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Elfeky N, Rizk A, Gharieb MM. Exploring the lipids, carotenoids, and vitamins content of Rhodotorula glutinis with selenium supplementation under lipid accumulating and growth proliferation conditions. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:451. [PMID: 39506648 PMCID: PMC11539581 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodotorula glutinis, a specific type of yeast, has been recognised as a superior resource for generating selenium-enriched biomass that possesses exceptional nutritional and functional attributes. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effect of sodium selenite at different concentrations on lipid and carotenoid synthesis, as well as the growth of R. glutinis. METHODS The lipid's fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography (GC). The vitamins were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the structural modification of yeast cells caused by the addition of sodium selenite to the growth medium, as well as the accumulation of elemental selenium in the yeast cells. RESULTS The yeast cells demonstrated the ability to endure high concentrations of sodium selenite under lipid accumulation (LAM) and growth-promoting (YPD) conditions. 25.0 mM and 30.0 mM, respectively, were published as the IC50 values for the LAM and YPD conditions. In both growth media, 1 mM sodium selenite boosted lipid synthesis. Lipid accumulation increased 26% in LAM to 11.4 g/l and 18% in YPD to 4.3 g/l. Adding 1 mM and 3 mM sodium selenite to YPD medium increased total and cellular carotenoids by 22.8% (646.7 µg/L and 32.12 µg/g) and 48.7% (783.3 µg/L and 36.43 µg/g), respectively. Palmitic acid was identified as the most abundant fatty acid in all treatments, followed by oleic acid and linoleic acid. The concentrations of water soluble vitamins (WSV) and fat soluble vitamins (FSV) were generally significantly increased after supplementation with 1.0 mM sodium selenite. TEM examination revealed a significant reduction in lipid bodies accumulation in the yeast cells when sodium selenite was added to lipid-promoting environments. This decline is accompanied by an augmentation in the formation of peroxisomes, indicating that selenium has a direct impact on the degradation of fatty acids. In addition, autophagy appears to be the primary mechanism by which selenium ions are detoxified. Additionally, intracellular organelles disintegrate, cytoplasmic vacuolization occurs, and the cell wall and plasma membrane rupture, resulting in the discharge of cytoplasmic contents, when a high concentration of sodium selenite (20.0 mM) is added. Also, the presence of numerous electron-dense granules suggests an intracellular selenium-detoxification pathway. CONCLUSION This study proposes the use of YPD with 1 mM sodium selenite to cultivate selenium-enriched biomass from R. glutinis. This approach leads to heightened lipid levels with higher accumulation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, carotenoids, and vitamins. Hence, this biomass has the potential to be a valuable additive for animal, fish, and poultry feed. Furthermore, explain certain potential factors that indicate the impact of selenium in reducing the accumulation of lipid droplets in R. glutinis during lipogenesis, as detected through TEM examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Elfeky
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Aya Rizk
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Gharieb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Díaz-Navarrete P, Dantagnan P, Henriquez D, Soto R, Correa-Galeote D, Sáez-Arteaga A. Selenized non-Saccharomyces yeasts and their potential use in fish feed. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1879-1894. [PMID: 38630161 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a vital trace element, essential for growth and other biological functions in fish. Its significance lies in its role as a fundamental component of selenoproteins, which are crucial for optimal functioning of the organism. The inclusion of Se in the diets of farmed animals, including fish, has proved invaluable in mitigating the challenges arising from elemental deficiencies experienced in captivity conditions due to limitations in the content of fishmeal. Supplementing diets with Se enhances physiological responses, particularly mitigates the effects of the continuous presence of environmental stress factors. Organic Se has been shown to have higher absorption rates and a greater impact on bioavailability and overall health than inorganic forms. A characteristic feature of yeasts is their rapid proliferation and growth, marked by efficient mineral assimilation. Most of the selenized yeasts currently available in the market, and used predominantly in animal production and aquaculture, are based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which contains selenomethionine (Se-Met). The object of this review is to highlight the importance of selenized yeasts. In addition, it presents metabolic and productive aspects of other yeast genera that are important potential sources of organic selenium. Some yeast strains discussed produce metabolites of interest such as lipids, pigments, and amino acids, which could have applications in aquaculture and further enrich their usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Díaz-Navarrete
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile.
