1
|
Ho TH, Hien TD, Wilhelmsen Ø, Trinh TT. Thermophysical properties of polyethylene glycol oligomers via molecular dynamics simulations. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28125-28137. [PMID: 39228756 PMCID: PMC11369976 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04898a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a versatile chemical with numerous applications in various fields, including biomedical research, pharmaceutical development, and industrial manufacturing. Molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful tool for investigating the thermophysical properties of PEG molecules. In this study, we employ the General AMBER force field (GAFF) to perform MD simulations on various PEG oligomers, focusing on the calculation of density, self-diffusion coefficients, shear viscosity, and thermal conductivity. The results demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental data, where GAFF outperforms other force fields in reproducing thermophysical properties. For a PEG tetramer, the GAFF force field reproduces experimental data within 5% for the density, 5% for the diffusion coefficient, and 10% for the viscosity. In comparison, the OPLS force field displays significant deviations exceeding 80% for the diffusion coefficient and 400% for the viscosity. A detailed analysis of partial charge distributions and dihedral angles reveals that they significantly impact the structural behavior of PEG oligomers. The findings highlight the GAFF force field as one of the most accurate and reliable options for simulating systems with PEGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi H Ho
- Laboratory for Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Mechanical - Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Technology, Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Tong Duy Hien
- Faculty of Engineering, Vietnamese-German University (VGU) Thu Dau Mot City Binh Duong Province 75000 Vietnam
| | - Øivind Wilhelmsen
- Department of Chemistry, Porelab, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Thuat T Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, Porelab, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salam OA, Hamad HA, Eltokhy MAR, Ali AI, Son JY, Ramzy GH. A comparative study of PMMA/PEG polymer nanocomposites doped with different oxides nanoparticles for potential optoelectronic applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19295. [PMID: 39164269 PMCID: PMC11336101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PMMA/PEG and PMMA/PEG doped with SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3 were fabricated using the solution-casting technique. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which revealed that the amorphous nature of PMMA/PEG blend doped with Al2O3 was hindered by the crystalline nature of those doped with SiO2 and TiO2. The absorption of PMMA/PEG blend doped with Al2O3 is higher, band gap energies were decreased from 4.90 eV for PMMA/PEG blend to 4.03 eV, 3.09 eV, and 2.09 eV for SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3 doped PMMA/PEG blend, respectively. The dielectric constant, ε' has a high value (2 × 104) for samples PMMA/PEG and SiO2/PMMA/PEG. While dielectric lossε ″ -values decreased to < 100 for TiO2/PMMA/PEG and Al2O3/PMMA/PEG. Further, the fabricated composite SiO2/PMMA/PEG led to improvement the optical and dielectric properties compared with PMMA/PEG for optoelectronic such as manufacturing of optical fiber cables application. The results show TiO2/PMMA/PEG and Al2O3/PMMA/PEG are multifunctional can be used as low-permittivity nanodielectric and substrates to design the next generation of flexible electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel Salam
- Electronic Technology Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Saray-El Qoupa, El Sawah Street, Cairo, 11281, Egypt
| | - Hisham A Hamad
- Electronic Technology Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Saray-El Qoupa, El Sawah Street, Cairo, 11281, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A R Eltokhy
- Electronic Technology Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Saray-El Qoupa, El Sawah Street, Cairo, 11281, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Ali
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Saray-El Qoupa, El Sawah Street, Cairo, 11281, Egypt.
