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Turienzo A, Lledó B, Ortiz JA, Morales R, Sanz J, Llácer J, Bernabeu R. Prevalence of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms on p53, IL-11, IL-10, VEGF and APOE in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) and pregnancy loss (RPL). HUM FERTIL 2018; 23:117-122. [PMID: 30332901 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2018.1524935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL; defined as the loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies) and recurrent implantation failure (RIF; when implantation is not achieved after at least three cycles of IVF) are two of the major challenges that reproductive medicine faces. Some polymorphisms have been identified as possible causes of an increased risk of these diseases. This paper studies the prevalence of the polymorphisms in p53, VEGF, IL-10, IL-11 and APOE in RIF and RPL patients that determines the risk for these pathologies. A total of 255 patients were selected (89 RPL patients, 77 RIF patients and 89 controls) and genotyped for p53-R72P; IL-11-1082-AG; VEGF-1154-AG; IL-10; APOE-R112C; APOE-R158C. Statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of the E4 isoform (R122-R158) of the APOE gene in RPL patients (p < 0.05), and in RIF patients, the R72P polymorphism of the p53 gene and the 1154-AG of the VEGF gene showed different distribution (p < 0.05). Regarding the p53 and IL-11 studied polymorphisms, PP of p53 gene and GG of IL-11 are more prevalent in RPL patients without reaching statistical significance. In conclusion, our results suggest patients carrying variants in p53 and VEGF would be at risk of RIF, and those carrying variants in APOE gene would suffer RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Lledó
- Molecular Biology, Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, Alicante, Spain
| | - José A Ortiz
- Molecular Biology, Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ruth Morales
- Molecular Biology, Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Sanz
- Molecular Biology, Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, Alicante, Spain
| | - Joaquín Llácer
- Reproductive medicine, Instituto Bernabeu, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rafael Bernabeu
- Molecular Biology, Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, Alicante, Spain.,Reproductive medicine, Instituto Bernabeu, Alicante, Spain
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Liu F, Wang F, Wang CC, Li N, Li SF. Expression of IL-2 and IL-11 and its significance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:76-8. [PMID: 23317891 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of IL-2 and IL-11 and its significance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS A total of 48 active AS patients in our hospital and 40 normal control subjects were selected in our study. Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index (BASMI), ESR and CRP expression levels were compared before treatment, 12 h after treatment and 24 h after treatment. IL-2 and IL-11 expression were also compared between these two groups. RESULTS The BASDAI score, BASFI score and BASMI score of the AS patients before treatment significantly decreased compared with those 12 weeks and 24 weeks after treatment (P<0.05). ESR and CRP levels of the AS patients 12 weeks and 24 weeks after treatment significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). Difference was significant in serum IL-2 and IL-11 levels between 12 weeks and 24 weeks after treatment and before treatment (P<0.05). And no statistically significance was observed for serum IL-2 and IL-11 levels between normal control group and those of patients in AS group 24 weeks after treatment (P>0.05). Pearson's linear-correlation analysis showed that serum IL-2 level had a positive correlation with BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, ESR and CRP (r=0.661,0.547,0.474,0.362,0.416, P<0.05) and serum IL-11 level had a negative correlation with BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, ESR and CRP (r=-0.629, -0.412, -0.422, -0.387, -0.408, -0.315, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of IL-2 in active AS patients significantly increase and will decrease after treatment. However, serum levels of IL-11 significantly decrease and will increase after treatment, which indicates that serum IL-2 has a positive correlation with the degree of AS and serum IL-11 has a negative correlation with the degree of AS, both of which are correlated closely with the onset of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangqiu People's Hospital, Jinan 250200, China
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Abstract
Recent data have shown that anti-inflammatory responses to major injury occur immediately after trauma. Interleukin 11 (IL-11), a member of the IL-6 family, is a pleiotropic cytokine with hematopoietic, osteotrophic, and mucosa protective properties, as well as anti-inflammatory functions. IL-11 inhibits synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, promotes a Th2-type immune response, and improves outcome after shock and sepsis in different animal models. To further investigate the role of IL-11 in the human posttraumatic immune response, we measured plasma levels of IL-11 in 216 multiple-injured patients (mean age of 40 +/- 16 [range 11-81] years; Injury Severity Score [ISS] of 31 +/- 11 [range 16-66] points; 52 women and 164 men) after injury and correlated this with demographics, clinical course, and other laboratory parameters. IL-11 was significantly elevated in polytraumatized patients compared with healthy donors (P <0.0001). The time course of IL-11 in surviving patients was an initial increase after trauma with a decrease during the first 4 weeks, whereas nonsurvivors (n=34) had a significant increase later after injury (4 weeks). IL-11 was significantly higher after abdominal trauma and in men. No correlation between systemic IL-11 and ISS or age was detected. IL-11 correlated significantly with other pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18. Our data demonstrate elevated levels of systemic IL-11 after multiple injuries; however, the role of a posttraumatic increase of IL-11 has to be further analyzed. In contrast to IL-6, IL-11 in plasma does not correlate with trauma severity and seems to have no clinical relevance to outcome prediction after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schinkel
