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Qian F, Arner BE, Kelly KM, Annageldiyev C, Sharma A, Claxton DF, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS. Interleukin-4 treatment reduces leukemia burden in acute myeloid leukemia. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22328. [PMID: 35471732 PMCID: PMC9994642 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200251r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a signature cytokine pivotal in Type 2 helper T cell (Th2) immune response, particularly in allergy and hypersensitivity. Interestingly, IL-4 increases endogenous levels of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2 ) and its metabolites, Δ12 -prostaglandin J2 (Δ12 -PGJ2 ) and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14 -prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2 ), collectively called cyclopentenone PGs (CyPGs). However, the therapeutic role of IL-4 in hematologic malignancies remains unclear. Here, we employed a murine model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where human MLL-AF9 fusion oncoprotein was expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells, to test the effect of IL-4 treatment in vivo. Daily intraperitoneal treatment with IL-4 at 60 µg/kg/d significantly alleviated the severity of AML, as seen by decreased leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). The effect of IL-4 was mediated, in part, by the enhanced expression of hematopoietic- PGD2 synthase (H-PGDS) to effect endogenous production of CyPGs, through autocrine and paracrine signaling mechanisms. Similar results were seen with patient-derived AML cells cultured ex vivo with IL-4. Use of GW9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) antagonist, suggested endogenous CyPGs-PPARγ axis mediated p53-dependent apoptosis of LICs by IL-4. Taken together, our results reveal a beneficial role of IL-4 treatment in AML suggesting a potential therapeutic regimen worthy of clinical trials in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Qian
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Brooke E. Arner
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Kelly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Mammalian Pathology Section, Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Charyguly Annageldiyev
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - David F. Claxton
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Robert F. Paulson
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Kim SJ, Cho NC, Hahn YI, Kim SH, Fang X, Surh YJ. STAT3 as a Potential Target for Tumor Suppressive Effects of 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:207-217. [PMID: 34703823 PMCID: PMC8511581 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 plays a prominent role in proliferation and survival of tumor cells. Thus, STAT3 has been considered to be a prime target for development of anti-cancer therapeutics. The electrophilic cyclopentenone prostaglandin,15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) has been well recognized for its capability to modulate intracellular signaling pathways involved in cancer cell growth and progression. We previously reported that 15d-PGJ2 had potent cytotoxicity against harvey-ras transformed human mammary epithelial cells through direct interaction with STAT3. In this study, we have attempted to verify the inhibitory effects of 15d-PGJ2 on STAT3 signaling in human breast tumor cells. The triple negative breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 displaying constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3 on the tyrosine 705 (Tyr705) residue, underwent apoptosis upon inhibition of STAT3 by 15d-PGJ2. In contrast, estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells that do not exhibit elevated STAT3 phosphorylation were much less susceptible to 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis as assessed by PARP cleavage. Furthermore, 15d-PGJ2 inhibited interleukin-6-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 in LNCaP cells. According to molecular docking studies, 15d-PGJ2 may preferentially bind to the cysteine 259 residue (Cys259) present in the coiled-coil domain of STAT3. Site-directed mutagenesis of STAT3 identified Cys259 to be the critical amino acid for the 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, these findings suggest STAT3 inactivation through direct chemical modification of its Cys259 as a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of triple negative breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Cho
- Korea Chemical Bank, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Il Hahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xizhu Fang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Lee BR, Paing MH, Sharma-Walia N. Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins: Biologically Active Lipid Mediators Targeting Inflammation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640374. [PMID: 34335286 PMCID: PMC8320392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPGs) are biologically active lipid mediators, including PGA2, PGA1, PGJ2, and its metabolites. cyPGs are essential regulators of inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell migration, and stem cell activity. cyPGs biologically act on multiple cellular targets, including transcription factors and signal transduction pathways. cyPGs regulate the inflammatory response by interfering with NF-κB, AP-1, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways via both a group of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) dependent and PPAR-γ independent mechanisms. cyPGs promote the resolution of chronic inflammation associated with cancers and pathogen (bacterial, viral, and parasitic) infection. cyPGs exhibit potent effects on viral infections by repressing viral protein synthesis, altering viral protein glycosylation, inhibiting virus transmission, and reducing virus-induced inflammation. We summarize their anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, cytoprotective, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, pro-resolution, and anti-metastatic potential. These properties render them unique therapeutic value, especially in resolving inflammation and could be used in adjunct with other existing therapies. We also discuss other α, β -unsaturated carbonyl lipids and cyPGs like isoprostanes (IsoPs) compounds.