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Yeog Son
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Galal H Ramzy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen Y, Son J, Yu XY. ToF-SIMS evaluation of PEG-related mass peaks and applications in PEG detection in cosmetic products. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14980. [PMID: 38951137 PMCID: PMC11217440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are used in industrial, medical, health care, and personal care applications. The cycling and disposal of synthetic polymers like PEGs pose significant environmental concerns. Detecting and monitoring PEGs in the real world calls for immediate attention. This study unveils the efficacy of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) as a reliable approach for precise analysis and identification of reference PEGs and PEGs used in cosmetic products. By comparing SIMS spectra, we show remarkable sensitivity in pinpointing distinctive ion peaks inherent to various PEG compounds. Moreover, the employment of principal component analysis effectively discriminates compositions among different samples. Notably, the application of SIMS two-dimensional image analysis visually portrays the spatial distribution of various PEGs as reference materials. The same is observed in authentic cosmetic products. The application of ToF-SIMS underscores its potential in distinguishing PEGs within intricate environmental context. ToF-SIMS provides an effective solution to studying emerging environmental challenges, offering straightforward sample preparation and superior detection of synthetic organics in mass spectral analysis. These features show that SIMS can serve as a promising alternative for evaluation and assessment of PEGs in terms of the source, emission, and transport of anthropogenic organics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Shen
- College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, 5147 Dongfeng East Street, Weifang, 261061, Shandong, China
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Jiyoung Son
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ba M, Li W, Song Y, Zhang Y, Xu X, Liu H, Cai Z, Hu S, Liu X, Sun T. Hydroxyl-functionalized pillar[5]arene with high separation performance for gas chromatography. Analyst 2024; 149:925-934. [PMID: 38192226 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01975f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Here we report the first example of employing hydroxyl-functionalized pillar[5]arene (P5A-C10-OH) as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatographic (GC) separations. The statically coated P5A-C10-OH capillary column possessed moderate polarity and column efficiency of 3233 plates per m determined by n-dodecane. As a result, the P5A-C10-OH column exhibited high-resolution capability for the mixture of 17 analytes from apolar to polar nature. Importantly, it exhibited advantageous performance for high resolution of the challenging isomers of bromonitrobenzene, chloroaniline, bromoaniline, iodoaniline and dimethylaniline with good peak shapes over the P5A-C10 and commercial HP-35 columns. In addition, eight cis-/trans-isomers with diverse types were baseline separated on the P5A-C10-OH column. And the application of detecting isomeric impurities in real samples gave strong evidence of its potential and feasibility for the viable GC analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Ba
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Li
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Yanli Song
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Xu
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Haixin Liu
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Shaoqiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Xianming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Socas LBP, Ambroggio EE. Linking surface tension to water polarization with a new hypothesis: The Ling-Damodaran Isotherm. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113515. [PMID: 37634284 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Studying aqueous solutions of complex (bio)polymers is essential from both theoretical and practical perspectives. To understand the principles that govern the properties of these solutions is pivotal for the study of biological processes, considering that the most distinguished components of the cells are polymers (proteins, nucleic acids). These macromolecular aqueous systems, known as colloids, has raise the interest of scientists in recent years. It is known that several physicochemical properties deviate from ideal behaviour in this kind of solutions and that the physical state of water is different compared to its pure state. Particularly, the surface tension of such mixtures often shows a peculiar profile at semi-dilute and concentrated conditions. Here, we joined the colloidal concept of water polarization (proposed in the Association-Induction Hypothesis) with Damodaran's formalism for surface tension to theoretically derive a compelling mathematical model that explains the behaviour of polymer solutions. We measured the surface tension and osmolarity of different polyethylene oxide solutions and we used the ACDAN fluorescence probe to assess the water dipolar relaxation (polarization) in these mixtures. As a proof of concept, we also studied the influence of these polymer solutions on lipid interfaces. Our isotherm model explains the experimental observations with a unifying view that correlates with other measured properties, such as osmolarity and water dipolar relaxation. This provides a link between interfacial and bulk physicochemical properties of polymer solutions, also giving a new framework for studying the interaction of colloidal systems with lipid membranes interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L B P Socas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica-Ranwel Caputto, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende s/n, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende s/n, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - E E Ambroggio