- BG Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Department of Surgery, Ruhr University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Fujita Y, Ezura Y, Emi M, Ono S, Takada D, Takahashi K, Uemura K, Iino Y, Katayama Y, Bujo H, Saito Y. Hypertriglyceridemia associated with amino acid variation Asn985Tyr of the RP1 gene. J Hum Genet 2004; 48:305-308. [PMID: 12764676 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Factors predisposing to the phenotypic features of hypertriglyceridemia have not been clearly defined. Here we report an association between a missense coding region polymorphism Asn985Tyr in the retinitis pigmentosa 1 gene ( RP1) and plasma triglyceride (TG) levels in 332 adult individuals from an east-central area of Japan. Age and gender-adjusted levels of LDL-cholesterol, TG, and HDL-cholesterol were analyzed. When we separate the subjects into two genotypic groups regarding this amino acid variation, those who lack the 985-Asn allele (asparagine at residue 985) had significantly higher plasma TG levels than the others who had at least one 985-Asn allele (mean: 175.8 mg/dl vs 123.3 mg/dl; P=0.0006, Mann-Whitney test). Similarly, the former subjects had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol levels than the latter (mean: 48.0 mg/dl vs 53.8 mg/dl; P=0.038). Of the 280 individuals without a 985-Asn allele, approximately half of the individuals presented with hypertriglyceridemia, whereas only a quarter were hypertriglyceridemic among 52 individuals with the 985-Asn allele ( P=0.04). Although this SNP marker may itself be in linkage disequilibrium with other unexamined functional variants within this locus, our data suggest that genetic variation at the RP1 locus is one of the likely candidate determinants for plasma triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fujita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Emi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
| | - Shuji Ono
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuhiko Iino
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Katayama
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Genome Research and Clinical Application, Chiba University Graduate School, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saito
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Chiba University Graduate School, Chiba, Japan
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Ono S, Ezura Y, Emi M, Fujita Y, Takada D, Sato K, Ishigami T, Umemura S, Takahashi K, Kamimura K, Bujo H, Saito Y. A promoter SNP (-1323T>C) in G-substrate gene (GSBS) correlates with hypercholesterolemia. J Hum Genet 2003; 48:447-450. [PMID: 12955585 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2003] [Accepted: 06/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Factors predisposing to the phenotypic features of higher total cholesterol (TC) have not been clearly defined. Here we report an association between a promoter SNP (-1323T>C) in G-substrate gene (GSBS) and TC levels in 368 adult individuals from an east-central area of Japan. Age and gender-adjusted levels of LDL-cholesterol, TG, TC, and HDL-cholesterol were analyzed. When we separate the subjects into two genotypic groups regarding T allele, those who bear the T allele had significantly higher plasma TC levels than the others who lack the T allele (mean; 239.6 mg/dl vs. 210.6 mg/dl; p=0.003; Mann-Whitney test). Of the 341 individuals with the T allele, approximately 80% individuals presented with hypercholesterolemia, whereas only 44% were hypercholesterolemic among the 27 individuals without the T allele (p=0.0001). These results indicate a significant elevating effect of plasma TC levels by a SNP in the putative regulatory region of the G-substrate gene in our studied population. These data suggest that genetic variation at the G-substrate gene may be one of the determinants for plasma lipoprotein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ono
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Emi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
| | | | - Daisuke Takada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
| | - Keiko Sato
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Genome Research and Clinical Application, Chiba University Graduate School, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saito
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Chiba University Graduate School, Chiba, Japan
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Omasu F, Ezura Y, Kajita M, Ishida R, Kodaira M, Yoshida H, Suzuki T, Hosoi T, Inoue S, Shiraki M, Orimo H, Emi M. Association of genetic variation of the RIL gene, encoding a PDZ-LIM domain protein and localized in 5q31.1, with low bone mineral density in adult Japanese women. J Hum Genet 2003; 48:342-5. [PMID: 12908099 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2003] [Accepted: 04/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Twin and family studies had shown that genetic factors are important determinants of bone mass. Multiple genes might be involved. One candidate gene, the reversion-induced LIM gene ( RIL), is a PDZ and LIM-domain-containing protein and has been localized within the cytokine cluster of chromosome 5 (5q31.1). In a genetic study of 370 adult Japanese women, we investigated the correlation between radial bone mineral density (BMD) and a genetic variation (-3333T-->C) of the 5'-flanking region of RIL gene. A significant association was identified between the RIL variation -3333T-->C and radial BMD ( r=0.15, P=0.003). The variation of the RIL locus may be an important determinant of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Omasu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
