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Effect of Near-Infrared Blood Photobiomodulation on Red Blood Cell Damage from the Extracorporeal Circuit during Hemodialysis In Vitro. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The contact of blood with the bioincompatible membranes of the dialyzer, which is part of the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis (HD), causes upregulation of various cellular and non-cellular processes, including massive generation and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), (which is one of the primary causes of anemia in chronic renal failure). We hypothesize that near-infrared (NIR) radiation possesses antioxidant properties and is considered to protect the red blood cell (RBC) membrane by enhancing its resilience to negative pressures. Our experimental setup consisted of an HD machine equipped with a dialyzer with a polyamide membrane; whole bovine blood was examined in vitro in blood-treated circulation. Blood samples were taken at 0, 5, 15, and 30 min during the HD therapy. We also assessed osmotic fragility, hematocrit, hemolysis, and oxidative stress as a concentration of reactive thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS). Our results have shown that RBC membrane peroxidation increased significantly after 30 min of circulation, whereas the TBARS level in NIR-treated blood remained relatively steady throughout the experiment. The osmotic fragility of NIR-irradiated samples during dialysis was decreased compared to control samples. Our studies confirm that in vitro, blood photobiomodulation using NIR light diminishes oxidative damage during HD and can be considered a simultaneous pretreatment strategy for HD.
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Miguel FM, Picada JN, da Silva JB, Schemitt EG, Colares JR, Hartmann RM, Marroni CA, Marroni NP. Melatonin Attenuates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and DNA Damage in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced by a Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet. Inflammation 2022; 45:1968-1984. [PMID: 35419738 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a disease with a high incidence worldwide, but its diagnosis and treatment are poorly managed. In this study, NASH pathophysiology and DNA damage biomarkers were investigated in mice with NASH treated and untreated with melatonin (MLT). C57BL/6 mice were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks to develop NASH. Melatonin was administered at 20 mg/kg during the last 2 weeks. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured, and hepatic tissue was dissected for histological analysis, evaluation of lipoperoxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (Nrf2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) expression by immunohistochemistry. DNA damage was evaluated using Comet assay, while a micronucleus test in bone marrow was performed to assess the genomic instability associated with the disease. Melatonin decreased AST and ALT, liver inflammatory processes, balloonization, and fibrosis in mice with NASH, decreasing TNF-α, iNOS, and TGF-β, as well as oxidative stress, shown by reducing lipoperoxidation and intensifying Nrf2 expression. The SOD and GPx activities were increased, while CAT was decreased by treatment with MLT. Although the micronucleus frequency was not increased in mice with NASH, a protective effect on DNA was observed with MLT treatment in blood and liver tissues using Comet assay. As conclusions, MLT slows down the progression of NASH, reducing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, inhibiting DNA damage via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Moraes Miguel
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied To Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Avenida Farroupilha, 8001, CEP 92425900, Canoas, RS, Brazil.,Experimental Laboratory of Pneumological Sciences and Inflammation, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, CEP 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied To Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Avenida Farroupilha, 8001, CEP 92425900, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Bondan da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied To Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Avenida Farroupilha, 8001, CEP 92425900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizângela Gonçalves Schemitt
- Experimental Laboratory of Pneumological Sciences and Inflammation, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, CEP 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josieli Raskopf Colares
- Experimental Laboratory of Pneumological Sciences and Inflammation, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, CEP 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Minuzzo Hartmann
- Experimental Laboratory of Pneumological Sciences and Inflammation, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, CEP 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Augusto Marroni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Postgraduate Program - Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, CEP 90050170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- Experimental Laboratory of Pneumological Sciences and Inflammation, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, CEP 90035003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, RS, CEP 90050170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Photobiomodulation Therapy Applied after 6 Months for the Management of a Severe Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121420. [PMID: 34947950 PMCID: PMC8706621 DOI: 10.3390/life11121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its significant negative impact on the quality of life, the methods for the management of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury are still limited. In this case report, the patient did not show any improvement from the day of the iatrogenic accident until 6 months. A significant improvement of the symptoms started to appear only at 6 months when PBMT was applied. A total of 42 sessions of PBMT took place. The application zone included intraoral and extraoral areas. The parameters were: Delivery power of 0.1 W, for 40 s, continuous wave (CW), contact mode, and delivered energy of 4 J. The delivered energy density related to the fiber diameter was 1415 J/cm2. Each treated point was considered to be 1 cm2 of diameter. At the end of the treatment, all of the symptoms disappeared except for an abnormal sensation on touching the mucosa and gingiva of the concerned area. No side effects were noted. This case report shows that PBMT can be a very promising approach for the management of severe cases that are not improving with conventional methods.
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