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Gupta M, Choudhury B, Navani NK. Production and characterization of an organic solvent activated protease from haloalkaliphilic bacterium Halobiforma sp. strain BNMIITR. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25084. [PMID: 38314259 PMCID: PMC10837622 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
An unusual haloalkaliphilic bacterium known as Halobiforma sp. strain BNMIITR, which was noticed to produce an extracellular alkaline protease, was found in a soil sample from Northern India's Sambhar Lake. On the generation of protease, the effects of dietary elements including nitrogen and carbon sources, amino acids, and growth conditions like temperature and pH were investigated. When low-cost agricultural by-products were employed as nitrogen sources, the manufacturing of enzymes was significantly boosted. In the present study, protease production was enhanced by 2.94 fold and 2.17 fold. By solvent precipitation and Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) on Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Flow matrix, the enzyme was purified 31.67 fold. It was determined that the apparent molecular mass was 21 kDa. The pH range where the enzyme was most stable was 6.0-12.0, with a temperature of 50 °C as optimum. When there was alkaline earth metals and heavy metals, protease was discovered to be active. It was evident that the enzyme was a serine type of protease because it was active in the presence of a variety of surfactants, oxidizing and reducing chemicals, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) completely inhibited activity. Enzyme exhibited a wide range of substrate specificity. Amazingly, enzyme remained stable both in polar and nonpolar solvents. The most interesting aspect of this enzyme is enhanced activity in polar solvents like dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). It was discovered that the protease was stable and compatible with a number of widely available detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Gupta
- Botany Department, J. D. Women's College Patna, Bihar, 800023, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Bijan Choudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Navani
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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Fahmy NM, El-Deeb B. Optimization, partial purification, and characterization of a novel high molecular weight alkaline protease produced by Halobacillus sp. HAL1 using fish wastes as a substrate. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:48. [PMID: 37121925 PMCID: PMC10149429 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrolytic enzymes from halophilic microorganisms have a wide range of industrial applications. Herein, we report the isolation of Halobacillus sp. HAL1, a moderately halophilic bacterium that produces a novel high molecular weight extracellular alkaline protease when grown in fish processing wastes as a substrate. RESULTS Results showed that the isolated strain belonged to the genus Halobacillus, and it was designated as Halobacillus sp. HAL1 with the GenBank accession number OK001470. The strain secreted an extracellular alkaline protease, and the highest yield was obtained when it was grown in a medium with fish wastes substrate as the sole nutritional source (10 g/L) and incubated at 25 °C under shaking conditions. The enzyme was partially purified by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Zymographic analysis showed two casein degrading bands of about 190 and 250 KDa. The optimum enzyme activity was at a temperature of 50 °C at pH 8. The proteolytic activity was enhanced in the presence of metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+), surfactants (Tween 80, SDS, and Triton-X100), H2O2, and EDTA. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that Haobacillus sp. HAL1 is a moderately halophilic strain and secrets a novel high molecular wight alkaline protease that is suitable for detergent formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayer M Fahmy
- Marine Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Bahig El-Deeb
- Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Salem GEM, Azzam SM, Nasser MA, Malah TE, Abd El-Latief HM, Chavanich S, Khan RH, Anwar HM. Bacterial protease alleviate chronic liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide through suppression of hepatic stellate cells consequently decrease its proliferative index. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124243. [PMID: 37011746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In chronic liver diseases, liver fibrosis occurs due to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation. Approximately 2 million deaths occur yearly due to liver disease, while cirrhosis is the 11th most common cause of death. Therefore, newer compounds or biomolecules must be synthesized to treat chronic liver diseases. In this aspect, the present study focuses on the assessment of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant impact of Bacterial Protease (BP) produced by a new mutant strain of bacteria (Bacillus cereus S6-3/UM90) and 4,4'-(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene) bis (1-(3-ethoxy phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole) (DPET) in the treatment of early stage of liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA). Sixty male rats were divided into six groups, ten rats each as follows: (1) Control group, (2) BP group, (3) TAA group, (4) TAA-Silymarin (S) group, (5) TAA-BP group, and (6) TAA-DPET group. Liver fibrosis significantly elevated liver function ALT, AST, and ALP, as well as anti-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) and VEGF. The oxidative stress parameters (MDA, SOD, and NO) were significantly increased with a marked reduction in GSH. Expression of MAPK and MCP-1 was unregulated in the TAA group, with downregulation of Nrf2 was observed. TAA caused histopathological alterations associated with hepatic vacuolation and fibrosis, increasing collagen fibers and high immuno-expression of VEGF. On the other hand, treatment with BP successfully improved the severe effects of TAA on the liver and restored histological architecture. Our study concluded the protective potentials of BP for attenuating liver fibrosis and could be used as adjuvant therapy for treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Inflammatory Modulation of miR-155 Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Dysfunction via SIRT1/FOXO1 Pathway: Insight into the Role of Acacetin and Bacillus cereus Protease. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5196-5219. [PMID: 35715546 PMCID: PMC9587093 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that can disrupt testicular function leading to male infertility. This study examined the protective role of natural flavone, acacetin (ACA), and a protease of Bacillus cereus bacteria (B. cereus) as well as the potential role of miR-155/SIRT1/FOXO1 network in DOX-induced testicular injury. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups and treated as follows: Control, DOX (1 mg/kg, i.p) every other day for 21 days with a total dose equal to 10 mg/kg throughout the experiment, and pre-treated groups that received ACA (5 mg/kg/day, p.o) or B. cereus protease (36 mg/kg/day, p.o) for a week prior to DOX administration. DOX challenge reduced the testis weight coefficient, serum testosterone, and testicular 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD). DOX caused a significant increase in testicular oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers. Aberrant testicular miR-34c, a germ-specific miRNA, and miR-155 expressions were observed, along with decreased protein expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1) dependent forkhead box 1 (FOXO1) acetylation which induces apoptosis. Besides, abnormal histopathological architecture and a marked reduction in the testicular expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were observed. ACA or protease administration significantly improved the histopathological and immunohistochemical pictures compared with DOX alone and renovated testicular functions. Interestingly, treatment with protease was more significant than treatment with ACA in ameliorating DOX-induced testicular injury. Taken together, this study reveals the prophylactic role of these two regimens on male fertility by exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects against DOX-elicited testicular damage, possibly via modulating miR-155/SIRT1/FOXO1 network.
