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Hu H, Li F, Zhu F, Li J, Wang S, He Z, Chen J, Cheng L, Zhong F. Indole-3-carbinol ameliorates ovarian damage in female old mice through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116193. [PMID: 38582268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian aging leads to infertility and birth defects. We aimed to clarify the role of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in resistance to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis in ovarian aging. I3C was administered via intraperitoneal injection for 3 weeks in young or old mice. Immunohistochemistry; Masson, Sirius red, and TUNEL staining; follicle counting; estrous cycle analysis; and Western blotting were used for validating the protective effect of I3C against ovarian senescence. Human granulosa-like tumor cell line and primary granulosa cells were used for in vitro assay. The results indicated that I3C inhibited ovarian fibrosis and apoptosis while increasing the number of primordial follicles. Mechanistic studies have shown that I3C promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Additionally, I3C increased cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and JC-1 levels. Furthermore, the antioxidant effect of I3C was found to be dependent on the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1, as demonstrated by the disappearance of the effect upon inhibition of Nrf2 expression. In conclusion, I3C can alleviate the ovarian damage caused by aging and may be a protective agent to delay ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fengyu Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuoying He
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Linghui Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Uziel O, Kanner AA, Beery E, Lev S, Lahav M, Horn‐Fichman S, Nof SH, Laviv Y, Yust‐Katz S, Amiel A, Shkara RA, Siddeeq M, Levy‐Barda A, Raanani P, Sela Y, Cohen Z, Siegal T. Is serum-derived exosomal hTERT transcript a marker of oncogenic activity in primary brain tumors? An exploratory study. Cancer Med 2023; 13:e6784. [PMID: 38155481 PMCID: PMC10823760 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to proliferate indefinitely, all tumors require a telomere maintenance mechanism. The expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) enables telomere maintenance and provides cancer cells with limitless replicative potential. As such, it may serve as an attractive biomarker for oncogenic activity. This study explored whether a liquid biopsy that analyses blood derived exosomal hTERT transcript (e-hTERT-trans) may serve as such a biomarker in gliomas and meningiomas when compared to healthy controls. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from the pre-operative sera of patients' samples stored in the biobank of both Rabin and Sheba Medical Centers. The levels of e-hTERT-trans were measured in 81 healthy controls, 117 meningiomas, 17 low-grade gliomas, and 61 glioblastomas. Clinical parameters of the patients were collected retrospectively and compared to the levels of the e-hTERT-trans. RESULTS The upper normal limit of controls e-hTERT-trans was 1.85 relative quantitation (RQ). The rate of detection increased with rising tumor grade and correlated with tumor recurrence in meningiomas: mean RQ without recurrence (2.17 ± 11.7) versus with recurrence (3.59 ± 4.42; p = 0.002). In glioblastomas, preoperative measurements correlated with tumor volume and with the disease course on serial sampling. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time that the expression of e-hTERT-trans transcript can be measured in the serum of primary brain tumors. This exosomal marker carries the potential to serve as a biomarker once used in conjunction with other clinical and radiological parameters. Future studies are required to investigate whether the sensitivity could be augmented and whether it can be implemented into routine patients care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Uziel
- The Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Institute of HematologyDavidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Andrew A. Kanner
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Department of NeurosurgeryRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
| | - Einat Beery
- The Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
| | - Sapir Lev
- Department of NeurosurgeryRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
| | - Meir Lahav
- The Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Institute of HematologyDavidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Suzana Horn‐Fichman
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Neuropathology, Department of PathologyRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
| | - Sagi Har Nof
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Department of NeurosurgeryRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
| | - Yuseph Laviv
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Department of NeurosurgeryRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
| | - S. Yust‐Katz
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Neurooncology UnitDavidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
| | - Alexandra Amiel
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Neurooncology UnitDavidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
| | | | - Mustafa Siddeeq
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Department of NeurosurgerySheba Medical CenterRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Adva Levy‐Barda
- Biobank, Department of PathologyRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
| | - Pia Raanani
- The Felsenstein Medical Research CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Institute of HematologyDavidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yaron Sela
- The Center of Internet Psychology Reichman UniversityHerzliyaIsrael
| | - Zvi Cohen
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Department of NeurosurgerySheba Medical CenterRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Tali Siegal
- Neurooncology UnitDavidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
- Hebrew University and Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
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Kober P, Mossakowska BJ, Rusetska N, Baluszek S, Grecka E, Konopiński R, Matyja E, Oziębło A, Mandat T, Bujko M. Epigenetic Downregulation of Hsa-miR-193b-3p Increases Cyclin D1 Expression Level and Cell Proliferation in Human Meningiomas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13483. [PMID: 37686289 PMCID: PMC10487813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors in adults. Abnormal microRNA (miRNA) expression plays a role in their pathogenesis. Change in miRNA expression level can be caused by impaired epigenetic regulation of miRNA-encoding genes. We found the genomic region covering the MIR193B gene to be DNA hypermethylated in meningiomas based on analysis of genome-wide methylation (HumanMethylation450K Illumina arrays). Hypermethylation of MIR193B was also confirmed via bisulfite pyrosequencing. Both hsa-miR-193b-3p and hsa-miR-193b-5p are downregulated in meningiomas. Lower expression of hsa-miR-193b-3p and higher MIR193B methylation was observed in World Health Organization (WHO) grade (G) II/III tumors as compared to GI meningiomas. CCND1 mRNA was identified as a target of hsa-miR-193b-3p as further validated using luciferase reporter assay in IOMM-Lee meningioma cells. IOMM-Lee cells transfected with hsa-miR-193b-3p mimic showed a decreased cyclin D1 level and lower cell viability and proliferation, confirming the suppressive nature of this miRNA. Cyclin D1 protein expression (immunoreactivity) was higher in atypical than in benign meningiomas, accordingly to observations of lower hsa-miR-193b-3p levels in GII tumors. The commonly observed hypermethylation of MIR193B in meningiomas apparently contributes to the downregulation of hsa-miR-193b-3p. Since hsa-miR-193b-3p regulates proliferation of meningioma cells through negative regulation of cyclin D1 expression, it seems to be an important tumor suppressor in meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kober
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Joanna Mossakowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Rusetska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (R.K.)
