1
|
Poudel A, Adhikari P, Adhikari P, Choi SH, Yun JY, Lee YH, Hong SH. Predicting the Invasion Risk of the Highly Invasive Acacia mearnsii in Asia under Global Climate Change. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2846. [PMID: 39458793 PMCID: PMC11510992 DOI: 10.3390/plants13202846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Acacia mearnsii, among the 100 worst invasive weeds worldwide, negatively impacts native biodiversity, agriculture, and natural ecosystems. Global climate change, characterized by rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, enhances the risk of A. mearnsii invasion in Asia, making it crucial to identify high-risk areas for effective management. This study performed species distribution modeling using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm to predict the potential introduction and spread of A. mearnsii under various climate scenarios based on shared socio-economic pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Currently, only 4.35% of Asia is invaded, with a high invasion risk identified in six countries, including Bhutan, Lebanon, and Taiwan, where more than 75% of their areas are threatened. Under future climate scenarios, 21 countries face invasion risk, among which 14 countries, such as Georgia, Laos, Republic of Korea, and Turkey, are at moderate to very high risk, potentially encompassing up to 87.89% of their territories. Conversely, Northern Asian countries exhibit minimal changes in invasion risk and are considered relatively safe from invasion. These findings underscore that climate change will exacerbate invasion risks across Asia, emphasizing the urgent need for robust management strategies, including stringent quarantine measures and control efforts, to mitigate the threat of A. mearnsii expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Poudel
- Department of Plant Resources and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (P.A.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Pradeep Adhikari
- Institute of Humanities and Ecology Consensus Resilience Lab, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea;
| | - Prabhat Adhikari
- Department of Plant Resources and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (P.A.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Sue Hyuen Choi
- Department of Plant Resources and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (P.A.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Ji Yeon Yun
- Department of Plant Resources and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (P.A.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Yong Ho Lee
- Institute of Humanities and Ecology Consensus Resilience Lab, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea;
- OJeong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hong
- Department of Plant Resources and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea; (A.P.); (P.A.); (J.Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kharivha T, Ruwanza S, Thondhlana G. Effects of Elevated Temperature and High and Low Rainfall on the Germination and Growth of the Invasive Alien Plant Acacia mearnsii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2633. [PMID: 36235501 PMCID: PMC9571736 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change on the germination and growth of invasive alien plants varies depending on the plant species and invasion process. We experimentally assessed the responses of the invasive alien plant Acacia mearnsii to future climate change scenarios-namely, elevated temperature as well as high and low rainfall. Acacia mearnsii was grown at an elevated air temperature (+2 °C), high rainfall (6 mm per day), and low rainfall (1.5 mm per day), and its germination and growth performance were measured over five months. We further examined changes in soil nutrients to assess if the above-mentioned climate change scenarios affected soils. Both elevated temperature and high rainfall did not influence A. mearnsii germination and seedling growth. In contrast, we observed reductions in A. mearnsii germination and growth in the low rainfall treatment, an indication that future drought conditions might negatively affect A. mearnsii invasion. We noted that elevated temperature and rainfall resulted in varied effects on soil properties (particularly soil C, N, Ca, and Mg content). We conclude that both elevated temperature and high rainfall may not enhance A. mearnsii invasion through altering germination and growth, but a decrease in A. mearnsii invasiveness is possible under low rainfall conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tshililo Kharivha
- Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Science and Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Sheunesu Ruwanza
- Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Science and Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Gladman Thondhlana
- Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seed Germination Ecophysiology of Acacia dealbata Link and Acacia mearnsii De Wild.: Two Invasive Species in the Mediterranean Basin. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Acacia dealbata and A. mearnsii are two invasive species found in coastal, mountain, and riparian Mediterranean habitats. Seed biology and germination traits are important drivers of the competitive performance of plants and may significantly contribute to biological invasions. The seeds of Acacia s.l. have physical dormancy due to an impermeable epidermal layer. The aim of this study was to assess the germination capacity of scarified and non-scarified seeds of A. dealbata and A. mearnsii from different areas of the Mediterranean Basin. To test the seed imbibition capacity, the increase in mass was evaluated. Non-scarified seeds were tested at 15, 20, and 25 °C in light conditions. Scarified seeds were tested at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C and 25/10 °C in light and dark conditions. Scarified seeds increased in mass more than non-scarified seeds. Both species showed a higher germination capacity at 25 °C in non-scarified seeds; A. dealbata reached a germination maximum of 55%, while A. mearnsii reached 40%, showing a difference among these populations. Scarified seeds of both species reached germination percentages >95% at all temperatures except at 5 °C in dark conditions. Scarification was necessary to break dormancy and promote germination. The present study provides new knowledge about the seed ecology and germinative behaviour of the two Acacia species under different pre-treatment, temperature, and photoperiod regimes, contributing to the understanding of their invasive behaviour.
