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Ray I, Möller-Levet CS, Michael A, Butler-Manuel S, Chatterjee J, Tailor A, Ellis PE, Meira LB. Circulating Adipocytokines and Insulin Like-Growth Factors and Their Modulation in Obesity-Associated Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:531. [PMID: 38339282 PMCID: PMC10854745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising global incidence of uterine cancer is linked to the escalating prevalence of obesity. Obesity results in alterations in adipocytokines and IGFs, driving cancer progression via inflammation, increased cell proliferation, and apoptosis inhibition, although the precise mechanisms are still unclear. This study examined a set of six markers, namely, adiponectin, leptin, IL6, TNFα, IGF1, and IGF2 and compared them between fifty age-matched endometrial cancer patients (study group) and non-cancer patients with benign gynaecological conditions (control group). We also assessed the relationship of these markers with obesity and explored the correlation between these markers and various tumour characteristics. In the cancer population, these markers were also assessed 24 h and 6 months post-surgery. Remarkably, low adiponectin levels were associated with a 35.8% increase in endometrial cancer risk. Interestingly, compared to control subjects where IGF levels decreased after menopause, post-menopausal women in the study group showed elevated IGF1 and IGF2 levels, suggesting a potential influence of endometrial cancer on the IGF system, particularly after menopause. Lastly, it is noteworthy that a discernible inverse relationship trend was observed in the levels of adipocytokines and IGFs 6 months post-surgery. This indicates that treatment for endometrial cancer may have a differential impact on adipocytokines and IGFs, potentially holding clinical significance that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ray
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Carla S. Möller-Levet
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Department of Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Simon Butler-Manuel
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Anil Tailor
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Patricia E. Ellis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Lisiane B. Meira
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
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Papadakis GZ, Mavroudis D, Georgoulias V, Souglakos J, Alegakis AK, Samonis G, Bagci U, Makrigiannakis A, Zoras O. Serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3 levels and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in early breast cancer patients. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 33:28-34. [PMID: 28258988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis is involved in human oncogenesis and metastasis development for various solid tumors including breast cancer. Aim of this study was to assess the association between IGF-1, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) serum levels and the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of women diagnosed with early breast cancer (EBC), before and after adjuvant chemotherapy. DESIGN 171 patients with early-stage breast adenocarcinomas were retrospectively evaluated. Immunoradiometric (IRMA) assays were employed for the in-vitro determination of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 serum levels in blood samples collected after surgical treatment and before initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy. CTCs' presence was assessed through detection of cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) mRNA transcripts using quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IGF-1, IGFBP-3 serum levels were correlated with CTCs' presence before and after adjuvant chemotherapy as well as with tumor characteristics including tumor size, axillary lymph node status, oestrogen (ER)/progestorene (PR) and human epidermural growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptor status. Log-rank test was applied to investigate possible association between IGF-1, IGFBP-3 serum levels and disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Before initiation of adjuvant therapy IGF-1, IGFBP-3 serum levels were moderately associated (Spearman's rho=0.361, p<0.001) with each other, while presenting significant differences across age groups (all p values<0.05). IGF-1 serum levels did not correlate with the presence of CTCs before initiation (p=0.558) or after completion (p=0.474) of adjuvant chemotherapy. Similarly, IGFBP-3 serum levels did not show significant association with detectable CTCs either before (p=0.487) or after (p=0.134) completion of adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no statistically significant association between the clinical outcome of patients in terms of DFI, OS and IGF-1(DFI: p=0.499; OS: p=0.220) or IGFBP-3 (DFI: p=0.900; OS: p=0.406) serum levels. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 serum levels before initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy are not indicative of CTCs' presence in the blood and do not correlate with clinical outcome of women with early-stage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Z Papadakis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center (CC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Vasilios Georgoulias
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - John Souglakos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ulas Bagci
- Center for Research in Computer Vision (CRCV), Electrical and Computer Science Department, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Antonis Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Odysseas Zoras