| | - Szymon Baluszek
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Grecka
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Konopiński
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland (R.K.)
| | - Ewa Matyja
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Oziębło
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mandat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bujko
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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Li Z, Gao Y, Zhang J, Han L, Zhao H. DNA methylation meningioma biomarkers: attributes and limitations. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1182759. [PMID: 37492524 PMCID: PMC10365284 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1182759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningioma, one of the most common primary central nervous system tumors, are classified into three grades by the World Health Organization (WHO) based on histopathology. The gold-standard treatment, surgical resection, is hampered by issues such as incomplete resection in some cases and a high recurrence rate. Alongside genetic alterations, DNA methylation, plays a crucial role in progression of meningiomas in the occurrence and development of meningiomas. The epigenetic landscape of meningioma is instrumental in refining tumor classification, identifying robust molecular markers, determining prognosis, guiding treatment selection, and innovating new therapeutic strategies. Existing classifications lack comprehensive accuracy, and effective therapies are limited. Methylated DNA markers, exhibiting differential characteristics across varying meningioma grades, serve as invaluable diagnostic tools. Particularly, combinatorial methylated markers offer insights into meningioma pathogenesis, tissue origin, subtype classification, and clinical outcomes. This review integrates current research to highlight some of the most promising DNA and promoter methylation markers employed in meningioma diagnostics. Despite their promise, the development and application of DNA methylation biomarkers for meningioma diagnosis and treatment are still in their infancy, with only a handful of DNA methylation inhibitors currently clinically employed for meningioma treatment. Future studies are essential to validate these markers and ascertain their clinical utility. Combinatorial methylated DNA markers for meningiomas have broad implications for understanding tumor development and progression, signaling a paradigm shift in therapeutic strategies for meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yufei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinnan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Prognostic significance of telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter gen mutations in high grade meningiomas. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2022; 42:574-590. [PMID: 36511679 PMCID: PMC9792127 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Mutations in the promoter region of telomerase reverse transcriptase occur frequently in meningiomas.
Objective: To estimate the prognostic importance of telomerase reverse transcriptase mutations in Colombian patients with grades II and III meningioma.
Materials and methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with refractory or recurrent WHO grades II and III meningiomas, recruited between 2011 and 2018, and treated with systemic therapy (sunitinib, everolimus ± octreotide, and bevacizumab). Mutation status of the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter was established by PCR.
Results: Forty patients were included, of which telomerase reverse transcriptase mutations were found in 21 (52.5%), being C228T and C250T the most frequent variants with 87.5 % and 14.3 %, respectively. These were more frequent among patients with anaplastic meningiomas (p=0.18), with more than 2 recurrences (p=0.04); and in patients with parasagittal region and anterior fossa lesions (p=0.05). Subjects characterized as having punctual mutations were more frequently administered with everolimus, sunitinib and bevacizumab drug series (p=0.06). Overall survival was 23.7 months (CI95% 13.1-34.2) and 43.4 months (CI95% 37.5-49.3; p=0.0001) between subjects with and without mutations, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of recurrences and the presence of telomerase reverse transcriptase mutations were tthe only variables that negatively affected overall survival.
Conclusions: Mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase allows the identification of high-risk patients and could be useful in the selection of the best medical treatment.
