1
|
Chemical Constituents from Streblus taxoides Wood with Their Antibacterial and Antityrosinase Activities Plus in Silico Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020319. [PMID: 36830230 PMCID: PMC9952338 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation frequently occurs after inflammation from bacterial infection. Thus, the inhibition activity of tyrosinase, the key enzyme to catalyze the melanogenesis and/or inhibition of bacterial infection, could decrease melanin production. Hence, the potential inhibitors could be discovered from natural products. ω-Hydroxymoracin C (1), a new compound with two other 2-arylbenzofurans, i.e., moracin M (2) and moracin C (3), and two stilbenes, i.e., 3, 4, 3', 5'-tetrahydroxybibenzyl (4) and piceatannol (5), were isolated from the wood of Streblus taxoides. Compound 4 showed a strong inhibitory activity against tyrosinase enzyme with an IC50 value of 35.65 µg/mL, followed by compound 2 with an IC50 value of 47.34 µg/mL. Conversely, compound 1, 3 and 5 showed moderate activity, with IC50 values of 109.64, 128.67 and 149.73 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, compound 1 and 3 showed an antibacterial effect against some Staphylococcus spp. Thus, the isolated compounds exhibited potential antityrosine and antibacterial effects. Additionally, an in silico study was performed in order to predict theoretical molecular interactions between the obtained metabolites from S. taxoides and tyrosinase as an extended in vitro enzyme binding assay experiment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yalo M, Makhaba M, Hussein AA, Sharma R, Koki M, Nako N, Mabusela WT. Characterization of Four New Compounds from Protea cynaroides Leaves and Their Tyrosinase Inhibitory Potential. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131751. [PMID: 35807702 PMCID: PMC9269349 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protea cynaroides (king protea) is a flowering plant that belongs to the Proteaceae family. This multi-stemmed shrub is the national flower of South Africa and has important economic and medicinal values. Traditionally, the main therapeutic benefits of this plant species include the treatment of cancer, bladder, and kidney ailments. There are very limited reports on the isolation of phytochemicals and their biological evaluation from P. cynaroides. In this study, the leaves of P. cynaroides were air-dried at room temperature, powdered, and extracted with 80% methanol followed by solvent fractionation (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol). The ethyl acetate and butanol extracts were chromatographed and afforded four new (1–4) and four known (5–8) compounds, whose structures were characterized accordingly as 3,4-bis(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1), 4-hydroxybenzoyl-1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (2), 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-yl-6-O-benzoate-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β-ionone 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (6), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (7), and 3-hydroxykojic acid (8). The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined based on 1D and 2D NMR, FTIR, and HRMS spectroscopy, as well as compared with the available literature data. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the extracts and isolated compounds were also determined. According to the results, compounds 7 and 8 exhibited potent competitive tyrosinase inhibitory activity against L-tyrosine substrates with IC50 values of 0.8776 ± 0.012 and 0.7215 ± 0.090 µg/mL compared to the control (kojic acid, IC50 = 0.8347 ± 0.093), respectively. This study is the first chemical investigation of compounds 1–4 from a natural source and the first report of the biological evaluation of compounds 1–5 against the tyrosinase enzyme. The potent anti-tyrosinase activity exhibited by P. cynaroides constituents will support future exploration of the plant in the cosmetic field upon further biological and clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masande Yalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.Y.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Masixole Makhaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.Y.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.A.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.A.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Mkhuseli Koki
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.Y.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Ndikho Nako
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.Y.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Wilfred T. Mabusela
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.Y.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-(0)21-959-3052; Fax: +27-(0)21-959-1281
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Q, Chen X, Zou XX, Zou S, Ni L, Xu H. A New Flavonoid From Leaves of Ormosia xylocarpa. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new flavonoid, 5, 4′-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-6-[(2- O-β-D-glucopyranoside)ethyl]-flavanone (1), along with 7 known compounds (2-8), was separated from the leaves of Ormosia xylocarpa and identified by a variety of spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1-8 were subjected to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging experiment. Among them, compounds 1-4 showed potential antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 1.23, 0.83, 0.36, and 0. 021 mmol/L, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Institute of Conservation, Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Institute of Conservation, Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-xing Zou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Institute of Conservation, Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuangquan Zou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Institute of Conservation, Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Ni
- Engineering Research Institute of Conservation, Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiyou Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao D, Kim JH, Kim CT, Jeong WS, Kim HM, Sim J, Kang JS. Evaluation of Anti-Melanogenesis Activity of Enriched Pueraria lobata Stem Extracts and Characterization of Its Phytochemical Components Using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158105. [PMID: 34360871 PMCID: PMC8348418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) is a widely used herbal medicine worldwide, whereas the stem of the plant is discarded or used as feed for livestock. To reuse and exploit the stem of P. lobata as a resource, we investigated its potential as a skin-whitening agent. We found that the developed, enriched P. lobata stem (PLS) extract significantly inhibited melanin production in the 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine-induced B16/F10 cells at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. To further confirm the mechanism of the antimelanogenic effect of the enriched PLS extracts, we examined the mRNA expression of tyrosinase, which was suppressed by the extracts. To standardize and implement effective quality control of the enriched PLS extracts, its major chemical constituents were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. In total, 12 constituents were identified. In silico analysis showed that the main constituents, puerarin and daidzin, had excellent binding affinities for human tyrosinase. Collectively, our results suggest that the PLS extracts could be used as anti-pigmentation agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (J.H.K.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Jin Hyeok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (J.H.K.); (H.M.K.)
| | | | | | - Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (J.H.K.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Jaehoon Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (J.H.K.); (H.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5938 (J.S.); +82-42-821-5928 (J.S.K.)
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (J.H.K.); (H.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5938 (J.S.); +82-42-821-5928 (J.S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rathee P, Kumar S, Kumar D, Kumari B, Yadav SS. Skin hyperpigmentation and its treatment with herbs: an alternative method. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With an increasing number of patients, those who are facing a lot of skin-related complaints, often referred to as skin of pigmentation patients, are on the rise. Among all the most common complaints in patients with skin of color is hyperpigmentation. So, there is need of herbal formulation for treatment of hyperpigmentation.
Main body
This review article addresses the different types of hyperpigmentation, causes, and its treatment with herbs for the management of the skin hyperpigmentation. As uneven pigmentation of skin or hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition, which occurs when the skin produces more melanin. This can make spots or patches of skin appear darker than surrounding areas. Some forms of hyperpigmentation with post-inflammatory, melasma, and sun spots are more likely to affect areas of face, arms, and legs due to sun exposure and injury. Although the availability of multiple treatments for the condition which leads to some adverse effects, hyperpigmentation continues to present skin care management challenges for dermatologists.
Conclusion
Some plants and phytoconstituents, e.g., Azadirachta indica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Panax ginseng and genistein, ellagic acids, quercetin, are very useful in herbal cosmetic as anti-hyperpigmentry agents in cosmetic industries. Some of flavonoids and triterpenoids present in plants also show their effect as antioxidant and skin whitening agents. It is expected that this review will compile and improve the existing knowledge on the potential utilization of herbs for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Obaid RJ, Mughal EU, Naeem N, Sadiq A, Alsantali RI, Jassas RS, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Natural and synthetic flavonoid derivatives as new potential tyrosinase inhibitors: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22159-22198. [PMID: 35480807 PMCID: PMC9034236 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multifunctional glycosylated and copper-containing oxidase that is highly prevalent in plants and animals and plays a pivotal role in catalyzing the two key steps of melanogenesis: tyrosine's hydroxylation to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and oxidation of the latter species to dopaquinone. Melanin guards against the destructive effects of ultraviolet radiation which is known to produce considerable pathological disorders such as skin cancer, among others. Moreover, the overproduction of melanin can create aesthetic problems along with serious disorders linked to hyperpigmented spots or patches on skin. Several skin-whitening products which reduce melanogenesis activity and alleviate hyperpigmentation are commercially available. A few of them, particularly those obtained from natural sources and that incorporate a phenolic scaffold, have been exploited in the cosmetic industry. In this context, synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors (TIs) with elevated efficacy and fewer side effects are direly needed in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries owing to their protective effect against pigmentation and dermatological disorders. Furthermore, the biological significance of the chromone skeleton and its associated medicinal and bioactive properties has drawn immense interest and inspired many researchers to design and develop novel anti-tyrosinase agents based on the flavonoid core (2-arylchromone). This review article is oriented to provide an insight and a deeper understanding of the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of an array of natural and bioinspired phenolic compounds with special emphasis on flavonoids to demonstrate how the position of ring substituents and their interaction with tyrosinase could be correlated with their effectiveness or lack thereof against inhibiting the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami J Obaid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Taif University 888-Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chemical Constituents from Apios americana and Their Inhibitory Activity on Tyrosinase. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010232. [PMID: 29361770 PMCID: PMC6017567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify phytochemicals with inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. Nine compounds 1–9 were isolated from the tubers of Apios americana. This is the first report of aromadendrin 5-methyl ether (1) being isolated from the Apios species. Among them, compounds 2 and 8 showed inhibitory activity toward tyrosinase. Based on a Dixon plot, the potential Ki values of competitive inhibitors 2 and 8 were calculated as 10.3 ± 0.8 µM and 44.2 ± 1.7 µM, respectively. An IC50 value of 13.2 ± 1.0 µM was calculated for the slow-binding inhibitor 2 after preincubation with tyrosinase. Additionally, the predicted binding sites between the receptor and ligand, as well as secondary structure changes, in the presence of 2 were examined by molecular simulation.
Collapse
|