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Konjalwar S, Ceyhan B, Rivera O, Nategh P, Neghabi M, Pavlovic M, Allani S, Ranji M. Demonstrating drug treatment efficacies by monitoring superoxide dynamics in human lung cancer cells with time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300331. [PMID: 37822188 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Metformin hydrochloride, an antihyperglycemic agent, and sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, are FDA-approved drugs known to exert anticancer effects. Previous studies demonstrated sulindac and metformin's anticancer properties through mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I and key signaling pathways. In this study, various drugs were administered to A549 lung cancer cells, and results revealed that a combination of sulindac and metformin enhanced cell death compared to the administration of the drugs separately. To measure superoxide production over time, we employed a time-lapse fluorescence imaging technique using mitochondrial-targeted hydroethidine. Fluorescence microscopy data showed the most significant increases in superoxide production in the combination treatment of metformin and sulindac. Results showed significant differences between the combined drug treatment and control groups and between the positive control and control groups. This approach can be utilized to quantify the anticancer efficacy of drugs, creating possibilities for additional therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka Konjalwar
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Busenur Ceyhan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Oscar Rivera
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Parisa Nategh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Mehrnoosh Neghabi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Mirjana Pavlovic
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Shailaja Allani
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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2
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Chen Y, Bai B, Ye S, Gao X, Zheng X, Ying K, Pan H, Xie B. Genetic effect of metformin use on risk of cancers: evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:252. [PMID: 38057926 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing number of studies reported the positive effect of metformin on the prevention and treatment of cancers. However, the genetic causal effect of metformin utilization on the risk of common cancers was not completely demonstrated. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian Randomization (two-sample MR) analysis was conducted to uncover the genetically predicted causal association between metformin use and 26 kinds of cancers. Besides, two-step Mendelian Randomization (two-step MR) assessment was applied to clarify the mediators which mediated the causal effect of metformin on certain cancer. We utilized five robust analytical methods, in which the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method served as the major one. Sensitivity, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity were assessed. The genetic statistics of exposure, outcomes, and mediators were downloaded from publicly available datasets, including the Open Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS), FinnGen consortium (FinnGen), and UK Biobank (UKB). RESULTS Among 26 kinds of common cancers, HER-positive breast cancer was presented with a significant causal relationship with metformin use [Beta: - 4.0982; OR: 0.0166 (95% CI: 0.0008, 0.3376); P value: 0.0077], which indicated metformin could prevent people from HER-positive breast cancer. Other cancers only showed modest associations with metformin use. Potential mediators were included in two-step MR, among which total testosterone levels (mediating effect: 24.52%) displayed significant mediating roles. Leave-one-out, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO analyses produced consistent outcomes. CONCLUSION Metformin use exhibited a genetically protective effect on HER-positive breast cancer, which was partially mediated by total testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3# East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjun Bai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuchang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinnan Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkang Ying
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3# East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3# East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3# East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Huang A, Ni Q, Zeng C. Phenylbutyrate and Dichloroacetate Enhance the Liquid-Stored Boar Sperm Quality via PDK1 and PDK3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17091. [PMID: 38069413 PMCID: PMC10707026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) with liquid-stored semen is the most prevalent and efficient assisted reproduction technique in the modern pork industry. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X (PDHX) was demonstrated to be associated with sperm metabolism and affected the boar sperm viability, motility, and fertility. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases (PDKs) are the key metabolic enzymes that regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity and also the conversion from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In the present study, two PDK inhibitors, Dichloroacetate (DCA) and Phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), were added to an extender and investigated to determine their regulatory roles in liquid-stored boar sperm at 17 °C. The results indicated that PDK1 and PDK3 were predominantly located at the head and flagella of the boar sperm. The addition of 2 mM DCA and 0.5 mM 4-PBA significantly enhanced the sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP content. In addition, DCA and 4-PBA exerted their effects by inhibiting PDK1 and PDK3, respectively. In conclusion, DCA and 4-PBA were found to regulate the boar sperm metabolic activities via PDK1 and PDK3. These both can improve the quality parameters of liquid-stored boar sperm, which will help to improve and optimize liquid-stored boar semen after their addition in the extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China;
| | - Qingyong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Changjun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
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4
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Rainone P, Valtorta S, Villa C, Todde S, Cadamuro M, Bertoli G, Conconi D, Lavitrano M, Moresco RM. Evaluating [ 18F]FDG and [ 18F]FLT Radiotracers as Biomarkers of Response for Combined Therapy Outcome in Triple-Negative and Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14124. [PMID: 37762429 PMCID: PMC10532149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer and the second leading cause of death in women. A typical feature of BC cells is the metabolic shift toward increased glycolysis, which has become an interesting therapeutic target for metabolic drugs such as metformin (MET). Recently, the administration of the antihypertensive syrosingopine (SYRO) in combination with MET has shown a synergistic effect toward a variety of cancers. However, a fundamental need remains, which is the development of in vivo biomarkers that are able to detect early clinical response. In this study, we exploited a triple-negative murine BC cell line (4T1) and a metastatic ER+ murine BC cell line (TS/A) in order to investigate, in vivo, the early response to treatment, based on MET and/or SYRO administration, evaluating [18F]FDG and [18F]FLT as potential biomarkers via PET/CT. The study provides evidence that SYRO plus MET has a synergistic effect on tumor growth inhibition in both 4T1 and TS/A experimental models and has showed the highest efficacy on the TNBC xenograft mice (4T1) via the expression reduction in the lactate transporter MCT4 and in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarker Snail, promoting its potential application in therapy settings. In addition, the selective reduction in the [18F]FLT tumor uptake (at 7 dd), observed in the SYRO plus MET treated mice in comparison with the vehicle group, suggests that this radiotracer could be potentially used as a biomarker for the early detection of therapy response, in both evaluated xenografts models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rainone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
- NBFC National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Sergio Todde
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
- Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cadamuro
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- General Internal Medicine Unit, Padua University-Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
