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Bhattarai U, Gautam A, Shrestha M, Rayamajhi A, Basnet R, Saravanan M, Dey AB, Chatterjee P. Factors Associated with Subjective Aging Among Older Outpatients In Northern - India. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 2024; 9:122-130. [PMID: 38835619 PMCID: PMC11145099 DOI: 10.22540/jfsf-09-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of the study was to investigate factors associated with subjective aging among older patients visiting a geriatric medicine outpatient department in Northern-India. Methods The study is a cross-sectional study. Patients were categorized into three groups: whether they felt younger, equal, or older than their peers of same age. Factors such as fall, incontinence, anorexia, hand grip strength, cognition, depression, vision, hearing, cardiopulmonary function and immunization were assessed. Multinominal logistic regression was used to investigate the associated factors of subjective aging. Results We assessed 184 older patients with a median age of 66.5 years (IQR 63.0 -78.8). Chronological age and hand grip strength were the significant factors associated with subjective aging. With one year increase in age, odds of feeling older than peers of same age decreased by 8.9% (OR, 0.911; 95% CI, 0.831-0.999, p = 0.047). With one kilogram increase in hand grip strength, odds of feeling younger than peers of same age increased by 7.3% (OR, 1.073; 95% CI, 1.01-1.14, p = 0.032). Conclusion Chronological age and hand grip strength are the factors associated with subjective aging in Northern-Indian older adults. Further longitudinal multi-center studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urza Bhattarai
- Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Arun Gautam
- Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | | | | | - Rohan Basnet
- B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Fernández-Ballbé Ó, Martin-Moratinos M, Saiz J, Gallardo-Peralta L, Barrón López de Roda A. The Relationship between Subjective Aging and Cognition in Elderly People: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3115. [PMID: 38132005 PMCID: PMC10743019 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence on the effects of subjective aging on health, well-being and quality of life. This review aims to synthesize findings about the link between subjective aging and cognition and cognitive decline. Furthermore, it provides an examination of variation sources such as subjective aging construct, cognitive domains, measures employed, age and moderator variables. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, PsychInfo and Web of Science, as well as grey literature searches in Google Scholar, OpenGrey, WorldCat and NDLTD, which resulted in 59 reports being included. Subjective aging is a relevant construct in the explanation and prediction of cognitive aging and cognitive decline in elderly adults. More positive views about own aging and self-perceptions of aging, as well as a younger subjective age, were consistently related to better cognition and lower risk of cognitive decline. However, there were differences due to subjective aging subdimensions and cognitive domains, as well as an effect of age. Additionally, there were concerns about the content validity of some measures employed, such as the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale for subjective aging and the Mini Mental State Examination for global cognition. Further studies should employ longitudinal designs with a process-based approach to cognition and precise subjective aging measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Fernández-Ballbé
- Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (L.G.-P.); (A.B.L.d.R.)
| | | | - Jesus Saiz
- Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (L.G.-P.); (A.B.L.d.R.)
| | - Lorena Gallardo-Peralta
- Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (L.G.-P.); (A.B.L.d.R.)
| | - Ana Barrón López de Roda
- Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.); (L.G.-P.); (A.B.L.d.R.)
