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Thatrimontrichai A, Surachat K, Singkhamanan K, Thongsuksai P. Differential Abundances of Bdellovibrio and Rheinheimera in the Oral Microbiota of Neonates With and Without Clinical Sepsis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:e195-e200. [PMID: 38295225 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, long hospital stays and high cost of care, thereby inflicting a burden on health care systems. Oral care with breast milk has been shown to modify the intestinal tract microbiota and immune system. Herein, we attempted to identify probiotics that may be beneficial to prevent or treat neonatal sepsis. METHODS This was a secondary analysis comparing the microbiota during oropharyngeal care in very-low-birth-weight infants with and without clinical sepsis. Oral samples were collected before oral feeding was initiated. The primary outcome was oral microbiota composition including diversity, relative abundance and linear discriminant analysis effect size. RESULTS Sixty-three neonates, including 39 and 24 with and without clinical sepsis, respectively, were enrolled. The medians gestational age and birth weight were 29 (27-30) weeks and 1010 (808-1263) g. Neonates with clinical sepsis had lower gestational age, birth weight (both P < 0.001) and lower rate of oral care with breast milk ( P = 0.03), but higher doses and days of antibiotic exposure (both P < 0.001) compared to neonates without clinical sepsis. No differences in alpha and beta diversities were found between groups and Streptococcus agalactiae was the most common bacteria in both groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis revealed that neonates without clinical sepsis had significantly higher abundances of order Bdellovibrionales, family Bdellovibrionaceae, genus Bdellovibrio and genus Rheinheimera . CONCLUSIONS Neonates without clinical sepsis had a significantly greater abundance of the Bdellovibrio and Rheinheimera genera.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komwit Surachat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering
| | | | - Paramee Thongsuksai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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2
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Javed MR, Salman M, Tariq A, Tawab A, Zahoor MK, Naheed S, Shahid M, Ijaz A, Ali H. The Antibacterial and Larvicidal Potential of Bis-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Molecules 2022; 27:7220. [PMID: 36364044 PMCID: PMC9657160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria produce a variety of antibacterial and larvicidal metabolites, which could be used to cure diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and to efficiently overcome issues regarding insecticide resistance. In the current study, the antibacterial and larvicidal potential of Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate isolated from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BCH-1 has been evaluated. Bioactive compounds were extracted by ethyl acetate and were fractionated by gradient column chromatography from crude extract. Based on FT-IR analysis followed by GC-MS and ESI-MS/MS, the active compound was identified to be Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Antibacterial potential was evaluated by disk diffusion against E. coli (12.33 ± 0.56 mm inhibition zone) and S. aureus (5.66 ± 1.00 mm inhibition zone). Larvicidal potency was performed against Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae, where Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate showed 100% mortality at 250 ppm after 72 h with LC50 of 67.03 ppm. Furthermore, after 72 h the acetylcholinesterase inhibition was observed as 29.00, 40.33, 53.00, 64.00, and 75.33 (%) at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm, respectively. In comet assay, mean comet tail length (14.18 ± 0.28 μm), tail DNA percent damage (18.23 ± 0.06%), tail movement (14.68 ± 0.56 µm), comet length (20.62 ± 0.64 µm), head length (23.75 ± 0.27 µm), and head DNA percentage (39.19 ± 0.92%) were observed at 250 ppm as compared to the control. The current study for the first time describes the promising antibacterial and larvicidal potential of Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum that would have potential pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Anam Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Tawab
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Zahoor
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Naheed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Anam Ijaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hazrat Ali
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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3