- NBFC National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Conconi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
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Zhuang Y, Haugrud AB, Schaefer MA, Messerli SM, Miskimins WK. Ability of metformin to deplete NAD+ contributes to cancer cell susceptibility to metformin cytotoxicity and is dependent on NAMPT expression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1225220. [PMID: 37583931 PMCID: PMC10424729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1225220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is vital for not only energy metabolism but also signaling pathways. A major source of NAD+ depletion is the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in response to DNA damage. We have previously demonstrated that metformin can cause both caspase-dependent cell death and PARP-dependent cell death in the MCF7 breast cancer cells but not in the MDA-MB-231 (231) breast cancer cells while in high-glucose media. We hypothesize that depletion of NAD+ in MCF7 cells via activation of PARP contributes to the cell death caused by metformin. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a key rate-limiting step in converting nicotinamide (vitamin B3) into NAD+, is essential for regenerating NAD+ for normal cellular processes. Evidence shows that overexpression of NAMPT is associated with tumorigenesis. We hypothesize that NAMPT expression may determine the extent to which cancer cells are sensitive to metformin. Results In this study, we found that metformin significantly decreases NAD+ levels over time, and that this could be delayed by PARP inhibitors. Pretreatment with NAD+ in MCF7 cells also prevents cell death and the enlargement of mitochondria and protects mitochondria from losing membrane potential caused by metformin. This leads to MCF7 cell resistance to metformin cytotoxicity in a manner similar to 231 cells. By studying the differences in NAD+ regulation in these two breast cancer cell lines, we demonstrate that NAMPT is expressed at higher levels in 231 cells than in MCF7 cells. When NAMPT is genetically repressed in 231 cells, they become much more sensitive to metformin-induced cell death. Conversely, overexpressing NAMPT in HEK-293 (293) cells causes the cells to be more resistant to metformin's growth inhibitory effects. The addition of a NAMPT activator also decreased the sensitivity of MCF7 cells to metformin, while the NAMPT activator, P7C3, protects against metformin-induced cytotoxicity. Conclusions Depletion of cellular NAD+ is a key aspect of sensitivity of cancer cells to the cytotoxic effects of metformin. NAMPT plays a key role in maintaining sufficient levels of NAD+, and cells that express elevated levels of NAMPT are resistant to killing by metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Zhuang
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Allison B. Haugrud
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Meg A. Schaefer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Sanford Program for Undergraduate Research (SPUR) Program, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Shanta M. Messerli
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - W. Keith Miskimins
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
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Singh S, De Carlo F, Ibrahim MA, Penfornis P, Mouton AJ, Tripathi SK, Agarwal AK, Eastham L, Pasco DS, Balachandran P, Claudio PP. The Oligostilbene Gnetin H Is a Novel Glycolysis Inhibitor That Regulates Thioredoxin Interacting Protein Expression and Synergizes with OXPHOS Inhibitor in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097741. [PMID: 37175448 PMCID: PMC10178141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since aerobic glycolysis was first observed in tumors almost a century ago by Otto Warburg, the field of cancer cell metabolism has sparked the interest of scientists around the world as it might offer new avenues of treatment for malignant cells. Our current study claims the discovery of gnetin H (GH) as a novel glycolysis inhibitor that can decrease metabolic activity and lactic acid synthesis and displays a strong cytostatic effect in melanoma and glioblastoma cells. Compared to most of the other glycolysis inhibitors used in combination with the complex-1 mitochondrial inhibitor phenformin (Phen), GH more potently inhibited cell growth. RNA-Seq with the T98G glioblastoma cell line treated with GH showed more than an 80-fold reduction in thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) expression, indicating that GH has a direct effect on regulating a key gene involved in the homeostasis of cellular glucose. GH in combination with phenformin also substantially enhances the levels of p-AMPK, a marker of metabolic catastrophe. These findings suggest that the concurrent use of the glycolytic inhibitor GH with a complex-1 mitochondrial inhibitor could be used as a powerful tool for inducing metabolic catastrophe in cancer cells and reducing their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendra Singh
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Flavia De Carlo
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Patrice Penfornis
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Siddharth K Tripathi
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ameeta K Agarwal
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Linda Eastham
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - David S Pasco
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Premalatha Balachandran
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Cancer Center & Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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7
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Kumar V, Sharma K, Sachan R, Alhayyani S, Al-Abbasi FA, Singh R, Anwar F. Co-drug development of gallic acid and metformin targeting the pro-inflammatory cytokines for the treatment of breast cancer. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23300. [PMID: 36703564 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well-documented that pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation play a significant role in the expansion of cancer disease. Gallic acid (GA), a natural compound, and metformin (Met), a synthetic drug exhibit potent anticancer potential via the distinct molecular mechanism. However, whether both these compounds can act synergistically to preclude and treat cancer is still unknown. This prompted us to scrutinize, the synergism between GA and Met, and that of a new co-drug synthesizing of GA and Met (GA-Met) and investigated the chemo-protective effect against breast cancer with possible intervention of cytokines. In vivo studies were based on chemical carcinogenesis, challenging breast tissue by dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA). Tumour incidence, tumour burden, pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, breast, hepatic tissue, macroscopically and histological analysis of mammary tumours were carried out and estimated. GA, Met and GA-Met co-drug exhibited the inhibition of cell proliferation; higher reduction of cell proliferation was observed by GA-Met. The inhibitory effect of GA-Met was linked to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, along with induction of apoptosis and accumulation in the sub-G1 phase. GA-Met significantly inhibited the cytokines production along with protection against DMBA-induced hyperplasia. Taken altogether, the current result suggests that GA-Met co-drug endows a safe and protective effect against cancer metastasis and can possibly use for the treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Richa Sachan
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Alhayyani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richa Singh
