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Yuan F, Song B, Huang Z, Liu X, Xia C. Oxygen and Glucose as Stimulation Agents for BOLD Functional MR Imaging of Rabbit Liver: A Feasibility Study. Magn Reson Med Sci 2018; 17. [PMID: 28626199 PMCID: PMC5891340 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2016-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of using oxygen and glucose as stimulating agents in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of rabbit liver and analyze the impacts by blood flow. METHODS Pure oxygen inhalation, intravenous injection and oral administration of glucose were given to 11 New Zealand white rabbits to compare the differences of liver T2*, aortic flow (AF), portal vein flow (PVF), aortic area (AA) and portal vein area (PVA) before and at 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min after administrations. AF and PVF were acquired by two dimensional (2D) Phase Contrast MR (2D-PCMR). The impacts of AF and PVF upon BOLD fMRI were analyzed. RESULTS AF and PVF declined at 5 min after oxygen inhalation and were significantly different from baseline, then reverted to baseline. No significant difference was observed in liver T2*, AA and PVA before and after oxygen inhalation. AF, PVF, AA and PVA showed no significant difference before and after glucose intravenous injection, while liver T2* increased gradually with significant difference. AF and liver T2* were significantly different before and after glucose oral administration and increased gradually, AA was significantly different before and after glucose administration at 10 min and 20 min. PVF and PVA started to be different from baseline at 10 min. Greatest variation of T2* (19.6%) was induced by glucose oral administration after 30 min. CONCLUSION Rabbit liver T2* increasing by glucose intravenous injection is possibly associated with glycogen synthesis, provides the possibility to evaluate liver function. Glucose oral administration demonstrated an optimal comparative effect of raising T2*, however, resulted from the superposition of increased glycogen synthesis and blood flow. Inhalation of pure oxygen didn't alter the rabbit liver T2*, which may possibly result from an offset between the increased concentration of oxyhemoglobin and decreased blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Song
- Corresponding author, Phone: +86-13881918066, Fax: +86-21-64085875, E-mail:
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Bane O, Besa C, Wagner M, Oesingmann N, Zhu H, Fiel MI, Taouli B. Feasibility and reproducibility of BOLD and TOLD measurements in the liver with oxygen and carbogen gas challenge in healthy volunteers and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:866-76. [PMID: 26417669 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify baseline relaxation rates R2* and R1 in the abdomen, their changes after respiratory challenges, and their reproducibility in healthy volunteers and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at 1.5T and 3.0T. MATERIALS AND METHODS R2* measurements were acquired in the liver in 8 volunteers and 27 patients with 34 HCCs using multiecho T2* at baseline and after respiratory challenges with 100% oxygen (O2 ) and carbogen (CB = 95%O2 /5%CO2 ). R1 was measured at 1.5T in one volunteer and 21 patients with 23 HCCs. Test-retest coefficient of variation (CV) was assessed in 10 subjects. Intra- and interobserver variability of R2* and R1 measurements was assessed in 12 and 10 patients, respectively. Parameters for HCC, liver, and muscle were compared between baseline and after gas challenges. RESULTS We observed that R2* and R1 imaging of HCCs with O2 and CB is feasible and reproducible (test-retest CV R2*<15%/R1 <5%; intra- and interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient R2*>0.88/R1 >0.7 and CV R2*<7%/R1 <3% at 1.5T). R2* measurements were observed to be less reproducible at 3.0T (CV<35%). There was a statistically significant decrease in R2* values in HCC before and after O2 (P = 0.02) and increase in R1 after O2 (P = 0.004). CB had no significant effect (P R2* = 0.47/R1 = 0.278). CONCLUSION R2* measurements in HCC and liver parenchyma are more reproducible at 1.5T than at 3.0T, and with O2 than with CB challenge. We observed a decrease in R2* and an increase in R1 of HCCs from baseline in response to O2 challenge, as expected with increased tissue and blood oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Bane
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cecilia Besa
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mathilde Wagner
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Hongfa Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bachir Taouli
