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Klaassen AL, Michel C, Stüble M, Kaess M, Morishima Y, Kindler J. Reduced anterior callosal white matter in risk for psychosis associated with processing speed as a fundamental cognitive impairment. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:211-219. [PMID: 38157681 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research in psychotic disorders discovered associations between reduced integrity of white matter (WM) in the corpus callosum (CC) and impaired cognitive functions, suggesting processing speed as a central construct. However, it is still largely unexplored to what extent disruption in callosal WM is related to cognitive deficits during the risk stage prior to psychosis. METHODS To address this gap, we measured the WM integrity in CC by fractional anisotropy (FA) and assessed cognition in 60 clinical-high risk for psychosis (CHR) patients during adolescence/young adulthood and 38 healthy control (HC) subjects. We employed tract based spatial statistics to examine group differences and associations between CC-FA and processing speed, executive function, and spatial working memory. RESULTS We revealed deficits in processing speed, executive function, and spatial working memory of CHR patients, and reductions in FA of the genu and the body of the CC (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons) compared to HC. A mediation analysis using the combined sample (CHR + HC) showed that processing speed mediates the associations between the impaired CC structure and executive function and spatial working memory, respectively. Exploratory analyses between CC-FA and the cognitive domains located associations of processing speed in the genu and the body of CC with distinct spatial distributions of executive function and spatial working memory. CONCLUSION We suggest processing speed as a subordinate cognitive factor contributing to the associations between callosal WM, executive function and working memory. These results extend findings in psychotic disorders to the prior risk stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt-Lukas Klaassen
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Stüble
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yosuke Morishima
- University Hospital of Psychiatry Bern, Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Di Biase MA, Cetin-Karayumak S, Lyall AE, Zalesky A, Cho KIK, Zhang F, Kubicki M, Rathi Y, Lyons MG, Bouix S, Billah T, Anticevic A, Schleifer C, Adkinson BD, Ji JL, Tamayo Z, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cornblatt BA, Keshavan MS, Mathalon DH, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Cadenhead KS, Tsuang MT, Woods SW, Stone WS, Shenton ME, Cannon TD, Pasternak O. White matter changes in psychosis risk relate to development and are not impacted by the transition to psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6833-6844. [PMID: 34024906 PMCID: PMC8611104 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Subtle alterations in white matter microstructure are observed in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. However, the timing of these changes and their relationships to the emergence of psychosis remain unclear. Here, we track the evolution of white matter abnormalities in a large, longitudinal cohort of CHR individuals comprising the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-3). Multi-shell diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were collected across multiple timepoints (1-5 over 1 year) in 286 subjects (aged 12-32 years): 25 CHR individuals who transitioned to psychosis (CHR-P; 61 scans), 205 CHR subjects with unknown transition outcome after the 1-year follow-up period (CHR-U; 596 scans), and 56 healthy controls (195 scans). Linear mixed effects models were fitted to infer the impact of age and illness-onset on variation in the fractional anisotropy of cellular tissue (FAT) and the volume fraction of extracellular free water (FW). Baseline measures of white matter microstructure did not differentiate between HC, CHR-U and CHR-P individuals. However, age trajectories differed between the three groups in line with a developmental effect: CHR-P and CHR-U groups displayed higher FAT in adolescence, and 4% lower FAT by 30 years of age compared to controls. Furthermore, older CHR-P subjects (20+ years) displayed 4% higher FW in the forceps major (p < 0.05). Prospective analysis in CHR-P did not reveal a significant impact of illness onset on regional FAT or FW, suggesting that transition to psychosis is not marked by dramatic change in white matter microstructure. Instead, clinical high risk for psychosis-regardless of transition outcome-is characterized by subtle age-related white matter changes that occur in tandem with development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Di Biase
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.
| | - Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda E Lyall
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Kang Ik Kevin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica G Lyons
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tashrif Billah
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Brendan D Adkinson
- Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jie Lisa Ji
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zailyn Tamayo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Cornblatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas H McGlashan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William S Stone
- Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang Y, Wei Y, Edmiston EK, Womer FY, Zhang X, Duan J, Zhu Y, Zhang R, Yin Z, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Wei S, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Wang F. Altered structural connectivity and cytokine levels in Schizophrenia and Genetic high-risk individuals: Associations with disease states and vulnerability. Schizophr Res 2020; 223:158-165. [PMID: 32684357 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations of white matter (WM) integrity have been observed in both schizophrenia (SZ) and individuals at genetic high risk for SZ (GHR-SZ); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying WM disruption remain unclear. Cytokines are chemical messengers of the immune system that are closely related to inflammation and neurogenesis in the brain. This study aimed to identify abnormalities in WM integrity, cytokine levels, and their association in SZ and GHR-SZ. METHODS A total of 355 participants (126 with SZ, 99 GHR-SZ, and 130 healthy controls [HCs]) were recruited. All participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging and blood samples were obtained from 113 participants within 24 h of imaging. RESULTS In SZ, there was decreased fractional anisotropy(FA) in the genu and body of the corpus callosum (GCC/BCC), anterior corona radiata, anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule (ALIC/PLIC), superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, external capsule, and fornix, and elevated IL-6 levels. In both SZ and GHR-SZ, decreased FA in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC), posterior corona radiate (PCR), and posterior thalamic radiation (PTR) was observed, and elevated leptin levels were present. Additionally, the IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with FA in the GCC and ALIC in SZ, and leptin levels were negatively correlated with the SCC, PCR, and PTR in SZ and GHR-SZ. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal WM integrity in SZ may reflect the state of disease and is associated with increased IL-6 levels. In addition, these leptin-associated WM integrity abnormalities in both SZ and GHR-SZ may reflect a genetic vulnerability to SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yange Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - E Kale Edmiston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA
| | - Fay Y Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jia Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhiyang Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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