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Zhuikova YV, Zhuikov VA, Khaydapova DD, Lunkov AP, Bonartseva GA, Varlamov VP. Evaluation of Chemical and Biological Properties of Biodegradable Composites Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1124. [PMID: 38675043 PMCID: PMC11053872 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, composite films and scaffolds of polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and polysaccharide chitosan obtained via a simple and reproducible blending method using acetic acid as a solvent were considered. The degradation process of the films was studied gravimetrically in a model biological medium in the presence of enzymes in vitro for 180 days. The kinetics of weight reduction depended on the amount of chitosan in the composition. The biocompatibility of the films was evaluated using the Alamar blue test and fluorescence microscopy. The materials were non-cytotoxic, and the addition of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) to chitosan improved its matrix properties on mesenchymal stem cells. Then, the 3D composites were prepared by freeze-drying. Their structure (using SEM), rheological behavior, moisture absorption, and porosity were investigated. The addition of different amounts of chitosan allowed us to vary the chemical and biological properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) materials and their degradation rate, which is extremely important in the development of biomedical poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) materials, especially implantable ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V. Zhuikova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Vsevolod A. Zhuikov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Dolgor D. Khaydapova
- Faculty of Soil Science, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia;
| | - Alexey P. Lunkov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Garina A. Bonartseva
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Valery P. Varlamov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
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Zhuikova YV, Zhuikov VA, Makhina TK, Efremov YM, Aksenova NA, Timashev PS, Bonartseva GA, Varlamov VP. Preparation and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/chitosan composite films using acetic acid as a solvent. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125970. [PMID: 37494998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and chitosan are among the most widely used polymers for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, renewability and low toxicity. The creation of composite materials based on biopolymers belonging to different classes makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages of each of the components and to obtain a material with specific properties. Solving this problem is associated with difficulties in the selection of conditions and solvents for obtaining the composite material. In our study, acetic acid was used as a common solvent for hydrophobic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and chitosan. Mechanical, thermal, physicochemical and surface properties of the composites and homopolymers were investigated. The composite films had less crystallinity and hydrophobicity than poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), and the addition of chitosan caused an increase in moisture absorption, a decrease in contact angle and changes in mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). The inclusion of varying amounts of chitosan controlled the properties of the composite, which will be important in the future for its specific biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Zhuikova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vsevolod A Zhuikov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana K Makhina
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri M Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Aksenova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare" Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Garina A Bonartseva
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery P Varlamov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Zhang R, Chang SJ, Jing Y, Wang L, Chen CJ, Liu JT. Application of chitosan with different molecular weights in cartilage tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120890. [PMID: 37173038 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering involves the invention of novel implantable cartilage replacement materials to help heal cartilage injuries that do not heal themselves, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of current clinical cartilage treatments. Chitosan has been widely used in cartilage tissue engineering because of its similar structure to glycine aminoglycan, which is widely distributed in connective tissues. The molecular weight, as an important structural parameter of chitosan, affects not only the method of chitosan composite scaffold preparation but also the effect on cartilage tissue healing. Thus, this review identifies methods for the preparation of chitosan composite scaffolds with low, medium and high molecular weights, as well as a range of chitosan molecular weights appropriate for cartilage tissue repair, by summarizing the application of different molecular weights of chitosan in cartilage repair in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjie Zhang
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shwu Jen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yanzhen Jing
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - LiYuan Wang
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ching-Jung Chen
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, School of Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jen-Tsai Liu
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Wang M, Deng Z, Guo Y, Xu P. Designing functional hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100495. [PMID: 36420054 PMCID: PMC9676212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to cartilage tissues is often difficult to repair owing to chronic inflammation and a lack of bioactive factors. Therefore, developing bioactive materials, such as hydrogels acting as extracellular matrix mimics, that can inhibit the inflammatory microenvironment and promote cartilage repair is crucial. Hyaluronic acid, which exists in cartilage and synovial fluid, has been extensively investigated for cartilage tissue engineering because of its promotion of cell adhesion and proliferation, regulation of inflammation, and enhancement of cartilage regeneration. However, hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels have poor degradation rates and unfavorable mechanical properties, limiting their application in cartilage tissue engineering. Recently, various multifunctional hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels, including alkenyl, aldehyde, thiolated, phenolized, hydrazide, and host–guest group-modified hydrogels, have been extensively studied for use in cartilage tissue engineering. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the multifunctional design of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their application in cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, we outline the future research prospects and directions in cartilage tissue regeneration. This would provide theoretical guidance for developing hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels with specific properties to satisfy the requirements of cartilage tissue repair.