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Malik AD, Furtado IJ. Isolation of Halomicroarcula pellucida strain GUMF5, an archaeon from the Dead Sea-Israel possessing cellulase. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:26. [PMID: 35036274 PMCID: PMC8709806 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A strain designated GUMF5 was isolated in Goa-India from sediments of Dead Sea-Israel and identified as haloarchaeon Halomicroarcula pellucida based on 16S rRNA gene analysis similarity value of 99.84%. Strain GUMF5 grew on mineral salts medium with 20% NaCl and 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium (CMC-Na) as a sole source of carbon and produced haloextremozyme cellulase. The enzyme was concentrated using Sephadex G20, precipitated with ethanol, dialyzed and retentate purified using Sephadex G200, the size exclusion chromatography. A yield of 78.53% cellulase with an activity of 131.13 U/mg and 1.24-fold purity was obtained. The purified cellulase had optimum activity at 20% NaCl, at 40 ºC, 0.5% CMC-Na, pH 7 and 150 rpm. SDS-PAGE combined with zymographic analysis revealed the molecular weight of cellulase as 240 kDa, 40 kDa and 17.4 kDa. The activity of the enzyme was stimulated by metallic cations in the order of Ca+2 > Mn+2 > Mg+2 > SO4 2- > NH4 + and was inhibited by Ag+ > Fe+2 > Cu+2. Methanol and ethanol enhanced the cellulase activity by 6% and 26%, respectively. The haloextremozyme cellulase degraded Whatman No. 1 filter paper indicated in scanning electron micrographs, exposure of open pores and fibers without any intra connectivity corresponding to paperase activity and implicating the possible use of enzyme to bio-convert cellulosic waste. Conclusively, Halomicroarcula pellucida GUMF5 (Accession number: MH244431), globally, is the only Halomicroarcula pellucida isolated from the sediments of Dead Sea producing haloextremozyme cellulase, and hence is an important biotechnological resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha D. Malik
- Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa 403206 India
| | - Irene J. Furtado
- Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa 403206 India
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Chung D, Yu WJ, Lim JY, Kang NS, Kwon YM, Choi G, Bae SS, Cho K, Lee DS. Characterization of the Proteolytic Activity of a Halophilic Aspergillus reticulatus Strain SK1-1 Isolated from a Solar Saltern. Microorganisms 2021; 10:29. [PMID: 35056479 PMCID: PMC8781784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salterns are hypersaline environments that are inhabited by diverse halophilic microorganisms, including fungi. In this study, we isolated a fungal strain SK1-1 from a saltern in the Republic of Korea, which was identified as Asperillus reticulatus. This is the first reported saline-environment-derived A. reticulatus that belongs to the Aspergillus penicillioides clade and encompasses xerophilic fungi. SK1-1 was halophilic, obligately requiring NaCl for growth, with a maximum radial growth of 6%-9% (w/v) NaCl. To facilitate the biotechnological application of halophilic fungi, we screened the SK1-1 strain for proteolytic activity. Proteases have widespread applications in food processing, detergents, textiles, and waste treatment, and halophilic proteases can enable protein degradation in high salt environments. We assessed the proteolytic activity of the extracellular crude enzyme of SK1-1 using azocasein as a substrate. The crude protease exhibited maximum activity at 40-50 °C, pH 9.5-10.5, and in the absence of NaCl. It was also able to retain up to 69% of its maximum activity until 7% NaCl. Protease inhibitor assays showed complete inhibition of the proteolytic activity of crude enzymes by Pefabloc® SC. Our data suggest that the halophilic A. reticulatus strain SK1-1 produces an extracellular alkaline serine protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Chung
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Woon-Jong Yu
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Ji-Yeon Lim
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Nam-Seon Kang
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea;
| | - Yong-Min Kwon
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Grace Choi
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Seung-Sub Bae
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Kichul Cho
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
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Structural-genetic insight and optimization of protease production from a novel strain of Aeromonas veronii CMF, a gut isolate of Chrysomya megacephala. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2961-2977. [PMID: 33772325 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Structural-genetic characterization of protease producing genes and enzymes from microbial sources are seldom appreciated despite having its substantial utilization in protein engineering or genetic manipulation for biotechnological applications. Aeromonas veronii CMF, a mesophilic bacterium isolated from the gut of Chrysomya megacephala, was found to exhibited significant level of protease activity. For the revelation of genetic potential in relation to protease production, whole genome of this organism was sequenced and analysed while structure-function of different protease enzyme was predicated using various in silico analysis. The 4.5 mb CMF genome was found to encompass various types of protease and mostly they are neutral in nature. Enzyme production was highest in an optimum pH and temperature of 6.0 (32.09 ± 1.015 U/ml) and 35ºC (41.65 ± 1.152 U/ml), respectively. Other culture parameters for optimum production of protease were determined to be inoculum size (1%), incubation period (72 h), shaking condition (125 rpm), carbon and nitrogen source [2% lactose (92.21 ± 3.16 U/ml) and 0.5% urea (163.62 ± 4.31 U/ml), respectively] and effect of surfactants [0.02 mg/ml Tween 80 (174.72 ± 4.48 U/ml)]. Furthermore, A. veronii CMF exhibited significant enzyme production like serine protease (15.22 ± 0.563 U/ml), aspartate protease (33.16 ± 0.762 U/ml) and collagenase (17.26 ± 0.626 U/ml). Genomic information and results of physio-biochemical assays indicate its cost-effective potential use in different enzyme-industry.