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4
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Huang R, Zhang C, Wang X, Hu H. PPARγ in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Overview of the Biology and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:600618. [PMID: 33995008 PMCID: PMC8117354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.600618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process that is often characterized as a blood circulation disorder caused due to various factors (such as traumatic shock, surgery, organ transplantation, burn, and thrombus). Severe metabolic dysregulation and tissue structure destruction are observed upon restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissue. Theoretically, IRI can occur in various tissues and organs, including the kidney, liver, myocardium, and brain, among others. The advances made in research regarding restoring tissue perfusion in ischemic areas have been inadequate with regard to decreasing the mortality and infarct size associated with IRI. Hence, the clinical treatment of patients with severe IRI remains a thorny issue. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of a superfamily of nuclear transcription factors activated by agonists and is a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating IRI. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of PPARγ in IRI. The protective effects of PPARγ, such as attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and antagonizing apoptosis, are described, envisaging certain therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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5
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15-Deoxy-∆- 12,14-Prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an Endogenous Ligand of PPAR- γ: Function and Mechanism. PPAR Res 2019; 2019:7242030. [PMID: 31467514 PMCID: PMC6699332 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7242030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
15-Deoxy-∆-12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, has been explored in some detail over the last 20 years. By triggering the PPAR-γ signalling pathway, it plays many roles and exerts antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, antifibrosis, and antiangiogenesis effects. Although many synthetic PPAR-γ receptor agonists have been developed, as an endogenous product of PPAR-γ receptors, 15d-PGJ2 has beneficial characteristics including rapid expression and the ability to contribute to a natural defence mechanism. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in our knowledge of the biological role of 15d-PGJ2 mediated through PPAR-γ. It is important to understand its structure, synthesis, and functional mechanisms to develop preventive agents and limit the progression of associated diseases.
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Abstract
Bioactive lipids are essential components of human cells and tissues. As discussed in this review, the cancer lipidome is diverse and malleable, with the ability to promote or inhibit cancer pathogenesis. Targeting lipids within the tumor and surrounding microenvironment may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating cancer patients. Additionally, the emergence of a novel super-family of lipid mediators termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) has revealed a new role for bioactive lipid mediators in the resolution of inflammation in cancer biology. The role of SPMs in cancer holds great promise in our understanding of cancer pathogenesis and can ultimately be used in future cancer diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Sulciner
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Allison Gartung
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly M Gilligan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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The role of XIAP in resistance to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in Leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1010-1019. [PMID: 30257312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment for leukemic malignancies remains a challenge despite the wide use of conventional chemotherapies. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are highly demanded. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) represents a targeted therapy against cancer because it induces apoptosis only in tumor cells. TRAIL is currently under investigation for the treatment of leukemia. Preclinical studies evaluated the potential therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL on cell lines and clinical samples and showed promising results. However, like most anti-cancer drugs, resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis may limit its clinical efficacy. It is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms of TRAIL. Therefore, rational therapeutic drug combinations for clinical trials of TRAIL-based therapies might be achieved. In a variety of leukemic cells, overexpression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), a negative regulator of apoptosis pathway, has been discovered. Implication of XIAP in the ineffective induction of cell death by TRAIL in leukemia has been explored in several resistant cell lines. XIAP inhibitors restored TRAIL sensitivity in resistant cells and primary leukemic blasts. Moreover, TRAIL resistance in leukemic cells could be overcome by the effects of several anti-leukemic agents via the mechanisms of XIAP downregulation. Here, we discuss targeting XIAP, a strategy to restore TRAIL sensitivity in leukemia to acquire more insights into the mechanisms of TRAIL resistance. The concluding remarks may lead to identify putative ways to resensitize tumors.
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Yun SH, Sim EH, Han SH, Han JY, Kim SH, Silchenko AS, Stonik VA, Park JI. Holotoxin A₁ Induces Apoptosis by Activating Acid Sphingomyelinase and Neutral Sphingomyelinase in K562 and Human Primary Leukemia Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16040123. [PMID: 29642569 PMCID: PMC5923410 DOI: 10.3390/md16040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine triterpene glycosides are attractive candidates for the development of anticancer agents. Holotoxin A1 is a triterpene glycoside found in the edible sea cucumber, Apostichopus (Stichopus) japonicus. We previously showed that cladoloside C2, the 25(26)-dihydro derivative of holotoxin A1, induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells by activating ceramide synthase 6. Thus, we hypothesized that holotoxin A1, which is structurally similar to cladoloside C2, might induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells through the same molecular mechanism. In this paper, we compared holotoxin A1 and cladoloside C2 for killing potency and mechanism of action. We found that holotoxin A1 induced apoptosis more potently than cladoloside C2. Moreover, holotoxin A1-induced apoptosis in K562 cells by activating caspase-8 and caspase-3, but not by activating caspase-9. During holotoxin A1 induced apoptosis, acid sphingomyelinase (SMase) and neutral SMase were activated in both K562 cells and human primary leukemia cells. Specifically inhibiting acid SMase and neutral SMаse with chemical inhibitors or siRNAs significantly inhibited holotoxin A1–induced apoptosis. These results indicated that holotoxin A1 might induce apoptosis by activating acid SMase and neutral SMase. In conclusion, holotoxin A1 represents a potential anticancer agent for treating leukemia. Moreover, the aglycone structure of marine triterpene glycosides might affect the mechanism involved in inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hoon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea.
| | - Eun-Hye Sim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea.
| | - Sang-Heum Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea.
| | - Jin-Yeong Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea.
| | - Alexandra S Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Joo-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea.