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Amelia TSM, Suaberon FAC, Vad J, Fahmi ADM, Saludes JP, Bhubalan K. Recent Advances of Marine Sponge-Associated Microorganisms as a Source of Commercially Viable Natural Products. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:492-512. [PMID: 35567600 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many industrially significant compounds have been derived from natural products in the environment. Research efforts so far have contributed to the discovery of beneficial natural products that have improved the quality of life on Earth. As one of the sources of natural products, marine sponges have been progressively recognised as microbial hotspots with reports of the sponges harbouring diverse microbial assemblages, genetic material, and metabolites with multiple industrial applications. Therefore, this paper aims at reviewing the recent literature (primarily published between 2016 and 2022) on the types and functions of natural products synthesised by sponge-associated microorganisms, thereby helping to bridge the gap between research and industrial applications. The metabolites that have been derived from sponge-associated microorganisms, mostly bacteria, fungi, and algae, have shown application prospects especially in medicine, cosmeceutical, environmental protection, and manufacturing industries. Sponge bacteria-derived natural products with medical properties harboured anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral functions. Efforts in re-identifying the origin of known and future sponge-sourced natural products would further clarify the roles and significance of microbes within marine sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Suet May Amelia
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ferr Angelus C Suaberon
- Center for Natural Drug Discovery & Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, 5000, Iloilo City, Philippines
| | - Johanne Vad
- Changing Oceans Research Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Afiq Durrani Mohd Fahmi
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Eco-Innovation Research Interest Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jonel P Saludes
- Center for Natural Drug Discovery & Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, 5000, Iloilo City, Philippines
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Agustin, 5000, Iloilo City, Philippines
- Department of Science and Technology, Balik Scientist Program, Philippine Council for Health Research & Development (PCHRD), Bicutan, 1631, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Kesaven Bhubalan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Eco-Innovation Research Interest Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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4
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Sharma A, Kumar A, Babu V, Ali A, Katoch M. Myxobacteria from animal dung pellets collected from northwestern Himalayas: A new source of di-isobutyl phthalate. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:162-173. [PMID: 34923648 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Myxobacteria have emerged as a rich manufacturer of a wide array of natural products captivating both the academic and drug discovery communities. Attempts to unearth novel bioactive, myxobacteria from unexploited habitats are far from exhaustion. This study reports the isolation of myxobacteria from dung pellets collected from various regions of northwestern Himalayas. The isolated myxobacteria were functionally characterized to evaluate their bioactive capability. Of all the isolates, ST/P/71 exhibited broad range activities such as anticancer against all the four human cancer cell lines with IC50 in range of 2.03-9.65 µg/ml, antimicrobial against all the tested human pathogens, also exhibiting biofilm inhibition with MBIC50 at 10.4 µg/ml against Salmonella typhimurium. Consequently, ST/P/71 was chosen for fermentation and isolation of bioactive secondary metabolite through semi-preparative HPLC. It yielded compound 1, characterized as di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP) based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass data. DiBP exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against the lung cancer cell line (A549) at an IC50 values 3.09 µg/ml and biofilm inhibition activity against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium with MBIC50 2.703 and 9.263 µg/ml, respectively. ST/P/71 was identified as Myxococcus fulvus. Thus, M. fulvus ST/P/71 isolated from northwestern Himalayas is a new source of DiBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Sharma
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Quality Management and Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Vikash Babu
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Meenu Katoch
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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5
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Abdelhafiz Y, Fernandes JMO, Stefani E, Albanese D, Donati C, Kiron V. Power Play of Commensal Bacteria in the Buccal Cavity of Female Nile Tilapia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:773351. [PMID: 34867911 PMCID: PMC8636895 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.773351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish are widely exposed to higher microbial loads compared to land and air animals. It is known that the microbiome plays an essential role in the health and development of the host. The oral microbiome is vital in females of different organisms, including the maternal mouthbrooding species such as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The present study reports for the first time the microbial composition in the buccal cavity of female and male Nile tilapia reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. Mucus samples were collected from the buccal cavity of 58 adult fish (∼1 kg), and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to profile the microbial communities in females and males. The analysis revealed that opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus sp. were less abundant in the female buccal cavity. The power play of certain bacteria such as Acinetobacter, Acidobacteria (GP4 and GP6), and Saccharibacteria that have known metabolic advantages was evident in females compared to males. Association networks inferred from relative abundances showed few microbe–microbe interactions of opportunistic pathogens in female fish. The findings of opportunistic bacteria and their interactions with other microbes will be valuable for improving Nile tilapia rearing practices. The presence of bacteria with specific functions in the buccal cavity of female fish points to their ability to create a protective microbial ecosystem for the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousri Abdelhafiz