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Guo X, Zheng B, Wang J, Zhao T, Zheng Y. Exploring the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine in regulating liver fibrosis based on the alteration of glucose metabolic pathways. Phytother Res 2022. [PMID: 36433866 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis has become a research hotspot in the field of liver fibrosis at home and abroad. Liver fibrosis is a pathological change caused by chronic liver injury from a variety of causes. Liver fibrosis is a common pathological feature of many chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis, as well as the pathogenesis of the disease. The development of chronic liver disease into cirrhosis must go through the pathological process of liver fibrosis, in which hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play an important role. Following liver injury, HSC are activated and transdifferentiated into scar-forming myofibroblasts, which drive the trauma healing response and which rely on the deposition of collagen-rich extracellular matrix to maintain tissue integrity. This reaction will continue without strict control, which will lead to excessive accumulation of matrix and liver fibrosis. The mechanisms and clinical studies of liver fibrosis have been the focus of research in liver diseases. In recent years, several studies have revealed the mechanism of HSC metabolic reprogramming and the impact of this process on liver fibrosis, in which glucose metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in the activation of HSC, and it mainly meets the energy demand of HSC activation by upregulating glycolysis. Glycolysis is the process by which one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and produces energy and lactate under anaerobic conditions. Various factors have been found to be involved in regulating the glycolytic process of HSC, including glucose transport, intracellular processing of glucose, exosome secretion, and lactate production, etc. Inhibition of the glycolytic process of HSC can be an effective strategy against liver fibrosis. Currently, the combined action of multiple targets and links of Chinese medicine such as turmeric, comfrey, rhubarb and scutellaria baicalensis against the mechanism of liver fibrosis can effectively improve or even reverse liver fibrosis. This paper summarizes that turmeric extract curcumin, comfrey extract comfreyin, rhubarb, Subtle yang yu yin granules, Scutellaria baicalensis extract oroxylin A and cardamom extract cardamomin affect liver fibrosis by regulating gluconeogenic reprogramming. Therefore, studying the mechanism of action of TCM in regulating liver fibrosis through reprogramming of glucose metabolism is promising to explore new methods and approaches for Chinese Medicine modernization research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Guo
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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9
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Lin Y, Wang Y, Li PF. Mutual regulation of lactate dehydrogenase and redox robustness. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1038421. [PMID: 36407005 PMCID: PMC9672381 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1038421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of redox is electron transfer; in this way, energy metabolism brings redox stress. Lactate production is associated with NAD regeneration, which is now recognized to play a role in maintaining redox homeostasis. The cellular lactate/pyruvate ratio could be described as a proxy for the cytosolic NADH/NAD ratio, meaning lactate metabolism is the key to redox regulation. Here, we review the role of lactate dehydrogenases in cellular redox regulation, which play the role of the direct regulator of lactate–pyruvate transforming. Lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs) are found in almost all animal tissues; while LDHA catalyzed pyruvate to lactate, LDHB catalyzed the reverse reaction . LDH enzyme activity affects cell oxidative stress with NAD/NADH regulation, especially LDHA recently is also thought as an ROS sensor. We focus on the mutual regulation of LDHA and redox robustness. ROS accumulation regulates the transcription of LDHA. Conversely, diverse post-translational modifications of LDHA, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, play important roles in enzyme activity on ROS elimination, emphasizing the potential role of the ROS sensor and regulator of LDHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Lin
- *Correspondence: Yijun Lin, ; Yan Wang, ; Pei-feng Li,
| | - Yan Wang
- *Correspondence: Yijun Lin, ; Yan Wang, ; Pei-feng Li,
| | - Pei-feng Li
- *Correspondence: Yijun Lin, ; Yan Wang, ; Pei-feng Li,
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Fang H, Wang L, Yu L, Shen F, Yang Z, Yang Y, Li S, Dai H, Tan F, Lin J, Sheng H. Effects of metformin on Sonic hedgehog subgroup medulloblastoma progression: In vitro and in vivo studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928853. [PMID: 36278239 PMCID: PMC9585190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, and its anticancer effects have also been widely studied in recent years. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is involved in the initiation and progression of medulloblastoma. In order to develop a new treatment strategy for medulloblastoma (MB), this study investigated the inhibitory effect of metformin on MB and the underlying mechanism of metformin on the Shh signaling pathway. The effect of metformin on proliferation was evaluated by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) test and colony formation experiment. The effect of metformin on metastasis was assessed by the scratch-wound assay and transwell invasion assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry, and the associated proteins were examined by western blotting. The mRNA and protein expression levels related to the Shh pathway were measured by quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The xenograft murine model was carried out to evaluate the anticancer effect of metformin on medulloblastoma in vivo. Metformin inhibited proliferation and metastasis of the Shh subgroup MB cell line, and the inhibitory effect on proliferation was related to apoptosis and the block of the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Animal experiments showed that metformin inhibits medulloblastoma growth in vivo. Moreover, metformin decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of the Shh pathway, and this effect was reversed by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) siRNA. Furthermore, the pro-apoptotic and cell cycle arrest effects of metformin on Daoy cells could be reversed by the Shh pathway activators. Our findings demonstrated that metformin could inhibit medulloblastoma progression in vitro and in vivo, and this effect was associated with AMPK-mediated inhibition of the Shh signaling pathway in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangyi Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lisheng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Surgery, Box Hill Hospital Eastern Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Zelin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shize Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Dai
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Tan, ; Jian Lin, ; Hansong Sheng,
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Tan, ; Jian Lin, ; Hansong Sheng,
| | - Hansong Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Tan, ; Jian Lin, ; Hansong Sheng,
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11
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Greene J, Segaran A, Lord S. Targeting OXPHOS and the electronic transport chain in cancer; molecular and therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:851-859. [PMID: 35122973 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) takes place in mitochondria and is the process whereby cells use carbon fuels and oxygen to generate ATP. Formerly OXPHOS was thought to be reduced in tumours and that glycolysis was the critical pathway for generation of ATP but it is now clear that OXPHOS, at least in many tumour types, plays a critical role in delivering the bioenergetic and macromolecular anabolic requirements of cancer cells. There is now great interest in targeting the OXPHOS and the electron transport chain for cancer therapy and in this review article we describe current therapeutic approaches and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Greene
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashvina Segaran
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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12
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Metformin Increases Sensitivity of Melanoma Cells to Cisplatin by Blocking Exosomal-Mediated miR-34a Secretion. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5525231. [PMID: 34880915 PMCID: PMC8648459 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5525231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer derived from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes. Cisplatin (CDDP) is widely used in the treatment of different types of tumors with high response rates, but it generally has low efficiency in melanoma. This study aimed to investigate whether metformin could sensitize the melanoma cell line A375 to cisplatin. Our results for the first time indicated that CDDP increased the miR-34a secretion by exosomes in melanoma A375 cells, which was, at least partially, related to the cisplatin resistance of melanoma cells. Moreover, metformin significantly sensitized A375 cells to cisplatin. Mechanistically, metformin significantly blocked the exosome-mediated miR-34a secretion induced by cisplatin. Our study not only reveals a novel mechanism that exosomal secretion of miR-34a is involved in the cisplatin resistance of melanoma cells but also provides a promising therapeutic strategy by synergistic addition of metformin.