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica-Ranwel Caputto, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende s/n, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende s/n, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ba M, Chen R, Huang Q, Song Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Liu H, Xu X, Zhang W, Cai Z, Sun T. High-Resolution Performance of Polycaprolactone Functionalized with Guanidinium Ionic Liquid for Gas Chromatography. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300350. [PMID: 37377049 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This work firstly reported a new polycaprolactone based material functionalized with guanidinium ionic liquid (PCL-GIL) as the stationary phase with high resolution performance for capillary gas chromatography (GC). It is composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and guanidinium ionic liquid (GIL) with amphiphilic conformation. The PCL-GIL capillary column coated by static method exhibited high column efficiency of 3942 plates/m and moderate polarity. As a result, the PCL-GIL column exhibited high-resolution capability. For a mixture of 27 analytes with a wide ranging polarity and outperformed the PCL-2OH and HP-35 columns, showing its advantageous separation capability for analytes of diverse types. Moreover, the PCL-GIL column showed high resolving capability for various positional isomers and cis-/trans-isomers, including alkylbenzenes, chlorobenzenes, naphthalenes, bromonitrobenzenes, chloronitrobenzenes, benzaldehydes, phenols, alcohols, respectively. In a word, PCL derivatized by GIL units as a new type of stationary phase has a promising future in GC separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Ba
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Chen
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Qiuchen Huang
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Song
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Wen Li
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Haixin Liu
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heterocyclic Compounds, Handan University, Handan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leonarski E, Kuasnei M, Cesca K, Oliveira DD, Zielinski AAF. Black rice and its by-products: anthocyanin-rich extracts and their biological potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:9261-9279. [PMID: 37194647 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2211169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, growing demand for products enriched with natural compounds that support human health has been observed. Black rice, its by-products, and residues are known to have in their composition a large amount of these compounds with biological potential, mainly anthocyanins. These compounds have reported effects on anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the extract from black rice or its by-products have great potential for application as ingredients in functional foods, supplements, or pharmacological formulations. This overview summarizes the methods employed for the extraction of anthocyanins from both black rice and its by-products. In addition, trends in applications of these extracts are also evaluated regarding their biological potential. Commonly, the extraction methods used to recover anthocyanins are conventional (maceration) and some emerging technologies (Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction - UAE, and Microwave-Assisted Extraction - MAE). Anthocyanin-rich extracts from black rice have presented a biological potential for human health. In vitro and in vivo assays (in mice) showed these compounds mainly with anti-cancer properties. However, more clinical trials are still needed to prove these potential biological effects. Extracts from black rice and its by-products have great potential in applying functional products with beneficial characteristics to humans and reducing agro-industrial residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Leonarski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mayara Kuasnei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Karina Cesca
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Acácio A F Zielinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun Z, Qi M. End-modification of poly(ether-carbonate) copolymer by adamantane cages: An effective approach for improving the selectivity of gas chromatographic stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1695:463940. [PMID: 36990034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the investigation of a new poly(propylene-carbonate) copolymer terminated by the adamantane cages (APPC) as the stationary phase for gas chromatographic (GC) analyses. In GC, the selectivity of a stationary phase is the key factor that governs the column separation performance for analytes, particularly those of high similarity in structures and properties. As such, we employed more than a dozen of isomer mixtures of separation difficulty for investigating the separation performance of the APPC column, involving the isomers of alkanes, alkylbenzenes, halobenzenes phenols and anilines. Meanwhile, the column coated with poly(propylene carbonate) diol (PPCD) differing from APPC only in their terminal groups and two commercial columns coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polysiloxane, respectively, were used as the reference columns. The separation results evidenced the distinctly advantageous performance of the APPC column over the reference columns. Moreover, the APPC column showed excellent repeatability and reproducibility with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values over the range of 0.01%-0.04% for run-to-run, 0.15%-0.28% for day-to-day and 3.4%-3.9% for column-to-column (n = 4). Its application to GC-MS analysis of the verbena essential oil demonstrated its separation advantages for a wide range of components in practical samples. Up to date, the adamantyl-terminated poly(ether-carbonate) copolymers have not been reported in any fields. Its high-resolution performance demonstrates the feasibility of adamantyl-terminated block copolymers as highly selective stationary phases for GC analyses, which offers a vast room for fundamental researches and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Separation performance of the calix[8]arene functionalized with polyethylene glycol units for capillary gas chromatography. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:989-998. [PMID: 36826712 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an amphiphilic calix[8]arene with polyethylene glycol unit branches (C8A-PEG) was synthesized and applied for capillary gas chromatography (GC). The C8A-PEG was coated on the inner wall of a capillary column by a static method with the column efficiency of 3165 plates/m and polar nature. As demonstrated, the C8A-PEG column has excellent physicochemical properties and separation performance since it has π-electron-rich 3D cavity which combines with polar PEG units. Compared with two columns corresponding to the construction units C8A and PEG, the C8A-PEG column shows distinctly advantageous performance for the mixture of 22 components with diverse types. Impressively, it shows satisfactory resolution for positional isomers and cis-/trans- isomers, especially the challenging isomers of toluidine and dimethylaniline. The outstanding distinguishing capability of the C8A-PEG stationary phase is mainly attributed to the abundant molecular recognition interactions, including van der Waals, dipole-dipole, H-bonding and π-π stacking interactions. This work has proved that the new GC stationary phases constructed by different units can complement each other's advantages, improve their physicochemical properties and separation performance, and have broad application prospects in chromatographic analysis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun Z, Qi M. High separation performance of carbon dioxide-based poly(ether-carbonate) copolymer for gas chromatographic analyses. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463493. [PMID: 36166885 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the investigation of a novel CO2-based poly(ether-carbonate) copolymer, namely poly(propylene ether-carbonate)diol (PPCD), for gas chromatographic (GC) analyses. The PPCD column exhibited column efficiency of 4000 plates/m determined by naphthalene at 120 ℃ with the retention factor 6.23. Its separation performance was investigated by adopting a wide variety of analytes and isomers, including the isomer mixtures of alkanes, substituted benzene isomers with diverse groups, phenols and anilines, and the mixtures of organic solvents of high volatility, aliphatic amines and N-heterocycles. As a result, the PPCD column displayed distinctly higher resolving capability than the commercial columns described herein and achieved high column inertness towards acidic/basic analytes without involving any deactivation procedure. Additionally, it displayed excellent separation repeatability and reproducibility with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values less than 0.01% for within-day and in the range of 0.26% - 0.36% for between-day and 3.0% - 4.1% for between-column (n = 4). Further, the PPCD column (30 m) was used to GC-MS analysis of the lemongrass essential oil and resolved more components well than the indicated commercial columns, evidencing its outstanding separation performance for analyses of complex samples. Up to date, the CO2-based poly(ether-carbonate) copolymers are not reported in the field of chromatography. This work demonstrates their promising future as a new type of selective and inert stationary phases for practical GC analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Selective Separation of Polar Unsaturated Organics Using a Water Stationary Phase in Gas Chromatography. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Duan R, Qi M. Amphiphilic triblock copolymer as the gas chromatographic stationary phase with high-resolution performance towards a wide range of isomers and the components of lemon essential oil. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1658:462611. [PMID: 34666270 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the investigation of using the amphiphilic triblock copolymer composed of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) (denoted as EPE) as the stationary phase for gas chromatographic (GC) analyses. The EPE capillary column exhibited moderate polarity and column efficiency of 4348 plates/m determined by naphthalene at 120 °C (k = 11.52). Different from the PEG and polysiloxane homopolymers, it showed high-resolution performance towards a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic isomers in terms of polarity and acid-base properties. Particularly, the EPE column displayed distinct advantages for separating the critical isomers of alkanes, anilines and phenols and the components of the lemon essential oil over the commercial PEG and polysiloxane columns. In addition, the EPE column exhibited excellent separation repeatability and reproducibility with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values in the range of 0.03% - 0.08% for run-to-run, 0.14% - 0.61% for day-to-day and 3.1% - 4.0% for column-to-column, respectively. Moreover, the EPE column was investigated in terms of thermal stability, the minimum allowable operating temperature (MiAOT) and sample loadability. Its application to GC-MS analysis of the essential oil demonstrated its feasibility for practical analyses. This work demonstrates the promising future of triblock copolymers as a new class of selective stationary phases for GC analyses, which is barely reported up to date. The findings of this work is of important value for fundamental researches and practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He Y, Shi T, Qi M. A novel triptycene-terminated polymer used as the gas chromatographic stationary phase towards organic acidic/basic analytes and isomers. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