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Ryu S, Kim DS, Lee MW, Lee JW, Sung KW, Koo HH, Yoo KH. Anti-leukemic effects of PPARγ ligands. Cancer Lett 2018; 418:10-19. [PMID: 29331412 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, a subtype of PPARs, is a member of the nuclear receptor family. PPARγ and its ligands contribute to various types of diseases including cancer. Given that currently developed therapies against leukemia are not very effective or safe, PPARγ ligands have been shown to be a new class of compounds with the potential to treat hematologic malignancies, particularly leukemia. The capability of PPARγ ligands to induce apoptosis, inhibit proliferation, and promote differentiation of leukemia cells suggests it has significant potential as a drug against leukemia. However, the specific mechanisms and molecules involved are not well-understood, although a number of PPARγ ligands with anti-leukemic effects have been identified. This may explain why PPARγ ligands have not been widely evaluated in clinical trials. To fill the gaps in the lack of understanding of specific anti-leukemic processes of PPARγ ligands and further adapt these molecules as anti-leukemic agents, this review describes previous studies of the anti-leukemic effects of PPARγ ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somi Ryu
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.
| | - Dae Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Myoung Woo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ki Woong Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hong Hoe Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Yun SH, Sim EH, Han SH, Kim TR, Ju MH, Han JY, Jeong JS, Kim SH, Silchenko AS, Stonik VA, Park JI. In vitro and in vivo anti-leukemic effects of cladoloside C 2 are mediated by activation of Fas/ceramide synthase 6/p38 kinase/c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase/caspase-8. Oncotarget 2017; 9:495-511. [PMID: 29416631 PMCID: PMC5787484 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the quinovose-containing hexaoside stichoposide C (STC) is a more potent anti-leukemic agent than the glucose-containing stichoposide D (STD), and that these substances have different molecular mechanisms of action. In the present study, we investigated the novel marine triterpene glycoside cladoloside C2 from Cladolabes schmeltzii, which has the same carbohydrate moiety as STC. We assessed whether cladoloside C2 could induce apoptosis in K562 and HL-60 cells. We also evaluated whether it showed antitumor action in mouse leukemia xenograft models, and its molecular mechanisms of action. We investigated the molecular mechanism behind cladoloside C2-induced apoptosis of human leukemia cells, and examined the antitumor effect of cladoloside C2 in a HL-60 and K562 leukemia xenograft model. Cladoloside C2 dose- and time-dependently induced apoptosis in the analyzed cells, and led to the activation of Fas/ceramide synthase 6 (CerS6)/p38 kinase/JNK/caspase-8. This cladoloside C2-induced apoptosis was partially blocked by specific inhibition by Fas, CerS6, and p38 siRNA transfection, and by specific inhibition of JNK by SP600125 or dominant negative-JNK transfection. Cladoloside C2 exerted antitumor activity through the activation of Fas/CerS6/p38 kinase/JNK/caspase-8 without showing any toxicity in xenograft mouse models. The antitumor effect of cladoloside C2 was reversed in CerS6 shRNA-silenced xenograft models. Our results suggest that cladoloside C2 has in vitro and in vivo anti-leukemic effects due to the activation of Fas/CerS6/p38 kinase/JNK/caspase-8 in lipid rafts. These findings support the therapeutic relevance of cladoloside C2 in the treatment of human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hoon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Sim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Heum Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae-Rang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ha Ju
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Yeong Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Alexandra S Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bio-organic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bio-organic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Joo-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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11
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Yun SH, Park ES, Shin SW, Ju MH, Han JY, Jeong JS, Kim SH, Stonik VA, Kwak JY, Park JI. By activating Fas/ceramide synthase 6/p38 kinase in lipid rafts, stichoposide D inhibits growth of leukemia xenografts. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27596-612. [PMID: 26318294 PMCID: PMC4695011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stichoposide D (STD) is a marine triterpene glycoside isolated from sea cucumbers. We examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of STD in human leukemia cells. The role of Fas (CD95), ceramide synthase 6 (CerS6) and p38 kinase during STD-induced apoptosis was examined in human leukemia cells. In addition, the antitumor effects of STD in K562 and HL-60 leukemia xenograft models were investigated. We found that STD induces Fas translocation to lipid rafts, and thus mediates cell apoptosis. We also observed the activation of CerS6 and p38 kinase during STD-induced apoptosis. The use of methyl-β-cyclodextrin and nystatin to disrupt lipid rafts prevents the clustering of Fas and the activation of CerS6 and p38 kinase, and also inhibits STD-induced apoptosis. Specific inhibition by Fas, CerS6, and p38 kinase siRNA transfection partially blocked STD-induced apoptosis. In addition, STD has antitumor activity through the activation of CerS6 and p38 kinase without displaying any toxicity in HL-60 and K562 xenograft models. We observed that the anti-tumor effect of STD is partially prevented in CerS6 shRNA-silenced xenograft models. We first report that Fas/CerS6/p38 kinase activation in lipid rafts by STD is involved in its anti-leukemic activity. We also established that STD is able to enhance the chemosensitivity of K562 cells to etoposide or Ara-C. These data suggest that STD may be used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to treat leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hoon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Seon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung-Won Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ha Ju