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Lee WJ, Cho K, Kim AY, Kim GW. Injectable Click Fibroin Bioadhesive Derived from Spider Silk for Accelerating Wound Closure and Healing Bone Fracture. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155269. [PMID: 35955202 PMCID: PMC9369627 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Wound closure is a critical step in postoperative wound recovery. Substantial advancements have been made in many different means of facilitating wound closure, including the use of tissue adhesives. Compared to conventional methods, such as suturing, tissue bioadhesives better accelerate wound closure. However, several existing tissue adhesives suffer from cytotoxicity, inadequate tissue adhesive strength, and high costs. In this study, a series of bioadhesives was produced using non-swellable spider silk-derived silk fibroin protein and an outer layer of swellable polyethylene glycol and tannic acid. The gelation time of the spider silk-derived silk fibroin protein bioadhesive is less than three minutes and thus can be used during rapid surgical wound closure. By adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2000 and tannic acid as co-crosslinking agents to the N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) reaction, the adhesive strength of the bioadhesive became 2.5 times greater than that of conventional fibrin glue adhesives. Silk fibroin bioadhesives do not show significant cytotoxicity in vitro compared with other bioadhesives. In conclusion, silk fibroin bioadhesive is promising as a new medical tool for more effective and efficient surgical wound closure, particularly in bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Jin Lee
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-J.L.); (A.-Y.K.)
| | - Kyoungjoo Cho
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea;
| | - Aaron-Youngjae Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-J.L.); (A.-Y.K.)
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Gyung-Whan Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-J.L.); (A.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Gossla E, Bernhardt A, Tonndorf R, Aibibu D, Cherif C, Gelinsky M. Anisotropic Chitosan Scaffolds Generated by Electrostatic Flocking Combined with Alginate Hydrogel Support Chondrogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179341. [PMID: 34502249 PMCID: PMC8430627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement of damaged or degenerated articular cartilage tissue remains a challenge, as this non-vascularized tissue has a very limited self-healing capacity. Therefore, tissue engineering (TE) of cartilage is a promising treatment option. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, there is still a lack of scaffolds that ensure the formation of functional cartilage tissue while meeting the mechanical requirements for chondrogenic TE. In this article, we report the application of flock technology, a common process in the modern textile industry, to produce flock scaffolds made of chitosan (a biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymer) for chondrogenic TE. By combining an alginate hydrogel with a chitosan flock scaffold (CFS+ALG), a fiber-reinforced hydrogel with anisotropic properties was developed to support chondrogenic differentiation of embedded human chondrocytes. Pure alginate hydrogels (ALG) and pure chitosan flock scaffolds (CFS) were studied as controls. Morphology of primary human chondrocytes analyzed by cLSM and SEM showed a round, chondrogenic phenotype in CFS+ALG and ALG after 21 days of differentiation, whereas chondrocytes on CFS formed spheroids. The compressive strength of CFS+ALG was higher than the compressive strength of ALG and CFS alone. Chondrocytes embedded in CFS+ALG showed gene expression of chondrogenic markers (COL II, COMP, ACAN), the highest collagen II/I ratio, and production of the typical extracellular matrix such as sGAG and collagen II. The combination of alginate hydrogel with chitosan flock scaffolds resulted in a scaffold with anisotropic structure, good mechanical properties, elasticity, and porosity that supported chondrogenic differentiation of inserted human chondrocytes and expression of chondrogenic markers and typical extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Gossla
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (E.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anne Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (E.G.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert Tonndorf
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany; (R.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Dilbar Aibibu
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany; (R.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Chokri Cherif
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany; (R.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (E.G.); (M.G.)
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PHB/CHIT Scaffold as a Promising Biopolymer in the Treatment of Osteochondral Defects-An Experimental Animal Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081232. [PMID: 33920328 PMCID: PMC8069702 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer composites allow the creation of an optimal environment for the regeneration of chondral and osteochondral defects of articular cartilage, where natural regeneration potential is limited. In this experimental study, we used the sheep animal model for the creation of knee cartilage defects. In the medial part of the trochlea and on the medial condyle of the femur, we created artificial defects (6 × 3 mm2) with microfractures. In four experimental sheep, both defects were subsequently filled with the porous acellular polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan (PHB/CHIT)-based implant. Two sheep had untreated defects. We evaluated the quality of the newly formed tissue in the femoral trochlea defect site using imaging (X-ray, Computer Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)), macroscopic, and histological methods. Macroscopically, the surface of the treated regenerate corresponded to the niveau of the surrounding cartilage. X-ray examination 6 months after the implantation confirmed the restoration of the contour in the subchondral calcified layer and the advanced rate of bone tissue integration. The CT scan revealed a low regenerative potential in the bone zone of the defect compared to the cartilage zone. The percentage change in cartilage density at the defect site was not significantly different to the reference area (0.06–6.4%). MRI examination revealed that the healing osteochondral defect was comparable to the intact cartilage signal on the surface of the defect. Hyaline-like cartilage was observed in most of the treated animals, except for one, where the defect was repaired with fibrocartilage. Thus, the acellular, chitosan-based biomaterial is a promising biopolymer composite for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral defects of traumatic character. It has potential for further clinical testing in the orthopedic field, primarily with the combination of supporting factors.
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