Collapse
|
4
|
Díaz-Barradas MC, Gallego-Fernández JB, Zunzunegui M. Plant response to water stress of native and non-native Oenothera drummondii populations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:219-228. [PMID: 32563045 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants can spread over climatically diverse areas. We explore the effects of drought on gas exchange and water relations on the invasive dune species Oenothera drummondii, using plants from four populations with different rainfall and temperatures regimes. Plant material was obtained germinating plants from one native and three non-native populations in a greenhouse. Drought stress was induced by withholding water. Responses to drought stressed plants were then compared to well-watered controls. Measurements of gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf traits were taken initially and every 10 days after water was withheld, until day 36 when plants were re-watered and recover capacity was measured. The effect of water stress was more evident in Fv/Fm and gas exchange variables. The results suggest that this species possess a mechanism of thermal dissipation of energy. Leaf relative water content was significant lower in drought stressed than control plants. At the end of withholding water period, stressed plants are separated from control plants along the axis I of the ordination analysis evidencing differences in functional traits. All plants recovered well after re-watering. Our results provide evidence for permanent differences in morphological traits and functional responses to drought stress among native and invasive populations of O. drummondii. Although we have only studied four populations, these results may provide evidence for the role of plasticity in contributing to the invasion success of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Díaz-Barradas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - J B Gallego-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Zunzunegui
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Microbial Communities in the Fynbos Region of South Africa: What Happens during Woody Alien Plant Invasions. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12060254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is globally known for its plant biodiversity, and its flora is commonly referred to as fynbos. At the same time, this area is under severe pressure from urbanization, agricultural expansion and the threat of invasive alien plants. Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pinus are the common invasive alien plants found across the biome and considerable time, effort and resources are put into the removal of invasive alien plants and the rehabilitation of native vegetation. Several studies have shown that invasion not only affects the composition of plant species, but also has a profound effect on the soil chemistry and microbial populations. Over the last few years, a number of studies have shown that the microbial populations of the CFR are unique to the area, and harbour many endemic species. The extent of the role they play in the invasion process is, however, still unclear. This review aims to provide an insight into the current knowledge on the different microbial populations from this system, and speculate what their role might be during invasion. More importantly, it places a spotlight on the lack of information about this process.