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Tustumi F, Agareno GA, Galletti RP, da Silva RBR, Quintas JG, Sesconetto LDA, Szor DJ, Wolosker N. The Role of the Heat-Shock Proteins in Esophagogastric Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172664. [PMID: 36078072 PMCID: PMC9454628 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins that have received considerable attention over the last several years. They have been classified into six prominent families: high-molecular-mass HSP, 90, 70, 60, 40, and small heat shock proteins. HSPs participate in protein folding, stability, and maturation of several proteins during stress, such as in heat, oxidative stress, fever, and inflammation. Due to the immunogenic host’s role in the combat against cancer cells and the role of the inflammation in the cancer control or progression, abnormal expression of these proteins has been associated with many types of cancer, including esophagogastric cancer. This study aims to review all the evidence concerning the role of HSPs in the pathogenesis and prognosis of esophagogastric cancer and their potential role in future treatment options. This narrative review gathers scientific evidence concerning HSPs in relation to esophagus and gastric cancer. All esophagogastric cancer subtypes are included. The role of HSPs in carcinogenesis, prognostication, and therapy for esophagogastric cancer are discussed. The main topics covered are premalignant conditions for gastric cancer atrophic gastritis, Barrett esophagus, and some viral infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). HSPs represent new perspectives on the development, prognostication, and treatment of esophagogastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tustumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriel Andrade Agareno
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Purchio Galletti
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Benjamim Rosa da Silva
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Grams Quintas
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Abreu Sesconetto
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel José Szor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Wolosker
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
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Okano A, Miyawaki S, Teranishi Y, Ohara K, Hongo H, Sakai Y, Ishigami D, Nakatomi H, Saito N. Advances in Molecular Biological and Translational Studies in World Health Organization Grades 2 and 3 Meningiomas: A Literature Review. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2022; 62:347-360. [PMID: 35871574 PMCID: PMC9464479 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of World Health Organization (WHO) grades 2 and 3 meningiomas remains difficult and controversial. The pathogenesis of high-grade meningiomas was expected to be elucidated to improve treatment strategies. The molecular biology of meningiomas has been clarified in recent years. High-grade meningiomas have been linked to NF2 mutations and 22q deletion. CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion and TERT promoter mutations are independent prognostic factors for WHO grade 3 meningiomas. In addition to 22q loss, 1p, 14p, and 9q loss have been linked to high-grade meningiomas. Meningiomas enriched in copy number alterations may be biologically invasive. Furthermore, several new comprehensive classifications of meningiomas have been proposed based on these molecular biological features, including DNA methylation status. The new classifications may have implications for treatment strategies for refractory aggressive meningiomas because they provide a more accurate prognosis compared to the conventional WHO classification. Although several systemic therapies, including molecular targeted therapies, may be effective in treating refractory aggressive meningiomas, these drugs are being tested. Systemic drug therapy for meningioma is expected to be developed in the future. Thus, this review aims to discuss the distinct genomic alterations observed in WHO grade 2 and 3 meningiomas, as well as their diagnostic and therapeutic implications and systemic drug therapies for high-grade meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Satoru Miyawaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yu Teranishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kenta Ohara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroki Hongo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yu Sakai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Daiichiro Ishigami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hirofumi Nakatomi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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The genomic and transcriptional landscape of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2558. [PMID: 35538064 PMCID: PMC9091224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (PCNSL) are mainly diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) confined to the central nervous system (CNS). Molecular drivers of PCNSL have not been fully elucidated. Here, we profile and compare the whole-genome and transcriptome landscape of 51 CNS lymphomas (CNSL) to 39 follicular lymphoma and 36 DLBCL cases outside the CNS. We find recurrent mutations in JAK-STAT, NFkB, and B-cell receptor signaling pathways, including hallmark mutations in MYD88 L265P (67%) and CD79B (63%), and CDKN2A deletions (83%). PCNSLs exhibit significantly more focal deletions of HLA-D (6p21) locus as a potential mechanism of immune evasion. Mutational signatures correlating with DNA replication and mitosis are significantly enriched in PCNSL. TERT gene expression is significantly higher in PCNSL compared to activated B-cell (ABC)-DLBCL. Transcriptome analysis clearly distinguishes PCNSL and systemic DLBCL into distinct molecular subtypes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)+ CNSL cases lack recurrent mutational hotspots apart from IG and HLA-DRB loci. We show that PCNSL can be clearly distinguished from DLBCL, having distinct expression profiles, IG expression and translocation patterns, as well as specific combinations of genetic alterations.
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The overexpression of Tipe2 in CRC cells suppresses survival while endogenous Tipe2 accelerates AOM/DSS induced-tumor initiation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1001. [PMID: 34702807 PMCID: PMC8548391 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural and progressive process characterized by an increased frequency of age-related diseases such as cancer. But its mechanism is unclear. TNFAIP8L2 (Tipe2) is an important negative regulator for homeostasis through inhibiting TLR and TCR signaling. Our work reveals that Tipe2 might have dual function by regulating senescence. One side, the overexpression of Tipe2 in CRC cells could induce typical senescent phenotype, especially exposure to oxidative stress. Tipe2 inhibits telomerase activity by regulating c-Myc and c-Est-2 binding to the hTERT promotor. Interestingly, Tipe2 KO mice treated with D-Gal showed a less serious inverse of CD4:CD8 ratio, a lower percentage of Treg compared to WT. Besides, Tipe2 KO mice were more tolerant to the initiation of AOM/DSS-induced CRC, accompanied by a lower level of Treg within IEL. Therefore, specific antibodies against CD25 effectively ameliorate tumorigenesis. These data suggest strongly that the overexpressed Tipe2 suppresses tumor cells proliferation and survival, but endogenous Tipe2 promotes the initiation of tumorigenesis when exposure to dangerous environment such as AOM/DSS-related inflammation.
