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Mikami K, Takahashi M. Life cycle and reproduction dynamics of Bangiales in response to environmental stresses. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 134:14-26. [PMID: 35428563 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Red algae of the order Bangiales are notable for exhibiting flexible promotion of sexual and asexual reproductive processes by environmental stresses. This flexibility indicates that a trade-off between vegetative growth and reproduction occurs in response to environmental stresses that influence the timing of phase transition within the life cycle. Despite their high phylogenetic divergence, both filamentous and foliose red alga in the order Bangiales exhibit a haploid-diploid life cycle, with a haploid leafy or filamentous gametophyte (thallus) and a diploid filamentous sporophyte (conchocelis). Unlike haploid-diploid life cycles in other orders, the gametophyte in Bangiales is generated independently of meiosis; the regulation of this generation transition is not fully understood. Based on transcriptome and gene expression analyses, the originally proposed biphasic model for alternation of generations in Bangiales was recently updated to include a third stage. Along with the haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte, the triphasic framework recognizes a diploid conchosporophyte-a conchosporangium generated on the conchocelis-phase and previously considered to be part of the sporophyte. In addition to this sexual life cycle, some Bangiales species have an asexual life cycle in which vegetative cells of the thallus develop into haploid asexual spores, which are then released from the thallus to produce clonal thalli. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the triphasic life cycle and life cycle trade-off in Neopyropia yezoensis and 'Bangia' sp. as model organisms for the Bangiales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mikami
- Department of Integrative Studies of Plant and Animal Production, School of Food Industrial Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Megumu Takahashi
- Department of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Japan
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Zhang B, Liu X, Huan L, Shao Z, Zheng Z, Wang G. Carbonic anhydrase isoforms of Neopyropia yezoensis: Intracellular localization and expression profiles in response to inorganic carbon concentration and life stage. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:657-668. [PMID: 35757840 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae, particularly commercially grown seaweed, substantially contribute to CO2 removal and carbon storage. However, knowledge regarding the CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) of macroalgae is limited. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), a key component of the biophysical CCM, plays important roles in many physiological reactions in various organisms. Few characteristics of CA in Neopyropia yezoensis are known, particularly its intracellular location and responses to different concentrations of Ci. We identified, amplified, and characterized 11 putative genes encoding N. yezoensis CA. The predicted corresponding proteins clustered into three subfamilies: α-, β-, and γ-type. The intracellular localization of seven CA isoforms-one in the chloroplasts, three in the cytoplasm, and three in the mitochondria-was elucidated with fusion proteins. Higher NyCA expression, particularly of certain chloroplastic, cytosolic, and mitochondrial CAs, is observed more often during the foliose stage, thus suggesting that CAs play important roles in development in N. yezoensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Li Huan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhizhuo Shao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenbing Zheng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Shao Z, Xie X, Liu X, Zheng Z, Huan L, Zhang B, Wang G. Overexpression of mitochondrial γCAL1 reveals a unique photoprotection mechanism in intertidal resurrection red algae through decreasing photorespiration. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Expression of the GFP-mammalian pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of the phospholipase C δ1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4123-4128. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mikami K, Ito M, Taya K, Kishimoto I, Kobayashi T, Itabashi Y, Tanaka R. Parthenosporophytes of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus exhibit sex-dependent differences in thermotolerance as well as fatty acid and sterol composition. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 137:188-195. [PMID: 29459067 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus, male and female sex is expressed during the haploid parthenosporophyte phase of the life cycle. Here, we found that male parthenosporophytes displayed thermotolerance whereas female specimens displayed severely reduced viability at 25 °C and 28 °C. Profiling of polyunsaturated fatty acids showed that n-3 and n-6 were the predominant species in male and female parthenosporophytes, respectively, and that the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio was not affected by a temperature change. Both male and female parthenosporophytes contained the sterols fucosterol, cholesterol, and ergosterol, but these were present at higher levels at 10-25 °C in female specimens than in males. Thus, these fatty acids and sterols would be expected to make the membranes more rigid in the female compared to the male, which is opposite to the paradigm that increased rigidity confers thermotolerance. Our results suggest that the sex-dependent thermotolerance in E. siliculosus parthenosporophytes is not explained by the relationship between membrane fluidity and differences in fatty acids and sterol compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mikami
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, Pudong District, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Meiko Ito
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Gakuen-Kibanadai-nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Kensuke Taya
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Ikuya Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yutaka Itabashi
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Tanaka