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Askar MA, Thabet NM, El-Sayyad GS, El-Batal AI, Abd Elkodous M, El Shawi OE, Helal H, Abdel-Rafei MK. Dual Hyaluronic Acid and Folic Acid Targeting pH-Sensitive Multifunctional 2DG@DCA@MgO-Nano-Core-Shell-Radiosensitizer for Breast Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215571. [PMID: 34771733 PMCID: PMC8583154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we have developed CD44 and folate receptor-targeting multi-functional dual drug-loaded nanoparticles. This comprises hyaluronic acid (HA) and folic acid (FA) conjugated to 2-deoxy glucose (2DG) and a shell linked to a dichloroacetate (DCA) and magnesium oxide (MgO) core (2DG@DCA@MgO; DDM) to enhance the localized chemo-radiotherapy for effective breast cancer (BC) treatment. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles including stability, selectivity, responsive release to pH, cellular uptake, and anticancer efficacy were comprehensively examined. Mechanistically, we identified multiple component signal pathways as important regulators of BC metabolism and mediators for the inhibitory effects exerted by DDM. Nanoparticles exhibited sustained DDM release properties in bio-relevant media, which was responsive to acidic pH providing edibility to the control of drug release from nanoparticles. DDM-loaded and HA–FA-functionalized nanoparticles exhibited increased selectivity and uptake by BC cells. Cell-based assays indicated that the functionalized DDM significantly suppressed cancer cell growth and boosted radiotherapy (RT) efficacy via inducing cell cycle arrest, enhancing apoptosis, and modulating glycolytic and OXPHOS pathways. Accordingly, the inhibition of glycolysis/OXPHOS by DDM and RT treatment may result in cancer metabolic reprogramming via a novel PI3K/AKT/mTOR/P53NF-κB/VEGF pathway in BC cells. Therefore, the dual targeting of glycolysis/OXPHOS pathways is suggested as a promising antitumor strategy. Abstract Globally, breast cancer (BC) poses a serious public health risk. The disease exhibits a complex heterogeneous etiology and is associated with a glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolic reprogramming phenotype, which fuels proliferation and progression. Due to the late manifestation of symptoms, rigorous treatment regimens are required following diagnosis. Existing treatments are limited by a lack of specificity, systemic toxicity, temporary remission, and radio-resistance in BC. In this study, we have developed CD44 and folate receptor-targeting multi-functional dual drug-loaded nanoparticles. This composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and folic acid (FA) conjugated to a 2-deoxy glucose (2DG) shell linked to a layer of dichloroacetate (DCA) and a magnesium oxide (MgO) core (2DG@DCA@MgO; DDM) to enhance the localized chemo-radiotherapy for effective BC treatment. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles including stability, selectivity, responsive release to pH, cellular uptake, and anticancer efficacy were thoroughly examined. Mechanistically, we identified multiple component signaling pathways as important regulators of BC metabolism and mediators for the inhibitory effects elicited by DDM. Nanoparticles exhibited sustained DDM release properties in a bio-relevant media, which was responsive to the acidic pH enabling eligibility to the control of drug release from nanoparticles. DDM-loaded and HA–FA-functionalized nanoparticles exhibited increased selectivity and uptake by BC cells. Cell-based assays revealed that the functionalized DDM significantly suppressed cancer cell growth and improved radiotherapy (RT) through inducing cell cycle arrest, enhancing apoptosis, and modulating glycolytic and OXPHOS pathways. By highlighting DDM mechanisms as an antitumor and radio-sensitizing reagent, our data suggest that glycolytic and OXPHOS pathway modulation occurs via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-κB/VEGFlow and P53high signaling pathway. In conclusion, the multi-functionalized DDM opposed tumor-associated metabolic reprogramming via multiple signaling pathways in BC cells as a promising targeted metabolic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A. Askar
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt; (N.M.T.); (M.K.A.-R.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (G.S.E.-S.); Tel.: +20-010-1704-8253 (M.A.A.)
| | - Noura M. Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt; (N.M.T.); (M.K.A.-R.)
| | - Gharieb S. El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (G.S.E.-S.); Tel.: +20-010-1704-8253 (M.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed I. El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Abd Elkodous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan;
| | - Omama E. El Shawi
- Health and Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt;
| | - Hamed Helal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed K. Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt; (N.M.T.); (M.K.A.-R.)
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Metformin and sodium dichloroacetate effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic activity tested alone and in combination in a canine prostate and a bladder cancer cell line. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257403. [PMID: 34570803 PMCID: PMC8476037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An important approach in tumor therapy is combining substances with different action mechanisms aiming to enhance the antineoplastic effect, decrease the therapeutic dosage, and avoid resistance mechanisms. Moreover, evaluating compounds already approved for the treatment of non-neoplastic diseases is promising for new antineoplastic therapies. Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) reactivates oxidative phosphorylation in the cancer cell mitochondria, reducing apoptosis resistance in cancer cells. Furthermore, metformin inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells and CD133+ cancer -stem-like cells. In the present study, we evaluated the independent and synergistic effect of metformin and DCA on the metabolic activity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis of a canine prostate adenocarcinoma (Adcarc1258) and a transitional cell carcinoma cell line (TCC1506) in comparison to a primary canine fibroblast culture. Determining metformin uptake in tumor cells was performed by quantitative HPLC. Depending on the dosage, metformin as a single agent inhibited the metabolic activity and cell proliferation of the tumor cells, showing only minor effects on the fibroblasts. Furthermore, 1 mM metformin increased apoptosis over 96 h in the tumor cell lines but not in fibroblasts. Additionally, metformin uptake into the tumor cells in vitro was measurable by quantitative HPLC. Synergistic effects for the combination therapy were observed in both neoplastic cell lines as well as in the fibroblasts. Based on these results, metformin might be a promising therapeutic agent for canine urogenital tumors. Further studies on kinetics, toxicology, bioavailability, and application of metformin in dogs are necessary.