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10
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Mellai M, Porrini Prandini O, Mustaccia A, Fogazzi V, Allesina M, Krengli M, Boldorini R. Human TERT Promoter Mutations in Atypical and Anaplastic Meningiomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091624. [PMID: 34573966 PMCID: PMC8469948 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene promoter mutations (pTERT) in atypical and anaplastic meningiomas remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate their impact on the histologic diagnosis and prognosis in a retrospective series of 74 patients with atypical and anaplastic meningioma, including disease progression and relapse. A supplementary panel of 21 benign tumours was used as a control cohort. Materials and Methods: The mutation rate of the pTERT gene was assessed by Sanger sequencing. ATRX protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. The phenotypic and genotypic intra-tumour heterogeneity was studied in a sub-group of 12 cases using a Molecular Machines & Industries (MMI) CellCut laser microdissection (LMD) system. Results: pTERT mutations were detected in 12/74 (17.6%) malignant meningiomas. The mutation rate was significantly higher in anaplastic meningiomas (7/23, 30.4%) compared to atypical tumours (5/48, 10.4%) (p = 0.0443). In contrast, the mutation rate was < 5% in benign tumours. All pTERT mutant cases retained nuclear ATRX immunoreactivity. pTERT mutations were significantly associated with the histologic grade (p = 0.0443) and were adverse prognostic factors for anaplastic tumours (p = 0.06). Conclusion: We reported on the pTERT mutation spectrum in malignant meningiomas, supporting their use in the prognostic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mellai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (O.P.P.); (A.M.); (V.F.); (M.A.); (R.B.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Traslazionale Sulle Malattie Autoimmuni & Allergiche (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15A, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-660-834
| | - Omar Porrini Prandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (O.P.P.); (A.M.); (V.F.); (M.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Aurora Mustaccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (O.P.P.); (A.M.); (V.F.); (M.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Valentina Fogazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (O.P.P.); (A.M.); (V.F.); (M.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Marta Allesina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (O.P.P.); (A.M.); (V.F.); (M.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Marco Krengli
- Unità di Radioterapia, Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Unità di Radioterapia Oncologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (O.P.P.); (A.M.); (V.F.); (M.A.); (R.B.)
- Unità di Patologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
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11
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Ricci C, Morandi L, Ambrosi F, Righi A, Gibertoni D, Maletta F, Agostinelli C, Corradini AG, Uccella S, Asioli S, Sessa F, La Rosa S, Papotti MG, Asioli S. Intron 4-5 hTERT DNA Hypermethylation in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Frequency, Association with Other Clinico-pathological Features and Prognostic Relevance. Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:385-395. [PMID: 33909215 PMCID: PMC8370894 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-021-09669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation, mainly affecting elderly population or immunocompromised individuals. As methylation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (mhTERT) has been shown to be a prognostic factor in different tumors, we investigated its role in MCC, in particular in intron 4-5 where rs10069690 has been mapped and recognized as a cancer susceptibility locus. DNA methylation analysis of hTERT gene was assessed retrospectively in a cohort of 69 MCC patients from the University of Bologna, University of Turin and University of Insubria. Overall mortality was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Royston-Parmar models. High levels of mhTERT (mhTERThigh) (HR = 2.500, p = 0.015) and p63 (HR = 2.659, p = 0.016) were the only two clinico-pathological features significantly associated with a higher overall mortality at the multivariate analysis. We did not find different levels of mhTERT between MCPyV (+) and (-) cases (21 vs 14, p = 0.554); furthermore, mhTERThigh was strongly associated with older age (80.5 vs 72 years, p = 0.026), no angioinvasion (40.7% vs 71.0%, p = 0.015), lower Ki67 (50 vs 70%, p = 0.005), and PD-L1 expressions in both tumor (0 vs 3%, p = 0.021) and immune cells (0 vs 10%, p = 0.002). mhTERT is a frequently involved epigenetic mechanism and a relevant prognostic factor in MCC. In addition, it belongs to the shared oncogenic pathways of MCC (MCPyV and UV-radiations) and it could be crucial, together with other epigenetic and genetic mechanisms as gene amplification, in determining the final levels of hTERT mRNA and telomerase activity in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Functional MR Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Righi
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dino Gibertoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Unit of Hygiene and Biostatistics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Maletta
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Haematopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Gianluca Corradini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Functional MR Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Uccella
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Asioli
- Unit of Pathology, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, 47121, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Giulio Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Città Della Salute Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) Surgical Pathology Section- Alma Mater Studiorum , University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy.