14
|
Hammad SF, Abdallah IA, Bedair A, Mansour FR. Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction as an alternative sample preparation technique for biomedical analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:185-209. [PMID: 34472701 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction is a widely used technique of sample preparation in biomedical analysis. In spite of the high pre-concentration capacities of liquid-liquid extraction, it suffers from a number of limitations including time and effort consumption, large organic solvent utilization, and poor performance in highly polar analytes. Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction is an alternative sample preparation technique that overcomes some drawbacks of conventional liquid-liquid extraction, and allows employing greener organic solvents in sample treatment. In homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction, a homogeneous phase is formed between the aqueous sample and the water-miscible extractant, followed by chemically or physically induced phase separation. To form the homogeneous phase, aqueous samples are mixed with water-miscible organic solvents, water-immiscible solvents/cosolvents, surfactants, or smart polymers. Then, phase separation is induced chemically (adding salt, sugar, or buffer) or physically (changing temperature or pH). This mode is rapid, sustainable, and cost-effective in comparison with other sample preparation techniques. Moreover, homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction is more suitable for the extraction of delicate macromolecules such as enzymes, hormones, and proteins and it is more compatible with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, which is a vital technique in metabolomics and proteomics. In this review, the principle, types, applications, automation, and technical aspects of homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherin F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Alaa Bedair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao H, Qi M. Amphiphilic tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate as gas chromatographic stationary phase for high-resolution separations of challenging isomers and analysis of lavender essential oil. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3600-3607. [PMID: 34329529 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the investigation of using tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate as the stationary phase for gas chromatography separations of isomers with different varieties and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of a wide range of components in lavender essential oil. Its capillary column exhibited moderate polarity and column efficiency of 4000 plates/m determined by n-dodecane at 120°C. As demonstrated, it showed outstanding separation performance toward challenging isomers such as xylenes, alkanes, phenols, and anilines and a wide range of components in essential oils with distinct advantages over the commercial polyethylene glycol and polysiloxane columns. Moreover, its capillary columns displayed excellent repeatability and reproducibility with the RSD values of the retention times in the range of 0.02-0.07% for run-to-run, 0.14-0.22% for day-to-day, and 2.5-4.3% for column-to-column. Its application to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the lavender essential oil proved its good potential for practical gas chromatography analyses. To our knowledge, this work presents the first example of employing tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate for chromatographic analyses and demonstrates its promising future in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi Y, Qi M. Separation performance of the copolymer and homopolymer of aliphatic polycarbonate diols as the stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462223. [PMID: 34038781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the investigation of two aliphatic polycarbonate diols (CAPC and HAPC) as the stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (GC). The CAPC and HAPC capillary columns showed moderate polarity and high column efficiency of 3704 - 4545 plates/m measured by n-octanol and naphthalene at 120 °C. It was found that despite their similar chemical compositions, CAPC and HAPC differ largely in their selectivity towards the isomers of alkanes, methylpyridines and xylenes. As demonstrated, the CAPC column exhibits advantageous comprehensive performance over the HAPC column and the commercial PEG column. Particularly, the CAPC column exhibits higher resolving performance towards the isomers indicated above and the Grob mixture than the HAPC column. Also, it shows distinct advantages over the PEG column in separating the Grob mixture, the isomers of diethylbenzenes and cymenes, and practical analysis of chemical products and the essential oil from the leaves of Rhododendron dauricum L. Additionally, the CAPC column has excellent repeatability and reproducibility on analyte retention times with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values in the range of 0.05% - 0.08% for run-to-run, 0.12% - 0.19% for day-to-day and 2.6% - 4.9% for column-to-column, respectively. Its applications to purity test of chemical products and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil demonstrate its promising future for practical GC analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meyer RM, Berger L, Nerkamp J, Scheler S, Nehring S, Friess W. Identification of monoclonal antibody variants involved in aggregate formation - Part 2: Hydrophobicity variants. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 160:134-142. [PMID: 33524536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are valuable tools both in therapy and in diagnostic. Their tendency to aggregate is a serious concern. Since a mAb drug substance (DS) is composed of different variants, it is important for manufacturers to know the behavior and stability not only of the mAb as a whole, but also of the variants contained in the product. We present a method to separate hydrophobicity variants of a mAb and subsequently analyzed these variants for stability and aggregation propensity. We identified a potentially aggregation prone hydrophilic variant which is interrelated with another previously identified aggregation prone acidic charge variant. Additionally, we assessed the risk posed by the aggregation prone variant to the DS by spiking hydrophobicity variants into DS and did not observe an enhanced aggregation propensity. Thus we present an approach to separate, characterize and analyze the criticality of aggregation prone variants in protein DS which is a step forward to further assure drug safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robina M Meyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Berger
- Sandoz Biopharmaceutics, Biochemiestr. 10, 6336 Langkampfen, Austria
| | - Joerg Nerkamp
- Sandoz Biopharmaceutics, Biochemiestr. 10, 6336 Langkampfen, Austria
| | - Stefan Scheler
- Sandoz Biopharmaceutics, Biochemiestr. 10, 6336 Langkampfen, Austria
| | - Sebastian Nehring
- Sandoz Biopharmaceutics, Biochemiestr. 10, 6336 Langkampfen, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cong H, Wang F, Chen Y, Hu H, Chen X, Shen Y, Yu B. Thermally Responsive Anti‐Protein Adsorption Coated Capillary for Electrophoretic Analysis of Proteins. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibres and Eco-Textiles Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
- Centre for Bio nanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibres and Eco-Textiles Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yin C, Fu J, Lu X. Poly(ethylene oxide) helical conformation and alkali metal cation selectivity studied using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8719. [PMID: 31899562 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-alkali metal cation interaction is widely used in many areas. The conformation of the PEO-alkali metal cation complex has been studied extensively, but the conformational mechanism is still unclear. Simulations have been used to explain the mechanism, but there is a lack of experimental data from long PEO chains to verify the simulation results. METHODS The relative peak abundance of PEO (iso-C10 H21 (OC2 H4 )n OH (naverage = 7, where n denotes the number of ethylene oxide (EO) units) oligomers complexed to five alkali metal cations (Li+ , Na+ , K+ , Rb+ and Cs+ ) was studied using positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The ion selectivity of PEO oligomers to alkali metal cations corresponded to the peak abundance in competitive ESI-MS. RESULTS PEO formed its first helix when the number of EO units reached six and the helix played an important role in the ion selectivity of PEO. For larger PEO oligomers with a helix, the ion selectivity of PEO depended on the degree of host-guest matching of the cations and the helix. The highest selectivity of PEO to K+ was due to K+ providing the best shape matching with the helical cavity. For smaller PEO oligomers without a helix, the selectivity was mainly determined by the surface charge density of the cations. CONCLUSIONS The formational mechanism of the PEO-alkali metal cation complex was predicted. The results gave straightforward evidence to explain the conformational mechanism of the PEO-alkali metal cation complex and provided experimental data for further simulation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changna Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Xiuyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Separation performance of a new triptycene-based stationary phase with polyethylene glycol units and its application to analysis of the essential oil of Osmanthus fragrans Lour. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460928. [PMID: 32008822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a new triptycene-based stationary phase (TP-PEG) combining the three-dimensional (3D) triptycene (TP) framework with polyethylene glycol (PEG) moieties for gas chromatographic (GC) separations. Its statically coated capillary column showed high column efficiency of 5263 plates/m determined by naphthalene at 120 °C. Its Rohrschneider-McReynolds constants and Abraham solvation system constants were measured to characterize its polarity and molecular interactions with analytes of different types. As evidenced, the TP-PEG column showed high-resolution performance for the isomers of anilines, phenols, halobenzenes and alkanes with distinct advantages over the PEG columns, particularly those critical isomers such as 3,5-/2,3-xylidine (R = 2.94), m-/p-chlorotoluene (R = 1.92), p-/m-cresol (R = 1.89), 2,2-dimethylbutane/2-methylpentane (R = 1.51), 2,2,3-trimethylbutane /2,3-dimethyl pentane (R = 1.74) and 2,3-dimethylpentane/n-heptane (R = 1.92). In addition, it exhibited good column repeatability and reproducibility with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 0.02%-0.09% for run-to-run, 0.13%-0.22% for day-to-day and 2.7%-4.1% for column-to-column, respectively, and a wide operational temperature range (30 °C-280 °C) . Its application to GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of Osmanthus fragrans has proven its good potential for practical analysis of complex samples.