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Wei YH, Tang HX, Liao YD, Fu SL, Xu LQ, Chen G, Zhang C, Ju S, Liu ZG, You LK, Yu L, Zhou S. Effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and its inhibitor AG1024 on the progress of lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:834-841. [PMID: 26670433 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and its downstream signaling components have been increasingly recognized to drive the development of malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the effects of IGF-1R and its inhibitor, AG1024, on the progression of lung cancer. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the expressions of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in NSCLC tissues (n=198). Western blotting was used to determine the expressions of IGF-1 and phosphorylated IGF-1R (p-IGF-1R) in A549 human lung carcinoma cells, and MTT assay to measure cell proliferation. Additionally, the expressions of IGF-1, p-IGF-1R and IGF-1R in a mouse model of lung cancer were detected by Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR), respectively. The results showed that IGF-1 and IGF-1R were overexpressed in NSCLC tissues. The expression levels of IGF-1 and p-IGF-1R were significantly increased in A549 cells treated with IGF-1 as compared to those treated with IGF-1+AG1024 or untreated cells. In the presence of IGF-1, the proliferation of A549 cells was significantly increased. The progression of lung cancer in mice treated with IGF-1 was significantly increased as compared to the group treated with IGF-1+AG1024 or the control group, with the same trend mirrored in IGF-1/p-IGF-1R/IGF-1R at the protein and/or mRNA levels. It was concluded that IGF-1 and IGF inhibitor AG1024 promotes lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - He-Xiao Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Yong-de Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Sheng-Ling Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li-Qiang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Central Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Sheng Ju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhao-Guo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liang-Kun You
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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PEREZ-RIVAS LUISG, JEREZ JOSEM, FERNANDEZ-DE SOUSA CRISTINAE, DE LUQUE VANESSA, QUERO CRISTINA, PAJARES BELLA, FRANCO LEONARDO, SANCHEZ-MUÑOZ ALFONSO, RIBELLES NURIA, ALBA EMILIO. Serum protein levels following surgery in breast cancer patients: A protein microarray approach. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:2200-6. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Matuschek C, Rudoy M, Peiper M, Gerber PA, Hoff NP, Buhren BA, Flehmig B, Budach W, Knoefel WT, Bojar H, Prisack HB, Steinbach G, Shukla V, Schwarz A, Kammers K, Erhardt A, Scherer A, Bölke E, Schauer M. Do insulin-like growth factor associated proteins qualify as a tumor marker? Results of a prospective study in 163 cancer patients. Eur J Med Res 2011; 16:451-6. [PMID: 22024424 PMCID: PMC3400976 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-16-10-451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, -2 and Insulin like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) are involved in the proliferation and differentiation of cells. It has never been evaluated, if the IGF-system can serve as a tumor marker in neoplasms. METHODS In our prospective study 163 patients with colorectal cancer (22), prostate cancer (21), head and neck tumors (17), lymphomas (20), lung cancer (34) and other entities (49) were analysed for their IGF and IGFBP serum levels at the beginning and the end of radiotherapy and compared to 13 healthy people. Subgroups of patients with local tumor disease versus metastatic disease, primary and recurrent therapy and curative versus palliative therapy were compared. RESULTS The serum levels of IGF-2 were significantly elevated in patients with prostate and colorectal cancer. However, sensitivity and specificity were only 70%. IGFBP-2 serum levels were elevated in patients with head and neck tumors. Again sensitivity and specificity were only 73%. A difference between local disease and metastatic disease could not be found. A difference between IGF serum levels before and after radiotherapy could not be detected. CONCLUSION The IGF-system cannot serve as a new tumor marker. The detected differences are very small, sensitivity and specificity are too low. IGF measurement is not useful for the evaluation of the success of radiotherapy in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matuschek
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine Universität, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Leptin and insulin growth factor 1: diagnostic markers of the refeeding syndrome and mortality. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:906-12. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Refeeding syndrome is difficult to diagnose since the guidelines for identifying those at risk are largely based on subjective clinical parameters and there are no predictive biochemical markers. We examined the suitability of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and leptin as markers to identify patients at risk of the refeeding syndrome before initiation of parenteral nutrition (PN). A total of thirty-five consecutive patients referred for commencement of PN were included. Serum leptin and IGF1 were measured before starting PN. Electrolytes, liver and renal function tests were conducted before and daily for 1 week after initiating PN. The primary outcome was a decrease in phosphate 12–36 h after initiating PN. ‘Refeeding index’ (RI) was defined as leptin × IGF1 divided by 2800 to produce a ratio of 1·0 in patients who are well nourished. RI had better sensitivity (78 %; 95 % CI 40, 97 %) and specificity (78 %; 95 % CI 40, 97 %) with a likelihood ratio of 3·4, at a cut-off value of 0·19 for predicting a ≥ 30 % decrease in phosphate concentration within 12–36 h after starting PN, compared with IGF1 or leptin alone. However, IGF1 was a better predictor of mortality than either leptin or the RI. The present study is the first to derive and test the ‘RI’, and find that it is a sensitive and specific predictor of the refeeding syndrome in hospitalised patients before starting PN.