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Ghoreishi FS, Roghanian R, Emtiazi G. Inhibition of quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors with natural substances and novel protease, obtained from Halobacillus karajensis. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104555. [PMID: 33010361 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, a challenge in clinical treatment has developed due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. One of the new mechanisms against infections is virulence factor inhibition. Many virulence factors are controlled by quorum sensing pathways such as biofilm formation and pyocyanin production. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of an obligate halophilic bacterial strain on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, due to its halo-tolerant substances and enzymes. METHODS The effect of Halobacillus karajensis on bacterial growth and production of virulence factors was studied in this work. The obligate halophile cells and supernatant fractions were extracted by the methanol/chloroform method and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and zymography. The effects of these fractions were studied on biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus as well as on pyocyanin production in P. aeruginosa. The effective protein in the fraction was analyzed by the SDS-PAGE method, and all protein fragments were studied for pyocyanin inhibition. RESULTS The crude supernatant extract, MMS fraction, from H. karajensis was effective for the biofilm reduction in S. aureus (74%) and P. aeruginosa (27%). Two proteases in this fraction, which were recognized by zymography on skim milk, were the probable causes for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) hydrolysis in the biofilm matrix. Also, halide crystals and branched fatty acids, 12methyl-tetradecanoic acid, in the other fractions decreased the biofilm by 18% in S. aureus. The results showed that a new 25 kD protein, which was obtained from MMS fraction, inhibited pyocyanin production by 60% in P. aeruginosa. The zymogram and bioinformatics studies showed that this protein was a serine alkaline metalloprotease and had an interaction with AHL molecules. CONCLUSION The inhibitory effects of the non-toxic natural substances and proteases on biofilm formation and pyocyanin production, specifically the 25 kD protease, are novel in this study and make them a good candidate for infected wound healing and inhibiting the virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh S Ghoreishi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Roghanian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Giti Emtiazi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Expression and functional study of VpV262 Pol, a moderately halophilic DNA polymerase from the Vibrio parahaemolyticus phage VpV262. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109588. [PMID: 32732037 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic organisms are found widely in environments where the salt concentration is higher than 0.2 M. Halophilic proteins isolated from these organisms maintain structural integrity and function under high salt stress, whereas their non-halophilic homologs tend to aggregate and collapse. Here we report for the first time the expression and function of a DNA polymerase (DNAPol) VpV262 Pol, which belongs to DNAPol Family A from Vibrio parahaemolyticus phage VpV262. Enzymatic activity assay revealed that VpV262 Pol possessed 5'-3' polymerase activity as well as 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease activity. VpV262 Pol requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ to catalyze the polymerization reaction. Polymerization activity assay under a wide range of salt concentrations showed that VpV262 Pol maintains the highest polymerase activity with 0-0.3 M of NaCl/KCl and 0-0.5 M KAc (potassium acetate) /KGlc (potassium gluconate) when treated with 0-1 M corresponding salts, in contrast to significantly decreased activity of Phi29 Pol and Taq Pol above 0.2 M. Consistent with typical features of other halophilic proteins, negatively-charged amino acids are more frequently distributed on the surface of VpV262 Pol, contributing to highly solubility and enhanced halotolerance. While 3D-Structure of VpV262 Pol needs to be confirmed by experimental data further, this study here has added a member for the relatively small family of halotolerant DNA polymerase, and provides a valuable reference in isolation and characterization of DNA polymerases from halophilic organisms.
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Gimenes NC, Silveira E, Tambourgi EB. An Overview of Proteases: Production, Downstream Processes and Industrial Applications. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2019.1677249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar Silveira
- Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Brazilian Savanna’s, Diversity Research Center, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Liu C, Baffoe DK, Zhan Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhang G. Halophile, an essential platform for bioproduction. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 166:105704. [PMID: 31494180 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology aims to compete as a stronger alternative ensuring environmental friendly microbial-based production that seeks to curb the predicament of pollution. However, the high cost of bioprocessing is a severe drawback, and therefore, new approaches must be developed to overcome this challenge. Halophiles have shown potentials of overcoming this challenge and are of much preference for unsterile and continuous contamination-free bioprocess due to their unique ability to grow under harsh environmental conditions. Recent advances in genetic manipulations have been established to better the performance of halophiles for industrial applications. Many researchers produced various products such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), ectoines, biosurfactants, and antioxidants using halophiles, and further efforts have been established to develop halophiles as the foundation for low-cost bioprocess. This paper provides a useful reference for researchers on the merits, drawbacks, achievements, and application of halophiles for bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Dennis Kingsley Baffoe
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yuanlong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Guocai Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
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Delgado-García M, Flores-Gallegos AC, Kirchmayr M, Rodríguez JA, Mateos-Díaz JC, Aguilar CN, Muller M, Camacho-Ruíz RM. Bioprospection of proteases from Halobacillus andaensis for bioactive peptide production from fish muscle protein. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Treves DS, Francis J, Kirchner G. Draft genome sequence of the moderately halophilic bacterium Halobacillus sp. BBL2006. Data Brief 2018; 21:2410-2413. [PMID: 30547067 PMCID: PMC6282633 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mokashe N, Chaudhari B, Patil U. Operative utility of salt-stable proteases of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria in the biotechnology sector. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:493-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Mohammadzadeh Rostami F, Shahsafi M. Evaluation and Isolation of Halophilic Bacteria from the Meyghan Lake in Arak, Iran. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.12.6.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Hakim A, Bhuiyan FR, Iqbal A, Emon TH, Ahmed J, Azad AK. Production and partial characterization of dehairing alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis AKAL7 and Exiguobacterium indicum AKAL11 by using organic municipal solid wastes. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00646. [PMID: 30009270 PMCID: PMC6042311 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline proteases have applications in numerous industries. In this study, we have isolated and screened proteolytic bacteria from poultry wastes mixed soil and identified two bacterial isolates as Bacillus subtilis AKAL7 and Exiguobacterium indicum AKAL11 based on 16S rDNA sequencing. Maximum level of protease production was achieved after 24 h of fermentation in a basal medium. The optimal temperature, initial pH of the media and agitation for alkaline protease production by these two isolates were 30 °C, pH 9.0 and 120 rpm, respectively. The both bacterial isolates produced maximum level of protease with 3.0% organic municipal solid wastes (OMSW) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen under previously optimized fermentation conditions. In comparison with the shake flask, protease production increased about 2.5-fold in the bioreactor with reduction in fermentation period. The partial purification of protease resulted in a final 45.67 and 34.86-fold purified protease with a specific activity of 8335.34 and 9918.91 U/mg protein and a typical yield of 9.75 and 9.41% from B. subtilis and E. indicum, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH of the partially purified protease from the both sources was 40 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. Protease from the both isolates was stable at pH 7.0-12.0 and at temperatures up to 50 °C. The effects of protease inhibitors indicated that the protease from B. subtilis might be serine and cysteine type and from E. indicum might be cysteine type. Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+ stimulated but Zn2+, Hg2+, Co2+ and Fe3+ strongly inhibited the protease activity. The partially purified protease from B. subtilis substantially dehaired cow skin and decomposed gelatinous compound from X-ray film. Our study revealed that OMSW can be used as raw material for production of bacterial extracellular protease and alkaline protease from B. subtilis might be potential for industrial and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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Satari Faghihi L, Seyedalipour B, Riazi G, Ahmady-Asbchin S. Introduction of Two Halo-Alkali-thermo-stable Biocatalysts: Purification and Characterization. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Yildirim V, Baltaci MO, Ozgencli I, Sisecioglu M, Adiguzel A, Adiguzel G. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable serine alkaline protease from Aeribacillus pallidus C10: a potential additive for detergents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:468-477. [PMID: 28097910 PMCID: PMC6010106 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1261131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An extracellular thermostable alkaline serine protease enzyme from Aeribacillus pallidus C10 (GenBank No: KC333049), was purified 4.85 and 17. 32-fold with a yield of 26.9 and 19.56%, respectively, through DE52 anion exchange and Probond affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme was determined through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), with approximately 38.35 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at pH 9 and at temperature 60 °C. It was determined that the enzyme had remained stable at the range of pH 7.0-10.0, and that it had preserved more than 80% of its activity at a broad temperature range (20-80 °C). The enzyme activity was found to retain more than 70% and 55% in the presence of organic solvents and commercial detergents, respectively. In addition, it was observed that the enzyme activity had increased in the presence of 5% SDS. KM and Vmax values were calculated as 0.197 mg/mL and 7.29 μmol.mL-1.min-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vildan Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkan Baltaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Ozgencli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Melda Sisecioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Adiguzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Adiguzel
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Gao R, Shi T, Liu X, Zhao M, Cui H, Yuan L. Purification and characterisation of a salt-stable protease from the halophilic archaeon Halogranum rubrum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1412-1419. [PMID: 27378532 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because proteases play an important role in the fermentation of fish sauce, the purification and characterisation of an extracellular protease from the halophilic archaeon Halogranum rubrum was investigated. RESULTS The molecular mass of the protease was estimated to be approximately 47 kDa based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE) and native-PAGE analysis. The optimum conditions for catalytic activity were pH 8.0 and 50°C. The protease showed alkaline stability (pH 7.0-10.0). The protease also exhibited novel catalytic ability over a broad range of salinity (NaCl 0-3 mol L-1 ). Calcium ion enhanced the proteolytic activity of the enzyme. The Km and Vmax values of the purified protease for casein were calculated to be 4.89 mg mL-1 and 1111.11 U mL-1 , respectively. The protease was strongly inhibited by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Meanwhile, the protease was stable in the presence of Triton X-100, isopropanol, ethanol or dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic (DTNB), but was inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or methanol. MALDI -TOF/TOF MS analysis revealed that the protease shared some functional traits with protease produced by Halogranum salarium. Furthermore, it exhibited high hydrolytic activity on silver carp myosin protein. CONCLUSION The protease is an alkaline and salt-tolerant enzyme that hydrolyses silver carp myosin with high efficiency. These excellent characteristics make this protease an attractive candidate for industrial use in low-salt fish sauce fermentation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Tong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Mengqin Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Henglin Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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Daoud L, Jlidi M, Hmani H, Hadj Brahim A, El Arbi M, Ben Ali M. Characterization of thermo-solvent stable protease fromHalobacillussp. CJ4 isolated from Chott Eldjerid hypersaline lake in Tunisia. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 57:104-113. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Daoud
- University of Sfax, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS); Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Engineering Enzymes LMBEE; Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mouna Jlidi
- University of Sfax, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS); Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Engineering Enzymes LMBEE; Sfax Tunisia
| | - Houda Hmani
- University of Sfax, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS); Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Engineering Enzymes LMBEE; Sfax Tunisia
| | - Adel Hadj Brahim
- University of Sfax, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS); Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Engineering Enzymes LMBEE; Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mahdi El Arbi
- University of Sfax, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS); Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Engineering Enzymes LMBEE; Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mamdouh Ben Ali
- University of Sfax, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS); Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Engineering Enzymes LMBEE; Sfax Tunisia
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Embaby AM, Saeed H, Hussein A. SHG10 keratinolytic alkaline protease fromBacillus licheniformisSHG10 DSM 28096: Robust stability and unusual non-cumbersome purification. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1317-1330. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira M. Embaby
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; Egypt
| | - Hesham Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; Egypt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas USA
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Halophilic Bacteria of Lunsu Produce an Array of Industrially Important Enzymes with Salt Tolerant Activity. Biochem Res Int 2016; 2016:9237418. [PMID: 26885394 PMCID: PMC4739476 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9237418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The halophilic bacterial isolates SS1, SS2, SS3, SS5, and SS8 were characterized for production of industrially important enzymes like amylase, protease, lipase, and glutaminase. Halophilic bacterial isolates SS1 and SS3 exhibited salt dependent extracellular amylase and protease activities. Both the halophilic isolates SS1 and SS3 exhibited maximum amylase and protease activities in the presence of 1.5 and 1.0 M NaCl, respectively, with the optimum pH 8 and temperature 40°C. SS2 showed maximum extracellular protease and lipase activities in the presence of 0.75 M NaCl, at optimum pH of 7, and temperature 37°C. The glutaminase activity of SS3 increased with increase in concentration of NaCl up to 2.5 M. The optimum pH and temperature for L-glutaminase activity of SS3 was 8 and 40°C, respectively. The combined hydrolytic activities of these halophilic bacterial isolates can be used for bioconversion of organic materials to useful products.