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Chung HW, Seo JS, Hur SE, Kim HL, Kim JY, Jung JH, Kim LH, Park BL, Shin HD. Association of interleukin-6 promoter variant with bone mineral density in pre-menopausal women. J Hum Genet 2003; 48:243-248. [PMID: 12768442 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2003] [Accepted: 02/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL6) has many roles essential to the regulation of the immune response, hematopoiesis, and bone resorption. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL6 promoter region were genotyped by the single-base extension method. The frequencies of each SNP were 0.002 ( IL6-597 G--> A), 0.27 ( IL6-572 G--> C), and 0.002 ( IL6-174 G--> C) in a Korean population ( n=1,082). IL6-597 G--> A and IL6-174 G--> C were totally linked together ( d(2)=1) and showed very low allele frequencies (0.002), which are common in Caucasians. On the other hand, the frequency of the IL6-572 G--> C*C allele was much higher (0.27) than that in Caucasian populations (<0.07). One of the IL6 promoter SNPs, viz., IL6-572 G--> C, showed significant associations with bone mineral density (BMD), i.e., the C allele was associated with increased BMD ( P=0.02, co-dominant model; P=0.007, dominant model). The mean BMD was highest in homozygous C individuals (0.67+/-0.15), lowest in homozygous G individuals (0.58+/-0.19), and intermediate in heterozygotes (0.64+/-0.21). In the present study, we describe a variant in the IL6 promoter region that shows positive association with higher BMD in a gene-dose-dependent manner in pre-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Woman's University, 158-710, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ILCHUN Molecular Medicine Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yungun-dong, Chonro-gu, 110-744, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sung Eun Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Woman's University, 158-710, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Woman's University, 158-710, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Kim
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., 11th Floor, Maehun Building, 13 Chongro 4 Ga, Chongro Gu, 110-834, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Jung
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., 11th Floor, Maehun Building, 13 Chongro 4 Ga, Chongro Gu, 110-834, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lyoung Hyo Kim
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., 11th Floor, Maehun Building, 13 Chongro 4 Ga, Chongro Gu, 110-834, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Lae Park
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., 11th Floor, Maehun Building, 13 Chongro 4 Ga, Chongro Gu, 110-834, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., 11th Floor, Maehun Building, 13 Chongro 4 Ga, Chongro Gu, 110-834, Seoul, Korea
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Ishida R, Ezura Y, Emi M, Kajita M, Yoshida H, Suzuki T, Hosoi T, Inoue S, Shiraki M, Ito H, Orimo H. Association of a promoter haplotype (-1542G/-525C) in the tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor-interacting protein gene with low bone mineral density in Japanese women. Bone 2003; 33:237-41. [PMID: 14499357 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(03)00226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a multifactorial common disease, is believed to result from the interplay of multiple environmental and genetic factors that regulate bone mineral density (BMD). Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor-interacting protein (I-TRAF) is an essential effecter of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-signaling cascade, one of the most potent bone-resorbing systems. In genetic studies of 382 Japanese adult women, we found that genotypes of two promoter variations of I-TRAF gene, -1542T/G and -525G/C, were similarly associated with radial BMD levels. Two variations were in almost complete linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.978, r(2) = 0.917, chi(2) = 695, 2, P = 3.4 x 10(-153)), and there were two exclusive haplotypes (-1542T/-525C, frequency 0.74, and -1542G/-525G, frequency 0.24) among our test subjects. When BMD values were compared among the three haplotypic categories (-1542G/-525G homozygotes, heterozygotes, and -1542T/-525C homozygotes), BMD was lowest among -1542G/-525C homozygotes (mean +/- SD = 0.382 +/- 0.060 g/cm(2)), highest among -1542T/-525G homozygotes (0.405 +/- 0.051 g/cm(2)), and intermediate among heterozygotes (0.395 +/- 0.056 g/cm(2)) (r = 0.11, P = 0.030). The observed trend supported a codominant effect of the relevant haplotype of I-TRAF gene in determination of radial BMD. These results suggested that variation of I-TRAF might be an important determinant for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Ishida
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
