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Browne S, Umlauf A, Moore DJ, Benson CA, Vaida F. User Experience of Persons Using Ingestible Sensor-Enabled Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Infection: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e53596. [PMID: 38722201 PMCID: PMC11085042 DOI: 10.2196/53596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A digital health technology's success or failure depends on how it is received by users. objectives We conducted a user experience (UX) evaluation among persons who used the Food and Drug Administration-approved Digital Health Feedback System incorporating ingestible sensors (ISs) to capture medication adherence, after they were prescribed oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection. We performed an association analysis with baseline participant characteristics, to see if "personas" associated with positive or negative UX emerged. Methods UX data were collected upon exit from a prospective intervention study of adults who were HIV negative, prescribed oral PrEP, and used the Digital Health Feedback System with IS-enabled tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine (IS-Truvada). Baseline demographics; urine toxicology; and self-report questionnaires evaluating sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), self-efficacy, habitual self-control, HIV risk perception (Perceived Risk of HIV Scale 8-item), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-8) were collected. Participants with ≥28 days in the study completed a Likert-scale UX questionnaire of 27 questions grouped into 4 domain categories: overall experience, ease of use, intention of future use, and perceived utility. Means and IQRs were computed for participant total and domain subscores, and linear regressions modeled baseline participant characteristics associated with UX responses. Demographic characteristics of responders versus nonresponders were compared using the Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results Overall, 71 participants were enrolled (age: mean 37.6, range 18-69 years; n=64, 90% male; n=55, 77% White; n=24, 34% Hispanic; n=68, 96% housed; and n=53, 75% employed). No demographic differences were observed in the 63 participants who used the intervention for ≥28 days. Participants who completed the questionnaire were more likely to be housed (52/53, 98% vs 8/10, 80%; P=.06) and less likely to have a positive urine toxicology (18/51, 35% vs 7/10, 70%; P=.08), particularly methamphetamine (4/51, 8% vs 4/10, 40%; P=.02), than noncompleters. Based on IQR values, ≥75% of participants had a favorable UX based on the total score (median 3.78, IQR 3.17-4.20), overall experience (median 4.00, IQR 3.50-4.50), ease of use (median 3.72, IQR 3.33-4.22), and perceived utility (median 3.72, IQR 3.22-4.25), and ≥50% had favorable intention of future use (median 3.80, IQR 2.80-4.40). Following multipredictor modeling, self-efficacy was significantly associated with the total score (0.822, 95% CI 0.405-1.240; P<.001) and all subscores (all P<.05). Persons with more depressive symptoms reported better perceived utility (P=.01). Poor sleep was associated with a worse overall experience (-0.07, 95% CI -0.133 to -0.006; P=.03). Conclusions The UX among persons using IS-enabled PrEP (IS-Truvada) to prevent HIV infection was positive. Association analysis of baseline participant characteristics linked higher self-efficacy with positive UX, more depressive symptoms with higher perceived utility, and poor sleep with negative UX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Browne
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Specialists in Global Health, Encinitas, CA, United States
| | - Anya Umlauf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - David J Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Constance A Benson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Florin Vaida
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Chai PR, Kaithamattam JJ, Chung M, Tom JJ, Goodman GR, Hasdianda MA, Carnes TC, Vaduganathan M, Scirica BM, Schnipper JL. Formative Perceptions of a Digital Pill System to Measure Adherence to Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Cardio 2024; 8:e48971. [PMID: 38358783 PMCID: PMC10905352 DOI: 10.2196/48971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) affects 6.2 million Americans and is a leading cause of hospitalization. The mainstay of the management of HF is adherence to pharmacotherapy. Despite the effectiveness of HF pharmacotherapy, effectiveness is closely linked to adherence. Measuring adherence to HF pharmacotherapy is difficult; most clinical measures use indirect strategies such as calculating pharmacy refill data or using self-report. While helpful in guiding treatment adjustments, indirect measures of adherence may miss the detection of suboptimal adherence and co-occurring structural barriers associated with nonadherence. Digital pill systems (DPSs), which use an ingestible radiofrequency emitter to directly measure medication ingestions in real-time, represent a strategy for measuring and responding to nonadherence in the context of HF pharmacotherapy. Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of using DPSs to measure adherence in other chronic diseases, but this strategy has yet to be leveraged for individuals with HF. OBJECTIVE We aim to explore through qualitative interviews the facilitators and barriers to using DPS technology to monitor pharmacotherapy adherence among patients with HF. METHODS We conducted individual, semistructured qualitative interviews and quantitative assessments between April and August 2022. A total of 20 patients with HF who were admitted to the general medical or cardiology service at an urban quaternary care hospital participated in this study. Participants completed a qualitative interview exploring the overall acceptability of and willingness to use DPS technology for adherence monitoring and perceived barriers to DPS use. Quantitative assessments evaluated HF history, existing medication adherence strategies, and attitudes toward technology. We analyzed qualitative data using applied thematic analysis and NVivo software (QSR International). RESULTS Most participants (12/20, 60%) in qualitative interviews reported a willingness to use the DPS to measure HF medication adherence. Overall, the DPS was viewed as useful for increasing accountability and reinforcing adherence behaviors. Perceived barriers included technological issues, a lack of need, additional costs, and privacy concerns. Most were open to sharing adherence data with providers to bolster clinical care and decision-making. Reminder messages following detected nonadherence were perceived as a key feature, and customization was desired. Suggested improvements are primarily related to the design and usability of the Reader (a wearable device). CONCLUSIONS Overall, individuals with HF perceived the DPS to be an acceptable and useful tool for measuring medication adherence. Accurate, real-time ingestion data can guide adherence counseling to optimize adherence management and inform tailored behavioral interventions to support adherence among patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- The Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- The Fenway Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jenson J Kaithamattam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michelle Chung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeremiah J Tom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Georgia R Goodman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- The Fenway Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin M Scirica
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Schnipper
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Albrechta H, Goodman GR, Oginni E, Mohamed Y, Venkatasubramanian K, Dumas A, Carreiro S, Lee JS, Glynn TR, O'Cleirigh C, Mayer KH, Fisher CB, Chai PR. Acceptance of digital phenotyping linked to a digital pill system to measure PrEP adherence among men who have sex with men with substance use. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000457. [PMID: 38386618 PMCID: PMC10883553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Once-daily oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy to prevent HIV, but is highly dependent on adherence. Men who have sex with men (MSM) who use substances face unique challenges maintaining PrEP adherence. Digital pill systems (DPS) allow for real-time adherence measurement through ingestible sensors. Integration of DPS technology with other digital health tools, such as digital phenotyping, may improve understanding of nonadherence triggers and development of personalized adherence interventions based on ingestion behavior. This study explored the willingness of MSM with substance use to share digital phenotypic data and interact with ancillary systems in the context of DPS-measured PrEP adherence. Adult MSM on PrEP with substance use were recruited through a social networking app. Participants were introduced to DPS technology and completed an assessment to measure willingness to participate in DPS-based PrEP adherence research, contribute digital phenotyping data, and interact with ancillary systems in the context of DPS-based research. Medical mistrust, daily worry about PrEP adherence, and substance use were also assessed. Participants who identified as cisgender male and were willing to participate in DPS-based research (N = 131) were included in this subsample analysis. Most were White (76.3%) and non-Hispanic (77.9%). Participants who reported daily PrEP adherence worry had 3.7 times greater odds (95% CI: 1.03, 13.4) of willingness to share biometric data via a wearable device paired to the DPS. Participants with daily PrEP adherence worry were more likely to be willing to share smartphone data (p = 0.006) and receive text messages surrounding their daily activities (p = 0.003), compared to those with less worry. MSM with substance use disorder, who worried about PrEP adherence, were willing to use DPS technology and share data required for digital phenotyping in the context of PrEP adherence measurement. Efforts to address medical mistrust can increase advantages of this technology for HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Albrechta
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Georgia R Goodman
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Oginni
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yassir Mohamed
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Krishna Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Arlen Dumas
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Carreiro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
| | - Jasper S Lee
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tiffany R Glynn
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Celia B Fisher
- Center for Ethics Education, Fordham University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter R Chai
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Goodman GR, Carnes TC, Albrechta H, Alpert P, Hokayem J, Goldfine C, Lee JS, Boyer EW, Rosen R, Mayer KH, O'Cleirigh C, Chai PR. Real-World Implementation Challenges Associated with a Digital Pill System to Measure Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis from Two Studies of Men Who Have Sex With Men. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ... ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES. ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES 2024; 57:3211-3221. [PMID: 38213843 PMCID: PMC10783042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Once-daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for HIV prevention, but its efficacy is dependent on adherence, which can be challenging for men who have sex with men (MSM) with substance use. Digital pill systems (DPS) represent a novel tool for directly measuring adherence through ingestible radiofrequency sensors that confirm ingestions in real-time. We examined operational challenges across two studies involving DPS to measure PrEP adherence. While most participants successfully operated the system, a number of technological and sociobehavioral challenges requiring intervention were identified across both studies. Technological issues were both system- and participant-related, and were primarily addressed with technical updates and participant re-education, while sociobehavioral issues, including health and housing changes and issues with technology access, warranted innovative solutions. Future research leveraging DPS technology should develop robust supportive infrastructure and mitigation procedures to promptly identify and resolve operational issues to optimize the potential benefits of DPS use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jasper S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Edward W Boyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center
| | | | | | | | - Peter R Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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Goldfine CE, Albrechta H, O'Cleirigh C, Standley A, Mohamed Y, Hokayem J, Lee JS, Carnes TC, Goodman GR, Mayer KH, Alpert P, Chai PR. Preliminary feasibility of a wrist-worn receiver to measure medication adherence via an ingestible radiofrequency sensor. ... INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEARABLE AND IMPLANTABLE BODY SENSOR NETWORKS. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEARABLE AND IMPLANTABLE BODY SENSOR NETWORKS 2023; 2023:10.1109/BSN58485.2023.10330912. [PMID: 38155876 PMCID: PMC10753620 DOI: 10.1109/bsn58485.2023.10330912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Adherence to medications is a complex task that requires complex biobehavioral support. To better provide tools to assist with medication adherence, digital pills provide an option to directly measure medication taking behaviors. These systems comprise a gelatin capsule with radiofrequency emitter, a wearable Reader that collects the radio signal and a smartphone app that collects ingestion data displays it for patients and clinicians. These systems are feasible in measuring adherence in the real-world, even in stigmatized diseases like HIV treatment adherence. While the current iteration of the digital pill system utilizes a wearable Reader worn like a necklace, preliminary feedback demonstrated that a miniaturized system that was worn on the wrist could be more functional in the real-world. This paper therefore describes the development and preliminary field testing of a wrist-borne wearable Reader to facilitate acquisition of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence data among individual prescribed PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jasper S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - Georgia R Goodman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Peter R Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
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Lee JS, Albrechta H, Goodman GR, De D, Takabatake K, O'Cleirigh C, Mayer KH, Fisher C, Carnes CT, Chai PR. Diversity in Digital Pill Systems: Differences in Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Use of a Digital Pill System for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men with Diverse Racial and Ethnic Identities. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ... ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES. ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES 2023; 2023:2933-2942. [PMID: 36654663 PMCID: PMC9843706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nonadherence, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) with substance use disorders, increases the risk of HIV acquisition. Measuring adherence to HIV pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis (PrEP), and responding to suboptimal adherence or changes in adherence behavior remains a challenging public health problem. Despite the importance of accurate adherence measurement, there is no gold standard for detecting medication ingestion events in HIV research. Current adherence measures indirectly infer ingestion events or measure medication concentrations over time, yet such approaches fail to provide direct confirmation of ingestions and contextual information surrounding adherence and nonadherence. A digital pill system (DPS) - a novel tool that leverages ingestible radiofrequency sensors to measure actual ingestion events - may advance adherence measurement in HIV research. We examined and compared the willingness of MSM across racial and ethnic identities to operate a DPS in the context of PrEP adherence measurement and suggest potential future applications of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health
| | | | - Georgia R Goodman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health
| | - Dikha De
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health
- Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Koki Takabatake
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health
- Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | | | | | - Peter R Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health
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Vaz C, Jose NK, Tom JJ, Goodman GR, Lee JS, Padappayil RP, Madathil M, O'Cleirigh C, Rodrigues R, Chai PR. Formative acceptance of ingestible biosensors to measure adherence to TB medications. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:754. [PMID: 36171553 PMCID: PMC9517983 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) represents a significant public health threat in India. Adherence to antitubercular therapy (ATT) is the key to reducing the burden of this infectious disease. Suboptimal adherence to ATT and lack of demonstrated feasibility of current strategies for monitoring ATT adherence highlights the need for alternative adherence monitoring systems.