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Yeong Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Joo-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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12
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Chen K, Dai W, Wang F, Xia Y, Li J, Li S, Liu T, Zhang R, Wang J, Lu W, Zhou Y, Yin Q, Zheng Y, Abudumijiti H, Chen R, Lu J, Zhou Y, Guo C. Inhibitive effects of 15-deoxy-Δ(12),(14)-prostaglandin J2 on hepatoma-cell proliferation through reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3585-93. [PMID: 26664142 PMCID: PMC4671813 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s92832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in many malignant cells, which has not been studied in hepatoma cells. In this study, we investigated whether 15d-PGJ2 induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with ROS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The LM3, SMMC-7721, and Huh-7 HCC cell lines were treated with 15d-PGJ2 (5-40 μM) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cholecystokinin 8 was used to detect the cytotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2. Flow cytometry, Hoechst staining, and Western blotting were used to analyze apoptosis. ROS were combined with the fluorescent probe dihydroethidium and then observed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Activation of JNK and expression of Akt were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS 15d-PGJ2 inhibited HCC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis was mainly induced via an intrinsic pathway and was ROS-dependent, and was alleviated by ROS scavengers. ROS induced JNK activation and Akt downregulation in HCC cells. CONCLUSION 15d-PGJ2 induced ROS in HCC cell lines, and inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis were partly ROS-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huerxidan Abudumijiti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Yen CC, Hsiao CD, Chen WM, Wen YS, Lin YC, Chang TW, Yao FY, Hung SC, Wang JY, Chiu JH, Wang HW, Lin CH, Chen TH, Chen PCH, Liu CL, Tzeng CH, Fletcher JA. Cytotoxic effects of 15d-PGJ2 against osteosarcoma through ROS-mediated AKT and cell cycle inhibition. Oncotarget 2014; 5:716-25. [PMID: 24566468 PMCID: PMC3996657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a critical cell cycle regulator, has been identified as a potential target in osteosarcoma (OS). 15-deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a prostaglandin derivative, has shown its anti-tumor activity by inducing apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inactivation of v-akt, a murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog, (AKT) in cancer cells. In the study analyzing its effects on arthritis, 15d-PGJ2 mediated shear-induced chondrocyte apoptosis via protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent regulation of PLK1. In this study, the cytotoxic effect and mechanism underlying 15d-PGJ2 effects against OS were explored using OS cell lines. 15d-PGJ2 induced significant G2/M arrest, and exerted time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects against all OS cell lines. Western blot analysis showed that both AKT and PKA-PLK1 were down-regulated in OS cell lines after treatment with 15d-PGJ2. In addition, transfection of constitutively active AKT or PLK1 partially rescued cells from 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis, suggesting crucial roles for both pathways in the anti-cancer effects of 15d-PGJ2. Moreover, ROS generation was found treatment with 15d-PGJ2, and its cytotoxic effect could be reversed with N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Furthermore, inhibition of JNK partially rescued 15d-PGJ2 cytotoxicity. Thus, ROS-mediated JNK activation may contribute to apoptosis through down-regulation of the p-Akt and PKA-PLK1 pathways. 15d-PGJ2 is a potential therapeutic agent for OS, exerting cytotoxicity mediated through both AKT and PKA-PLK1 inhibition, and these results form the basis for further analysis of its role in animal studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Chuan Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Epidermal Stem Cell Lab, Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Chen
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Shan Wen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chan Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Yao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jir-You Wang
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hwey Chiu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsei-Wei Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, and Cancer Research Center & Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, and Cancer Research Center & Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tain-Hsiung Chen
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chih-Hsueh Chen
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Liu
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hwai Tzeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major resistance factor and critical anti-apoptotic regulator that inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Fas-L, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis as well as chemotherapy-triggered apoptosis in malignant cells. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIP(L)), short (c-FLIP(S)), and c-FLIP(R) splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 in a ligand-dependent and-independent fashion, which in turn prevents death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. Moreover, c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) are known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective signaling molecules. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its downregulation has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that specifically knockdown the expression of c-FLIP(L) in diverse human cancer cell lines augmented TRAIL-induced DISC recruitment and increased the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby enhancing effector caspase stimulation and apoptosis. Moreover, small molecules causing degradation of c-FLIP as well as decreasing mRNA and protein levels of c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) splice variants have been found, and efforts are underway to develop other c-FLIP-targeted cancer therapies. This review focuses on (1) the functional role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and drug resistance; (2) the molecular mechanisms that regulate c-FLIP expression; and (3) strategies to inhibit c-FLIP expression and function.