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Waditee-Sirisattha R, Kageyama H, Takabe T. Halophilic microorganism resources and their applications in industrial and environmental biotechnology. AIMS Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2016.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Mokashe N, Chaudhari A, Patil U. Optimal production and characterization of alkaline protease from newly isolated halotolerant Jeotgalicoccus sp. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Yang J, Li J, Hu Y, Li L, Long L, Wang F, Zhang S. Characterization of a thermophilic hemoglobin-degrading protease from Streptomyces rutgersensis SCSIO 11720 and its application in antibacterial peptides production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Zargari S, Ramezani A, Ostvar S, Rezaei R, Niazi A, Ayatollahi S. Isolation and characterization of gram-positive biosurfactant-producing halothermophilic bacilli from Iranian petroleum reservoirs. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e10981. [PMID: 25485045 PMCID: PMC4255207 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Petroleum reservoirs have long been known as the hosts of extremophilic microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms are known for their potential biotechnological applications, particularly production of extra and intracellular polymers and enzymes. Objectives: Here, 14 petroleum liquid samples from southern Iranian oil reservoirs were screened for presence of biosurfactant‐producing halothermophiles. Materials and Methods: Mixture of the reservoir fluid samples with a minimal growth medium was incubated under an N2 atmosphere in 40°C; 0.5 mL samples were transferred from the aqueous phase to agar plates after 72 hours of incubation; 100 mL cell cultures were prepared using the MSS-1 (mineral salt solution 1) liquid medium with 5% (w/v) NaCl. The time-course samples were analyzed by recording the absorbance at 600 nm using a spectrophotometer. Incubation was carried out in 40°C with mild shaking in aerobic conditions. Thermotolerance was evaluated by growing the isolates at 40, 50, 60 and 70°C with varying NaCl concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/v). Halotolerance was evaluated using NaCl concentrations of 5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% (w/v) and incubating them at 40°C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Different phenotypic characteristics were evaluated, as outlined in Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology. Comparing 16S rDNA sequences is one of the most powerful tools for classification of microorganisms. Results: Among 34 isolates, 10 demonstrated biosurfactant production and growth at temperatures between 40°C and 70°C in saline media containing 5%‐15% w/v NaCl. Using partial 16S rDNA sequencing (and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis [ARDRA]) and biochemical tests (API tests 20E and 50 CHB), all the 10 isolates proved to be facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive moderate thermohalophiles of the genus Bacillus (B. thermoglucosidasius, B. thermodenitrificans, B. thermoleovorans, B. stearothermophilus and B. licheniformis), exhibiting surface-active behaviors. Conclusions: General patterns include decreasing the thermotolerance with increasing the salt concentrations and also more halotolerance in the aerobic environment compared with anaerobic conditions. The results demonstrated that Iranian petroleum reservoirs enjoy a source of indigenous extremophilic microorganisms with potential applications in microbial enhanced oil recovery and commercial enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Zargari
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Colorado, USA
| | - Amin Ramezani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Sassan Ostvar
- School of Chemical, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon, USA
| | - Rasool Rezaei
- Biotechnology Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- Biotechnology Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ali Niazi, Biotechnology Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7116138125, Fax: +98- 7112272805, E-mail:
| | - Shahab Ayatollahi
- Enhanced Oil Recovery Research Center, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Yin J, Chen JC, Wu Q, Chen GQ. Halophiles, coming stars for industrial biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 33:1433-42. [PMID: 25447783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology aims to produce chemicals, materials and biofuels to ease the challenges of shortage on petroleum. However, due to the disadvantages of bioprocesses including energy consuming sterilization, high fresh water consumption, discontinuous fermentation to avoid microbial contamination, highly expensive stainless steel fermentation facilities and competing substrates for human consumption, industrial biotechnology is less competitive compared with chemical processes. Recently, halophiles have shown promises to overcome these shortcomings. Due to their unique halophilic properties, some halophiles are able to grow in high pH and high NaCl containing medium under higher temperature, allowing fermentation processes to run contamination free under unsterile conditions and continuous way. At the same time, genetic manipulation methods have been developed for halophiles. So far, halophiles have been used to produce bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), ectoines, enzymes, and bio-surfactants. Increasing effects have been made to develop halophiles into a low cost platform for bioprocessing with advantages of low energy, less fresh water consumption, low fixed capital investment, and continuous production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yin
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Chun Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Xiao YZ, Wu DK, Zhao SY, Lin WM, Gao XY. Statistical Optimization of Alkaline Protease Production fromPenicillium citrinumYL-1 Under Solid-State Fermentation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 45:447-62. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.923450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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D Santos AF, Pacheco CA, Valle RDS, Seldin L, D Santos ALS. Enzymes produced by halotolerant spore-forming gram-positive bacterial strains isolated from a resting habitat (Restinga de Jurubatiba) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: focus on proteases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2748-61. [PMID: 25227686 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The screening for hydrolases-producing, halotolerant, and spore-forming gram-positive bacteria from the root, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soil of Blutaparon portulacoides, a plant found in the Restinga de Jurubatiba located at the northern region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, resulted in the isolation of 22 strains. These strains were identified as Halobacillus blutaparonensis (n = 2), Oceanobacillus picturae (n = 5), and Oceanobacillus iheyensis (n = 15), and all showed the ability to produce different extracellular enzymes. A total of 20 isolates (90.9 %) showed activity for protease, 5 (22.7 %) for phytase, 3 (13.6 %) for cellulase, and 2 (9.1 %) for amylase. Some bacterial strains were capable of producing three (13.6 %) or two (9.1 %) distinct hydrolytic enzymes. However, no bacterial strain with ability to produce esterase and DNase was observed. The isolate designated M9, belonging to the species H. blutaparonensis, was the best producer of protease and also yielded amylase and phytase. This strain was chosen for further studies regarding its protease activity. The M9 strain produced similar amounts of protease when grown either without or with different NaCl concentrations (from 