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Wu Y, Derks SHAE, Wood TC, de Blois E, van der Veldt AAM, Smits M, Warnert EAH. Improved postprocessing of dynamic glucose-enhanced CEST MRI for imaging brain metastases at 3 T. Eur Radiol Exp 2023; 7:78. [PMID: 38066225 PMCID: PMC10709288 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-023-00390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) has the potential to characterize glucose metabolism in brain metastases. Since the effect size of DGE CEST is small at 3 T (< 1%), measurements of signal-to-noise ratios are challenging. To improve DGE detection, we developed an acquisition pipeline and extended image analysis for DGE CEST on a hybrid 3-T positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging system. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted after local ethical approval. Static Z-spectra (from -100 to 100 ppm) were acquired to compare the use of 1.2 versus 2 ppm to calculate static glucose-enhanced (glucoCEST) maps in 10 healthy volunteers before and after glucose infusion. Dynamic CEST images were acquired during glucose infusion. Image analysis was optimized using motion correction, dynamic B0 correction, and principal component analysis (PCA) to improve the detection of DGE CEST in the sagittal sinus, cerebrospinal fluid, and grey and white matter. The developed DGE CEST pipeline was applied to four patients diagnosed with brain metastases. RESULTS GlucoCEST was strongest in healthy tissues at 2 ppm. Correcting for motion, B0, and use of PCA locally improved DGE maps. A larger contrast between healthy tissues and enhancing regions in brain metastases was found when dynamic B0 correction and PCA denoising were applied. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility of DGE CEST with our developed acquisition and analysis pipeline at 3 T in patients with brain metastases. This work enables a direct comparison of DGE CEST to 18F-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography of glucose metabolism in patients with brain metastases. RELEVANCE STATEMENT Contrast between brain metastasis and healthy brain tissue in DGE CEST MR images is improved by including principle component analysis and dynamic magnetic field correction during postprocessing. This approach enables the detection of increased DGE CEST signal in brain metastasis, if present. KEY POINTS • Despite the low signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic glucose-enhanced CEST MRI is feasible at 3 T. • Principal component analyses and dynamic magnetic field correction improve DGE CEST MRI. • DGE CEST MRI does not consequently show changes in brain metastases compared to healthy brain tissue. • Increased DGE CEST MRI in brain metastases, if present, shows overlap with contrast enhancement on T1-weighted images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Wu
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Centre, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sophie H A E Derks
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Departments of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tobias C Wood
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Astrid A M van der Veldt
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion Smits
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Centre, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Medical Delta, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Esther A H Warnert
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
- Brain Tumor Centre, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Hooper GW, Ansari S, Johnson JM, Ginat DT. Advances in the Radiological Evaluation of and Theranostics for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4162. [PMID: 37627190 PMCID: PMC10453051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging is essential for evaluating patients with glioblastoma. Traditionally a multimodality undertaking, CT, including CT cerebral blood profusion, PET/CT with traditional fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), and MRI have been the mainstays for diagnosis and post-therapeutic assessment. However, recent advances in these modalities, in league with the emerging fields of radiomics and theranostics, may prove helpful in improving diagnostic accuracy and treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shehbaz Ansari
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Jason M. Johnson
- Department of Neuroradiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Daniel T. Ginat
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Longo DL, Carella A, Corrado A, Pirotta E, Mohanta Z, Singh A, Stabinska J, Liu G, McMahon MT. A snapshot of the vast array of diamagnetic CEST MRI contrast agents. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4715. [PMID: 35187749 PMCID: PMC9724179 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of CEST MRI in the 1990s, a number of compounds have been identified as suitable for generating contrast, including paramagnetic lanthanide complexes, hyperpolarized atom cages and, most interesting, diamagnetic compounds. In the past two decades, there has been a major emphasis in this field on the identification and application of diamagnetic compounds that have suitable biosafety profiles for usage in medical applications. Even in the past five years there has been a tremendous growth in their numbers, with more and more emphasis being placed on finding those that can be ultimately used for patient studies on clinical 3 T scanners. At this point, a number of endogenous compounds present in tissue have been identified, and also natural and synthetic organic compounds that can be administered to highlight pathology via CEST imaging. Here we will provide a very extensive snapshot of the types of diamagnetic compound that can generate CEST MRI contrast, together with guidance on their utility on typical preclinical and clinical scanners and a review of the applications that might benefit the most from this new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Carella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Corrado
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Pirotta
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Zinia Mohanta
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aruna Singh
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Stabinska