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3
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Sabatini S, Ukoumunne OC, Ballard C, Collins R, Kim S, Corbett A, Aarsland D, Hampshire A, Brooker H, Clare L. What does feeling younger or older than one's chronological age mean to men and women? Qualitative and quantitative findings from the PROTECT study. Psychol Health 2023; 38:324-347. [PMID: 34353194 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1960989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored which factors are associated with subjective age (SA), i.e. feeling younger, the same as, or older than one's chronological age, and whether these factors differ between men and women and between two age sub-groups. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using qualitative and quantitative data for 1457 individuals (mean age= 67.2 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants reported how old they feel they are and provided comments in relation to their SA judgments. RESULTS By using content analysis participants' comments were assigned to 13 categories, grouped into three higher-order categories (antecedents of age-related thoughts, mental processes, and issues when measuring subjective age). SA may result from the interaction between factors that increase or decrease age-related thoughts and mental processes that individuals use to interpret age-related changes. Chi-squared tests show that individuals reporting an older SA are more likely to experience significant negative changes and to engage in negative age-related thoughts than individuals reporting an age-congruent SA or a younger SA. Women experience a more negative SA and more age-salient events than men. CONCLUSION Individuals reporting an older SA may benefit from interventions promoting adaptation to negative age-related changes. There is the need to eradicate negative societal views of older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Sabatini
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Obioha C Ukoumunne
- NIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Collins
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sarang Kim
- Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Anne Corbett
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brooker
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Ecog Pro Ltd, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Clare
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,NIHR ARC South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Alolayyan MN, Hijazi B, Jalaileh RA. The association of patient safety culture with patient satisfaction: The role of the pharmacist's performance. JOURNAL OF PATIENT SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/25160435231160445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective A cross-sectional research, the questionnaire-based study aimed to investigate the association between patient safety culture and patient satisfaction through pharmacist performance, between patient safety culture and pharmacist performance, between pharmacist performance and patient satisfaction, and between patient safety culture and patient satisfaction. Methods Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians working in the community pharmacies evaluated the patient safety culture using an online self-administrated questionnaire filled out by participants. The first research questionnaire was adopted from the agency of healthcare research and quality (AHRQ), which was reliable and valid. Pharmacist performance and patient satisfaction were measured by using an online self-completion questionnaire that patients filled out. To measure performance, a previously validated questionnaire was used. For measuring patient satisfaction, The Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Clinical Services Questionnaire the final version (PSPSQ 2.0) was used. A total of 204 pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and 204 patients constitute the research sample. Results The results showed that there is a significant association between the patient safety culture and the pharmacist's performance; an insignificant association between the patient safety culture and patient satisfaction; a significant association between the pharmacist’s performance and patient satisfaction; and a pharmacist’s performance mediates the relationship between patient safety culture and patient satisfaction. Conclusion The pharmacy sector may effectively reinforce patient safety culture in community pharmacies and enhance pharmacists’ performance to improve the quality of care and increase patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Main Naser Alolayyan
- Health Management and Policy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jordan
| | - Bushra Hijazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jordan
| | - Raneen Atef Jalaileh
- Health Management and Policy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jordan
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5
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Wilton-Harding B, Weber N, Windsor TD. Awareness of age-related gains and losses as moderators of daily stress reactivity in middle- and older-adulthood. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:929657. [PMID: 36090357 PMCID: PMC9458888 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.929657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Associations between awareness of one's own aging and wellbeing have received increasing attention in the field of gerontology over the last decade. The current study examines how between-person differences and within-person fluctuations of awareness of age-related change (AARC) relate to daily negative affect and vitality. Of key interest was the extent to which fluctuations in AARC moderated reactivity to stressor exposure. We predicted that higher positive perceptions of aging (AARC-gains) would buffer the relationship between daily stressors and negative affect/vitality. Conversely, we expected that higher negative perceptions (AARC-losses) may exacerbate the relationship between daily stressors and the outcome variables. Methods Data were collected from a community-based sample of 152 Australian adults aged 53-86 (M = 69.18, SD = 5.73). For 10 consecutive days, participants completed surveys on their smartphones measuring daily stressors, AARC, and affect (positive and negative). Bayesian hierarchical linear models were used to examine whether AARC-gains and AARC-losses moderated within-person associations of daily stressors and affect (i.e., stress reactivity). Results At the between-person level, higher AARC-gains was associated with lower negative affect and higher vitality, whereas those reporting higher AARC-losses scored higher on negative affect and lower on vitality. Within-person variables revealed that on days when AARC-gains was higher and AARC-losses was lower, this corresponded with lower negative affect and higher vitality. There was no evidence in support of individual moderating effects of within-person AARC-losses or within-person AARC-gains on stress reactivity. A trend was evident in support of a three-way WP Stress severity × WP AARC-gains × WP AARC-losses interaction in the prediction of negative affect, indicating that on days when AARC-losses was higher, the association of stress severity with negative affect was weaker if AARC-gains was higher. Follow-up analyses modeling quadratic stress severity revealed a trend suggesting an interaction of within-person stress severity and within-person AARC-losses. Discussion Results indicate that both individual differences and short-term fluctuations in AARC are associated with daily negative affect and vitality. The results provided qualified support for a possible protective role of AARC-gains in the context of stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Weber
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tim D. Windsor
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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6
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Dunsmore VJ, Neupert SD. No Pain, No Gain? Personality Associations With Awareness of Aging Depend on Arthritis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:863152. [PMID: 35756270 PMCID: PMC9218331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.863152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Awareness of aging brings to light one’s own perceived behavioral, physical, and cognitive changes associated with getting older. Personality and physical illness are each related to two components of awareness of aging: attitudes toward own aging (ATOA), and awareness of age-related changes (AARC). Here, we move beyond main effects to examine how personality and arthritis interact with respect to awareness of aging. Materials and Methods 296 participants (M age = 64.67, SD = 4.36, Range = 60–90 years, 49.7% women) completed online self-report questionnaires of personality, arthritis, ATOA, and AARC gains and losses. Results We ran three hierarchical multiple regression models to test how personality traits and arthritis interacted to predict ATOA, AARC gains, and AARC losses, respectively. Higher extraversion was related to positive ATOA, and higher openness was related to positive ATOA and more AARC gains. Higher neuroticism was related to negative ATOA, more AARC losses, and less AARC gains. We found a main effect for arthritis, where those with arthritis reported more AARC losses. Lastly, we found a significant interaction between arthritis and agreeableness when predicting AARC gains. Among those with low agreeableness, people with arthritis reported significantly more AARC gains compared to those without arthritis. Conclusion Personality and arthritis are each important for awareness of aging. Overall, our study suggests that for those with arthritis, it is especially important to consider behavioral and cognitive factors related to agreeableness, as they may be important means of promoting positive views on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Dunsmore
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Shevaun D Neupert
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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7
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Wahl HW, Wettstein M, Tseng HY, Schlomann A, Schmidt L, Diehl M. Has the COVID-19 pandemic affected older adults' personal and general views on aging? Evidence for losses and gains. Dev Psychol 2022; 58:1188-1205. [PMID: 35311316 PMCID: PMC9682470 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic might have affected older adults' personal and general views on aging (VoA) because they were frequently, particularly during the early phase of the pandemic, portrayed as a homogeneous, vulnerable group in the media and in public debates. Also, their higher risk of severe COVID-19 disease progression as well as other pandemic-related stressors and restrictions might have impacted how older adults perceive their own aging. In this study, it was examined to which extent middle-aged and older adults' personal and general VoA changed due to the pandemic by distinguishing between normative age-graded change across multiple measurement occasions and potentially pandemic-specific history-graded change. Multiple VoA indicators (personal VoA: attitude toward own aging, subjective age, awareness of age-related change [gains and losses]; general VoA: domain-specific age stereotypes) of 423 German adults aged 40 years and older were assessed across three prepandemic measurement occasions (2012, 2015, and 2017) and one occasion after the pandemic's outbreak (summer 2020). Normative age-graded changes and pandemic-specific changes were estimated and compared using longitudinal multilevel regression analyses. Both perceived age-related gains and age-related losses decreased between 2012 and 2017, but increased thereafter between 2017 and 2020. Further, the overall change trend toward less positive attitude toward own aging slowed down from 2017 to 2020. There was also a slight trend toward younger subjective ages from 2017 to 2020. For most age stereotypes, pandemic-specific trends indicated a shift toward more negative stereotypes. These findings suggest that pandemic-specific changes in VoA are multidirectional, comprising perceptions of both losses and gains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Werner Wahl