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Daniela Henriquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Robinson Soto
- Departamento de Procesos industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - David Correa-Galeote
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
| | - Alberto Sáez-Arteaga
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Creación (CIIC-UCT), Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
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Díaz-Navarrete P, Sáez-Arteaga A, Marileo L, Alors D, Correa-Galeote D, Dantagnan P. Enhancing Selenium Accumulation in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Strain 6S Using a Proteomic Approach for Aquafeed Development. Biomolecules 2024; 14:629. [PMID: 38927033 PMCID: PMC11201420 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is known that selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, important for the growth and other biological functions of fish. One of its most important functions is to contribute to the preservation of certain biological components, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, providing protection against free radicals resulting from normal metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate and optimize selenium accumulation in the native yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 6S. Sodium selenite was evaluated at different concentrations (5-10-15-20-30-40 mg/L). Similarly, the effects of different concentrations of nitrogen sources and pH on cell growth and selenium accumulation in the yeast were analyzed. Subsequently, the best cultivation conditions were scaled up to a 2 L reactor with constant aeration, and the proteome of the yeast cultured with and without sodium selenite was evaluated. The optimal conditions for biomass generation and selenium accumulation were found with ammonium chloride and pH 5.5. Incorporating sodium selenite (30 mg/L) during the exponential phase in the bioreactor after 72 h of cultivation resulted in 10 g/L of biomass, with 0.25 mg total Se/g biomass, composed of 25% proteins, 15% lipids, and 0.850 mg total carotenoids/g biomass. The analysis of the proteomes associated with yeast cultivation with and without selenium revealed a total of 1871 proteins. The results obtained showed that the dynamic changes in the proteome, in response to selenium in the experimental medium, are directly related to catalytic activity and oxidoreductase activity in the yeast. R. mucilaginosa 6S could be an alternative for the generation of selenium-rich biomass with a composition of other nutritional compounds also of interest in aquaculture, such as proteins, lipids, and pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Díaz-Navarrete
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Alberto Sáez-Arteaga
- Centro de Investigación Innovación y Creación (CIIC-UCT), Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Luis Marileo
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - David Alors
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - David Correa-Galeote
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Xue SJ, Zhang XT, Li XC, Zhao FY, Shu X, Jiang WW, Zhang JY. Multi-pathways-mediated mechanisms of selenite reduction and elemental selenium nanoparticles biogenesis in the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium melanogenum I15. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134204. [PMID: 38579586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) plays a critical role in diverse biological processes and is widely used across manufacturing industries. However, the contamination of Se oxyanions also poses a major public health concern. Microbial transformation is a promising approach to detoxify Se oxyanions and produce elemental selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with versatile industrial potential. Yeast-like fungi are an important group of environmental microorganisms, but their mechanisms for Se oxyanions reduction remain unknown. In this study, we found that Aureobasidium melanogenum I15 can reduce 1.0 mM selenite by over 90% within 48 h and efficiently form intracellular or extracellular spherical SeNPs. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses disclosed that A. melanogenum I15 evolves a complicated selenite reduction mechanism involving multiple metabolic pathways, including the glutathione/glutathione reductase pathway, the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase pathway, the siderophore-mediated pathway, and multiple oxidoreductase-mediated pathways. This study provides the first report on the mechanism of selenite reduction and SeNPs biogenesis in yeast-like fungi and paves an alternative avenue for the bioremediation of selenite contamination and the production of functional organic selenium compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Xue
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Bioresources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Xin-Tong Zhang
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Bioresources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Li
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Bioresources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Zhao
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Bioresources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Xian Shu
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Bioresources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Wen-Wen Jiang
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Bioresources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
| | - Jin-Yong Zhang
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Bioresources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, China.