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Yun SH, Park ES, Shin SW, Na YW, Han JY, Jeong JS, Shastina VV, Stonik VA, Park JI, Kwak JY. Stichoposide C induces apoptosis through the generation of ceramide in leukemia and colorectal cancer cells and shows in vivo antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 18:5934-48. [PMID: 23132899 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Marine triterpene glycosides that are physiologically active natural compounds isolated from sea cucumbers (holothurians) and sponges have antifungal, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities, whose specific molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we examined if and through which mechanisms stichoposide C (STC) from Thelenota anax (family Stichopodidae) induces apoptosis in leukemia and colorectal cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined STC-induced apoptosis in human leukemia and colorectal cancer cells in the context of mitochondrial injury and signaling pathway disturbances, and investigated the antitumor effect of STC in mouse CT-26 subcutaneous tumor and HL-60 leukemia xenograft models. RESULTS We found that STC induces apoptosis in these cells in a dose-dependent manner and leads to the activation of Fas and caspase-8, cleavage of Bid, mitochondrial damage, and activation of caspase-3. STC activates acid sphingomyelinase (SMase) and neutral SMase, which resulted in the generation of ceramide. Specific inhibition of acid SMase or neutral SMase and siRNA knockdown experiments partially blocked STC-induced apoptosis. Moreover, STC markedly reduced tumor growth of HL-60 xenograft and CT-26 subcutaneous tumors and increased ceramide generation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Ceramide generation by STC, through activation of acid and neutral SMase, may in part contribute to STC-induced apoptosis and antitumor activity. Thus, STC may have therapeutic relevance for human leukemia and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hoon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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16
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Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its ligands in the treatment of hematological malignancies. PPAR Res 2011; 2008:834612. [PMID: 18528522 PMCID: PMC2408681 DOI: 10.1155/2008/834612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a multifunctional transcription factor with important regulatory roles in inflammation, cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. PPARgamma is expressed in a variety of immune cells as well as in numerous leukemias and lymphomas. Here, we review recent studies that provide new insights into the mechanisms by which PPARgamma ligands influence hematological malignant cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Understanding the diverse properties of PPARgamma ligands is crucial for the development of new therapeutic approaches for hematological malignancies.
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17
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Wang G, Ye Y, Yang X, Liao H, Zhao C, Liang S. Expression-based in silico screening of candidate therapeutic compounds for lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14573. [PMID: 21283735 PMCID: PMC3024967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinom (AC) is the most common form of lung cancer. Currently, the number of medical options to deal with lung cancer is very limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate potential therapeutic compounds for lung adenocarcinoma based on integrative analysis. Methodology/Principal Findings The candidate therapeutic compounds were identified in a two-step process. First, a meta-analysis of two published microarray data was conducted to obtain a list of 343 differentially expressed genes specific to lung AC. In the next step, expression profiles of these genes were used to query the Connectivity-Map (C-MAP) database to identify a list of compounds whose treatment reverse expression direction in various cancer cells. Several compounds in the categories of HSP90 inhibitor, HDAC inhibitor, PPAR agonist, PI3K inhibitor, passed our screening to be the leading candidates. On top of the list, three HSP90 inhibitors, i.e. 17-AAG (also known as tanespimycin), monorden, and alvespimycin, showed significant negative enrichment scores. Cytotoxicity as well as effects on cell cycle regulation and apoptosis were evaluated experimentally in lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549 or GLC-82) with or without treatment with 17-AAG. In vitro study demonstrated that 17-AAG alone or in combination with cisplatin (DDP) can significantly inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Conclusions/Significance We have used an in silico screening to identify compounds for treating lung cancer. One such compound 17-AAG demonstrated its anti-lung AC activity by inhibiting cell growth and promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Wang
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Ye
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Technology, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Liao
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Canguo Zhao
- Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Kulkarni AA, Thatcher TH, Olsen KC, Maggirwar SB, Phipps RP, Sime PJ. PPAR-γ ligands repress TGFβ-induced myofibroblast differentiation by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway: implications for therapy of fibrosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15909. [PMID: 21253589 PMCID: PMC3017065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) induced differentiation of human lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is a key event in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Although the typical TGFβ signaling pathway involves the Smad family of transcription factors, we have previously reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) ligands inhibit TGFβ-mediated differentiation of human lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts via a Smad-independent pathway. TGFβ also activates the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway leading to phosphorylation of AktS473. Here, we report that PPAR-γ ligands, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) and 15-deoxy-(12,14)-15d-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), inhibit human myofibroblast differentiation of normal and idiopathic pulmonary fibrotic (IPF) fibroblasts, by blocking Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 by a PPAR-γ-independent mechanism. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and a dominant-negative inactive kinase-domain mutant of Akt both inhibited TGFβ-stimulated myofibroblast differentiation, as determined by Western blotting for α-smooth muscle actin and calponin. Prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), a structural analogue of 15d-PGJ2 with an electrophilic center, also reduced TGFβ-driven phosphorylation of Akt, while CAY10410, another analogue that lacks an electrophilic center, did not; implying that the activity of 15d-PGJ2 and CDDO is dependent on their electrophilic properties. PPAR-γ ligands inhibited TGFβ-induced Akt phosphorylation via both post-translational and post-transcriptional mechanisms. This inhibition is independent of MAPK-p38 and PTEN but is dependent on TGFβ-induced phosphorylation of FAK, a kinase that acts upstream of Akt. Thus, PPAR-γ ligands inhibit TGFβ signaling by affecting two pro-survival pathways that culminate in myofibroblast differentiation. Further studies of PPAR-γ ligands and small electrophilic molecules may lead to a new generation of anti-fibrotic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit A. Kulkarni