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15
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Harland A, Liu X, Ghirardello M, Galan MC, Perks CM, Kurian KM. Glioma Stem-Like Cells and Metabolism: Potential for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743814. [PMID: 34532295 PMCID: PMC8438230 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) were first described as a population which may in part be resistant to traditional chemotherapeutic therapies and responsible for tumour regrowth. Knowledge of the underlying metabolic complexity governing GSC growth and function may point to potential differences between GSCs and the tumour bulk which could be harnessed clinically. There is an increasing interest in the direct/indirect targeting or reprogramming of GSC metabolism as a potential novel therapeutic approach in the adjuvant or recurrent setting to help overcome resistance which may be mediated by GSCs. In this review we will discuss stem-like models, interaction between metabolism and GSCs, and potential current and future strategies for overcoming GSC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Harland
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Liu
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Perks
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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16
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Chi X, Liu Z, Wei W, Hu X, Wang Y, Wang H, Xu B. Selenium-rich royal jelly inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through PI3K/AKT and VEGF pathways in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:9111-9127. [PMID: 34397053 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01070k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) and selenium (Se)-rich foods have well-known health benefits that are attributable to a broad range of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-tumor, and immunoregulatory activities. However, the physiological effects of Se-rich RJ, which is produced by feeding Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) sodium selenite sucrose solution, are not well understood. The anti-hepatoma activity and mechanism of Se-rich RJ in H22 tumor-bearing mice were investigated in the current study. The findings showed that the content of organic and inorganic Se in Se-rich RJ was significantly higher than that in RJ. Furthermore, interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in serum were increased and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver was decreased in mice fed RJ and Se-rich RJ. 16SrRNA sequencing and serum untargeted metabolomics showed that RJ and Se-rich RJ could modulate the gut microbiota, and fisetin and l-glutathione oxidized were the main anti-tumor components in RJ and Se-rich RJ. Further analysis showed 11-deoxy prostaglandin F1β was the specific anti-tumor metabolite in mice treated with Se-rich RJ compared with RJ. The results indicated that RJ and Se-rich RJ could inhibit the expression of PI3K and phosphorylation of AKT, induce cell apoptosis through the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and regulate Bcl-2/Bax expression. RJ and Se-rich RJ also inhibited the expression of COX-2 and VEGF. To summarize, the findings clearly demonstrate that Se-rich RJ could inhibit tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis as well as exhibit anti-tumor effects by improving immune function and antioxidant activities. The results indicated that Se-rich RJ could be a potential functional food for the management and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Chi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Xiyi Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Suppression of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase by Dichloroacetate in Cancer and Skeletal Muscle Cells Is Isoform Specific and Partially Independent of HIF-1α. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168610. [PMID: 34445316 PMCID: PMC8395311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) emerged as a potential strategy for treatment of cancer and metabolic disorders. Dichloroacetate (DCA), a prototypical PDK inhibitor, reduces the abundance of some PDK isoenzymes. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully characterized and may differ across cell types. We determined that DCA reduced the abundance of PDK1 in breast (MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells, while it suppressed both PDK1 and PDK2 in skeletal muscle cells (L6 myotubes). The DCA-induced PDK1 suppression was partially dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a transcriptional regulator of PDK1, in cancer cells but not in L6 myotubes. However, the DCA-induced alterations in the mRNA and the protein levels of PDK1 and/or PDK2 did not always occur in parallel, implicating a role for post-transcriptional mechanisms. DCA did not inhibit the mTOR signaling, while inhibitors of the proteasome or gene silencing of mitochondrial proteases CLPP and AFG3L2 did not prevent the DCA-induced reduction of the PDK1 protein levels. Collectively, our results suggest that DCA reduces the abundance of PDK in an isoform-dependent manner via transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Differential response of PDK isoenzymes to DCA might be important for its pharmacological effects in different types of cells.
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18
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Wang Y, Guo M, Lin D, Liang D, Zhao L, Zhao R, Wang Y. Docetaxel-loaded exosomes for targeting non-small cell lung cancer: preparation and evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1510-1523. [PMID: 34263685 PMCID: PMC8284156 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1951894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly lethal disease and the majority of NSCLC patients are desperate for therapies that can effectively target their cancer and ultimately improve their overall survival. Docetaxel (DTX) represents the first-line of the antitumor agent that is used to treat NSCLC; however, it has poor solubility in water and unsatisfactory encapsulation efficiency. In our study, exosomes were isolated from A549 cancer cells by ultracentrifugation and then characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot (WB). The particle size changes of EXO and EXO-DTX were measured daily for seven days to test the stability. DTX was selected payload by electroporation (EXO-DTX). For the in vitro evaluation, cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay and cellular uptake were evaluated in the A549 cells. Also, this study evaluated the target and therapeutic effect of DTX as an antitumor agent in vivo. As a result, EXO-DTX with a particle size of 149.5 nm were successfully prepared and the cytotoxicity of the EXO-DTX was much greater than that of DTX monomers. Exosomes significantly increased the cellular uptake in vitro evaluation and showed better targeting to tumor tissue compared to the free DTX in the mice. We also explored the potential of tumor cell-derived exosomes as a drug delivery agent to target the parent cancer. Hence, we conclude that exosomes might be used as a potential antitumor drug delivery system (DDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mimi Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingmei Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajun Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Korsakova L, Krasko JA, Stankevicius E. Metabolic-targeted Combination Therapy With Dichloroacetate and Metformin Suppresses Glioblastoma Cell Line Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. In Vivo 2021; 35:341-348. [PMID: 33402483 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We investigated the hypothesis that dichloroacetate (DCA), a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, and metformin (MET), an antidiabetic agent and complex I inhibitor, have synergistic cytotoxic effects in glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed dose response experiments and combination index calculation. Apoptotic and necrotic cells were estimated by flow cytometry. Cell metabolism was evaluated by Seahorse analysis and lactate export. Overall survival and tumor volume growth experiments were performed in C57BL/6 mice GL-261 allograft model. RESULTS DCA and MET showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity and synergistic effects. DCA alleviated the increase in lactate production induced by MET. Seahorse analysis showed that DCA treatment results in increased oxygen consumption rate, which is decreased by MET. DCA and MET significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased overall survival in mice. CONCLUSION Compounds targeting tumor cell metabolism could become potential treatment options for glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Korsakova