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Erika Stefani
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudio Donati
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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6
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Mayerhofer J, Thuerig B, Oberhaensli T, Enderle E, Lutz S, Ahrens CH, Fuchs JG, Widmer F. Indicative bacterial communities and taxa of disease-suppressing and growth-promoting composts and their associations to the rhizoplane. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6373440. [PMID: 34549287 PMCID: PMC8478479 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compost applications vary in their plant growth promotion and plant disease suppression, likely due to differences in physico-chemical and biological parameters. Our hypothesis was that bacteria are important for plant growth promotion and disease suppression of composts and, therefore, composts having these traits would contain similar sets of indicative bacterial taxa. Seventeen composts prepared from five different commercial providers and different starting materials were classified accordingly with bioassays using cress plants and the pathogen Pythium ultimum. Using a metabarcoding approach, bacterial communities were assessed in bulk composts and cress rhizoplanes. Six and nine composts showed significant disease suppression or growth promotion, respectively, but these traits did not correlate. Growth promotion correlated positively with nitrate content of composts, whereas disease suppression correlated negatively with factors representing compost age. Growth promotion and disease suppression explained significant portions of variation in bacterial community structures, i.e. 11.5% and 14.7%, respectively. Among the sequence variants (SVs) associated with growth promotion, Microvirga, Acinetobacter, Streptomyces, Bradyrhizobium and Bacillus were highly promising, while in suppressive composts, Ureibacillus,Thermogutta and Sphingopyxis were most promising. Associated SVs represent the basis for developing prediction tools for growth promotion and disease suppression, a highly desired goal for targeted compost production and application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Thuerig
- Crop Protection and Phytopathology, FiBL Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Oberhaensli
- Crop Protection and Phytopathology, FiBL Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Eileen Enderle
- Crop Protection and Phytopathology, FiBL Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Lutz
- Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Agroscope, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Christian H Ahrens
- Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Agroscope, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.,Bioinformatics and Proteogenomics, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Jacques G Fuchs
- Crop Protection and Phytopathology, FiBL Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Franco Widmer
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Srinivasan R, Kannappan A, Shi C, Lin X. Marine Bacterial Secondary Metabolites: A Treasure House for Structurally Unique and Effective Antimicrobial Compounds. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100530. [PMID: 34677431 PMCID: PMC8539464 DOI: 10.3390/md19100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs in preventing and treating infectious diseases caused by pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Because of the burgeoning growth of microbes with antimicrobial-resistant traits, there is a dire need to identify and develop novel and effective antimicrobial agents to treat infections from antimicrobial-resistant strains. The marine environment is rich in ecological biodiversity and can be regarded as an untapped resource for prospecting novel bioactive compounds. Therefore, exploring the marine environment for antimicrobial agents plays a significant role in drug development and biomedical research. Several earlier scientific investigations have proven that bacterial diversity in the marine environment represents an emerging source of structurally unique and novel antimicrobial agents. There are several reports on marine bacterial secondary metabolites, and many are pharmacologically significant and have enormous promise for developing effective antimicrobial drugs to combat microbial infections in drug-resistant pathogens. In this review, we attempt to summarize published articles from the last twenty-five years (1996–2020) on antimicrobial secondary metabolites from marine bacteria evolved in marine environments, such as marine sediment, water, fauna, and flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Srinivasan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Arunachalam Kannappan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (A.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Chunlei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (A.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Xiangmin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (X.L.)