Methods A quantitative survey was conducted to assess the acceptance of and willingness to use a digital pill system (DPS) as a tool for monitoring ATT adherence among stakeholders directly involved in the management of patients with TB in India. Participants reviewed a video explaining the DPS and completed a survey, which covered sociodemographics, degree of involvement with TB patients, initial impressions of the DPS, and perceived challenges for deploying the technology in India. Participants were also asked to interpret mock DPS adherence data. Results The mean age was 34.3 (SD = 7.3), and participants (N = 50) were predominantly male (70%). The sample comprised internists (52%) and pulmonologists (30%), with a median of 4 years’ experience (IQR 3, 6) in the management of TB patients. No participants had previously used a DPS, but some reported prior awareness of the technology (22%). Most reported that they would recommend use of a DPS to patients on ATT (76%), and that they would use a DPS in both the intensive and continuation phases of TB management (64%). The majority viewed the DPS (82%) as a useful alternative to directly observed therapy-short course (DOTS), particularly given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Participants reported that a DPS would be most effective in patients at risk of nonadherence (64%), as well as those with past nonadherence (64%). Perceived barriers to DPS implementation included lack of patient willingness (92%), cost (86%), and infrastructure constraints (66%). The majority of participants were able to accurately interpret patterns of adherence (80%), suboptimal adherence (90%), and frank nonadherence (82%) when provided with mock DPS data. Conclusions DPS are viewed as an acceptable, feasible, and useful technology for monitoring ATT adherence by stakeholders directly involved in TB management. Future investigations should explore patient acceptance of DPS and pilot demonstration of the system in the TB context. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07756-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint Vaz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nisha K Jose
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, HQs, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeremiah Jacob Tom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Georgia R Goodman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasper S Lee
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Manjunath Madathil
- Department of Dermatology, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India.,Department of Dermatology, Imbichibava Memorial Co-Operative Hospital and Research Center, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rashmi Rodrigues
- Department of Community Health, St. John's Medical College, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Peter R Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Litvinova O, Klager E, Tzvetkov NT, Kimberger O, Kletecka-Pulker M, Willschke H, Atanasov AG. Digital Pills with Ingestible Sensors: Patent Landscape Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081025. [PMID: 36015173 PMCID: PMC9415622 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern healthcare system is directly related to the development of digital health tools and solutions. Pills with digital sensors represent a highly innovative class of new pharmaceuticals. The aim of this work was to analyze the patent landscape and to systematize the main trends in patent protection of digital pills with ingestible sensors worldwide; accordingly, to identify the patenting leaders as well as the main prevailing areas of therapy for patent protection, and the future perspectives in the field. In July 2022, a search was conducted using Internet databases, such as the EPO, USPTO, FDA and the Lens database. The patent landscape analysis shows an increase in the number of patents related to digital pills with ingestible sensors for mobile clinical monitoring, smart drug delivery, and endoscopy diagnostics. The leaders in the number of patents issued are the United States, the European Patent Office, Canada, Australia, and China. The following main areas of patenting digital pills with ingestible sensors were identified: treatment in the field of mental health; HIV/AIDS; pain control; cardiovascular diseases; diabetes; gastroenterology (including hepatitis C); oncology; tuberculosis; and transplantology. The development of scientific and practical approaches towards the implementation of effective and safe digital pills will improve treatment outcomes, increase compliance, reduce hospital stays, provide mobile clinical monitoring, have a positive impact on treatment costs and will contribute to increased patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Litvinova
- Department of Management, Economy and Quality Assurance in Pharmacy, National University of Pharmacy, The Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (O.L.); (A.G.A.); Tel.: +380-67-300-78-49 (O.L.); +43-1401-6036-250 (A.G.A.)
| | - Elisabeth Klager
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Oliver Kimberger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Kletecka-Pulker
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Ethics and Law in Medicine, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Willschke
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland
- Correspondence: (O.L.); (A.G.A.); Tel.: +380-67-300-78-49 (O.L.); +43-1401-6036-250 (A.G.A.)
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