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Lau JA, Funk JL. How ecological and evolutionary theory expanded the 'ideal weed' concept. Oecologia 2023; 203:251-266. [PMID: 37340279 PMCID: PMC10684629 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Since Baker's attempt to characterize the 'ideal weed' over 50 years ago, ecologists have sought to identify features of species that predict invasiveness. Several of Baker's 'ideal weed' traits are well studied, and we now understand that many traits can facilitate different components of the invasion process, such as dispersal traits promoting transport or selfing enabling establishment. However, the effects of traits on invasion are context dependent. The traits promoting invasion in one community or at one invasion stage may inhibit invasion of other communities or success at other invasion stages, and the benefits of any given trait may depend on the other traits possessed by the species. Furthermore, variation in traits among populations or species is the result of evolution. Accordingly, evolution both prior to and after invasion may determine invasion outcomes. Here, we review how our understanding of the ecology and evolution of traits in invasive plants has developed since Baker's original efforts, resulting from empirical studies and the emergence of new frameworks and ideas such as community assembly theory, functional ecology, and rapid adaptation. Looking forward, we consider how trait-based approaches might inform our understanding of less-explored aspects of invasion biology ranging from invasive species responses to climate change to coevolution of invaded communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Lau
- Department of Biology and the Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jennifer L Funk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Tesfay YB, Blaschke A, Ashley N, Portillo L, Scalisi A, Adli B, Kreyling J. Increased Plasticity in Invasive Populations of a Globally Invasive Cactus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3287. [PMID: 37765451 PMCID: PMC10536680 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions pose global threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Invasive species often display a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, enabling them to adapt to new environments. This study examines plasticity to water stress in native and invasive Opuntia ficus-indica populations, a prevalent invader in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Through controlled greenhouse experiments, we evaluated three native and nine invasive populations. While all plants survived the dry treatment, natives exhibited lower plasticity to high water availability with only a 36% aboveground biomass increase compared to the invasives with a greater increase of 94%. In terms of belowground biomass, there was no significant response to increased water availability for native populations, but plants from the invasive populations showed a 75% increase from the dry to the wet treatment. Enhanced phenotypic plasticity observed in invasive populations of O. ficus-indica is likely a significant driver of their success and invasiveness across different regions, particularly with a clear environmental preference towards less arid conditions. Climate change is expected to amplify the invasion success due to the expansion of arid areas and desertification. Opuntia ficus-indica adapts to diverse environments, survives dry spells, and grows rapidly in times of high-water supply, making it a candidate for increased invasion potential with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes B. Tesfay
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annika Blaschke
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nathan Ashley
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Liberato Portillo
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
| | - Alessio Scalisi
- Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, Agriculture, Agriculture Victoria Research, Tatura, VIC 3616, Australia
| | - Benziane Adli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Djelfa 17000, Algeria
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Chiquillo KL, Barber PH, Vasquez MI, Cruz‐Rivera E, Willette DA, Winters G, Fong P. An invasive seagrass drives its own success in two invaded seas by both negatively affecting native seagrasses and benefiting from those costs. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelcie L. Chiquillo
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Paul H. Barber
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Marlen I. Vasquez
- Dept of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus Univ. of Technology Limassol Cyprus
| | - Edwin Cruz‐Rivera
- Dept of Biology and Bioenvironmental Science Program, Morgan State Univ. Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Gidon Winters
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada National Park Masada Israel
- Eilat Campus, Ben‐Gurion Univ. of the Negev Eilat Israel
| | - Peggy Fong
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
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Liu Y, Zheng Y, Jahn LV, Burns JH. Invaders responded more positively to soil biota than native or noninvasive introduced species, consistent with enemy escape. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Impacts of invasive annual grasses and their litter vary by native functional strategy. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInvasive species may act as a functional filter on native communities by differentially affecting species with different trait values. Across environments, invasive plants typically display traits associated with high resource acquisition and fast growth. Conversely, native plants, especially those in water-limited environments, tend to adopt one of two functional strategies: fast growth during high resource availability to avoid stress (resource-acquisitive), or slow growth during resource-poor conditions to tolerate stress (resource-conservative). While invasive competition can be a strong filter on these groups, many invaders also alter the structure of native communities through their accumulation of litter. How fast-growing invaders with litter shift native functional communities remains unknown. To elucidate these functional shifts, I manipulated invasive annual grasses and their litter in an annual grassland and followed the demographic rates of six native annual forb species that varied in their functional strategy. Live grass competition alone decreased per capita growth rates of resource-acquisitive natives and had no effect on resource-conservative natives. The presence of litter, however, decreased growth rates in both functional types of natives, with stronger declines in resource-acquisitive species through differential effects on seed set and germination. Invaders in this system thus create an unfavorable environment for natives through litter, limiting the capacity of both resource-acquisitive and resource-conservative native forbs to maintain high population growth. These findings suggest that grass invasions have the potential to dramatically shift the functional composition of native communities through the time-lagged effects of their litter.
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Alharthi AS, Abd-ElGawad AM, Assaeed AM. Influence of the invasive shrub Nicotiana glauca Graham on the plant seed bank in various locations in Taif region, western of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:360-370. [PMID: 33424318 PMCID: PMC7785435 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species have been considered as one of the most serious threats to the biodiversity of various ecosystems, particularly in arid regions. The present study aimed to assess the influence of the invasive shrub Nicotiana glauca on the biodiversity of different habitats in Taif region, Saudi Arabia as well as to determine the highest habitat with seed bank of N. glauca. Soil samples were collected from three locations (Alwaht, Ash-shafa, and Ar Ruddaf), invaded with N. glauca, and analyzed for the soil seed bank. A soil seed experiment was designed in a greenhouse, whereby emerged plant seedlings were left to grow for three months and identified as well as the species density and biodiversity were assessed under and outside the canopy of N. glauca. Also, the floristic composition, life forms, and chorotype spectra of the plant species of the seed bank were analyzed. A total of 42 species, belonging to 23 families, were recorded in the soil seed bank. Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae were the major families (42.9%). The life form spectra of the recorded species were dominated by Therophytes (59.5%). Chorotype spectra analysis revealed that Mediterranean, Saharo-Arabian, and Irano-Turanian were the most represented elements. The species richness and evenness were higher outside the canopy, which indicates a negative effect of the invasive shrub N. glauca on the plant biodiversity in the study area, particularly in Ar Ruddaf location. This could be attributed to the competition or allelopathic effect of N. glauca. In contrast, the density of N. glauca seeds was higher under the canopy compared to outside. The soil nutrients and moisture under the canopy were higher than outside canopy. The present study provides a deeper understanding of the most susceptible habitats or communities to the invasion by N. glauca and thereby open the challenge toward control of this noxious plant and vegetation restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Alharthi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz M. Assaeed
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Veselkin DV, Kuyantseva NB, Chashchina OE, Mumber AG, Zamshina GA, Molchanova DA. Levels of Leaf Damage by Phyllophages in Invasive Acer negundo and Native Betula pendula and Salix caprea. RUSS J ECOL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413619060134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Guido A, Hoss D, Pillar VD. Competitive effects and responses of the invasive grass Eragrostis plana
in Río de la Plata grasslands. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaclara Guido
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Laboratory of Quantitative Ecology; Department of Ecology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria; INIA Treinta y Tres; Ruta 8, Km 282 Treinta y Tres Uruguay
| | - Daniela Hoss
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Laboratory of Quantitative Ecology; Department of Ecology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Valério D. Pillar
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Laboratory of Quantitative Ecology; Department of Ecology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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