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8
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Varijakzhan D, Loh JY, Yap WS, Yusoff K, Seboussi R, Lim SHE, Lai KS, Chong CM. Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sponges: Fundamentals and Applications. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:246. [PMID: 33925365 PMCID: PMC8146879 DOI: 10.3390/md19050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are sessile invertebrates that can be found in temperate, polar and tropical regions. They are known to be major contributors of bioactive compounds, which are discovered in and extracted from the marine environment. The compounds extracted from these sponges are known to exhibit various bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antitumor and general cytotoxicity. For example, various compounds isolated from Theonella swinhoei have showcased various bioactivities, such as those that are antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal. In this review, we discuss bioactive compounds that have been identified from marine sponges that showcase the ability to act as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-malarial and antifungal agents against human pathogens and fish pathogens in the aquaculture industry. Moreover, the application of such compounds as antimicrobial agents in other veterinary commodities, such as poultry, cattle farming and domesticated cats, is discussed, along with a brief discussion regarding the mode of action of these compounds on the targeted sites in various pathogens. The bioactivity of the compounds discussed in this review is focused mainly on compounds that have been identified between 2000 and 2020 and includes the novel compounds discovered from 2018 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Varijakzhan
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Jiun-Yan Loh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (J.-Y.L.); (W.-S.Y.)
| | - Wai-Sum Yap
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (J.-Y.L.); (W.-S.Y.)
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Rabiha Seboussi
- Health Sciences Division, Al Ain Men’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Swee-Hua Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Chou-Min Chong
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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9
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Venil CK, Dufossé L, Renuka Devi P. Bacterial Pigments: Sustainable Compounds With Market Potential for Pharma and Food Industry. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
The advantages and emergent interest in organism-derived bioactive molecules have recently renewed scientific research attention in this field. Since 1967, about 52 different derivatives of phthalate ester (PE) have been reported from different taxonomic groups. Anthropogenic derivatives of the PEs are confined to petroleum products, as a plasticizer. These derivatives exhibit a potential toxicity on the living system, particularly those having a reduced molecular weight. An organism-derived PE differs chemically from that of synthetic ones in terms of the abundance of 14C and its bond structure, leading to its varied activities in the biological system. The study of the biosynthetic pathway and the optimization of parameters for product enhancement have advocated their organism-derived nature. Various bioactivities of such organisms-derived derivatives of phthalates such as antibacterial, antifungal, an inducer of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antitumor, allopathic, larvicidal, antifouling, chemotactic, antimelanogenic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities have been well documented. This is the first review that focuses on the positive bioactivities of such organism-derived PEs in detail. There is enormous scope for research in this field to search for the utilization of such organism-derived phthalate derivatives will have potential bioactivity, their possible use to improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Narayan Roy
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Bhupendra Nath Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Purba-Bardhaman, India
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11
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Romero-Diaz C, Campos SM, Herrmann MA, Lewis KN, Williams DR, Soini HA, Novotny MV, Hews DK, Martins EP. Structural Identification, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Two Volatile Cyclic Dipeptides in a Terrestrial Vertebrate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4303. [PMID: 32152427 PMCID: PMC7062908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Single substances within complex vertebrate chemical signals could be physiologically or behaviourally active. However, the vast diversity in chemical structure, physical properties and molecular size of semiochemicals makes identifying pheromonally active compounds no easy task. Here, we identified two volatile cyclic dipeptides, cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Pro), from the complex mixture of a chemical signal in terrestrial vertebrates (lizard genus Sceloporus), synthesised one of them and investigated their biological activity in male intra-specific communication. In a series of behavioural trials, lizards performed more chemosensory behaviour (tongue flicks, lip smacks and substrate lickings) when presented with the synthesised cyclo(L-Pro-L-Pro) chemical blend, compared to the controls, the cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) blend, or a combined blend with both cyclic dipeptides. The results suggest a potential semiochemical role of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Pro) and a modulating effect of cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) that may depend on the relative concentration of both compounds in the chemical signal. In addition, our results stress how minor compounds in complex mixtures can produce a meaningful behavioural response, how small differences in structural design are crucial for biological activity, and highlight the need for more studies to determine the complete functional landscape of biologically relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie M Campos
- Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.,Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Morgan A Herrmann
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Kristen N Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - David R Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Helena A Soini
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.,Institute for Pheromone Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.,Institute for Pheromone Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Diana K Hews
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA
| | - Emília P Martins
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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12
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Kuchly B, Aucher P, Violette J, Bourdiol MC. [Rheinheimera bacteremia]. Med Mal Infect 2020; 50:377-378. [PMID: 32001041 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Kuchly
- Service de médecine polyvalente, centre hospitalier Saint-Louis, 28, avenue du Port, 17400 Saint Jean d'Angély, France.
