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Gong T, Yin X, Liu W, Chen H, Shi Z. Differences of oribatid mite community and trophic structure between karst caves and surface different moss habitats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290144. [PMID: 37590253 PMCID: PMC10434907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to reveal the community characteristics and trophic structure of oribatid mites in different moss habitats in karst caves, the oribatid mites in the moss habitats of ground (GD), understory (US), cave wall (CW), surface shrub (SB) and farmland (FL) outside the cave were collected in October 2021. Through the identification and data analysis of oribatid mites, 2352 oribatid mites were found, belonging to 45 families and 72 genera, most of which were Gymnonota. The family number, genus number, individual number, individual density, dominant genus composition, community diversity, community similarity, MGP (Analysis methods for ecological groups of oribatid mites) ecological group of oribatid mites and trophic structure of oribatid mites in different moss were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The number of families, genera, individuals, and individual density of SB and FL are higher than those of the other three habitats; (2) Platyliodes, Oppiella, Tectocepheus, Scutovertex, Scheloribates and Trichogalumna are the dominant genera of the oribatid mites in the cave moss habitat, among them, Tectocepheus and Trichogaluna have the most obvious advantages; (3) The diversity index of shrub (SB) was higher than that of other four habitats; Similarity between ground and cave wall, shrub and farmland is high; (4) The MGP ecological group of oribatid mites in different habitats is dominated by O type (Overall type belongs to MGP analysis results, 20%≤M,G,P≤50%), and a total of 42 genera of oribatid mites preliminarily constitute the trophic structure of oribatid mites in the cave moss habitat. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that there are differences in the community structure of oribatid mites in different moss habitats in the study area, and the use of dominant genera of mites can preliminarily indicate the environmental conditions of different moss habitats. This study enriches the study of mites in karst cave mosses, and can provide theoretical significance for the protection of cave biodiversity in karst areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gong
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiumei Yin
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hu Chen
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Carbonara M, Mendonza-Roldan JA, Perles L, Alfaro-Alarcon A, Romero LM, Murillo DB, Piche-Ovares M, Corrales-Aguilar E, Iatta R, Walochnik J, Santoro M, Otranto D. Parasitic fauna of bats from Costa Rica. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 20:63-72. [PMID: 36655207 PMCID: PMC9841367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bats are important reservoirs and spreaders of pathogens, including those of zoonotic concern. Though Costa Rica hosts one of the highest bat species' diversity, no information is available about their parasites. In order to investigate the occurrence of vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) and gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of chiropterans from this neotropical area, ectoparasites (n = 231) and stools (n = 64) were collected from 113 bats sampled in Santa Cruz (site 1) and Talamanca (site 2). Mites, fleas and ticks were morphologically and molecularly identified, as well as pathogens transmitted by vectors (VBPs, i.e., Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp.) and from feces, such as Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Eimeria spp. were molecularly investigated. Overall, 21 bat species belonging to 15 genera and 5 families were identified of which 42.5% were infested by ectoparasites, with a higher percentage of mites (38.9%, i.e., Cameronieta sp. and Mitonyssoides sp.) followed by flies (2.6%, i.e., Joblingia sp.) and tick larvae (1.7%, i.e., Ornithodoros sp.). Rickettsia spp. was identified in one immature tick and phylogenetically clustered with two Rickettsia species of the Spotted Fever Group (i.e., R. massiliae and R. rhipicephali). The frequency of GI parasite infection was 14%, being 3.1% of bats infected by Giardia spp. (un-identified non-duodenalis species), 1.5% by Eimeria spp. and 9.4% by Cryptosporidium spp. (bat and rodent genotypes; one C. parvum-related human genotype). The wide range of ectoparasites collected coupled with the detection of Rickettsia sp., Giardia and Cryptosporidium in bats from Costa Rica highlight the role these mammals may play as spreaders of pathogens and the need to further investigate the pathogenic potential of these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lívia Perles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniel Barrantes Murillo
- Pathology Department, National University, Heredia, Costa Rica,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Alabama, USA
| | - Marta Piche-Ovares
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica,Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National University, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | | | - Roberta Iatta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Santoro
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy,Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran,Corresponding author. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, 70010, Bari, Italy.
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