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12
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Zhang B, Yang S, Wang J. Circ_0084615 is an oncogenic circular RNA in colorectal cancer and promotes DNMT3A expression via repressing miR-599. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153494. [PMID: 34091391 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in modulating cancer progression, exerting a pro- or anti-cancer effect. This work is aimed to probe the biological function of circ_0084615 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Circ_0084615 was selected from two circRNA microarray datasets (GSE138589 and GSE142837). Circ_0084615, microRNA (miR)-599 and DNA methyltransferases 3A (DNMT3A) mRNA expression in CRC tissues and cell lines were examined by qRT-PCR. The relationship between circ_0084615 expression level and clinical features were analyzed with chi-square test. Circ_0084615 knockdown model was constructed by siRNA in two CRC cell lines. The biological functions of circ_0084615 in CRC cells were evaluated by CCK-8 and Transwell experiments. The effect of circ_0084615 on CRC cell metastasis in vivo was examined with lung metastasis model of nude mice. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine whether circ_0084615 and miR-599, and miR-599 and DNMT3A interacted with each other. Western blot was employed to examine the regulatory effects of circ_0084615 and miR-599 on DNMT3A protein expression in CRC cells. RESULTS Circ_0084615 was up-regulated in CRC and was correlated with poor overall survival rate and advanced clinical stage of CRC patients. Functional assays validated that depletion of circ_0084615 impeded CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Circ_0084615 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-599 to repress its expression. DNMT3A was a downstream target of miR-599. Functional compensation experiments showed that miR-599 inhibitors partially counteracted the the biological effects of silencing circ_0084615 on CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS Circ_0084615 is a tumor-promoting circRNA in CRC that functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate DNMT3A expression via sponging miR-599. Our research provides a potential therapeutic target for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogen Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, No. 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Lai FJ, Yu H, Xie YY, He N. Circ_0000317/microRNA-520g/HOXD10 axis affects the biological characteristics of colorectal cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:951-963. [PMID: 34292663 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that are widely expressed in cancer tissues and play a pro- or anticancer role in modulating cancer progression. This work is aimed to probe the biological role of circ_0000317 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its underlying mechanism. Circ_0000317 was selected from the circRNA microarray datasets (GSE121895). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to examine circ_0000317, microRNA (miR)-520g, and homeobox D10 (HOXD10) mRNA expression in CRC. Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell experiments were conducted to examine the effects of circ_0000317 on proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. Bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments were implemented to predict and validate the targeting relationship between circ_0000317 and miR-520g, miR-520g, and HOXD10. Western blot was employed to examine HOXD10 expression at protein level in CRC cells. Circ_0000317 and HOXD10 mRNA expression were unveiled to be down-modulated and miR-520g expression was up-modulated in CRC. Functionally, circ_0000317 overexpression repressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, miR-520g was a direct target of circ_0000317 and miR-520g specifically modulated HOXD10 expression. Furthermore, miR-520g mimics partially counteracted the suppressing effect of circ_0000317 on malignant phenotype of CRC cells. Circ_0000317 represses CRC progression by targeting miR-520g and modulating HOXD10 expression. Hence, circ_0000317 may be a promising diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ji Lai
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang-Yang Xie
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning He
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Tumor HIFU Therapy, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Zhao X, Wang J, Deng Y, Liao L, Zhou M, Peng C, Li Y. Quercetin as a protective agent for liver diseases: A comprehensive descriptive review of the molecular mechanism. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4727-4747. [PMID: 34159683 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is the major representative of the flavonoid subgroup of flavones, with good pharmacological activities for the treatment of liver diseases, including liver steatosis, fatty hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. It can significantly influence the development of liver diseases via multiple targets and multiple pathways via antifat accumulation, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, as well as the inhibition of cellular apoptosis and proliferation. Despite extensive research on understanding the mechanism of quercetin in the treatment of liver diseases, there are still no targeted therapies available. Thus, we have comprehensively searched and summarized the different targets of quercetin in different stages of liver diseases and concluded that quercetin inhibited inflammation of the liver mainly through NF-κB/TLR/NLRP3, reduced PI3K/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress, mTOR activation in autophagy, and inhibited the expression of apoptotic factors associated with the development of liver diseases. In addition, quercetin showed different mechanisms of action at different stages of liver diseases, including the regulation of PPAR, UCP, and PLIN2-related factors via brown fat activation in liver steatosis. The compound inhibited stromal ECM deposition at the liver fibrosis stage, affecting TGF1β, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs), and apoptosis. While at the final liver cancer stage, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and spread via the hTERT, MEK1/ERK1/2, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, quercetin is an effective liver protectant. We hope to explore the pathogenesis of quercetin in different stages of liver diseases through the review, so as to provide more accurate targets and theoretical basis for further research of quercetin in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss recent advances in the meningioma biology and their clinical implications. RECENT FINDINGS Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Mostly benign, 20% of cases display an aggressive behavior despite best standard of care. The genetic landscape of meningiomas is divided according to NF2 mutational status. Although about 60% of meningiomas display NF2 mutations, the other share is more heterogenous. Mutations in TRAF7, SMO, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1), PI3KCA and KLF4 are seen mostly in WHO grade 1 meningiomas. In higher grade meningiomas, mutations of the TERT promoter and deletions of CDKN2A/B emerge and have prognostic value. Moreover, mutations in DMD, BAP1 and PBRM1 have recently been discovered and are being further explored. DNA methylation subgroups offer valuable insight into meningioma prognosis and its implementation in clinical setting is under evaluation. Moreover, the study of distinct meningioma populations such as radiation-induced meningioma and progestin-associated meningioma may provide further insight into meningioma oncogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. SUMMARY The mutational landscape of meningioma has expanded following the use of the new genetic sequencing approaches. Novel mutations have been characterized and reveal their prognostic and therapeutic applications. This improved understanding of meningioma biology has promising implications for novel treatment strategies.