0.5 to 10 %). A simple inspection of the cell-free culture supernatant by gelatin-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed the presence of three major alkaline proteases of 40, 50, and 70 kDa, which were fully inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) (two classical serine protease inhibitors). The secreted proteases were detected in a wide range of temperature (from 4 to 45 °C) and their hydrolytic activities were stimulated by NaCl (up to 10 %). The serine proteases produced by the M9 strain cleaved gelatin, casein, albumin, and hemoglobin, however, in different extensions. Collectively, these results suggest the potential use of the M9 strain in biotechnological and/or industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Fragoso D Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Babavalian H, Amoozegar MA, Zahraei S, Rohban R, Shakeri F, Moghaddam MM. Comparison of bacterial biodiversity and enzyme production in three hypersaline lakes; urmia, howz-soltan and aran-bidgol. Indian J Microbiol 2014; 54:444-9. [PMID: 25320444 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This research is a comparative study on the diversity of halophilic bacteria with hydrolytic activities in three significant hypersaline lakes; Urmia in the northwest and Howz-Soltan and Aran-Bidgol in the central desert in Iran. Isolated strains from these saline lakes were found to be halotolerant, moderately and extremely halophilic bacteria. The bacteria in each saline lake were able to produce different hydrolytic enzymes including amylase, protease, lipase, DNase, inulinase, xylanase, carboxy methyl cellulase, pectinase and pullulanase. 188, 302, 91 halophilic strains were isolated from Urmia Lake, Howz-Soltan and Aran-Bidgol playa, respectively. The numbers of Gram-positive strains were more than Gram-negatives, and among Gram-positive bacteria; spore-forming bacilli were most abundant. Due to the unique physico-chemical conditions of the lake environments, the hydrolytic activities of isolated strains were significantly different. For instance, isolated strains from Howz-Soltan playa did not produce pectinase, DNase, amylase, lipase and inulinase, while the isolates from Aran-Bidgol playa had a great ability to produce pectinase and DNase. The strains from Urmia Lake were also good producers of DNase but failed to show any chitinase activity. The diversity of halophilic bacteria from the mentioned three saline lakes was also determined using PCR-amplified 16S rRNA followed by phylogenetic analysis of the partial 16S rRNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Babavalian
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Zahraei
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rokhsareh Rohban
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Science and Research Campus of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shakeri
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sinha R, Srivastava AK, Khare SK. EFFICIENT PROTEOLYSIS AND APPLICATION OF AN ALKALINE PROTEASE FROM HALOPHILICBacillussp. EMB9. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 44:680-96. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.844711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ramezani M, Amoozegar MA, Ventosa A. Screening and comparative assay of poly-hydroxyalkanoates produced by bacteria isolated from the Gavkhooni Wetland in Iran and evaluation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production by halotolerant bacterium Oceanimonas sp. GK1. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Isolation and characterization of a protease-producing novel haloalkaliphilic bacterium Halobiforma sp. strain BNMIITR from Sambhar lake in Rajasthan, India. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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34
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Cloning, heterologous expression and structural characterization of an alkaline serine protease from sea water haloalkaliphilic bacterium. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Santos AF, Valle RS, Pacheco CA, Alvarez VM, Seldin L, Santos ALS. Extracellular proteases of Halobacillus blutaparonensis strain M9, a new moderately halophilic bacterium. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:1299-304. [PMID: 24688526 PMCID: PMC3958202 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophilic microorganisms are source of potential hydrolytic enzymes to be used in industrial and/or biotechnological processes. In the present study, we have investigated the ability of the moderately halophilic bacterium Halobacillus blutaparonensis (strain M9), a novel species described by our group, to release proteolytic enzymes. This bacterial strain abundantly proliferated in Luria-Bertani broth supplemented with 2.5% NaCl as well as secreted proteases to the extracellular environment. The production of proteases occurred in bacterial cells grown under different concentration of salt, ranging from 0.5% to 10% NaCl, in a similar way. The proteases secreted by H. blutaparonensis presented the following properties: (i) molecular masses ranging from 30 to 80 kDa, (ii) better hydrolytic activities under neutral-alkaline pH range, (iii) expression modulated according to the culture age, (iv) susceptibility to phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, classifying them as serine-type proteases, (v) specific cleavage over the chymotrypsin substrate, and (vi) enzymatic stability in the presence of salt (up to 20% NaCl) and organic solvents (e.g., ether, isooctane and cyclohexane). The proteases described herein are promising for industrial practices due to its haloalkaline properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson F Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberta S Valle
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clarissa A Pacheco
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. ; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Alvarez
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucy Seldin
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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36
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Cultivation-dependent assessment, diversity, and ecology of haloalkaliphilic bacteria in arid saline systems of southern Tunisia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:648141. [PMID: 24324969 PMCID: PMC3842069 DOI: 10.1155/2013/648141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Haloalkaliphiles are polyextremophiles adapted to grow at high salt concentrations and alkaline pH values. In this work, we isolated 122 haloalkaliphilic bacteria upon enrichments of 23 samples from 5 distinct saline systems of southern Tunisia, growing optimally in media with 10% salt and at pH 10. The collection was classified into 44 groups based on the amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS-PCR). Phylogenetic analysis and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes allowed the identification of 13 genera and 20 distinct species. Three gram-positive isolates showing between 95 and 96% of 16S rRNA sequence homology with Bacillus saliphilus could represent new species or genus. Beside the difference in bacterial diversity between the studied sites, several species ecological niches correlations were demonstrated such as Oceanobacillus in salt crust, Nesterenkonia in sand, and Salinicoccus in the rhizosphere of the desert plant Salicornia. The collection was further evaluated for the production of extracellular enzymes. Activity tests showed that gram-positive bacteria were mostly active, particularly for protease, lipase, DNase, and amylase production. Our overall results demonstrate the huge phenotypic and phylogenetic diversity of haloalkaliphiles in saline systems of southern Tunisia which represent a valuable source of new lineages and metabolites.