Collapse
|
21
|
Xiong X, Qi M. A novel column fabrication approach for capillary gas chromatography via a cross-linked organogel network with high stability and inertness. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02185g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A new column fabrication approach for capillary gas chromatography with high column selectivity, stability and inertness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shi T, Qi M, Huang X. High-resolution performance of triptycene functionalized with polycaprolactones for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1614:460714. [PMID: 31761436 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing highly selective stationary phases is essential to address the issues for separation of analytes with similar properties and various components in complex samples. Herein, we report a new triptycene-based material functionalized with polycaprolactone moieties (TP-PCL) as the stationary phase with high-resolution performance for gas chromatography (GC). The TP-PCL capillary column exhibited column efficiency of 5555 plates/m and moderate polarity. On the column, dozens of mixtures of positional and structural isomers can be well resolved, involving benzene derivatives with varying substituents (alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxyl, amino), naphthalene derivatives, alkanes and alcohols. It exhibits advantageous performance for high resolution of the critical pairs of alkylbenzenes, phenols, anilines and alkanes over the PCL column and commercial DB-35 MS column with similar polarity. Moreover, the TP-PCL column showed excellent separation repeatability and reproducibility with RSD values of 0.02%-0.07% for run-to-run (n = 4), 0.11%-0.18% for day-to-day (n = 4) and 2.1%-4.7% for column-to-column (n = 4). In addition, it exhibited distinctly enhanced thermal stability in contrast to the PCL column. Its application to analysis of the essential oil from Artemisiae argyi proves its good potential for practical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xuebin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mansour FR, Waheed S, Paull B, Maya F. Porogens and porogen selection in the preparation of porous polymer monoliths. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:56-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fotouh R. Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyTanta University Tanta Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Services CenterFaculty of PharmacyTanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Sidra Waheed
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES) School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES) School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Poole CF. Gas chromatography system constant database over an extended temperature range for nine open-tubular columns. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1590:130-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
Kaul MJ, Qadah D, Mandella V, Dietz M. Systematic evaluation of hydrophobic deep-melting eutectics as alternative solvents for the extraction of organic solutes from aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2019; 9:15798-15804. [PMID: 35521383 PMCID: PMC9064306 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01596e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The partitioning of a number of organic compounds, including a series of n-alkanols and various simple, substituted benzene derivatives, between several hydrophobic (i.e., water-immiscible) deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) and water has been examined. The extent of extraction is shown to vary with the charge state of the molecule and the composition of the eutectic. In addition, the HDES–water distribution of a given solute is found to be directly proportional to (but typically less than) its partitioning in the octanol–water system, consistent with a significant role for solute hydrophobicity in the observed extraction behavior. Comparison of solute extraction into an HDES to that observed for other “unconventional” solvents (e.g., room-temperature ionic liquids and a soybean-derived oil) shows that hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents provide comparable or superior extraction efficiency. Organic solute partitioning between a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent and water is directly related to the corresponding Pow values.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Kaul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Diab Qadah
- Department of Chemistry
- Birzeit University
- Palestine
| | - Victoria Mandella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Mark L. Dietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Retention Behavior of Polyethylene Glycol and Its Influence on Protein Elution on Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Media. Chromatographia 2018; 81:1641-1648. [PMID: 30546156 PMCID: PMC6267512 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The retention behavior of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on different types of hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) resins containing butyl, octyl, and phenyl ligands was analyzed. An incomplete elution or splitting of the polymer peak into two parts was observed, where the first one was eluted at the dead time of the column, whereas the second one was strongly retained. The phenomenon was attributed to conformation changes of the polymer upon its adsorption on hydrophobic surface. The effect enhanced with increasing molecular weight of the polymer and hydrophobicity of the HIC media. Addition of PEG to the mobile phase reduced binding of proteins to HIC resins, which was demonstrated with two model systems: lysozyme (LYZ) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), and their mixtures. In case of LYZ, the presence of PEG caused reduction in the protein retention, whereas for IgG—a decrease in efficiency of the protein capture. The effect depended on the adsorption pattern of PEG; it was pronounced in the systems in which conformational changes of the polymer were suggested to occur.