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16
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Shin I, Park YW, Ahn SS, Kang SG, Chang JH, Kim SH, Lee SK. Clinical and diffusion parameters may noninvasively predict TERT promoter mutation status in grade II meningiomas. J Neuroradiol 2021; 49:59-65. [PMID: 33716047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increasing evidence suggests that genomic and molecular markers need to be integrated in grading of meningioma. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) mutation is receiving attention due to its clinical relevance in the treatment of meningiomas. The predictive ability of conventional and diffusion MRI parameters for determining the TERTp mutation status in grade II meningiomas has yet been identified. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 63 patients with surgically confirmed grade II meningiomas (56 TERTp wildtype, 7 TERTp mutant) were included. Conventional imaging features were qualitatively assessed. The maximum diameter, volume of the tumors and histogram parameters from the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were assessed. Independent clinical and imaging risk factors for TERTp mutation were investigated using multivariable logistic regression. The discriminative value of the prediction models with and without imaging features was evaluated. RESULTS In the univariable regression, older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, P = 0.005), larger maximum diameter (OR = 1.09, P = 0.023), larger volume (OR = 1.04, P = 0.014), lower mean ADC (OR = 0.02, P = 0.025), and lower ADC 10th percentile (OR = 0.01, P = 0.014) were predictors of TERTp mutation. In multivariable regression, age (OR = 1.13, P = 0.009) and ADC 10th percentile (OR = 0.01, P = 0.038) were independent predictors of variables for predicting the TERTp mutation status. The performance of the prediction model increased upon inclusion of imaging parameters (area under the curves of 0.86 and 0.91, respectively, without and with imaging parameters). CONCLUSION Older age and lower ADC 10th percentile may be useful parameters to predict TERTp mutation in grade II meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilah Shin
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yae Won Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Stögbauer L, Thomas C, Wagner A, Warneke N, Bunk EC, Grauer O, Canisius J, Paulus W, Stummer W, Senner V, Brokinkel B. Efficacy of decitabine in malignant meningioma cells: relation to promoter demethylation of distinct tumor suppressor and oncogenes and independence from TERT. J Neurosurg 2020; 135:845-854. [PMID: 33307532 DOI: 10.3171/2020.7.jns193097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemotherapeutic options for meningiomas refractory to surgery or irradiation are largely unknown. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter methylation with subsequent TERT expression and telomerase activity, key features in oncogenesis, are found in most high-grade meningiomas. Therefore, the authors investigated the impact of the demethylating agent decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) on survival and DNA methylation in meningioma cells. METHODS hTERT promoter methylation, telomerase activity, TERT expression, and cell viability and proliferation were investigated prior to and after incubation with decitabine in two benign (HBL-52 and Ben-Men 1) and one malignant (IOMM-Lee) meningioma cell line. The global effects of decitabine on DNA methylation were additionally explored with DNA methylation profiling. RESULTS High levels of TERT expression, telomerase activity, and hTERT promoter methylation were found in IOMM-Lee and Ben-Men 1 but not in HBL-52 cells. Decitabine induced a dose-dependent significant decrease of proliferation and viability after incubation with doses from 1 to 10 μM in IOMM-Lee but not in HBL-52 or Ben-Men 1 cells. However, effects in IOMM-Lee cells were not related to TERT expression, telomerase activity, or hTERT promoter methylation. Genome-wide methylation analyses revealed distinct demethylation of 14 DNA regions after drug administration in the decitabine-sensitive IOMM-Lee but not in the decitabine-resistant HBL-52 cells. Differentially methylated regions covered promoter regions of 11 genes, including several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that to the authors' knowledge have not yet been described in meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS Decitabine decreases proliferation and viability in high-grade but not in benign meningioma cell lines. The effects of decitabine are TERT independent but related to DNA methylation changes of promoters of distinct tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oliver Grauer
- 3Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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18
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Zhai G, Li J, Zheng J, An P, Chen X, Wang X, Li C. hTERT promoter methylation promotes small cell lung cancer progression and radiotherapy resistance. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:674-683. [PMID: 32761059 PMCID: PMC7482169 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been a devastating actuality in clinic and the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease remain unclear. The epigenetic alterations located in the promoter region of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) have been demonstrated as one of the most prevalent non-coding genomic modifications in multiple cancers. However, alteration of hTERT promoter methylation in SCLC and the subsequently induced change in tumor cell behavior remains unclear. In this research, we hypothesized that abnormal methylation of hTERT promotor enhanced the progression of SCLC and the outcome of radiotherapy resistance. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot assays were performed to evaluate the RNA and protein levels of hTERT and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), respectively. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to estimate the viability and X-ray sensitivity of H20 and H446 cell lines. Functionally, upregulation of hTERT promoted the proliferation and migration of H20 and H446 cells, and the high-level of methylation in the promoter region of hTERT induced by radiation caused radio-resistance in SCLC. Mechanically, methylation of hTERT promoter enhanced the progression and radio-resistance of SCLC through upregulating the expression of its downstream effector EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Zhai