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Tumoral Hypoxia in Osteosarcoma in Rats: Preliminary Study of Blood Oxygenation Level–Dependent Functional MRI and 18F-Misonidazole PET/CT With Diffusion-Weighted MRI Correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 200:W187-92. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.8969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Klein J, Dawson LA. Hepatocellular carcinoma radiation therapy: review of evidence and future opportunities. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 87:22-32. [PMID: 23219567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of global cancer death. Curative therapy is not an option for most patients, often because of underlying liver disease. Experience in radiation therapy (RT) for HCC is rapidly increasing. Conformal RT can deliver tumoricidal doses to focal HCC with low rates of toxicity and sustained local control in HCC unsuitable for other locoregional treatments. Stereotactic body RT and particle therapy have been used with long-term control in early HCC or as a bridge to liver transplant. RT has also been effective in treating HCC with portal venous thrombosis. Patients with impaired liver function and extensive disease are at increased risk of toxicity and recurrence. More research on how to combine RT with other standard and novel therapies is warranted. Randomized trials are also needed before RT will be generally accepted as a treatment option for HCC. This review discusses the current state of the literature and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Klein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Guo Y, Jin N, Klein R, Nicolai J, Yang GY, Omary RA, Larson AC. Gas challenge-blood oxygen level-dependent (GC-BOLD) MRI in the rat Novikoff hepatoma model. Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 30:133-8. [PMID: 22055749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between gas challenge-blood oxygen level-dependent (GC-BOLD) response angiogenesis and tumor size in rat Novikoff hepatoma model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighting 301-325 g) were used for our Animal Care and Use Committee-approved experiments. N1-S1 Novikoff hepatomas were grown in 14 rats with sizes ranging from 0.42 to 2.81 cm. All experiments were performed at 3.0 T using a custom-built rodent receiver coil. A multiple gradient-echo sequence was used for R2* measurements, first during room air (78% N(2)/20% O(2)) breathing and then after 10 min of carbogen (95% O(2)/5% CO(2)) breathing. After image acquisition, rats were euthanized, and the tumors were harvested for histological evaluation. RESULTS The R2* change between air and carbogen breathing for small hepatomas was positive; R2* changes changed to negative values for larger hepatomas. We found a significant positive correlation between tumor R2* change and tumor microvessel density (MVD) (r=0.798, P=.001) and a significant inverse correlation between tumor R2* change and tumor size (r=-0.840, P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS GC-BOLD magnetic resonance imaging measurements are well correlated to MVD levels and tumor size in the N1-S1 Novikoff hepatoma model; GC-BOLD measurements may serve as noninvasive biomarkers for evaluating angiogenesis and disease progression and/or therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Wang Q, Luan W, Goz V, Burakoff SJ, Hiotis SP. Non-invasive in vivo imaging for liver tumour progression using an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model in immunocompetent mice. Liver Int 2011; 31:1200-8. [PMID: 21745281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of complex transgenic colonies and labour-intensive techniques pose significant challenges in work involving mouse models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Other animal models of unusual species are generally impractical for research purposes. AIMS To develop a highly reproducible orthotopic mouse model for HCC based on the murine α-foetoprotein (AFP), producing cell line Hepa1-6 and to monitor liver tumour progression via in vivo imaging, and measurement of plasma AFP. METHODS Intrahepatic tumour was induced following subcapsular implantation of 10(+6) Hepa1-6 cells into C57L/J mice. AFP production was examined in vitro and in vivo using immunoblotting. Three confirmatory non-invasive imaging modalities were applied to follow tumour progression over time including ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), micromagnetic resonance imaging (microMRI), and bioluminescence. RESULTS α-foetoprotein expression was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo, with increasing levels in the plasma as tumours progressed. UBM, microMRI and bioluminescence detected intrahepatic tumours to a 2 mm resolution by day 14. Sequential imaging studies demonstrated an intrahepatic pattern of disease progression with an observed median survival of 29 days. Immunosuppression of tumour-bearing mice led to a greater tumour size and decreased survival. CONCLUSIONS Intrahepatic implantation of Hepa1-6 as a mouse model for HCC is a highly reproducible in vivo system with tumour biology analogous to human disease and is regulated by the presence of an intact host immune system. Tumour progression may be monitored in vivo by UBM, microMRI and bioluminescence. Plasma AFP increases over time, allowing redundancy in non-invasive means of following tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Baboi LM, Milot L, Lartizien C, Roche C, Scoazec JY, Pilleul F, Beuf O. Characterization of neuro-endocrine tumors in an athymic nude mouse model using dedicated synchronization strategies for T2-weigted MR imaging at 7T. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2007:2879-82. [PMID: 18002596 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine tumours, with digestive localization, are tumours with variable forecast which are independent of their invasive and metastatic extensions. The experimental model of endocrine tumors with liver dissemination is available for evaluation of new medical therapeutics such as antiangiogenic therapy. MRI is a non invasive modality allowing in vivo examinations and is suitable to follow liver lesion evolution during longitudinal study on animal models. The goal of this study was to assess the detection level and to characterize the liver lesions in an athymic nude mouse model, using a dedicated MRI protocol and an optimized synchronization strategy at high magnetic field strength. The experiments were performed at 7T. To detect liver lesions, respiratory-triggered T2-weighted MR images is the sequence of choice. With conventional acquisition strategies used on small animal MR systems, trigger signal is performed at each respiratory cycle and thus, the T2 contrast is not freely controlled. Additionally, the slice number is limited by the expiration delay. To overcome these drawbacks, we proposed an original strategy enabling true T2-weighted imaging with minimal movement artifacts, regardless of the respiratory period and the number of slices. This protocol was used to carry out a longitudinal follow-up of hepatic lesions in 8 nude mice at stages D7, D12, D17 and D24. The fraction of lesion over the total liver volume was quantified. Moreover, the characterization of cystic or non-cystic type of lesions was achieved using various TE leading to T2 maps. In conclusion, the level of lesion detection and characterization of liver lesions was performed using a devoted protocol with original synchronization strategy dedicated to high field MRI. MR imaging could be used with relevance in the evaluation of new therapeutics protocol for treatment of liver lesions in neuroendocrine tumors using small animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Baboi
- CREATIS-LRMN, CNRS, UMR 5220, Villeurbanne F-69621, France
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Inderbitzin D, Stoupis C, Sidler D, Gass M, Candinas D. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging in small rodents using a clinical 1.5 T MR scanner. Methods 2007; 43:46-53. [PMID: 17720563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of superior soft-tissue contrast compared to other imaging techniques, non-invasive abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is ideal for monitoring organ regeneration, tissue repair, cancer stage, and treatment effects in a wide variety of experimental animal models. Currently, sophisticated MR protocols, including technically demanding procedures for motion artefact compensation, achieve an MRI resolution limit of < 100 microm under ideal conditions. However, such a high spatial resolution is not required for most experimental rodent studies. This article describes both a detailed imaging protocol for MR data acquisition in a ubiquitously and commercially available 1.5 T MR unit and 3-dimensional volumetry of organs, tissue components, or tumors. Future developments in MR technology will allow in vivo investigation of physiological and pathological processes at the cellular and even the molecular levels. Experimental MRI is crucial for non-invasive monitoring of a broad range of biological processes and will further our general understanding of physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Inderbitzin
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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Synchronisation strategies in T2-weighted MR imaging for detection of liver lesions: Application on a nude mouse model. Biomed Imaging Interv J 2007; 3:e53. [PMID: 21614301 PMCID: PMC3097687 DOI: 10.2349/biij.3.4.e53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this work was to propose original synchronisation strategies based on T2-weighted sequence performed on a small animal MRI spectrometer in order to improve the image contrast and detect mouse liver lesions at high magnetic field. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiments were performed in vivo at 7T using a 32 mm inner diameter cylindrical volumetric coil for both RF emission and reception. A sensitive pressure sensor was used to detect external movements due to both respiration and heart beats. The pressure sensor was interfaced with a commercial ECG Trigger Unit to use dedicated functionalities (trigger levels, delays and window). To enable T2-weighted imaging with minimised T1 effects, an acquisition strategy with controlled TR spanning over several respiratory cycles was developed. With this strategy, the slices were acquired over several respiratory periods. RESULTS The acquisition, performed over several respiratory periods, enables a longer TR than the typical mouse respiratory period. The image contrast is controllable and independent of the respiratory period. The heavily T2-weighted images obtained with the developed strategy allow better visualisation of lesions at high magnetic field. Moreover, double respiratory and cardiac synchronisation, based on a unique sensitive pressure sensor, improves image quality with less motion artifacts, especially in the ventral liver region. The total slice number is independent of respiratory period and thin slices can be acquired to cover the whole liver. CONCLUSION The developed strategy enables high quality pure T2-weighted imaging with minimal motion artifacts. This strategy improves T2-weighted image contrast and quality, especially at high magnetic field, on animals with short respiratory periods. The strategy was demonstrated using a mouse model of liver lesions at 7T. This protocol could be used to carry out a longitudinal follow-up.