- Network Aging Research & Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wettstein
- Network Aging Research & Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Han-Yun Tseng
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Anna Schlomann
- Network Aging Research & Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Educational Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Diehl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
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8
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Wettstein M, Kornadt AE, Wahl HW. Awareness of Age-Related Changes Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Longitudinal Trajectories, and the Role of Age Stereotypes and Personality Traits. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:902909. [PMID: 35693951 PMCID: PMC9174521 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.902909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC) describes to what extent people become aware of changes which they attribute to getting older. So far little is known regarding how different AARC dimensions change over time, to what extent these changes in different domains of AARC gains and losses are interrelated, and which predictors account for inter-individual differences in within-person longitudinal trajectories. Specifically, the extent to which individuals perceive age-related gains and losses might be shaped by their chronological age, their personality as well as by their general views on aging (i.e., their age stereotypes). We investigated changes in global and domain-specific AARC gains and losses over about five years in a sample of originally N = 423 participants aged 40 to 98 years at baseline. We analyzed the role of personality traits and age stereotypes for levels and changes of AARC, taking into account participants' age at baseline and controlling for gender, education, and subjective health. Based on longitudinal multilevel regression models, we observed mean-level declines in most AARC gain domains. In contrast, perceived general AARC losses, as well as AARC losses in health and physical functioning, in cognitive functioning and in social-cognitive/socio-emotional functioning remained, on average, stable over time. Baseline scores on AARC gains (global scale) were higher among individuals with higher neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness and more positive age stereotypes. Additionally, the association of higher neuroticism with higher AARC gain scores was stronger among individuals with more positive age stereotypes. Higher neuroticism and more negative age stereotypes also predicted higher baseline scores on AARC losses (global scale). At the same time, higher neuroticism was associated with a steeper decrease in AARC loss perceptions over time. Most of the intercorrelations within the intercepts and within the intra-individual trajectories of the different AARC domains were positive, but small in size. Our findings show the importance of considering trajectories of age-related gains and losses in parallel and across multiple developmental domains when investigating the subjective perception of the aging process. They also suggest that personality traits and general age stereotypes are related with individual experiences of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wettstein
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna E. Kornadt
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Hans-Werner Wahl
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Gilleard C. Age, subjectivity and the concept of subjective age: A critique. J Aging Stud 2022; 60:101001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2022.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Wettstein M, Werner-Wahl H, Spuling SM. Nine-year changes in self-reported problems with vision and hearing among older adults: do subjective age views matter? Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:2200-2212. [PMID: 32985229 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1822290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES So far, little is known about linkages between subjective age views and long-term changes in vision and hearing. METHOD We examined the predictive role of two key measures of subjective age views (attitude toward own aging [ATOA]; aging-related cognitions comprising continuous growth, social loss, and physical decline) for changes in self-reported problems with vision and hearing over a period of up to 9 years. A subsample of the German Ageing Survey was used, consisting of 2,499 older adults. RESULTS Controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms, we found that with increasing age, more favorable ATOA scores, as well as higher scores on continuous growth and lower scores on physical decline, were associated with fewer self-reported vision problems at baseline. With advancing age, more favorable ATOA scores were also related with fewer hearing problems at baseline. However, among individuals with an older baseline age, more favorable ATOA scores were associated with a steeper increase in vision problems. Higher scores on continuous growth were related with less increase in hearing problems, independent of age. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that subjective age views predict individuals' self-reported vision and hearing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans- Werner-Wahl