| | - P Aucher
- Laboratoire inter hospitalier, centre hospitalier Saint-Louis, 28, avenue du Port, 17400 Saint Jean d'Angély, France
| | - J Violette
- Laboratoire inter hospitalier, centre hospitalier Saint-Louis, 28, avenue du Port, 17400 Saint Jean d'Angély, France
| | - M C Bourdiol
- Service de médecine gériatrique aiguë, centre hospitalier Saint-Louis, 28, avenue du Port, 17400 Saint Jean d'Angély, France
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13
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Abstract
The marine environment encompasses a huge biological diversity and can be considered as an underexplored location for prospecting bioactive molecules. In this review, the current state of art about antimicrobial molecules from marine bacteria has been summarized considering the main phylum and sources evolved in a marine environment. Considering the last two decades, we have found as most studied group of bacteria producers of substances with antimicrobial activity is the Firmicutes phylum, in particular strains of the Bacillus genus. The reason for that can be attributed to the difficult cultivation of typical Actinobacteria from a marine sediment, whose members are the major producers of antimicrobial substances in land environments. However, a reversed trend has been observed in recent years with an increasing number of reports settling on Actinobacteria. Great diversity of chemical structures have been identified, such as fijimicyns and lynamicyns from Actinomycetes and macrolactins produced by Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Stincone
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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14
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Cyclic tetrapeptides from the marine strain Streptomyces sp. PNM-161a with activity against rice and yam phytopathogens. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:744-751. [PMID: 31243345 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two cyclotetrapeptides, henceforth named Provipeptides A (1) and B (2), along with five known diketopiperazines (3-7) were isolated from the liquid culture of marine Streptomyces sp. 161a recovered from a sample of sea grass Bryopsis sp. The structures of cyclotetrapeptides and diketopiperazines (DKPs) were established by 1D and 2D NMR data, MS, and by comparison with literature data. The absolute stereochemistry of compounds cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Leu-D-Pro-L-Phe) 1 and cyclo-(-Pro-Ile-Pro-Phe) 2 was established by the Marfey's method. Compound 1 showed antibacterial activity against rice phytopathogenic strains Burkholderia glumae (MIC = 1.1 mM) and Burkholderia gladioli (MIC = 0.068 mM), compound 2 was active only against B. glumae (MIC = 1.1 mM), and DKP cyclo-[L-Pro-L-Leu] 5 showed to be active against B. gladioli (MIC = 0.3 mM) and B. glumae (MIC = 2.4 mM). Compounds 1 and 2 showed 65% and 50% inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (yam pathogen) conidia germination, respectively at a concentration of 1.1 mM.
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15
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Savi DC, Shaaban KA, Gos FMW, Thorson JS, Glienke C, Rohr J. Secondary metabolites produced by Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 with antifungal activity against the phytopathogen Phyllosticta citricarpa. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:453-460. [PMID: 30565048 PMCID: PMC6531336 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-00668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The citrus black spot (CBS), caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, is one of the most important citrus diseases in subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas, and fruits with CBS lesions are still subject to quarantine regulations in the European Union. Despite the high application of fungicides, the disease remains present in the citrus crops of Central and South America. In order to find alternatives to help control CBS and reduce the use of fungicides, we explored the antifungal potential of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from the Brazilian medicinal plant Vochysia divergens found in the Pantanal biome. Two different culture media and temperatures were selected to identify the most efficient conditions for the production of active secondary metabolites. The metabolites produced by strain Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 cultured in SG medium at 36 °C considerably inhibited the development of P. citricarpa. Three isoflavones and five diketopiperazines were identified, and the compounds 7-O-β-D-glucosyl-genistein and 7-O-β-D-glucosyl-daidzein showed high activity against P. citricarpa, with the MIC of 33 μg/mL and inhibited the production of asexual spores of P. citricarpa on leaves and citrus fruits. Compounds that inhibit conidia formation may be a promising alternative to reduce the use of fungicides in the control of CBS lesions, especially in regions where sexual reproduction does not occur, as in the USA. Our data suggest the use of Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 or its metabolites as an ecological alternative to be used in association with the fungicides for the control of CBS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani Cristina Savi
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Francielly M W Gos
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
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16