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Thatcher
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Keith C. Olsen
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sanjay B. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bräutigam K, Biernath-Wüpping J, Bauerschlag DO, von Kaisenberg CS, Jonat W, Maass N, Arnold N, Meinhold-Heerlein I. Combined treatment with TRAIL and PPARγ ligands overcomes chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 137:875-86. [PMID: 20878528 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer accounts for the highest mortality among all gynecological cancers, mainly due to the fast developing chemoresistance. The death ligand TRAIL induces apoptosis and is able to sensitize tumor cells to cytostatic drugs without affecting physiological tissue. Combined treatment of TRAIL and the antidiabetic acting PPARγ ligands was shown to induce apoptosis synergistically in different ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS To investigate feasible TRAIL-dependent inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell lines, the drug- and TRAIL-sensitive HEY cell line was utilized to develop subclones with selective resistance against cisplatin, etoposide, docetaxel, paclitaxel, gemcitabine and pemetrexed, as well as against TRAIL as control cell line. Expression of the key factors of the TRAIL signaling pathway, TRAIL receptors 1-4, caspase-8, FLIP and XIAP, was analyzed before and after TRAIL treatment by immunoblotting. RESULTS Cell proliferation experiments showed TRAIL-dependent inhibition that was further increased by combination treatment with the PPARγ ligands. Simultaneous exposure of TRAIL and the PPARγ ligands also resulted in enhanced induction of apoptosis even in partial TRAIL-resistant HEY cell lines. In the parental HEY cell line, additional treatment with the PPARγ ligands led to an increased protein expression of DR5 and a further decline of XIAP expression. CONCLUSION Therefore, the combinational treatment with TRAIL and PPARγ ligands might be a promising experimental therapy because the PPARγ ligands, especially d15-PGJ(2), sensitize drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bräutigam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Jin JO, Song MG, Kim YN, Park JI, Kwak JY. The mechanism of fucoidan-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells: involvement of ERK1/2, JNK, glutathione, and nitric oxide. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:771-82. [PMID: 20572161 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide in brown seaweed, has various biological activities including anti-tumor activity. We investigated the effects of fucoidan on the apoptosis of human promyeloid leukemic cells and fucoidan-mediated signaling pathways. Fucoidan induced apoptosis of HL-60, NB4, and THP-1 cells, but not K562 cells. Fucoidan treatment of HL-60 cells induced activation of caspases-8, -9, and -3, the cleavage of Bid, and changed mitochondrial membrane permeability. Fucoidan-induced apoptosis, cleavage of procaspases, and changes in the mitochondrial membrane permeability were efficiently blocked by depletion of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1), and inhibitors of MAPK kinase 1 (MEK1) and c Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and JNK was increased in fucoidan-treated HL-60, NB4, and THP-1 cells, but not K562 cells. ERK1/2 activation occurred at earlier times than JNK activation and JNK activation was blocked by MEK1 inhibitor. In addition, fucoidan-induced apoptosis was inhibited by addition of glutathione and/or L-NAME, and fucoidan decreased intracellular glutathione concentrations and stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production. Buthionine-[R,S]-sulfoximine rendered HL-60 cells more sensitive to fucoidan. Depletion of MEKK1 and inhibition of MEK1 restored the intracellular glutathione content and abrogated NO production, whereas inhibition of JNK activation by SP600125 restored intracellular glutathione content but failed to inhibit NO production in fucoidan-treated HL-60 cells. These results suggest that activation of MEKK1, MEK1, ERK1/2, and JNK, depletion of glutathione, and production of NO are important mediators in fucoidan-induced apoptosis of human leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-O Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Medical Research Center for Cancer Molecular Therapy, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea
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21
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Modulation of mammary cancer cell migration by 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2): implications for anti-metastatic therapy. Biochem J 2010; 430:69-78. [PMID: 20536428 DOI: 10.1042/bj20091193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a number of steps in the progression of metastatic disease have been shown to be regulated by redox signalling. Electrophilic lipids affect redox signalling through the post-translational modification of critical cysteine residues in proteins. However, the therapeutic potential as well as the precise mechanisms of action of electrophilic lipids in cancer cells is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate the effect of the electrophilic prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 (15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2) on metastatic properties of breast cancer cells. 15d-PGJ2 was shown to decrease migration, stimulate focal-adhesion disassembly and cause extensive F-actin (filamentous actin) reorganization at low concentrations (0.03-0.3 microM). Importantly, these effects seem to be independent of PPARgamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and modification of actin or Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), which are known protein targets of 15d-PGJ2 at higher concentrations. Interestingly, the p38 inhibitor SB203580 was able to prevent both 15d-PGJ2-induced F-actin reorganization and focal-adhesion disassembly. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that electrophiles such as 15d-PGJ2 are potential anti-metastatic agents which exhibit specificity for migration and adhesion pathways at low concentrations where there are no observed effects on Keap1 or cytotoxicity.