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Biochemical indices to evaluate nutritional support for malignant disease. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 390:23-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Singer CF, Mogg M, Koestler W, Pacher M, Marton E, Kubista E, Schreiber M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II serum concentrations in patients with benign and malignant breast lesions: free IGF-II is correlated with breast cancer size. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:4003-9. [PMID: 15217931 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are potent mitogens for breast cancer cells in vitro, and elevated IGF-I serum levels are a risk factor for breast malignancies. This study evaluated IGF-I and IGF-II serum levels in healthy women and in patients with benign and malignant breast lesions and correlated them with tumor size. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Serum levels of the total and unbound fractions of IGF-I and IGF-II were analyzed in 65 patients with benign and malignant breast lesions and in 38 women without breast disease. ELISAs were used to detect serum IGF levels, with (total IGF) or without (free IGF) prior acid-ethanol extraction. RESULTS Total IGF-I serum concentrations were lower in healthy women than in breast cancer patients (P < 0.001) or patients with benign breast lesions (P = 0.010), but no differences were observed in free IGF-I levels. Conversely, healthy women had higher serum levels of free IGF-II than women with breast lesions (P = 0.003), and the free/total IGF-II ratio was significantly reduced in patients with breast disease (P = 0.001). Although IGF-I or IGF-II serum concentrations of breast cancer patients were similar to those of patients with benign lesions, the size of a malignant tumor was correlated to the ratio free/total IGF-II (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Malignant breast tumors cannot be distinguished from benign breast lesions by systemic IGF serum levels. However, women with breast lesions have decreased IGF-II concentrations, and free IGF-II levels are clearly correlated to the size of a breast cancer, indicating an involvement in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Singer
- Division of Special Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute of Clinical Experimental Oncology, Center of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Vienna, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9 Rigshopitalet, Section 5064, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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Esteva FJ, Sahin AA, Cristofanilli M, Arun B, Hortobagyi GN. Molecular prognostic factors for breast cancer metastasis and survival. Semin Radiat Oncol 2002; 12:319-28. [PMID: 12382190 DOI: 10.1053/srao.2002.35251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The biological characteristics of the tumor are used to estimate prognosis and select appropriate systemic therapy for patients with early-stage breast cancer. Well-established molecular prognostic factors include the estrogen and progesterone receptors, proliferation markers, and the HER2 gene. Novel tumor markers with potential clinical utility include molecules involved in cell transformation, invasion, and metastases. We review the available data supporting the utility of established prognostic and predictive molecular factors, and discuss challenges for integrating novel molecular markers into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Esteva
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Zumkeller W. IGFs and IGFBPs: surrogate markers for diagnosis and surveillance of tumour growth? Mol Pathol 2001; 54:285-8. [PMID: 11577168 PMCID: PMC1187083 DOI: 10.1136/mp.54.5.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF receptors, and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) constitute the IGF system. Comprehensive data indicate that these factors play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. Epidemiological data indicate that cancer risk is associated with high serum IGF-I values. Because dysregulation of the IGF system is a frequent pattern in malignancy, IGFs/IGFBPs might represent novel tumour markers that could be useful both for diagnosis and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zumkeller
- Department of Paediatrics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06097 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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