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Tumor Hospital of Shandong Province, No. 440 of Jiyan Road, Ji’nan 255000, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Central Hospital of Zibo of Shandong Province, No. 54 of Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo 255022, Shandong, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Tumor Hospital of Shandong Province, No. 440 of Jiyan Road, Ji’nan 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianbo Zheng
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Central Hospital of Zibo of Shandong Province, No. 54 of Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo 255022, Shandong, China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East, No. 222 West Third Road Around Lake, Nanhui New City Town, Pudong District, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zibo of Shandong Province, No. 11 of Xingyuan East Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo 255022, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fourth People’s Hospital of Zibo of Shandong Province, No. 119 of Shanquan Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo 255022, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanzhao Li
- Department of General Medicine, the Central Hospital of Zibo of Shandong Province, No. 54 of Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo 255022, Shandong, China
- Corresponding author. Department of General Medicine, the Central Hospital of Zibo of Shandong Province, No. 54 of Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo 255022, Shandong, China. Tel: 86-18678186986;
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19
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Predicting the risk of postoperative recurrence and high-grade histology in patients with intracranial meningiomas using routine preoperative MRI. Neurosurg Rev 2020; 44:1109-1117. [PMID: 32328854 PMCID: PMC8450214 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors for prediction of prognosis in meningiomas derivable from routine preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) remain elusive. Correlations of tumor and edema volume, disruption of the arachnoid layer, heterogeneity of contrast enhancement, enhancement of the capsule, T2-intensity, tumor shape, and calcifications on pMRI with tumor recurrence and high-grade (WHO grade II/III) histology were analyzed in 565 patients who underwent surgery for WHO grade I (N = 516, 91%) or II/III (high-grade histology, N = 49, 9%) meningioma between 1991 and 2018. Edema volume (OR, 1.00; p = 0.003), heterogeneous contrast enhancement (OR, 3.10; p < 0.001), and an irregular shape (OR, 2.16; p = 0.015) were associated with high-grade histology. Multivariate analyses confirmed edema volume (OR, 1.00; p = 0.037) and heterogeneous contrast enhancement (OR, 2.51; p = 0.014) as risk factors for high-grade histology. Tumor volume (HR, 1.01; p = 0.045), disruption of the arachnoid layer (HR, 2.50; p = 0.003), heterogeneous contrast enhancement (HR, 2.05; p = 0.007), and an irregular tumor shape (HR, 2.57; p = 0.001) were correlated with recurrence. Multivariate analyses confirmed tumor volume (HR, 1.01; p = 0.032) and disruption of the arachnoid layer (HR, 2.44; p = 0.013) as risk factors for recurrence, independent of histology. Subgroup analyses revealed disruption of the arachnoid layer (HR, 9.41; p < 0.001) as a stronger risk factor for recurrence than high-grade histology (HR, 5.15; p = 0.001). Routine pMRI contains relevant information about the risk of recurrence or high-grade histology of meningioma patients. Loss of integrity of the arachnoid layer on MRI had a higher prognostic value than the WHO grading, and underlying histological or molecular alterations remain to be determined.
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Peetz-Dienhart S, Spille DC, Sporns PB, Adeli A, Bunk EC, Wagner A, Paulus W, Stummer W, Hess K, Brokinkel B. Letter: Parasagittal/Falcine Tumor Location Strongly Predicts Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Promoter Mutations in High-Grade Meningiomas. Neurosurgery 2019; 86:E362-E365. [PMID: 31792502 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter B Sporns
- Institute for Clinical Radiology University Hospital Münster North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Alborz Adeli
- Institute for Clinical Radiology University Hospital Münster North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Eva Christine Bunk
- Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Münster North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Neuropathology University Hospital Münster North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Werner Paulus
- Institute of Neuropathology University Hospital Münster North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Münster North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Katharina Hess
- Institute of Neuropathology University Hospital Münster North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Benjamin Brokinkel
- Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Münster North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
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Molecular profiling predicts meningioma recurrence and reveals loss of DREAM complex repression in aggressive tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21715-21726. [PMID: 31591222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912858116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas account for one-third of all primary brain tumors. Although typically benign, about 20% of meningiomas are aggressive, and despite the rigor of the current histopathological classification system there remains considerable uncertainty in predicting tumor behavior. Here, we analyzed 160 tumors from all 3 World Health Organization (WHO) grades (I through III) using clinical, gene expression, and sequencing data. Unsupervised clustering analysis identified 3 molecular types (A, B, and C) that reliably predicted recurrence. These groups did not directly correlate with the WHO grading system, which classifies more than half of the tumors in the most aggressive molecular type as benign. Transcriptional and biochemical analyses revealed that aggressive meningiomas involve loss of the repressor function of the DREAM complex, which results in cell-cycle activation; only tumors in this category tend to recur after full resection. These findings should improve our ability to predict recurrence and develop targeted treatments for these clinically challenging tumors.