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Jabehdar Maralani P, Chan RW, Lam WW, Oakden W, Oglesby R, Lau A, Mehrabian H, Heyn C, Chan AK, Soliman H, Sahgal A, Stanisz GJ. Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI: What Neuro-Oncology Clinicians Need To Know. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231208613. [PMID: 37872686 PMCID: PMC10594966 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231208613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a relatively novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique with an image contrast designed for in vivo measurement of certain endogenous molecules with protons that are exchangeable with water protons, such as amide proton transfer commonly used for neuro-oncology applications. Recent technological advances have made it feasible to implement CEST on clinical grade scanners within practical acquisition times, creating new opportunities to integrate CEST in clinical workflow. In addition, the majority of CEST applications used in neuro-oncology are performed without the use gadolinium-based contrast agents which are another appealing feature of this technique. This review is written for clinicians involved in neuro-oncologic care (nonphysicists) as the target audience explaining what they need to know as CEST makes its way into practice. The purpose of this article is to (1) review the basic physics and technical principles of CEST MRI, and (2) review the practical applications of CEST in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Jabehdar Maralani
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel W. Chan
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wilfred W. Lam
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Oakden
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Oglesby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angus Lau
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hatef Mehrabian
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Heyn
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aimee K.M. Chan
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hany Soliman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Greg J. Stanisz
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Liu J, Chu C, Zhang J, Bie C, Chen L, Aafreen S, Xu J, Kamson DO, van Zijl PCM, Walczak P, Janowski M, Liu G. Label-Free Assessment of Mannitol Accumulation Following Osmotic Blood-Brain Barrier Opening Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112529. [PMID: 36432721 PMCID: PMC9695341 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mannitol is a hyperosmolar agent for reducing intracranial pressure and inducing osmotic blood-brain barrier opening (OBBBO). There is a great clinical need for a non-invasive method to optimize the safety of mannitol dosing. The aim of this study was to develop a label-free Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST)-based MRI approach for detecting intracranial accumulation of mannitol following OBBBO. METHODS In vitro MRI was conducted to measure the CEST properties of D-mannitol of different concentrations and pH. In vivo MRI and MRS measurements were conducted on Sprague-Dawley rats using a Biospec 11.7T horizontal MRI scanner. Rats were catheterized at the internal carotid artery (ICA) and randomly grouped to receive either 1 mL or 3 mL D-mannitol. CEST MR images were acquired before and at 20 min after the infusion. RESULTS In vitro MRI showed that mannitol has a strong, broad CEST contrast at around 0.8 ppm with a mM CEST MRI detectability. In vivo studies showed that CEST MRI could effectively detect mannitol in the brain. The low dose mannitol treatment led to OBBBO but no significant mannitol accumulation, whereas the high dose regimen resulted in both OBBBO and mannitol accumulation. The CEST MRI findings were consistent with 1H-MRS and Gd-enhanced MRI assessments. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that CEST MRI can be used for non-invasive, label-free detection of mannitol accumulation in the brain following BBBO treatment. This method may be useful as a rapid imaging tool to optimize the dosing of mannitol-based OBBBO and improve its safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jia Zhang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chongxue Bie
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Safiya Aafreen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David O. Kamson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-443-923-9500; Fax: +1-410-614-3147
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6
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Kim M, Eleftheriou A, Ravotto L, Weber B, Rivlin M, Navon G, Capozza M, Anemone A, Longo DL, Aime S, Zaiss M, Herz K, Deshmane A, Lindig T, Bender B, Golay X. What do we know about dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI and how close is it to the clinics? Horizon 2020 GLINT consortium report. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:87-104. [PMID: 35032288 PMCID: PMC8901523 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-021-00994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases that the world is currently facing, accounting for 10 million deaths in 2020 (WHO). In the last two decades, advanced medical imaging has played an ever more important role in the early detection of the disease, as it increases the chances of survival and the potential for full recovery. To date, dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI using glucose-based chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) has demonstrated the sensitivity to detect both d-glucose and glucose analogs, such as 3-oxy-methyl-d-glucose (3OMG) uptake in tumors. As one of the recent international efforts aiming at pushing the boundaries of translation of the DGE MRI technique into clinical practice, a multidisciplinary team of eight partners came together to form the “glucoCEST Imaging of Neoplastic Tumors (GLINT)” consortium, funded by the Horizon 2020 European Commission. This paper summarizes the progress made to date both by these groups and others in increasing our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms related to this technique as well as translating it into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Afroditi Eleftheriou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Ravotto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Rivlin
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Navon
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Martina Capozza
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Annasofia Anemone
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Neuroradiology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Herz
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anagha Deshmane
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindig
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xavier Golay
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
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