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Organ Patterning at the Shoot Apical Meristem (SAM): The Potential Role of the Vascular System. Symmetry (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin, which is transported in the outermost cell layer, is one of the major players involved in plant organ initiation and positioning at the shoot apical meristem (SAM). However, recent studies have recognized the role of putative internal signals as an important factor collaborating with the well-described superficial pathway of organogenesis regulation. Different internal signals have been proposed; however, their nature and transport route have not been precisely determined. Therefore, in this mini-review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the auxin-dependent regulation of organ positioning at the SAM and to discuss the vascular system as a potential route for internal signals. In addition, as regular organ patterning is a universal phenomenon, we focus on the role of the vasculature in this process in the major lineages of land plants, i.e., bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
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Sadamitsu A, Inoue Y, Sakakibara K, Tsubota H, Yamaguchi T, Deguchi H, Nishiyama T, Shimamura M. The complete plastid genome sequence of the enigmatic moss, Takakia lepidozioides (Takakiopsida, Bryophyta): evolutionary perspectives on the largest collection of genes in mosses and the intensive RNA editing. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:431-449. [PMID: 34817767 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Complete chloroplast genome sequence of a moss, Takakia lepidozioides (Takakiopsida) is reported. The largest collection of genes in mosses and the intensive RNA editing were discussed from evolutionary perspectives. We assembled the entire plastid genome sequence of Takakia lepidozioides (Takakiopsida), emerging from the first phylogenetic split among extant mosses. The genome sequences were assembled into a circular molecule 149,016 bp in length, with a quadripartite structure comprising a large and a small single-copy region separated by inverted repeats. It contained 88 genes coding for proteins, 32 for tRNA, four for rRNA, two open reading frames, and at least one pseudogene (tufA). This is the largest number of genes of all sequenced plastid genomes in mosses and Takakia is the only moss that retains the seven coding genes ccsA, cysA, cysT, petN rpoA, rps16 and trnPGGG. Parsimonious interpretation of gene loss suggests that the last common ancestor of bryophytes had all seven genes and that mosses lost at least three of them during their diversification. Analyses of the plastid transcriptome identified the extraordinary frequency of RNA editing with more than 1100 sites. We indicated a close correlation between the monoplastidy of vegetative tissue and the intensive RNA editing sites in the plastid genome in land plant lineages. Here, we proposed a hypothesis that the small population size of plastids in each vegetative cell of some early diverging land plants, including Takakia, might cause the frequent fixation of mutations in plastid genome through the intracellular genetic drift and that deleterious mutations might be continuously compensated by RNA editing during or following transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sadamitsu
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yuya Inoue
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
- Hattori Botanical Laboratory, 6-1-26 Obi, Nichinan, Miyazaki, 889-2535, Japan
| | - Keiko Sakakibara
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tsubota
- Miyajima Natural Botanical Garden, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1156-2, Mitsumaruko-yama, Miyajima-cho, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0543, Japan
| | - Tomio Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hironori Deguchi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishiyama
- Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
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Lin W, Wang Y, Coudert Y, Kierzkowski D. Leaf Morphogenesis: Insights From the Moss Physcomitrium patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:736212. [PMID: 34630486 PMCID: PMC8494982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.736212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Specialized photosynthetic organs have appeared several times independently during the evolution of land plants. Phyllids, the leaf-like organs of bryophytes such as mosses or leafy liverworts, display a simple morphology, with a small number of cells and cell types and lack typical vascular tissue which contrasts greatly with flowering plants. Despite this, the leaf structures of these two plant types share many morphological characteristics. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of leaf morphogenesis in the model moss Physcomitrium patens, focusing on the underlying cellular patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms. We discuss this knowledge in an evolutionary context and identify parallels between moss and flowering plant leaf development. Finally, we propose potential research directions that may help to answer fundamental questions in plant development using moss leaves as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenye Lin
- IRBV, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yoan Coudert
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRIA, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Kierzkowski
- IRBV, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Yin X, Kitazawa MS. Beyond Fibonacci patterns and the golden angle: phyllotactic variations and their cellular origin. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:369-371. [PMID: 33909170 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Miho S Kitazawa
- Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka University, 1-16 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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