Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Cefcapene Pivoxil

Review for Analytical Methods for the Determination of Sodium Cephalothin

Infections are the second leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, therefore it is highly important to study the antimicrobial agents such as cephalosporins. Cephalothin, an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of cephalosporins, has bactericidal activity and it is widely used in the Brazilian health system. In literature, some analytical methods are found for the identification and quantification of this drug, which are essential for its quality control, which ensures maintaining the product characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and patient's safety. The aim of this article is to review the available information on analytical methods for cephalothin. Thus, this study presents a literature review on cephalothin and the analytical methods developed for the analysis of this drug in official and scientific papers. It is essential to note that most of the developed methods used toxic and hazardous solvents, which makes necessary industries and researchers choose to develop environmental-friendly techniques, which will contribute to the harmonization of science, human, and environmental health.

Stability studies of cefoselis sulfate in the solid state

The process of degradation was studied by using an HPLC-DAD method. Two degradation products were identified with a hybrid ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometer. The influence of temperature and relative air humidity (RH) on the stability of cefoselis sulfate was investigated. In the solid state at increased RH the degradation of cefoselis sulfate was an autocatalytic reaction of the first order with respect to substrate concentration while in dry air was first-order reaction depending on the substrate concentration. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of degradation were calculated.

Stability of cefozopran hydrochloride in aqueous solutions

The influence of pH on the stability of cefozopran hydrochloride (CZH) was investigated in the pH range of 0.44-13.00. Six degradation products were identified with a hybrid ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometer. The degradation of CZH as a result of hydrolysis was a pseudo-first-order reaction. As general acid-base hydrolysis of CZH was not occurred in the solutions of hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, acetate, borate and phosphate buffers, kobs = kpH because specific acid-base catalysis was observed. Specific acid-base catalysis of CZH consisted of the following reactions: hydrolysis of CZH catalyzed by hydrogen ions (kH+), hydrolysis of dications (k1H2O), monocations (k2H2O) and zwitter ions (k3H2O) and hydrolysis of zwitter ions (k1OH-) and monoanions (k2OH-) of CZH catalyzed by hydroxide ions. The total rate of the reaction was equal to the sum of partial reactions: [Formula: see text]. CZH similarly like other fourth generation cephalosporin was most stable at slightly acidic and neutral pH and less stable in alkaline pH. The cleavage of the β-lactam ring resulting from a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon in the β-lactam moiety is the preferred degradation pathway of β-lactam antibiotics in aqueous solutions.

Stability of ceftiofur sodium and cefquinome sulphate in intravenous solutions

Stability of ceftiofur sodium and cefquinome sulphate in intravenous solutions was studied. Chromatographic separation and quantitative determination were performed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-DAD detection. During the stability study, poly(vinylchloride) minibags were filled with a solution containing 5 mg of ceftiofur sodium or cefquinome sulphate and diluted to 0.2 mg/mL with suitable intravenous solution depending on the test conditions. The solutions for the study were protected from light and stored at room temperature (22°C), refrigerated (6°C), frozen (−20°C) for 30 days, and then thawed at room temperature. A comparison of results obtained at 22°C and 6°C for the same intravenous solutions showed that temperature as well as components of solutions and their concentration had an influence on the stability of ceftiofur sodium and cefquinome sulphate. It was found that ceftiofur sodium and cefquinome sulphate dissolved in intravenous solutions used in this study may be stored at room temperature and at 6°C for up to 48 h.

Stability studies of cefpirome sulfate in the solid state: Identification of degradation products

The process of degradation was studied by using an HPLC-DAD method. Four degradation products were identified with a hybrid ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometer. The influence of temperature and relative air humidity (RH) on the stability of cefpirome sulfate was investigated. In the solid state the degradation of cefpirome sulfate was a first-order reaction depending on the substrate concentration. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of degradation were calculated.