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Zhou L, Jiao L, Ju J, Ma X. Effect of Sodium Selenite on the Metabolite Profile of Epichloë sp. Mycelia from Festuca sinensis in Solid Culture. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4865-4879. [PMID: 34973128 PMCID: PMC9492591 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03054-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with many beneficial effects for humans and other living organisms. Numerous microorganisms in culture systems enrich and convert inorganic selenium to organic selenium. In this study, Epichloë sp. from Festuca sinensis was exposed to increasing Na2SeO3 concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mmol/L) in Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 8 weeks. Epichloë sp. mycelia were immediately collected after mycelial diameters were measured at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks of cultivation, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis was performed on different groups of Epichloë sp. mycelia. Different changes were observed as Epichloë sp. was exposed to different selenite conditions and cultivation time. The colony diameter of Epichloë sp. decreased in response to increased selenite concentrations, whereas the inhibitory effects diminished over time. Seventy-two of the 203 identified metabolites did not differ significantly across selenite treatments within the same time point, while 82 compounds did not differ significantly between multiple time points of the same Se concentration. However, the relative levels of 122 metabolites increased the most under selenite conditions. Specifically, between the 4th and 8th weeks, there were increases in 2-keto-isovaleric acid, uridine, and maltose in selenite treatments compared to controls. Selenium increased glutathione levels and exhibited antioxidant properties in weeks 4, 5, and 7. Additionally, we observed that different doses of selenite could promote the production of carbohydrates such as isomaltose, cellobiose, and sucrose; fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; and amino acids such as lysine and tyrosine in Epichloë sp. mycelia. Therefore, Epichloë sp. exposed to selenite stress may benefit from increased levels of some metabolite compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - Lu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Jiasheng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Xuelan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
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Li J, Otero-Gonzalez L, Michiels J, Lens PNL, Du Laing G, Ferrer I. Production of selenium-enriched microalgae as potential feed supplement in high-rate algae ponds treating domestic wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125239. [PMID: 33940503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the selenium (Se) removal efficiency of two pilot-scale high-rate algae ponds (HRAPs) treating domestic wastewater and investigated the production of Se-enriched microalgae as potential feed supplement. The HRAP-Se had an average Se, NH4+-N, total phosphorus and COD removal efficiency of, respectively, 43%, 93%, 77%, and 70%. Inorganic Se taken up by the microalgae was mainly (91%) transformed to selenoamino acids, and 49-63% of Se in the Se-enriched microalgae was bioaccessible for animals. The crude protein content (48%) of the microalgae was higher than that of soybeans, whereas the essential amino acid content was comparable. Selenium may induce the production of the polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 in microalgae. Overall, the production of Se-enriched microalgae in HRAPs may offer a promising alternative for upgrading low-value resources into high-value feed supplements, supporting the drive to a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lila Otero-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Michiels
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ivet Ferrer
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Kieliszek M, Dourou M. Effect of Selenium on the Growth and Lipid Accumulation of Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1611-1622. [PMID: 32632749 PMCID: PMC7886723 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increase attention on the effect of selenium (Se) on metabolic processes of microorganisms. Strains belonging to the genus of Yarrowia are of great biotechnological interest for various industries. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 10 mg/L of Se on the growth and lipid production of two Yarrowia lipolytica strains: the ACA DC 50109 and one more with increased oleagenicity, derived after ALE methodology (referred here as Y. lipolytica ALE_70). The presence of Se in the growth medium negatively affected both cell mass production and total lipid accumulation, for both Y. lipolytica strains. Fractionation of total lipids showed an inhibition on neutral lipid (NL) synthesis and consequently, an increase of polar lipids (glycolipids plus sphingolipids, and phospholipids) on the lipids of the Se-enriched ACA DC 50109 strain; however, the NL/polar ratio of the Se-enriched ALE_70 indicated that Se, apart from the inhibition of NL synthesis, provoked also the accumulation of polar lipids in this strain. In addition, the fatty acid (FA) composition was differently affected by Se. Se-enriched total lipids of the ALE_70 strain were enriched in linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), which resulted in increase of the unsaturated index. On the other hand, Se-enriched lipids of the ACA DC 50109 strain were more saturated, as the percentage of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids increased in the total FAs. Moreover, it seems that Se influenced the activity or the expression of desaturases and elongase in both strains. Finally, the supplementation of growth medium with Se affected cell morphology, as well as the size and distribution of lipid droplets inside the yeast cells. According to our opinion, Se caused stress conditions and the consequence of that was the occurrence of metabolic disorders that affected cell mass, lipid content, and/or morphological structures. The results of the present study suggest that further research should be carried out to understand the background of the lipogenesis process in yeast cells cultured under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marianna Dourou