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Hirano H, Ezura Y, Ishiyama N, Yamaguchi M, Nasu I, Yoshida H, Suzuki T, Hosoi T, Emi M. Association of natural tooth loss with genetic variation at the human matrix Gla protein locus in elderly women. J Hum Genet 2003; 48:288-292. [PMID: 12721790 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2003] [Accepted: 03/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural tooth loss represents a major medical issue within the elderly population, since it impairs masticatory function critical for oral intake of essential nutrition. Contribution of genetic factors has been implicated in the determination of natural tooth loss; degree of reduction in number of natural teeth remaining intact (NTI) varies among individuals; thus, heterogeneity in NTI might reflect genetic variation within the population. One candidate gene, the matrix Gla protein gene (MGP), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone loss through a repression of bone/tooth formation. We have investigated a possible association between the CA repeat polymorphism at the human MGP gene locus and the NTI in 458 elderly Japanese women. In 916 chromosomes tested, ten alleles of the polymorphic nucleotide repeat were observed (designated A1-A10), among which five alleles were regarded as major alleles to be tested for the association. Twenty-seven women who possessed an A6 allele (164 bp) had significantly higher NTI than the remaining participants (n=431), who did not carry an allele of that size (mean: 10.0 teeth vs 5.6 teeth; P=0.007, Mann-Whitney test). An eight-year longitudinal follow-up study of NTI suggested that the genetic variations at the MGP locus did not affect the rate of tooth loss in the elderly period. These results suggest that genetic variation at the MGP gene locus is associated with some determinants for tooth loss in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Hirano
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Ishiyama
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatsune Yamaguchi
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nasu
- Department of Dental Public Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yoshida
- Department of Epidemiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hosoi
- Endocrinology Section, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Emi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
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Ishida R, Emi M, Ezura Y, Iwasaki H, Yoshida H, Suzuki T, Hosoi T, Inoue S, Shiraki M, Ito H, Orimo H. Association of a haplotype (196Phe/532Ser) in the interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase (IRAK1) gene with low radial bone mineral density in two independent populations. J Bone Miner Res 2003; 18:419-23. [PMID: 12619925 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.3.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a multifactorial common disease, is believed to result from the interplay of multiple environmental and genetic determinants, including factors that regulate bone mineral density. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is one of the most potent bone-resorbing factors, and interleukin-1-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) is an essential effector of the IL-1 receptor signaling cascade. In genetic studies of two independent populations of postmenopausal women (cohort A: 220 individuals and cohort T: 126 individuals) from separated geographical regions of Japan, we found that radial bone mineral density levels had similar associations with IRAK1 genotypes in both populations. Two amino acid-substituting variations in the gene, encoding Phe196Ser and Ser532Leu, were in complete linkage disequilibrium (D' = 1.0000, r2 = 1.0000, chi2 = 192.000, p = 1.2 x 10(-43)), and we found two exclusive haplotypes (196F/532S, frequency 0.74; 196S/532L, frequency 0.26) of the IRAK1 gene among our test subjects. In both populations, a significant association with decreased radial bone mineral density was identified with haplotype 196F/532S (in cohort A: r = 0.21, p = 0.0017; in cohort T: r = 0.23, p = 0.011). Radial bone mineral density was lowest among 196F/532S homozygotes, highest among 196S/532L homozygotes, and intermediate among heterozygotes. Accelerated bone loss also correlated with the 196F/532S haplotype in a 5-year follow-up. These results suggest that variation of IRAK1 may be an important determinant of postmenopausal osteoporosis, in part through the mechanism of accelerated postmenopausal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Ishida
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Kawasaki, Japan
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Glasel JA. Drugs, the human genome, and individual-based medicine. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2002; 58:1-50. [PMID: 12079198 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8183-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The so-called "Genomic Revolution" has made possible the high-resolution sequencing of the DNA making up the human genome. One of the main conclusions of the currently available sequencing data is that individuals differ genetically from one another via sequence variations in their genomes. When affected genes are transcribed and translated, some of these sequence variations result in protein products that may affect the functioning of the proteins. This has led to widespread optimism that information on an individual's pattern of sequence variations will lead to drugs that target that individual's variant proteins and make "individual-based medicine" possible. I this chapter some of the assumptions underlying the proposed production of individual drug treatments are examined. The assumptions are viewed in the light of very recent experimental evidence about the sequence patterns found in humans. Also discussed are ancillary ethical problems in cataloging and using databases containing individuals' sequence data, what human genomic sequences are revealing about the use of animal models in developing drugs, and how evidence is mounting that the human genome is only one element serving to maintain an organism's interaction with its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Glasel
- Global Scientific Consulting LLC, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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