- Department of Psychological Ageing Research, Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Kornadt AE, Albert I, Hoffmann M, Murdock E, Nell J. Perceived Ageism During the Covid-19-Crisis Is Longitudinally Related to Subjective Perceptions of Aging. Front Public Health 2021; 9:679711. [PMID: 34327186 PMCID: PMC8313802 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.679711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageism in media and society has increased sharply during the Covid-19-crisis, with expected negative consequences for the health and well-being of older adults. The current study investigates whether perceived ageism during the crisis longitudinally affects how people perceive their own aging. In June 2020, N = 611 older adults from Luxembourg [aged 60–98 years, Mage(SD) = 69.92(6.97)] participated in a survey on their perception of the crisis. In October 2020, N = 523 participated in a second measurement occasion. Participants reported on perceived ageism during the crisis in different domains, their self-perceptions of aging and subjective age. In latent longitudinal regression models, we predicted views on aging at T2 with perceived ageism at T1, while controlling for baseline views on aging and covariates. Perceived ageism at T1 increased self-perceptions of aging as social loss and yielded a trend for physical decline, while there were no effects on subjective age and self-perceptions of aging as continued growth. Views on aging are powerful predictors of well-being and health outcomes in later life. Our data suggest that being the target of ageism during the crisis negatively affects older adults' self-perceptions of aging and this impact may be felt beyond the current crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Kornadt
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Isabelle Albert
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Elke Murdock
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Josepha Nell
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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12
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Deeg DJH, Timmermans EJ, Kok AAL. Capturing Subjective Age, Subjective Life Expectancy, and Their Links With Older Adults' Health: The Dutch Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. J Aging Health 2021; 33:633-644. [PMID: 33787379 PMCID: PMC8236662 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211004001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study compares the associations of two subjective lifetime perspectives, subjective age (SA) and subjective life expectancy (SLE), with physical performance, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms. Methods: 64 91-year-old participants were selected from three waves of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (2008/09, 2011/12, 2015/16; n = 1822 participants, n = 3500 observations) that included graphical and numerical measures of SA and SLE. We used generalized estimating equations to examine their associations with health. Results: Associations of SA/SLE with health were weaker for physical performance than for self-rated health and depressive symptoms. The associations of SA and SLE with physical performance were of similar magnitude but with self-rated health depended on the type of measure. Depressive symptoms, instead, showed a stronger association with SA than with SLE. Graphical measures showed weaker associations than numerical measures. Discussion: The way in which subjective lifetime perspectives and health are conceptualized and measured influences the strength of their associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorly J H Deeg
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Epidemiology and Data Science, 1209Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J Timmermans
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Epidemiology and Data Science, 1209Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Almar A L Kok
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Epidemiology and Data Science, 1209Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Psychiatry, 1209Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Diehl M, Wettstein M, Spuling SM, Wurm S. Age-related change in self-perceptions of aging: Longitudinal trajectories and predictors of change. Psychol Aging 2021; 36:344-359. [PMID: 33539148 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Using data from the German Ageing Survey (Deutscher Alterssurvey, DEAS; N = 4,712), this study examined age-related change in three dimensions of self-perceptions of aging (SPA): perceptions of physical losses, social losses, and ongoing development. Participants ranged in age from 40 to 85 years at study entry (1996, 2002, or 2008) and were followed for up to 21 years. Time-invariant, context-specific and time-varying, person-specific predictors of the observed age-related changes were examined. Findings from longitudinal multilevel regression analyses showed significant nonlinear age-related change for all three dimensions. Specifically, starting at about age 65, participants showed age-related increases in perceptions of physical and social losses, with increases getting steeper in old age. Starting at about age 55, participants reported increasingly fewer perceptions related to ongoing development. The decline in perceptions of ongoing development also became increasingly steeper after age 70. Region of residence was a significant context-specific predictor of the intercepts of the three SPA dimensions. Health-related variables (i.e., number of chronic diseases, self-rated health), affective well-being (i.e., positive and negative affect), and measures of social integration (i.e., loneliness) were significant person-specific predictors. Health-related variables had their strongest association with perceptions of physical losses, whereas negative affect and loneliness had their strongest association with perceptions of social losses. Positive affect had its strongest association with perceptions of ongoing development. This study is the first one to describe age-related change trajectories in multiple dimensions of SPA and significant predictors of these change trajectories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Diehl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University