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Simpson-Haidaris PJ, Pollock SJ, Ramon S, Guo N, Woeller CF, Feldon SE, Phipps RP. Anticancer Role of PPARgamma Agonists in Hematological Malignancies Found in the Vasculature, Marrow, and Eyes. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:814609. [PMID: 20204067 PMCID: PMC2829627 DOI: 10.1155/2010/814609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of targeted cancer therapies in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation treatment has increased overall survival of cancer patients. However, longer survival is accompanied by increased incidence of comorbidities due, in part, to drug side effects and toxicities. It is well accepted that inflammation and tumorigenesis are linked. Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists are potent mediators of anti-inflammatory responses, it was a logical extension to examine the role of PPARgamma agonists in the treatment and prevention of cancer. This paper has two objectives: first to highlight the potential uses for PPARgamma agonists in anticancer therapy with special emphasis on their role when used as adjuvant or combined therapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies found in the vasculature, marrow, and eyes, and second, to review the potential role PPARgamma and/or its ligands may have in modulating cancer-associated angiogenesis and tumor-stromal microenvironment crosstalk in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Simpson-Haidaris
- Department of Medicine/Hem-Onc Division, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - S. J. Pollock
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - S. Ramon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - N. Guo
- Department of Opthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - C. F. Woeller
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - S. E. Feldon
- Department of Opthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - R. P. Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Opthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- The Lung Biology and Disease Program, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Chautard E, Loubeau G, Tchirkov A, Chassagne J, Vermot-Desroches C, Morel L, Verrelle P. Akt signaling pathway: a target for radiosensitizing human malignant glioma. Neuro Oncol 2010; 12:434-43. [PMID: 20406894 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nop059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays a central role in the treatment of glioblastoma, but it is not curative due to the high tumor radioresistance. Phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways serve to block the apoptosis process, keeping cells alive in very toxic environments such as chemotherapy or ionizing radiation. In the present study, from a panel of 8 human malignant glioma cell lines, investigations on the relationship between intrinsic radioresistance and Akt or STAT3 basal activation were done. Secondly, the impact of down-modulation of Akt or STAT3 signaling on in vitro intrinsic radiosensitivity was evaluated. Using a clonogenic cell survival assay, our results revealed a significant correlation between the basal Akt activation and the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2). In contrast, no correlation was found between STAT3 activation and SF2. According to this, down-modulation of Akt with a specific chemical inhibitor (Akt inhibitor IV) demonstrated a significant enhancement of radiation sensitivity on glioma cells in a clonogenic survival assay. On the contrary, down-modulation of STAT3 signaling with a specific chemical inhibitor (JSI-124) or a neutralizing gp130 antibody failed to radiosensitize glioma cells. These data indicate that the Akt intercept node could be a more relevant therapeutic target than STAT3 for radiosensitizing human malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Chautard
- Centre Jean Perrin, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, EA 3846 Thérapie Ciblée Combinatoire en Onco-Hématologie, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Mitochondrial targeting of the electrophilic lipid 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 increases apoptotic efficacy via redox cell signalling mechanisms. Biochem J 2010; 426:31-41. [PMID: 19916962 DOI: 10.1042/bj20091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prototypical electrophiles such as the lipid 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) are well recognized for their therapeutic potential. Electrophiles modify signalling proteins in both the cytosol and mitochondrion, which results in diverse cellular responses, including cytoprotective effects and, at high doses, cell death. These findings led us to the hypothesis that targeting electrophiles to specific compartments in the cell could fine-tune their biological effects. To examine this, we synthesized a novel mitochondrially targeted analogue of 15d-PGJ2 (mito-15d-PGJ2) and tested its effects on redox cell signalling. Mito-15d-PGJ2 caused profound defects in mitochondrial bioenergetics and mitochondrial membrane depolarization when compared with 15d-PGJ2. We also found that mito-15d-PGJ2 modified different members of the electrophile-responsive proteome, was more potent at initiating intrinsic apoptotic cell death and was less effective than 15d-PGJ2 at up-regulating the expression of HO-1 (haem oxygenase-1) and glutathione. These results demonstrate the feasibility of modulating the biological effects of electrophiles by targeting the pharmacophore to mitochondria.