Collapse
|
6
|
Solins JP, Cadenasso ML. Urban channel incision and stream flow subsidies have contrasting effects on the water status of riparian trees. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-00926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Petruzzellis F, Nardini A, Savi T, Tonet V, Castello M, Bacaro G. Less safety for more efficiency: water relations and hydraulics of the invasive tree Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle compared with native Fraxinus ornus L. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:76-87. [PMID: 29982793 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Invasion of natural habitats by alien trees is a threat to forest conservation. Our understanding of fundamental ecophysiological mechanisms promoting plant invasions is still limited, and hydraulic and water relation traits have been only seldom included in studies comparing native and invasive trees. We compared several leaf and wood functional and mechanistic traits in co-occurring Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Aa) and Fraxinus ornus L. (Fo). Aa is one of the most invasive woody species in Europe and North America, currently outcompeting several native trees including Fo. We aimed at quantifying inter-specific differences in terms of: (i) performance in resource use and acquisition; (ii) hydraulic efficiency and safety; (iii) carbon costs associated to leaf and wood construction; and (iv) plasticity of functional and mechanistic traits in response to light availability. Traits related to leaf and wood construction and drought resistance significantly differed between the two species. Fo sustained higher structural costs than Aa, but was more resistant to drought. The lower resistance to drought stress of Aa was counterbalanced by higher water transport efficiency, but possibly required mechanisms of resilience to drought-induced hydraulic damage. Larger phenotypic plasticity of Aa in response to light availability could also promote the invasive potential of the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petruzzellis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tadeja Savi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, Italy
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Tonet
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miris Castello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bacaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The effects of changes in water and nitrogen availability on alien plant invasion into a stand of a native grassland species. Oecologia 2018; 188:441-450. [PMID: 29974246 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant invasions are a major component of global change, but they may be affected by other global change components. Here we used a mesocosm-pot experiment to test whether high water availability, nitrogen (N) enrichment and their interaction promote performance of three invasive alien plants (Lepidium virginicum, Lolium perenne and Medicago sativa) when competing with a native Chinese grassland species (Agropyron cristatum). Single plants of the three invasive and the one native species were grown in the center of pots with a matrix of the native A. cristatum under low, intermediate or high water availability and low or high N availability. The invasive species L. virginicum and M. sativa grew larger, and produced a higher biomass relative to competitors than the native species A. cristatum did. Increasing water availability promoted biomass production of all species, but water availability did not change the biomass of the central plants relative to that of the competitors. Nitrogen addition also increased biomass production of all species, and it increased the biomass of the central plants more so than that of the competitors. The positive effect of N addition on the biomass of the central plants relative to that of the competitors increased with increasing water availability. However, compared to central plants of the native species, the positive effect of N addition on the relative biomass of L. virginicum decreased when water availability increased. These interactions indicate that future changes in water availability and N enrichment may affect the invasion success of different alien species differently.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ou X, Liu M, Yang M, Song D, Zhang Z. Invasive Acacia mearnsii De Wilde in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China: a new biogeographic distribution that Threatens Airport Safety. NEOBIOTA 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.29.7230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Morais MC, Freitas H. The acclimation potential of Acacia longifolia to water stress: implications for invasiveness. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 196:77-84. [PMID: 23017901 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability of an invasive species to establish and spread to new areas may depend on its ability to tolerate a broad range of environmental conditions. Due to climate change, increasing occurrences of extreme events such as droughts are expected in the Mediterranean region and invasive species may expand if they cope with water stress. Limited information is available on the responses of Acacia longifolia, one of the most aggressive plant species in Portuguese coastal sand dune ecosystems, to prolonged water stress. In this study, we exposed A. longifolia plants from two distinct populations, one from the wet (northern) and another from the dry (southern) climate regions of Portugal, to drought conditions, and monitored morphological, physiological and biochemical responses. One-month-old seedlings were submitted to three different water treatments which involved watering twice a week, every 7 days and every 10 days, respectively, for three months, under controlled conditions. Overall, the progressive drought stress significantly affected most of the growth parameters considered, except the root:shoot ratio. Water stress also increased the uptake of ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺) and N concentration. On the contrary, the C/N ratio decreased under water stress conditions. Isotopic analysis did not reveal significant differences in δ¹³C with water treatments but the same pattern was not observed in δ¹⁵N values. Compared with the wet climate population, the dry climate population showed somewhat differing responses to water stress, indicating a genetic difference between populations. These results provide insights into limitations and opportunities for establishment of A. longifolia in a drought-prone scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Morais
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | |
Collapse
|