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Chiellini C, Pasqualetti C, Lanzoni O, Fagorzi C, Bazzocchi C, Fani R, Petroni G, Modeo L. Harmful Effect of Rheinheimera sp. EpRS3 ( Gammaproteobacteria) Against the Protist Euplotes aediculatus (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea): Insights Into the Ecological Role of Antimicrobial Compounds From Environmental Bacterial Strains. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:510. [PMID: 31001206 PMCID: PMC6457097 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheinheimera sp. strain EpRS3, isolated from the rhizosphere of Echinacea purpurea, is already known for its ability to produce antibacterial compounds. By use of culture experiments, we verified and demonstrated its harmful effect against the ciliated protist Euplotes aediculatus (strain EASCc1), which by FISH experiments resulted to harbor in its cytoplasm the obligate bacterial endosymbiont Polynucleobacter necessarius (Betaproteobacteria) and the secondary endosymbiont "Candidatus Nebulobacter yamunensis" (Gammaproteobacteria). In culture experiments, the number of ciliates treated both with liquid broth bacteria-free (Supernatant treatment) and bacteria plus medium (Tq treatment), decreases with respect to control cells, with complete disappearance of ciliates within 6 h after Tq treatment. Results suggest that Rheinheimera sp. EpRS3 produces and releases in liquid culture one or more bioactive molecules affecting E. aediculatus survival. TEM analysis of control (not treated) ciliates allowed to morphologically characterize both kind of E. aediculatus endosymbionts. In treated ciliates, collected soon after the arising of cell suffering leading to death, TEM observations revealed some ultrastructural damages, indicating that P. necessarius endosymbionts went into degradation and vacuolization after both Supernatant and Tq treatments. Additionally, TEM investigation showed that when the ciliate culture was inoculated with Tq treatment, both a notable decrease of P. necessarius number and an increase of damaged and degraded mitochondria occur. FISH experiments performed on treated ciliates confirmed TEM results and, by means of the specific probe herein designed, disclosed the presence of Rheinheimera sp. EpRS3 both inside phagosomes and free in cytoplasm in ciliates after Tq treatment. This finding suggests a putative ability of Rheinheimera sp. EpRS3 to reintroduce itself in the environment avoiding ciliate digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camilla Fagorzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Bazzocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Modeo
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Zhang H, Hua Y, Chen J, Li X, Bai X, Wang H. Organism-derived phthalate derivatives as bioactive natural products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 36:125-144. [PMID: 30444179 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2018.1490512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used in polymer materials as a plasticizer. These compounds possess potent toxic variations depending on their chemical structures. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that phthalate compounds are undoubtedly discovered in secondary metabolites of organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms. This review firstly summarizes biological sources of various phthalates and their bioactivities reported during the past few decades as well as their environmental toxicities and public health risks. It suggests that these organisms are one of important sources of natural phthalates with diverse profiles of bioactivity and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zhang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yi Hua
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiuting Li
- b Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Xuelian Bai
- c College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Hong Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
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18
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Gos FMWR, Savi DC, Shaaban KA, Thorson JS, Aluizio R, Possiede YM, Rohr J, Glienke C. Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Actinomycetes Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Vochysia divergens (Pantanal, Brazil). Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1642. [PMID: 28932210 PMCID: PMC5592219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic actinomycetes from medicinal plants produce a wide diversity of secondary metabolites (SM). However, to date, the knowledge about endophytes from Brazil remains scarce. Thus, we analyzed the antimicrobial potential of 10 actinomycetes isolated from the medicinal plant Vochysia divergens located in the Pantanal sul-mato-grossense, an unexplored wetland in Brazil. Strains were classified as belonging to the Aeromicrobium, Actinomadura, Microbacterium, Microbispora, Micrococcus, Sphaerisporangium, Streptomyces, and Williamsia genera, through morphological and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analyzes. A susceptibility analysis demonstrated that the strains were largely resistant to the antibiotics oxacillin and nalidixic acid. Additionally, different culture media (SG and R5A), and temperatures (28 and 36°C) were evaluated to select the best culture conditions to produce the active SM. All conditions were analyzed for active metabolites, and the best antibacterial activity was observed from metabolites produced with SG medium at 36°C. The LGMB491 (close related to Aeromicrobium ponti) extract showed the highest activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with a MIC of 0.04 mg/mL, and it was selected for SM identification. Strain LGMB491 produced 1-acetyl-β-carboline (1), indole-3-carbaldehyde (2), 3-(hydroxyacetyl)-indole (4), brevianamide F (5), and cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) (6) as major compounds with antibacterial activity. In this study, we add to the knowledge about the endophytic community from the medicinal plant V. divergens and report the isolation of rare actinomycetes that produce highly active metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiani C Savi