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37
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Halostable cellulase with organic solvent tolerance from Haloarcula sp. LLSG7 and its application in bioethanol fermentation using agricultural wastes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:1357-65. [PMID: 24037323 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A haloarchaeal strain LLSG7 with cellulolytic activity was isolated from the saline soil of Yuncheng Salt Lake, China. Biochemical and physiological characterization along with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the isolate in the genus Haloarcula. Cellulase production was strongly influenced by the salinity of the culture medium with the maximum obtained in the presence of 25 % NaCl. Substrate specificity tests showed that the crude cellulase was a multicomponent enzyme system, and zymogram analysis revealed that five different endoglucanases were secreted by strain LLSG7. Optimal cellulase activity was at 50 °C, pH 8.0, and 20 % NaCl. In addition, it was highly active and stable over broad ranges of temperature (40-80 °C), pH (7.0-11.0), and NaCl concentration (17.5-30 %). The cellulase displayed remarkable stability in the presence of non-polar organic solvents with log P ow ≥ 1.97. The crude cellulase secreted by strain LLSG7 was further applied to hydrolyze alkali-pretreated rice straw and the enzymatic hydrolysate was used as the substrate for bioethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yield of ethanol was 0.177 g per gram of pretreated rice straw, suggesting that it might be potentially useful for bioethanol production.
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38
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Babavalian H, Amoozegar MA, Pourbabaee AA, Moghaddam MM, Shakeri F. Isolation and identification of moderately halophilic bacteria producing hydrolytic enzymes from the largest hypersaline playa in Iran. Microbiology (Reading) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261713040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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39
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Yang J, Li J, Mai Z, Tian X, Zhang S. Purification, characterization, and gene cloning of a cold-adapted thermolysin-like protease from Halobacillus sp. SCSIO 20089. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 115:628-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Karbalaei-Heidari HR, Shahbazi M, Absalan G. Characterization of a Novel Organic Solvent Tolerant Protease from a Moderately Halophilic Bacterium and Its Behavior in Ionic Liquids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:573-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Halophilic bacteria as a source of novel hydrolytic enzymes. Life (Basel) 2013; 3:38-51. [PMID: 25371331 PMCID: PMC4187191 DOI: 10.3390/life3010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolases constitute a class of enzymes widely distributed in nature from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. The halotolerance of many enzymes derived from halophilic bacteria can be exploited wherever enzymatic transformations are required to function under physical and chemical conditions, such as in the presence of organic solvents and extremes in temperature and salt content. In recent years, different screening programs have been performed in saline habitats in order to isolate and characterize novel enzymatic activities with different properties to those of conventional enzymes. Several halophilic hydrolases have been described, including amylases, lipases and proteases, and then used for biotechnological applications. Moreover, the discovery of biopolymer-degrading enzymes offers a new solution for the treatment of oilfield waste, where high temperature and salinity are typically found, while providing valuable information about heterotrophic processes in saline environments. In this work, we describe the results obtained in different screening programs specially focused on the diversity of halophiles showing hydrolytic activities in saline and hypersaline habitats, including the description of enzymes with special biochemical properties. The intracellular lipolytic enzyme LipBL, produced by the moderately halophilic bacterium Marinobacter lipolyticus, showed advantages over other lipases, being an enzyme active over a wide range of pH values and temperatures. The immobilized LipBL derivatives obtained and tested in regio- and enantioselective reactions, showed an excellent behavior in the production of free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). On the other hand, the extremely halophilic bacterium, Salicola marasensis sp. IC10 showing lipase and protease activities, was studied for its ability to produce promising enzymes in terms of its resistance to temperature and salinity.
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42
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Didari M, Amoozegar MA, Bagheri M, Schumann P, Spröer C, Sánchez-Porro C, Ventosa A. Alteribacillus bidgolensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of
Bacillus persepolensis
as Alteribacillus persepolensis comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:2691-2697. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.034173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain P4BT, was isolated from water of the hypersaline Aran-Bidgol lake in Iran and characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain P4BT were non-motile rods producing ellipsoidal endospores at a central position in non-swollen sporangia. Strain P4BT was strictly aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. It was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5–12.5 % (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 5–7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 7.0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain P4BT was shown to belong to the phylum
Firmicutes
and shared highest similarity with
Bacillus persepolensis
HS136T (97.1 %) and
Bacillus salarius
BH169T (95.1 %). However, it shared only 91.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with
Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis
DSM 10T, indicating that strain P4BT might not be a member of the genus
Bacillus
. The DNA G+C content of this new isolate was 38.9 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of relatedness between strain P4BT and
B. persepolensis
HS136T (6 %). The major cellular fatty acids of strain P4BT were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, as for
B. persepolensis
HS136T but in contrast to
B. salarius
DSM 16461T and
B. subtilis subsp. subtilis
DSM 10T. Its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, an aminoglycolipid and an unknown phospholipid. This polar lipid profile was similar to that obtained for
B. persepolensis
DSM 21632T but different from those of
B. salarius
DSM 16461T and
B. subtilis subsp. subtilis
DSM 10T. The isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 (88 %) and MK-8 (2 %). The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. All these features indicate placement of strain P4BT within the
Firmicutes
, closely related to
B. persepolensis
but with features clearly distinct from those of the genus
Bacillus
and other related genera. On the basis of these data, strain P4BT is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alteribacillus bidgolensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Alteribacillus bidgolensis is P4BT ( = CCM 7963T = CECT 7998T = DSM 25260T = IBRC-M 10614T = KCTC 13821T). It is also suggested to transfer
B. persepolensis
to this new genus, as Alteribacillus persepolensis comb. nov. The type strain of Alteribacillus persepolensis is HS136T ( = CCM 7595T = DSM 21632T = JCM 15720T = LMG 25222T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Didari
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bagheri
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Schumann
- DSMZ – Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zelkulturen, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- DSMZ – Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zelkulturen, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Porro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Ventosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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43
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Li X, Yu HY. Purification and characterization of novel organic-solvent-tolerant β-amylase and serine protease from a newly isolated Salimicrobium halophilum strain LY20. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 329:204-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Life Science College; Yuncheng University; Yuncheng; China
| | - Hui-Ying Yu
- Life Science College; Yuncheng University; Yuncheng; China
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44
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Queiroga AC, Pintado ME, Malcata FX. Search for novel proteolytic enzymes aimed at textile and agro-industrial applications: An overview of current and novel approaches. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.650856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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45
