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Homa M, Ibragimova S, Szebenyi C, Nagy G, Zsindely N, Bodai L, Vágvölgyi C, Nagy G, Papp T. Differential Gene Expression of Mucor lusitanicus under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040404. [PMID: 35448635 PMCID: PMC9031258 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucor lusitanicus and some other members of the fungal order Mucorales display the phenomenon of morphological dimorphism. This means that these fungi aerobically produce filamentous hyphae, developing a coenocytic mycelium, but they grow in a multipolar yeast-like form under anaerobiosis. Revealing the molecular mechanism of the reversible yeast-hyphal transition can be interesting for both the biotechnological application and in the understanding of the pathomechanism of mucormycosis. In the present study, transcriptomic analyses were carried out after cultivating the fungus either aerobically or anaerobically revealing significant changes in gene expression under the two conditions. In total, 539 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05, |log2FC| ≥ 3) were identified, including 190 upregulated and 349 downregulated transcripts. Within the metabolism-related genes, carbohydrate metabolism was proven to be especially affected. Anaerobiosis also affected the transcription of transporters: among the 14 up- and 42 downregulated transporters, several putative sugar transporters were detected. Moreover, a considerable number of transcripts related to amino acid transport and metabolism, lipid transport and metabolism, and energy production and conversion were proven to be downregulated when the culture had been transferred into an anaerobic atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Homa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (M.H.); (S.I.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (G.N.)
| | - Sandugash Ibragimova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (M.H.); (S.I.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (G.N.)
| | - Csilla Szebenyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (M.H.); (S.I.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (G.N.)
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (G.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Nóra Zsindely
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - László Bodai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (G.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (M.H.); (S.I.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (G.N.)
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (M.H.); (S.I.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (G.N.)
| | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (M.H.); (S.I.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (G.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Valle-Maldonado MI, Patiño-Medina JA, Pérez-Arques C, Reyes-Mares NY, Jácome-Galarza IE, Ortíz-Alvarado R, Vellanki S, Ramírez-Díaz MI, Lee SC, Garre V, Meza-Carmen V. The heterotrimeric G-protein beta subunit Gpb1 controls hyphal growth under low oxygen conditions through the protein kinase A pathway and is essential for virulence in the fungus Mucor circinelloides. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13236. [PMID: 32562333 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucor circinelloides, a dimorphic opportunistic pathogen, expresses three heterotrimeric G-protein beta subunits (Gpb1, Gpb2 and Gpb3). The Gpb1-encoding gene is up-regulated during mycelial growth compared with that in the spore or yeast stage. gpb1 deletion mutation analysis revealed its relevance for an adequate development during the dimorphic transition and for hyphal growth under low oxygen concentrations. Infection assays in mice indicated a phenotype with considerably reduced virulence and tissue invasiveness in the deletion mutants (Δgpb1) and decreased host inflammatory response. This finding could be attributed to the reduced filamentous growth in animal tissues compared with that of the wild-type strain. Mutation in a regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) subunit (PkaR1) resulted in similar phenotypes to Δgpb1. The defects exhibited by the Δgpb1 strain were genetically suppressed by pkaR1 overexpression, indicating that the PKA pathway is controlled by Gpb1 in M. circinelloides. Moreover, during growth under low oxygen levels, cAMP levels were much higher in the Δgpb1 than in the wild-type strain, but similar to those in the ΔpkaR1 strain. These findings reveal that M. circinelloides possesses a signal transduction pathway through which the Gpb1 heterotrimeric G subunit and PkaR1 control mycelial growth in response to low oxygen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Iván Valle-Maldonado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Patiño-Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Arques
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nancy Yadira Reyes-Mares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Ortíz-Alvarado
- Facultad de Quimico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Sandeep Vellanki
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Martha Isela Ramírez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Soo Chan Lee
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Víctor Meza-Carmen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
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Moriwaki-Takano M, Iwakura R, Hoshino K. Dimorphic Mechanism on cAMP Mediated Signal Pathway in Mucor circinelloides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:1252-1265. [PMID: 32424738 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mucor circinelloides is a dimorphic fungus that is a non-pathogen strain belonging to zygomycetes. In this research, a part of hypothetical mechanism on yeast-like cell induction of M. circinelloides in CO2 atmosphere was reported from the viewpoint of gene expression. To explain the relation between the change and the expressions of some genes involved in morphological changes of the strain, these were analyzed on the filamentous and yeast cell by real-time qPCR. The compared genes were Nce103, Ras3, Cyr1, Pde, and Efg1 encoding carbonic anhydrase, GTPase, adenylate cyclase, phosphodiesterase, and elongation factor G1, respectively. In anaerobic grown yeast cell with 70%N2 + 30%CO2, the Nce103 and Ras3 gene expressions decreased to 24 h whereas that of the filamentous cell increased. However, a downstream gene of Cyr1 expression level in the yeast cell was higher than that of filamentous cell. A lower level of Pde in the yeast cell than that of the filamentous cell indicated intracellular cAMP accumulation. The actual cAMP in the yeast cell remained whereas that of the filamentous cell decreased with cultivation. The Efg1 expression level controlling hyphal elongation was suppressed in the yeast cell. The intracellular cAMP accumulation and Efg1 expression regulate hyphal elongation or yeast forming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Moriwaki-Takano
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ryo Iwakura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hoshino
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, Japan.
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BARRY D, WILLIAMS G. Microscopic characterisation of filamentous microbes: towards fully automated morphological quantification through image analysis. J Microsc 2011; 244:1-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2011.03506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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