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
| | - Rodrigo Aluizio
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
| | - Yvelise M Possiede
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, KY, United States
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
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19
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Chen L, Qian PY. Review on Molecular Mechanisms of Antifouling Compounds: An Update since 2012. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090264. [PMID: 28846624 PMCID: PMC5618403 DOI: 10.3390/md15090264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Better understanding of the mechanisms of antifouling compounds is recognized to be of high value in establishing sensitive biomarkers, allowing the targeted optimization of antifouling compounds and guaranteeing environmental safety. Despite vigorous efforts to find new antifouling compounds, information about the mechanisms of antifouling is still scarce. This review summarizes the progress into understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying antifouling activity since 2012. Non-toxic mechanisms aimed at specific targets, including inhibitors of transmembrane transport, quorum sensing inhibitors, neurotransmission blockers, adhesive production/release inhibitors and enzyme/protein inhibitors, are put forward for natural antifouling products or shelf-stable chemicals. Several molecular targets show good potential for use as biomarkers in future mechanistic screening, such as acetylcholine esterase for neurotransmission, phenoloxidase/tyrosinase for the formation of adhesive plaques, N-acyl homoserine lactone for quorum sensing and intracellular Ca2+ levels as second messenger. The studies on overall responses to challenges by antifoulants can be categorized as general targets, including protein expression/metabolic activity regulators, oxidative stress inducers, neurotransmission blockers, surface modifiers, biofilm inhibitors, adhesive production/release inhibitors and toxic killing. Given the current situation and the knowledge gaps regarding the development of alternative antifoulants, a basic workflow is proposed that covers the indispensable steps, including preliminary mechanism- or bioassay-guided screening, evaluation of environmental risks, field antifouling performance, clarification of antifouling mechanisms and the establishment of sensitive biomarkers, which are combined to construct a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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20
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Choudhary A, Naughton LM, Montánchez I, Dobson ADW, Rai DK. Current Status and Future Prospects of Marine Natural Products (MNPs) as Antimicrobials. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090272. [PMID: 28846659 PMCID: PMC5618411 DOI: 10.3390/md15090272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is a rich source of chemically diverse, biologically active natural products, and serves as an invaluable resource in the ongoing search for novel antimicrobial compounds. Recent advances in extraction and isolation techniques, and in state-of-the-art technologies involved in organic synthesis and chemical structure elucidation, have accelerated the numbers of antimicrobial molecules originating from the ocean moving into clinical trials. The chemical diversity associated with these marine-derived molecules is immense, varying from simple linear peptides and fatty acids to complex alkaloids, terpenes and polyketides, etc. Such an array of structurally distinct molecules performs functionally diverse biological activities against many pathogenic bacteria and fungi, making marine-derived natural products valuable commodities, particularly in the current age of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we have highlighted several marine-derived natural products (and their synthetic derivatives), which have gained recognition as effective antimicrobial agents over the past five years (2012–2017). These natural products have been categorized based on their chemical structures and the structure-activity mediated relationships of some of these bioactive molecules have been discussed. Finally, we have provided an insight into how genome mining efforts are likely to expedite the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Choudhary
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland.
| | - Lynn M Naughton
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork City T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Itxaso Montánchez
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of the Basque Country, (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork City T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Dilip K Rai
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland.
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