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Inducing red pigment and inhibiting citrinin production by adding lanthanum(III) ion in Monascus purpureus fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1905-1912. [PMID: 33576885 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Monascus pigments (MPs) are widely used natural colorants in Asian countries. The problems of low extracellular red pigment (ERP) and high citrinin remain to be solved in Monascus pigment production. The effect of lanthanum(III) ion (LaCl3) on Monascus purpureus fermentation was investigated in this study. The yields of ERP and biomass respectively reached maxima of 124.10 U/mL and 33.10 g/L by adding 0.4 g/L La3+ on the second day in the total 8-day fermentation; simultaneously, citrinin was decreased by 59.93% and 38.14% in the extracellular and intracellular fractions, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were obviously improved by La3+ treatment, while the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased compared with the control. The ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids in mycelia was increased from 2.94 to 3.49, indicating that the permeability and fluidity of the cell membrane were enhanced under La3+ treatment. Gene expression analysis showed that the relative expression levels of Monascus pigment synthesis genes (pksPT, mppB, mppD, MpFasB2, and MpPKS5) were significantly upregulated by La3+ treatment, and in contrast, the relative expression levels of citrinin synthesis genes (ctnA, pksCT and mppC) were markedly downregulated. This work confirmed that LaCl3 possesses the potential to induce red pigment biosynthesis and inhibit citrinin production in M. purpureus fermentation. KEY POINTS: • La3+ induced red pigment and inhibited citrinin production in Monascus fermentation. • La3+ regulated genes expression up for Monascus pigment and down for citrinin. • La3+ increased the UFAs in cell membrane to enhance the permeability and fluidity.
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Kieliszek M, Błażejak S, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Kot AM. Effect of Selenium on Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism in Yeast Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:316-327. [PMID: 29675568 PMCID: PMC6315055 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses the effect of selenium in aqueous solutions on aspects of lipid and amino acid metabolism in the cell biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MYA-2200 and Candida utilis ATCC 9950 yeasts. The yeast biomass was obtained by using waste products (potato wastewater and glycerol). Selenium, at a dose of 20 mg/L of aqueous solution, affected the differentiation of cellular morphology. Yeast enriched with selenium was characterized by a large functional diversity in terms of protein and amino acid content. The protein content in the biomass of S. cerevisiae enriched with selenium (42.6%) decreased slightly as compared to that in the control sample without additional selenium supplementation (48.4%). Moreover, yeasts of both strains enriched with selenium contained a large amount of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, and leucine. Analysis of fatty acid profiles in S. cerevisiae yeast supplemented with selenium showed an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid content (e.g., C18:1). The presence of margaric acid (C17:0) and hexadecanoic acid (C17:1) was found in the C. utilis biomass enriched with selenium, in contrast to that of S. cerevisiae. These results indicate that selenium may induce lipid peroxidation, which consequently affects the loss of integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. Yeast enriched with selenium with optimal amino acid and lipid composition can be used to prepare a novel formula of dietary supplements, which can be applied directly to various diets for both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Kot
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Kieliszek M, Błażejak S, Gientka I, Bzducha-Wróbel A. Accumulation and metabolism of selenium by yeast cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5373-5382. [PMID: 26003453 PMCID: PMC4464373 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the process of selenium bioaccumulation and selenium metabolism in yeast cells. Yeast cells can bind elements in ionic from the environment and permanently integrate them into their cellular structure. Up to now, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, and Yarrowia lipolytica yeasts have been used primarily in biotechnological studies to evaluate binding of minerals. Yeast cells are able to bind selenium in the form of both organic and inorganic compounds. The process of bioaccumulation of selenium by microorganisms occurs through two mechanisms: extracellular binding by ligands of membrane assembly and intracellular accumulation associated with the transport of ions across the cytoplasmic membrane into the cell interior. During intracellular metabolism of selenium, oxidation, reduction, methylation, and selenoprotein synthesis processes are involved, as exemplified by detoxification processes that allow yeasts to survive under culture conditions involving the elevated selenium concentrations which were observed. Selenium yeasts represent probably the best absorbed form of this element. In turn, in terms of wide application, the inclusion of yeast with accumulated selenium may aid in lessening selenium deficiency in a diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland,
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Enhancement of microbial oil production by alpha-linolenic acid producing Yarrowia lipolytica strains QU22 and QU137. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Yu Y, Zhang F, Lu D, Zhang H. Selenium bioavailability from shrimps (Penaeus vannamei Boone) and its effect on the metabolism of phospholipid and cholesterol ester. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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