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Baudelet C, Cron GO, Gallez B. Determination of the maturity and functionality of tumor vasculature by MRI: correlation between BOLD-MRI and DCE-MRI using P792 in experimental fibrosarcoma tumors. Magn Reson Med 2007; 56:1041-9. [PMID: 16986109 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Using hypercapnia and carbogen as functional markers of vessel maturation and function, we compared blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast with standard dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI quantitative parameters in murine fibrosarcoma. Our results show that there was no correlation between vessel maturity and contrast-agent uptake rate (K(in) (Trans)) or contrast agent efflux rate (k(ep)). In addition, DCE-MRI provided higher estimates of the fraction of functional tumor compared to BOLD-MRI. The two putative markers of regional vascular density, i.e., the magnitude of BOLD signal change during carbogen challenge (VF) and the fractional plasma volume found by DCE-MRI (V(p)), were only weakly correlated (r(2) = 0.02-0.14). Furthermore, VF showed no correlation with K(in) (Trans). A positive correlation was observed (r(2) = 0.75) between mean tumor VF and k(ep), but only when averaged over the whole tumor (which includes tumor regions completely unperfused by the gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent). This would merely reveal a relationship between perfusion status and the capacity to respond to carbogen breathing. In conclusion, characterizations of tumor microvasculature imaging using BOLD-MRI and DCE-MRI appear to be largely complementary, given the weak correlations between their corresponding derived parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Baudelet
- Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Thomas CD, Walczak C, Kaffy J, Pontikis R, Jouanneau J, Volk A. Early effects of combretastatin A4 phosphate assessed by anatomic and carbogen-based functional magnetic resonance imaging on rat bladder tumors implanted in nude mice. Neoplasia 2006; 8:587-95. [PMID: 16867221 PMCID: PMC1601936 DOI: 10.1593/neo.06232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) causes rapid disruption of the tumor vasculature and is currently being evaluated for antivascular therapy. We describe the initial results obtained with a noninvasive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach to assess the early effects of CA4P on rat bladder tumors implanted on nude mice. MRI (4.7 T) comprised a fast spin-echo sequence for growth curve assessment; a multislice multiecho sequence for T2 measurement before, 15 minutes after, and 24 hours after CA4P (100 mg/kg); and a fast T2w* gradient-echo sequence to assess MR signal modification under carbogen breathing before, 35 minutes after, and 24 hours after CA4P. The tumor fraction with increased T2w* signal intensity under carbogen (T+) was used to quantify CA4P effect on functional vasculature. CA4P slowed tumor growth over 24 hours and accelerated necrosis development. T+ decrease was observed already at 35 minutes post-CA4P. Early T2 increase was observed in regions becoming necrotic at 24 hours post-CA4P, as confirmed by high T2 and histology. These regions exhibited, under carbogen, a switch from T2w* signal increase before CA4P to a decrease postCA4P. The combination of carbogen-based functional MRI and T2 measurement may be useful for the early follow-up of antivascular therapy without the administration of contrast agents.
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