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Manikandan M, Kannan V, Pasić L. Extraction, purification and characterization of a protease from Micrococcus sp. VKMM 037. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 32:1487-1495. [PMID: 22329139 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.540718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The haloalkaliphilic bacterium Micrococcus sp. VKMM 037, isolated from an effluent of the caustic soda industry, was found to produce a protease. Maximal proteolytic activity was observed in cell culture grown at 40 degrees C using 2% (w/v) glycerol, 2% (w/v) beef extract and 2% (w/v) peptone as nutrients in medium also containing 0.85 M NaCl with a pH of 10.0. An efficient purification procedure combining ammonium sulphate precipitation and Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography was developed. The purified 41 kDa protease was stable in a temperature range between 20 degrees C and 60 degrees C. The protease remained active over a wide range of pH values (4.0-12.0) and NaCl concentrations (0-3.42 M) with an optimum at pH 10.0 and 0.85 M NaCl, respectively. Furthermore, the enzyme remained stable or was only marginally inhibited in the presence of various organic solvents, surfactants and reducing agents. The purified protease of Micrococcus sp. VKMM 037 efficiently removed blood stains within 40 minutes of treatment. Given the biochemical characteristics determined, this novel protease could be exploited as an additive in the detergent industry and also for the synthesis of biomolecules and the degradation of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Manikandan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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46
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Karan R, Khare SK. Stability of haloalkaliphilic Geomicrobium sp. protease modulated by salt. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:686-93. [PMID: 21639849 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911060095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel protease from the halophilic bacterium Geomicrobium sp. EMB2 (MTCC 10310) is described. The activity of the protease was modulated by salt, and it exhibited remarkable stability in organic solvents, at alkaline pH, and in other denaturing conditions. The structural changes under various denaturing conditions were analyzed by measurements of intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Circular dichroism showed that the secondary structure of the protease was predominantly α-helical but unfolded in salt-free medium. The structure is regained by inclusion of NaCl in the range of 2-5%. The presence of NaCl exerted a protective effect against thermal, organic solvent, and guanidine hydrochloride denaturation by preventing unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
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47
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Production and characterization of a novel extracellular metalloproteinase by a newly isolated moderate halophile, Halobacillus sp. LY6. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 56:329-34. [PMID: 21625873 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-011-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A moderately halophilic bacterium LY6 with high proteolytic activity was isolated. Biochemical and physiological characterization, along with 16S rDNA sequence analysis placed the isolate in the genus Halobacillus. The salinity of the culture medium strongly influenced the proteinase production of LY6. Maximum enzyme production was observed in the medium containing 5% Na(2)SO(4) or 10% NaCl. Proteinase production was synchronized with bacterial growth and reached a maximum level during the mid-stationary phase. Enzyme purification was carried out by a simple approach including a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE and gelatin zymography analysis revealed it was a monomer with high molecular weight of 69 kDa. Optimal proteinase activity was obtained at pH 10.0, 40°C, and 10% NaCl. It was high active over broad temperature (30-80°C), pH (6.0-12.0), and NaCl concentration (0-25%) ranges, indicating its thermostable, alkali-stable, and halotolerant nature. Moreover, the enzyme activity was markedly enhanced by Ca(2+) and Cu(2+), but strongly inhibited by EDTA, PAO, and DEPC, indicating that it probably was a metalloproteinase with cysteine and histidine residues located in its active site.
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48
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Bagheri M, Didari M, Amoozegar MA, Schumann P, Sánchez-Porro C, Mehrshad M, Ventosa A. Bacillus iranensis sp. nov., a moderate halophile from a hypersaline lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 62:811-816. [PMID: 21571930 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.030874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic rod, designated X5BT, was isolated from saline mud of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran. Strain X5BT was a strictly aerobic, motile bacterium that produced ellipsoidal endospores at a central-subterminal position in non-swollen sporangia. The isolate grew at pH 7.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.5), at 25-45 °C (optimum 35 °C) and with 2.5-15 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 5-7.5 %). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain X5BT belonged to the genus Bacillus and showed highest similarity with Bacillus persepolensis HS136T (95.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Bacillus salarius BH169T (95.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 42.4 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three phospholipids and two glycolipids. The diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 (92 %), MK-6 (6 %) and MK-5 (2 %). On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, a novel species of the genus Bacillus is proposed, with the name Bacillus iranensis sp. nov. The type strain is X5BT (=IBRC 10446T=DSM 23995T).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bagheri
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Teheran, Iran
| | - M Didari
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Teheran, Iran
| | - M A Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Schumann
- DSMZ-German Collection of Micro-organisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 3814 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Sánchez-Porro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Mehrshad
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Teheran, Iran
| | - A Ventosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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49
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Karan R, Khare SK. Purification and characterization of a solvent-stable protease from Geomicrobium sp. EMB2. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:1061-1072. [PMID: 20718288 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003674556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, Geomicrobium sp. EMB2, was isolated from the Sambhar Salt Lake located in the western part of India. It secreted an alkaline protease, which was stable and active in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents. The protease was purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Flow matrix, and a 22.6-fold purification with 51.2% recovery was attained. The apparent molecular mass was estimated to be 38 kDa. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 6.0-12.0, the optimum being 10.0. The Km and Vmax towards casein were found to be 0.10 mM and 526 U/min, respectively. The protease was most active at 50 degrees C. It appeared to be serine type, owing to its sensitivity to phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF). It withstood a range of detergents and surfactants, and exhibited remarkable stability in the presence of solvents having a log P >2. The presence of NaCl or osmolytes exerted a protective effect and further enhanced the stability of the enzyme. These properties make this novel protease potentially useful for catalysis in non-aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Karan
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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50
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The haloprotease CPI produced by the moderately halophilic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica is secreted by the type II secretion pathway. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:4197-201. [PMID: 19376897 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00156-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene (cpo) encoding the extracellular protease CPI produced by the moderately halophilic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica CP76 was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was analyzed. The cpo gene encodes a 733-residue protein showing sequence similarity to metalloproteases of the M4 family. The type II secretion apparatus was shown to be responsible for secretion of the haloprotease CPI.
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