Collapse
|
27
|
Liquid chromatography with alkylammonium formate ionic liquid mobile phases and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1559:128-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
28
|
Clarke CJ, Tu WC, Levers O, Bröhl A, Hallett JP. Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:747-800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coby J. Clarke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Chien Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Levers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bröhl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu X, Wang Y, Liu C, Jin Z, Tian Y. Preparative fractionation of dextrin by polyethylene glycol: Effects of initial dextrin concentration and pH. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1530:226-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
30
|
Coil Interpenetration, Segment Aggregation and Adsorption of PEG at Water/Air Interface. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-1959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
31
|
Fang Y, Giesecke M, Furó I. Complexing Cations by Poly(ethylene oxide): Binding Site and Binding Mode. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:2179-2188. [PMID: 28198620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The binding of K+ and Ba2+ cations to short poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains with ca. 4-25 monomeric units in methanol was studied by determining the effective charge of the polymer through a combination of electrophoretic NMR and diffusion NMR experiments. These cations were previously found to bind to long PEO chains in a similar strong manner. In addition, 1H chemical shift and longitudinal spin relaxation rate changes upon binding were quantified. For both systems, binding was stronger for the short chains than that for the longer chains, which is attributed mainly to interactions between bound ions. For K+ ions, the equilibrium binding constant of a cation to a binding site was measured. For both cations, the binding site was estimated to consist of ca. six monomeric units that coordinated with the respective ions. For the systems with barium, a significant fraction of the bound ions are (BaAnion)+ ion pairs. This leads to a strong anion effect in the effective charge of the oligomers acquired upon barium ion binding. For K+, the coordinating oligomer segment remains rather mobile and individual oligomers exchange rapidly (≪s) between their free and ion-complexing states. In contrast, segmental dynamics slows significantly for the oligomer section that coordinates with the barium species, and for individual oligomers, binding and nonbinding sections do not exchange on the time scale of seconds. Hence, oligomers also exchange slowly (>s) between their free and barium complexing states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Giesecke
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - István Furó
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Peng J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Qi M. High-resolution separation performance of poly(caprolactone)diol for challenging isomers of xylenes, phenols and anilines by capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1466:148-54. [PMID: 27608617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Efficient separation of xylenes, phenols and anilines is a big issue in chemical and petroleum industries. This work presents the first example of employing poly (caprolactone) diol (PCL-Diol) as stationary phase for high-resolution gas chromatographic (GC) separations of these tough isomer mixtures. It showed medium polarity and stronger H-bonding basicity than H-bonding acidity. Impressively, PCL-Diol column exhibited extremely high resolving capability for the isomer mixtures of xylenes, cresols/xylenols, and toluidines/xylidines with good peak shapes. Moreover, it exhibited preferential retention for analytes of a linear alkyl chain, suggesting its shape fitting selectivity for specific analytes. In addition, its separation performance has good repeatability with RSD values on retention times below 0.01% for run to run (n=6), 0.67-0.80% for day to day (n=4) and 3.2-4.4% for column to column (n=4) repeatability, respectively. Furthermore, it was applied for the determination of isomer impurities in real samples, showing good potential for practical use. This work demonstrates the advantageous high-resolution separation performance for challenging isomers and shows its promising future of PCL-Diol-based materials in separation science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|