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Tani T, Eitsuka T, Katayama M, Nagamine T, Nakaya Y, Suzuki H, Kiyono T, Nakagawa K, Inoue-Murayama M, Onuma M, Fukuda T. Establishment of immortalized primary cell from the critically endangered Bonin flying fox (Pteropus pselaphon). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221364. [PMID: 31449544 PMCID: PMC6709887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bonin flying fox (Pteropus pselaphon) is one of the most critically endangered species of animals. The number of this species is estimated to be around 150; being classified at the top rank in the list by International Union of Animal Conservation. Our group previously showed that expression of CDK4, CYCLIN D1, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) efficiently induce immortalization of human, bovine, swine, monkey, and buffalo-derived cells. In this manuscript, we successfully established the primary cells from Bonin flying fox. We introduced CDK4, CYCLIN D1, and TERT into the primary cells. The established cells showed efficient expression of introduced genes at the protein level. Furthermore, the established cells were free from senescence, indicating it reached to immortalization. Moreover, we showed that interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer of Bonin flying fox derived cell into bovine embryo allowed the development of the embryo to 8 cell stages. Our established cell has the potential to contribute to species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tani
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Eitsuka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masafumi Katayama
- Wild life Genome Collaborative Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagamine
- Conservation & Animal Welfare Trust, Maehara, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakaya
- Conservation & Animal Welfare Trust, Maehara, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Suzuki
- Institute of Boninology, Chichijima, Ogasawara, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention and Department of Cell Culture Technology, National Cancer, Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TF); (MO); (TK)
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miho Inoue-Murayama
- Wild life Genome Collaborative Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Onuma
- Wild life Genome Collaborative Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Ecological Risk Assessment and Control Section, Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- * E-mail: (TF); (MO); (TK)
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Wild life Genome Collaborative Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate
- Soft-Path Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- * E-mail: (TF); (MO); (TK)
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Kuroi Y, Akagawa H, Shibuya M, Onda H, Maegawa T, Kasuya H. Identification of shared genomic aberrations between angiomatous and microcystic meningiomas. Neurooncol Adv 2019; 1:vdz028. [PMID: 32642661 PMCID: PMC7212863 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiomatous and microcytic meningiomas are classified as rare subtypes of grade I meningiomas by World Health Organization (WHO). They typically exhibit distinct histopathological features as indicated by their WHO titles; however, these angiomatous and microcystic features are often intermixed. Recently, angiomatous meningiomas were reported to show characteristic chromosomal polysomies unlike the other WHO grade I meningiomas. In the present study, we hypothesize that microcystic meningiomas share similar cytogenetic abnormalities with angiomatous meningioma. Methods We performed copy number analysis using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays for three angiomatous and eight microcystic meningiomas. Of these, three angiomatous and three microcystic meningiomas were also analyzed by whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing. Results We first analyzed three angiomatous and three microcystic meningiomas for which both frozen tissues and peripheral blood were accessible. Copy number analysis confirmed previously reported multiple polysomies in angiomatous meningiomas, which were entirely replicated in microcystic meningiomas when analyzed on different analytical platforms with five additional samples prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors. Polysomy of chromosome 5 was found in all cases, along with chromosome 6, 12, 17, 18, and 20 in more than half of the cases including both angiomatous and microcystic meningiomas. Furthermore, next generation sequencing did not reveal any distinctive somatic point mutations or differences in gene expression characterizing either angiomatous or microcystic meningiomas, indicating a common genetic mechanism underlying tumorigenesis. Conclusions Angiomatous and microcystic meningiomas have substantially similar genetic profiles represented by the characteristic patterns of multiple polysomies originating from chromosome 5 amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kuroi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Women's Medical University, Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (TIIMS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Akagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Women's Medical University, Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (TIIMS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibuya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan.,Central Laboratory, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Neurosurgery, Kofu Neurosurgical Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Women's Medical University, Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (TIIMS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kasuya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Women's Medical University, Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (TIIMS), Tokyo, Japan
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Telomerase-Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081823. [PMID: 31013796 PMCID: PMC6515163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase, an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of telomeres, is activated in many cancer cells and is involved in the maintenance of telomeres. The activity of telomerase allows cancer cells to replicate and proliferate in an uncontrolled manner, to infiltrate tissue, and to metastasize to distant organs. Studies to date have examined the mechanisms involved in the survival of cancer cells as targets for cancer therapeutics. These efforts led to the development of telomerase inhibitors as anticancer drugs, drugs targeting telomere DNA, viral vectors carrying a promoter for human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) genome, and immunotherapy targeting hTERT. Among these novel therapeutics, this review focuses on immunotherapy targeting hTERT and discusses the current evidence and future perspectives.
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