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Gakuen-Kibanadai-nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Uji T, Hirata R, Fukuda S, Mizuta H, Saga N. A codon-optimized bacterial antibiotic gene used as selection marker for stable nuclear transformation in the marine red alga Pyropia yezoensis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 16:251-255. [PMID: 24149658 PMCID: PMC3996358 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae play an important role in marine coastal ecosystems and are widely used as sea vegetation foodstuffs and for industrial purposes. Therefore, there have been increased demands for useful species and varieties of these macroalgae. However, genetic transformation in macroalgae has not yet been established. We have developed a dominant selection marker for stable nuclear transformation in the red macroalga Pyropia yezoensis. We engineered the coding region of the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene aph7″ from Streptomyces hygroscopicus to adapt codon usage of the nuclear genes of P. yezoensis. We designated this codon-optimized aph7″ gene as PyAph7. After bombarding P. yezoensis cells with plasmids containing PyAph7 under the control of their endogenous promoter, 1.9 thalli (or individuals) of hygromycin-resistant strains were isolated from a 10-mm square piece of the bombarded thallus. These transformants were stably maintained throughout the asexual life cycle. Stable expression of PyAph7was verified using Southern blot analysis and genomic PCR and RT-PCR analyses. PyAph7 proved to be a new versatile tool for stable nuclear transformation in P. yezoensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Uji
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Ryo Hirata
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Satoru Fukuda
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuta
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
| | - Naotsune Saga
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611 Japan
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Uji T, Hirata R, Mikami K, Mizuta H, Saga N. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of sodium pump genes in the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7973-80. [PMID: 22531934 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sodium pumps (EC 3.6.3.9, Na(+)-ATPase), which mediate excretion of Na(+) from the cell, play a crucial role in Na(+) homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. The objective of this study is to understand the Na(+) efflux system in a marine red alga. We identified a novel sodium pump gene, PyKPA2, from the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis. The amino acid sequence of PyKPA2 shares 65 % identity with PyKPA1, a previously identified P. yezoensis sodium pump. Similar to PyKPA1, PyKPA2 contains conserved sequences for functions such as phosphorylation, ATP binding, and cation binding. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two genes cluster with sodium pumps from algae. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that PyKPA1 is expressed preferentially in sporophytes, whereas PyKPA2 is expressed specifically in gametophytes. RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that PyKPA1 and PyKPA2 transcripts were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in gametophytes during exposure to alkali stress. In addition, transcription of both genes in gametophytes was also induced by cold stress. These results suggest that PyKPA1 and PyKPA2 play an important role in alkali and cold stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Uji
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
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Hirata R, Takahashi M, Saga N, Mikami K. Transient gene expression system established in Porphyra yezoensis is widely applicable in Bangiophycean algae. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:1038-47. [PMID: 21286772 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-011-9367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of transient gene expression systems in the marine red macroalga Porphyra yezoensis has been useful for the molecular analysis of cellular processes in this species. However, there has been no successful report about the expression of foreign genes in other red macroalgae, which has impeded the broader understanding of the molecular biology of these species. We therefore examined whether the P. yezoensis transient gene expression system was applicable to other red macroalgae. The results indicated that a codon-optimized GUS, designated PyGUS, and plant-adapted sGFP(S65T) were successfully expressed under the control of the P. yezoensis PyAct1 promoter in gametophytic cells of six Porphyra species and also in Bangia fuscopurpurea, all of which are classified as Bangiophyceae. In contrast, there were no reporter-expressing cells in the Florideophycean algae examined. These results indicate the availability of PyGUS and sGFP as reporters and the 5' upstream region of the PyAct1 gene as a heterologous promoter for transient gene expression in Bangiophycean algae, which could provide a clue to the efficient expression of foreign genes and transformation in marine red macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hirata
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
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Mikami K, Saavedra L, Hiwatashi Y, Uji T, Hasebe M, Sommarin M. A dibasic amino acid pair conserved in the activation loop directs plasma membrane localization and is necessary for activity of plant type I/II phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 153:1004-15. [PMID: 20427464 PMCID: PMC2899925 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.152686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) is an enzyme involved in the regulation of cellular levels of phosphoinositides involved in various physiological processes, such as cytoskeletal organization, ion channel activation, and vesicle trafficking. In animals, research has focused on the modes of activation and function of PIPKs, providing an understanding of the importance of plasma membrane localization. However, it still remains unclear how this issue is regulated in plant PIPKs. Here, we demonstrate that the carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain, which contains the activation loop, is sufficient for plasma membrane localization of PpPIPK1, a type I/II B PIPK from the moss Physcomitrella patens. The importance of the carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain for plasma membrane localization was confirmed with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtPIP5K1. Our findings, in which substitution of a conserved dibasic amino acid pair in the activation loop of PpPIPK1 completely prevented plasma membrane targeting and abolished enzymatic activity, demonstrate its critical role in these processes. Placing our results in the context of studies of eukaryotic PIPKs led us to conclude that the function of the dibasic amino acid pair in the activation loop in type I/II PIPKs is plant specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mikami
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
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