| | | | | | - Susanne Wurm
- Department Social Medicine and Prevention, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine
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14
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Montepare JM. Erratum: Publisher Correction to: An exploration of subjective age, actual age, age awareness, and engagement in everyday. Eur J Ageing 2020; 17:489-497. [PMID: 33381002 PMCID: PMC7752939 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-020-00580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s10433-019-00534-w.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann M. Montepare
- RoseMary B. Fuss Center for Research on Aging and Intergenerational Studies, Lasell University, 1844 Commonwealth Avenue, Newton, MA 02466 USA
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Klusmann
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Assessment and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna E. Kornadt
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Université du Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Klusmann V, Notthoff N, Beyer AK, Blawert A, Gabrian M. The assessment of views on ageing: a review of self-report measures and innovative extensions. Eur J Ageing 2020; 17:403-433. [PMID: 33376461 PMCID: PMC7752934 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-020-00556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a review of existing self-report measures for assessing views on ageing. It provides an overview of instruments, for which basic psychometric properties are available and describes them according to the purposes for which they are suitable. Literature search resulted in the inclusion of 89 instruments which were categorised along eight dimensions. The majority of measures focus on explicit cognitions about people's own age and ageing or other (older) people. A substantial amount of tools account for the multidimensionality and multidirectionality of views on ageing, i.e. the idea that ageing is accompanied by both gains and losses in several different domains. To some extent, measures reflect that ageing is a long-term process and that views on ageing are malleable, rather than just stable traits. Cluster analysis revealed heterogeneity in instruments regarding the dimensions of Ecosystem, Balance, Stability, Dynamics, and Complexity. It becomes apparent, however, that approaches to measure views on ageing should be extended to more specifically target the implicit level as well as affective, physiological, and behavioural manifestations. Additionally, means for capturing views on ageing on the societal level and tools with a distinct time reference are needed. This is particularly important when one wants to account for the lifelong dynamics of views on ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Klusmann
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Assessment & Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Box 47, 78457 Constance, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nanna Notthoff
- Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Anne Blawert
- Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martina Gabrian
- DFG Scientific Network Images of Aging, Constance/Frankfurt, Germany
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Abstract
Views on ageing (VoA) have special relevance for the ageing process by influencing health, well-being, and longevity. Although VoA form early in life, so far, most research has concentrated on how VoA affect later middle-aged and older adults. In this theoretical article, we argue that a lifespan approach is needed in order to more fully understand the origins of VoA, how they change over ontogenetic time, and how they shape development across the full breadth of the lifespan. We begin by explicitly linking VoA to fundamental principles of lifespan development. We review existing theories of VoA and discuss their respective contributions and limitations. We then outline a lifespan approach to VoA that integrates existing theories and addresses some of their limitations. We elaborate on three core propositions of a lifespan approach to VoA: (1) VoA develop as the result of a dynamic, ongoing, and complex interaction between biological-evolutionary, psychological, and social-contextual factors; however, the relative importance of different sources changes across the lifespan; (2) VoA impact development across the whole lifespan; however, different outcomes, mechanisms, and time frames need to be considered in order to describe and understand their effects; and (3) VoA are multidimensional, multidirectional, and multifunctional throughout life, but their complexity, meaning, and adaptivity change across the lifespan. We conclude with recommendations for future lifespan research on VoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Kornadt
- Fakultät für Psychologie und Sportwissenschaft, Differentielle Psychologie und Psychologische Diagnostik, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Eva-Marie Kessler
- Department of Psychology, Geropsychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Siemens Villa, Calandrellistraße 1-9, 12247 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Wurm
- Institut für Community Medicine, Abt. für Sozialmedizin und Prävention, Universität Greifswald, Walter-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Verena Klusmann
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Assessment and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, P.O. Box 47, 78457 Constance, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Human Movement Science, Public Health, University of Hamburg, Mollerstr. 10, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