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Shin SW, Seo CY, Han H, Han JY, Jeong JS, Kwak JY, Park JI. 15d-PGJ2 induces apoptosis by reactive oxygen species-mediated inactivation of Akt in leukemia and colorectal cancer cells and shows in vivo antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:5414-25. [PMID: 19690198 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have shown that 15-deoxy-Delta(12, 14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), a natural ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. The specific molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be elucidated. We examined whether 15d-PGJ(2) has antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, and investigated the underlying mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined 15d-PGJ(2)-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells in the context of mitochondrial injury, oxidative damage, and signaling pathway disturbances. In addition, we investigated the antitumor effect of 15d-PGJ(2) in a mouse CT-26 s.c. tumor model and HL-60 leukemia xenograft model. RESULTS 15d-PGJ(2) induced apoptosis in leukemia and colorectal cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and led to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through mitochondria and NADPH oxidase activation, activation of JNK, and inactivation of Akt, a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase. Constitutive activation of Akt for an engineered myristoylated protein prevented 15d-PGJ(2)-mediated apoptosis but not ROS generation. Collectively, these findings suggest a hierarchical model of apoptosis induced by 15d-PGJ(2) in human leukemia cells: oxidative injury represents a primary event resulting in Akt inactivation, which in turn leads to mitochondrial injury and apoptosis. Moreover, 15d-PGJ(2) markedly reduced growth of mouse CT-26 s.c. tumors and HL-60 xenograft tumors and down-regulated p-Akt and Akt expression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Akt inactivation through ROS production may contribute to 15d-PGJ(2)-induced apoptosis in leukemia and colorectal cancer cell lines and that 15d-PGJ(2) may have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of human leukemia and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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Differential effects of triterpene glycosides, frondoside A and cucumarioside A2-2 isolated from sea cucumbers on caspase activation and apoptosis of human leukemia cells. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:697-702. [PMID: 19162021 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Frondoside A is a pentaoside having an acetyl moiety at the aglycon ring and xylose as a third monosaccharide residue. Cucumarioside A(2)-2 is a pentaoside having glucose as a third monosaccahride unit. We compared the effects of frondoside A and A(2)-2 for cell death-inducing capability with close attention paid to structure-activity relationships. Both frondoside A and A(2)-2 strongly induced apoptosis of leukemic cells. Frondoside A-induced apoptosis was more potent and rapid than A(2)-2-induced apoptosis. A(2)-2-induced but not frondoside A-induced apoptosis was caspase-dependent. This suggests that holothurians may induce apoptosis of leukemic cells caspase-dependently or -independently, depending on the holothurian structure.
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Abstract
Triggering of tumour cell apoptosis is the foundation of many cancer therapies. Death receptors of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily have been largely characterized, as have the signals that are generated when these receptors are activated. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors (TRAILR1 and TRAILR2) are promising targets for cancer therapy. Herein we review what is known about the molecular control of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, the role of TRAIL in carcinogenesis and the potential therapeutic utility of recombinant TRAIL and agonistic antibodies against TRAILR1 and TRAILR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky W Johnstone
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
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Beurel E, Blivet-Van Eggelpoël MJ, Kornprobst M, Moritz S, Delelo R, Paye F, Housset C, Desbois-Mouthon C. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors augment TRAIL-induced apoptotic death in human hepatoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 77:54-65. [PMID: 18938143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) displays a striking resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Therefore, the characterization of pharmacological agents that overcome this resistance may provide new therapeutic modalities for HCC. Here, we examined whether glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors could restore TRAIL sensitivity in hepatoma cells. To this aim, the effects of two GSK-3 inhibitors, lithium and SB-415286, were analyzed on TRAIL apoptotic signaling in human hepatoma cell lines in comparison with normal hepatocytes. We observed that both inhibitors sensitized hepatoma cells, but not normal hepatocytes, to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by enhancing caspase-8 activity and the downstream recruitment of the mitochondrial machinery. GSK-3 inhibitors also stabilized p53 and the down-regulation of p53 by RNA interference abolished the sensitizing effect of lithium on caspase-3 activation. Concomitantly, GSK-3 inhibitors strongly activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). The pharmacological inhibition of JNKs with AS601245 or SP600125 resulted in an earlier and stronger induction of apoptosis indicating that activated JNKs transduced protective signals and provided an anti-apoptotic balance to the pro-apoptotic effects of GSK-3 inhibitors. These findings demonstrate that GSK-3 exerts a negative and complex constraint on TRAIL apoptotic signaling in hepatoma cells, which can be greatly alleviated by GSK-3 inhibitors. Therefore, GSK-3 inhibitors may open new perspectives to enhance the anti-tumor activity of TRAIL in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Beurel
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 893, F-75005, INSERM, UMR_S 893, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
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Oxidized glycerophosphocholines as biologically active mediators for ultraviolet radiation-mediated effects. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2008; 87:1-8. [PMID: 18555720 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light radiation (UVR) has profound effects upon human skin. Yet, the exact targets for UVR are unclear. Inasmuch as UVR is a known pro-oxidative stressor, one potential target for UVR could be oxidatively modified glycerophosphocholines (GPC). Importantly, recent studies demonstrate that these oxidized GPCs (ox-GPC) are potent agonists for the platelet-activating factor receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. This review discusses these new biologically active lipids and their down-stream receptor targets that provide a unique system of biosensors for detecting and responding to UVR photo-oxidation.
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