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Montepare JM. An exploration of subjective age, actual age, age awareness, and engagement in everyday behaviors. Eur J Ageing 2020; 17:299-307. [PMID: 32904859 PMCID: PMC7459006 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-019-00534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable research has documented relationships between subjective age and consequential outcomes such as life satisfaction, daily stress, health, and even mortality. Less is known about associations between the age people perceive themselves to be and everyday behaviors that may serve as the paths to broader life outcomes. To begin to fill this gap, this study explored the frequency with which 196 US adults aged 55-87 years engaged in behaviors reflecting nine behavioral domains. Respondents also answered questions about their subjective age, age awareness, and actual age. Results showed that whereas actual age predicted engagement in some behaviors (e.g., retirement activities), subjective age predicted engagement in most others (e.g., personal, social, grooming, body-focused, trend activities), and age awareness predicted participation in yet others (e.g., medical activities). The present findings provide insights both about age-related everyday behaviors, and the ways that several perceptions of age are differentially linked to their occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann M. Montepare
- RoseMary B. Fuss Center for Research on Aging and Intergenerational Studies, Lasell University, 1844 Commonwealth Avenue, Newton, MA 02466 USA
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Smith J, Larkina M. Early-life Health as a Lifelong Precursor of Self-Related Views of Aging in Later Life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 76:894-899. [PMID: 32861218 PMCID: PMC8063672 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Age stereotypes and expectations about one’s own aging commence in childhood but most research focuses on predictive associations with midlife health behaviors, later-life chronic conditions, biomarkers, and longevity. Surprisingly little is known about the role of poor childhood health in these associations. This study aims to fill this gap. Methods Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS: N = 5,773, aged 50–98), we investigated whether diagnosed chronic illness before age 16 and self-rated childhood health predict late-life self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and proportional subjective age discrepancy (PSAD). We conducted multivariate multiple regression analysis (MMRA) to determine the joint and partial effects of the two indicators of childhood health. Models included controls for childhood family financial status as well as late-life self-rated health, chronic illnesses, memory status, and demographic covariates (age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, socioeconomic status) in 2016. Results Over and above all covariates and the covariation of the two views of one’s own aging, the MMRA models revealed that the number of childhood chronic illnesses predicted SPA but not for PSAD. Self-rated childhood health predicted both SPA and PSAD in the unadjusted models, but not in the adjusted models. Discussion This study provides new insight into potential early-life precursors of self-evaluations of aging. In particular, childhood diagnoses of chronic illness enhance negative SPA up to 50 years later. Non-normative experiences related to poor health in childhood are lifelong foundations for socioeconomic status, health, and for self-related beliefs about age and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui Smith
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Marina Larkina
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Blawert A, Wurm S. Shifting self-perceptions of ageing: differential effects of value priorities on self-perceptions of ageing beyond age stereotypes. Eur J Ageing 2020; 18:257-267. [PMID: 34220405 PMCID: PMC8217379 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-020-00578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-perceptions of ageing (SPA) are important predictors of health in later life. However, research on antecedents of SPA other than age stereotypes is scarce. To address this gap, this study investigates the impact of personal value priorities beyond age stereotypes on SPA. Can values as the motivational basis of attitudes and evaluations predict gain- and loss-related SPA? To answer this question, we conducted multiple regression analyses of longitudinal data from two waves (2008, 2011) of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS; N = 6089, age range in 2008: 40–93 years). Gain- and loss-related SPA as well as age stereotypes were assessed with two AgeCog scales and personal values with the 21-item Portrait Values Questionnaire. Results indicate that value priorities relate to SPA longitudinally in domain-specific ways: People with a value priority of openness to change and self-transcendence reported more gain-related SPA at follow-up, whereas those who prioritized conservation reported less gain-related SPA. In the domain of loss-related SPA, those people with a value priority of self-enhancement reported more and those prioritizing self-transcendence reported less loss-related SPA at follow-up. These results complement and extend recent findings on the role of personality for SPA. They suggest that whether people focus on the gains or losses that occur with age, whether they perceive ageing as a threat or chance, is not only shaped by their age stereotypes, but also by what they find important—their values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blawert
- Department of Preventive Research and Social Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanne Wurm
- Department of Preventive Research and Social Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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