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | | | - Edgaras Stankevicius
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania;
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20
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Parczyk J, Ruhnau J, Pelz C, Schilling M, Wu H, Piaskowski NN, Eickholt B, Kühn H, Danker K, Klein A. Dichloroacetate and PX-478 exhibit strong synergistic effects in a various number of cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:481. [PMID: 33931028 PMCID: PMC8086110 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One key approach for anticancer therapy is drug combination. Drug combinations can help reduce doses and thereby decrease side effects. Furthermore, the likelihood of drug resistance is reduced. Distinct alterations in tumor metabolism have been described in past decades, but metabolism has yet to be targeted in clinical cancer therapy. Recently, we found evidence for synergism between dichloroacetate (DCA), a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, and the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478. In this study, we aimed to analyse this synergism in cell lines of different cancer types and to identify the underlying biochemical mechanisms. Methods The dose-dependent antiproliferative effects of the single drugs and their combination were assessed using SRB assays. FACS, Western blot and HPLC analyses were performed to investigate changes in reactive oxygen species levels, apoptosis and the cell cycle. Additionally, real-time metabolic analyses (Seahorse) were performed with DCA-treated MCF-7 cells. Results The combination of DCA and PX-478 produced synergistic effects in all eight cancer cell lines tested, including colorectal, lung, breast, cervical, liver and brain cancer. Reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis played important roles in this synergism. Furthermore, cell proliferation was inhibited by the combination treatment. Conclusions Here, we found that these tumor metabolism-targeting compounds exhibited a potent synergism across all tested cancer cell lines. Thus, we highly recommend the combination of these two compounds for progression to in vivo translational and clinical trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08186-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Parczyk
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jérôme Ruhnau
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carsten Pelz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Schilling
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Wu
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Nadine Piaskowski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Eickholt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kühn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Danker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Klein
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Leow HW, Koscielniak M, Williams L, Saunders PTK, Daniels J, Doust AM, Jones MC, Ferguson GD, Bagger Y, Horne AW, Whitaker LHR. Dichloroacetate as a possible treatment for endometriosis-associated pain: a single-arm open-label exploratory clinical trial (EPiC). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:67. [PMID: 33712086 PMCID: PMC7953373 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis (where endometrial-like tissue is found outside the uterus) affects ~ 176 million women worldwide and can lead to debilitating pelvic pain. There is an unmet need for new medical treatment options for endometriosis. Pelvic peritoneal mesothelial cells of women with endometriosis exhibit detrimental metabolic reprogramming that creates an environment favouring the formation and survival of endometriosis lesions. We have generated powerful preclinical proof-of-concept data to show that it is possible to correct this metabolic phenotype using dichloroacetate (DCA), a non-hormonal compound previously used to treat rare metabolic disorders in children. We plan a single-arm, open-label, single site exploratory clinical trial to inform the design of a future randomised controlled trial (RCT) to determine the efficacy of DCA for the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain. Methods We will recruit 30 women with endometriosis-associated pain over a 6-month period. All participants will receive approximately 6.25 mg/kg oral DCA capsules twice daily for 6 weeks, with a dose increase to approximately 12.5 mg/kg twice daily for a further 6 weeks if their pain has not been adequately controlled on this dose regime and side-effects are acceptable. If pain is adequately controlled with minimal side-effects, the lower dose will be continued for a further 6 weeks. The primary objective is to determine whether it is possible to achieve acceptable recruitment and retention rates within the defined exclusion and inclusion criteria. Secondary objectives are to determine the acceptability of the trial to participants, including the proposed methods of recruitment, treatment, follow-up frequency and number of questionnaires. The recruitment rate will be determined by the proportion of patients recruited from the pool of eligible women. The retention rate will be determined by the proportion of participants who attended the final trial visit. Discussion This is a feasibility study to explore effectiveness and acceptability of the proposed field methodology (recruitment, retention, study processes and compliance with treatment). The results will be used to inform the design of a future RCT. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04046081 Registered 6 August 2019
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Leow
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - M Koscielniak
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - L Williams
- Usher Institute, NINE Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - P T K Saunders
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institue, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - J Daniels
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - A M Doust
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - M-C Jones
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - G D Ferguson
- Reproductive Medicine and Maternal Health, Ferring Research Institute, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Y Bagger
- Reproductive Medicine and Maternal Health, Ferring Research Institute, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - A W Horne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - L H R Whitaker
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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22
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Wang L, Zhang S, Wang X. The Metabolic Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:602416. [PMID: 33489906 PMCID: PMC7817624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Metastasis is mainly responsible for treatment failure and is the cause of most breast cancer deaths. The role of metabolism in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer is gradually being emphasized. However, the regulatory mechanisms that conduce to cancer metastasis by metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer have not been expounded. Breast cancer cells exhibit different metabolic phenotypes depending on their molecular subtypes and metastatic sites. Both intrinsic factors, such as MYC amplification, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations, and extrinsic factors, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and acidosis, contribute to different metabolic reprogramming phenotypes in metastatic breast cancers. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis will provide important clues to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Ferrarini MG, Nisimura LM, Girard RMBM, Alencar MB, Fragoso MSI, Araújo-Silva CA, Veiga ADA, Abud APR, Nardelli SC, Vommaro RC, Silber AM, France-Sagot M, Ávila AR. Dichloroacetate and Pyruvate Metabolism: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases as Targets Worth Investigating for Effective Therapy of Toxoplasmosis. mSphere 2021; 6:e01002-20. [PMID: 33408226 PMCID: PMC7845590 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.01002-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is estimated to affect around 2.5 billion people worldwide. Nevertheless, the side effects of drugs combined with the long period of therapy usually result in discontinuation of the treatment. New therapies should be developed by exploring peculiarities of the parasite's metabolic pathways, similarly to what has been well described in cancer cell metabolism. An example is the switch in the metabolism of cancer that blocks the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A in mitochondria. In this context, dichloroacetate (DCA) is an anticancer drug that reverts the tumor proliferation by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for this switch: the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs). DCA has also been used in the treatment of certain symptoms of malaria; however, there is no evidence of how this drug affects apicomplexan species. In this paper, we studied the metabolism of T. gondii and demonstrate that DCA also inhibits T. gondii's in vitro infection with no toxic effects on host cells. DCA caused an increase in the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase followed by an unbalanced mitochondrial activity. We also observed morphological alterations frequently in mitochondria and in a few apicoplasts, essential organelles for parasite survival. To date, the kinases that potentially regulate the activity of pyruvate metabolism in both organelles have never been described. Here, we confirmed the presence in the genome of two putative kinases (T. gondii PDK [TgPDK] and T. gondii branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase [TgBCKDK]), verified their cellular localization in the mitochondrion, and provided in silico data suggesting that they are potential targets of DCA.IMPORTANCE Currently, the drugs used for toxoplasmosis have severe toxicity to human cells, and the treatment still lacks effective and safer alternatives. The search for novel drug targets is timely. We report here that the treatment of T. gondii with an anticancer drug, dichloroacetate (DCA), was effective in decreasing in vitro infection without toxicity to human cells. It is known that PDK is the main target of DCA in mammals, and this inactivation increases the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A and reverts the proliferation of tumor cells. Moreover, we verified the mitochondrial localization of two kinases that possibly regulate the activity of pyruvate metabolism in T. gondii, which has never been studied. DCA increased pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in T. gondii, followed by an unbalanced mitochondrial activity, in a manner similar to what was previously observed in cancer cells. Thus, we propose the conserved kinases as potential regulators of pyruvate metabolism and interesting targets for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Galvão Ferrarini
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lindice Mitie Nisimura
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Apicomplexa, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Richard Marcel Bruno Moreira Girard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayke Bezerra Alencar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlla Assis Araújo-Silva
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alan de Almeida Veiga
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Apicomplexa, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rossiane C Vommaro
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariel Mariano Silber
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marie France-Sagot
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- INRIA Grenoble Rhône-Alpes, Montbonnot-Saint-Martin, France
| | - Andréa Rodrigues Ávila
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Apicomplexa, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Paraná, Brazil
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24
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王 魁, 明 慧, 左 静, 田 海, 黄 灿. [A Review of the Redox Regulation of Tumor Metabolism]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:57-63. [PMID: 33474890 PMCID: PMC10408948 DOI: 10.12182/20210160204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic aberrance is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The metabolic patterns in cancer cells are well reprogrammed to provide building blocks and energy for their sustained growth. During tumor metabolic reprogramming, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated and the antioxidant systems are activated. High levels of ROS lead to oxidative damage and even cell death, whereas ROS at low levels act as second messenger to regulate many signaling pathways. Recently, with the revisiting of oxidative stress, it has been found that ROS can directly mediate the redox modifications of proteins, resulting in protein conformational and functional alterations. However, only a very small portion of metabolic enzymes, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and PKM2, etc., has been reported to undergo redox modifications. Whether other metabolic enzymes are regulated by redox modifications and thus exhibit critical functions remain largely unknown. Moreover, the specific spatio-temporal targeting of redox modifications of metabolic enzymes, as well as overcoming the existed redox and metabolic adaptation, are key points to be solved. Here, we will review the reported redox modification patterns of metabolic enzymes, the involved regulatory mechanisms and their roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progress. In addition, we will discuss the future therapeutic strategies targeting redox modifications of metabolic enzymes for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- 魁 王
- 四川大学华西医院 生物治疗国家重点实验室 生物治疗协同创新中心 (成都 610041)Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 慧 明
- 四川大学华西医院 生物治疗国家重点实验室 生物治疗协同创新中心 (成都 610041)Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 静 左
- 四川大学华西医院 生物治疗国家重点实验室 生物治疗协同创新中心 (成都 610041)Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 海隆 田
- 四川大学华西医院 生物治疗国家重点实验室 生物治疗协同创新中心 (成都 610041)Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 灿华 黄
- 四川大学华西医院 生物治疗国家重点实验室 生物治疗协同创新中心 (成都 610041)Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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25
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Khodaei F, Hosseini SM, Omidi M, Hosseini SF, Rezaei M. Cytotoxicity of metformin against HT29 colon cancer cells contributes to mitochondrial Sirt3 upregulation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22662. [PMID: 33147367 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and diabetes, the two mitochondria-related diseases, have recently been linked to silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (SIRT3) activity irregularities. In this study, the effect of metformin, an antidiabetic with anticancer properties, has been evaluated on mitochondrial functionality markers, cell death pathways, and SIRT3 enzyme activity in the colon cancer cell line, HT-29, and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). HT-29 cells were treated with metformin (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 µM) for 24, 48, and 72 h for measuring the IC50 concentration. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, SIRT3 activity, and expression were evaluated against the colon cancer cell line, HT-29. Results indicated a higher ROS production at 6 than 12 h with metformin treatment. Metformin modified the mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in cell death induction. Results from SIRT3 activity and expression showed that metformin increased its activity and expression in cancer cells. In conclusion, metformin in HT-29 cells disturbed the mitochondrial activity via increased ROS levels and SIRT3 activity, and these rapid modifications may play a key role in its cytotoxic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Khodaei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayed M Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Omidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Infertility reseaerch center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Seyede F Hosseini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Shukal D, Bhadresha K, Shastri B, Mehta D, Vasavada A, Johar K. Dichloroacetate prevents TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108072. [PMID: 32473169 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative retinopathies are associated with formation of fibrous epiretinal membranes. At present, there is no pharmacological intervention for the treatment of retinopathies. Cytokines such as TGFβ are elevated in the vitreous humor of the patients with proliferative vitro-retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. TGFβ isoforms lead to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or trans-differentiation of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk pathways play important roles in the EMT of RPE cells. Therefore, inhibition of EMT by pharmacological agents is an important therapeutic strategy in retinopathy. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is shown to prevent proliferation and EMT of cancer cell lines but its effects are not explored on the prevention of EMT of RPE cells. In the present study, we have investigated the role of DCA in preventing TGFβ2 induced EMT of RPE cell line, ARPE-19. A wound-healing assay was utilized to detect the anti-EMT effect of DCA. The expressions of EMT and cell adhesion markers were carried out by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of MAPK/Erk and PI3K/Akt pathway members was carried out using western blotting. We found that TGFβ2 exposure leads to an increase in the wound healing response, expression of EMT markers (Fibronectin, Collagen I, N-cadherin, MMP9, S100A4, α-SMA, Snai1, Slug) and a decrease in the expression of cell adhesion/epithelial markers (ZO-1, Connexin 43, E-cadherin). These changes were accompanied by the activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk pathways. Simultaneous exposure of DCA along with TGFβ2 significantly inhibited wound healing response, expression of EMT markers and cell adhesion/epithelial markers. Furthermore, DCA and TGFβ2 effectively attenuated the activation of MAPK/Erk/JNK and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathways. Our results demonstrate that DCA has a strong anti-EMT effect on the ARPE-19 cells and hence can be utilized as a therapeutic agent in the prevention of proliferative retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Shukal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Kinjal Bhadresha
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - Bhoomi Shastri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - Deval Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - Abhay Vasavada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - Kaid Johar
- Department of Zoology, BMTC, Human Genetics, USSC, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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27
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Abstract
During nearly 100 years of research on cancer cachexia (CC), science has been reciting the same mantra: it is a multifactorial syndrome. The aim of this paper is to show that the symptoms are many, but they have a single cause: anoxia. CC is a complex and devastating condition that affects a high proportion of advanced cancer patients. Unfortunately, it cannot be reversed by traditional nutritional support and it generally reduces survival time. It is characterized by significant weight loss, mainly from fat deposits and skeletal muscles. The occurrence of cachexia in cancer patients is usually a late phenomenon. The conundrum is why do similar patients with similar tumors, develop cachexia and others do not? Even if cachexia is mainly a metabolic dysfunction, there are other issues involved such as the activation of inflammatory responses and crosstalk between different cell types. The exact mechanism leading to a wasting syndrome is not known, however there are some factors that are surely involved, such as anorexia with lower calorie intake, increased glycolytic flux, gluconeogenesis, increased lipolysis and severe tumor hypoxia. Based on this incomplete knowledge we put together a scheme explaining the molecular mechanisms behind cancer cachexia, and surprisingly, there is one cause that explains all of its characteristics: anoxia. With this different view of CC we propose a treatment based on the physiopathology that leads from anoxia to the symptoms of CC. The fundamentals of this hypothesis are based on the idea that CC is the result of anoxia causing intracellular lactic acidosis. This is a dangerous situation for cell survival which can be solved by activating energy consuming gluconeogenesis. The process is conducted by the hypoxia inducible factor-1α. This hypothesis was built by putting together pieces of evidence produced by authors working on related topics.
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28
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Schoonjans CA, Gallez B. Metabolic Plasticity of Tumor Cells: How They Do Adapt to Food Deprivation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:109-123. [PMID: 32130696 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolism is a key hallmark of cancer cells and an enticing target for cancer treatment. Since the last 10 years, research on cancer metabolism has moved from pathway attention to network consideration. This metabolic complexity continuously adapt to new constraints in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will highlight striking changes in cancer cell metabolism compared to normal cells. Understanding this tumor metabolic plasticity suggests potential new targets and innovative combinatorial treatments for fighting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline A Schoonjans
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Samuel SM, Varghese E, Kubatka P, Triggle CR, Büsselberg D. Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120846. [PMID: 31835318 PMCID: PMC6995629 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest has grown in studying the possible use of well-known anti-diabetic drugs as anti-cancer agents individually or in combination with, frequently used, chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation, owing to the fact that diabetes heightens the risk, incidence, and rapid progression of cancers, including breast cancer, in an individual. In this regard, metformin (1, 1-dimethylbiguanide), well known as ‘Glucophage’ among diabetics, was reported to be cancer preventive while also being a potent anti-proliferative and anti-cancer agent. While meta-analysis studies reported a lower risk and incidence of breast cancer among diabetic individuals on a metformin treatment regimen, several in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical studies reported the efficacy of using metformin individually as an anti-cancer/anti-tumor agent or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation in the treatment of different forms of breast cancer. However, unanswered questions remain with regards to areas such as cancer treatment specific therapeutic dosing of metformin, specificity to cancer cells at high concentrations, resistance to metformin therapy, efficacy of combinatory therapeutic approaches, post-therapeutic relapse of the disease, and efficacy in cancer prevention in non-diabetic individuals. In the current article, we discuss the biology of metformin and its molecular mechanism of action, the existing cellular, pre-clinical, and clinical studies that have tested the anti-tumor potential of metformin as a potential anti-cancer/anti-tumor agent in breast cancer therapy, and outline the future prospects and directions for a better understanding and re-purposing of metformin as an anti-cancer drug in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (D.B.); Tel.: +974-4492-8269 (S.M.S.); +974-4492-8334 (D.B.); Fax: +974-4492-8333 (S.M.S.); +974-4492-8333 (D.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Chris R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (D.B.); Tel.: +974-4492-8269 (S.M.S.); +974-4492-8334 (D.B.); Fax: +974-4492-8333 (S.M.S.); +974-4492-8333 (D.B.)
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30
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Woolbright BL, Rajendran G, Harris RA, Taylor JA. Metabolic Flexibility in Cancer: Targeting the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Axis. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1673-1681. [PMID: 31511353 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells use alterations of normal metabolic processes to sustain proliferation indefinitely. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) family is one way in which cancer cells alter normal pyruvate metabolism to fuel proliferation. PDKs can phosphorylate and inactivate the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), which blocks oxidative metabolism of pyruvate by the mitochondria. This process is thought to enhance cancer cell growth by promoting anabolic pathways. Inhibition of PDKs induces cell death through increased PDH activity and subsequent increases in ROS production. The use of PDK inhibitors has seen widespread success as a potential therapeutic in laboratory models of multiple cancers; however, gaps still exist in our understanding of the biology of PDK regulation and function, especially in the context of individual PDKs. Efforts are currently underway to generate PDK-specific inhibitors and delineate the roles of individual PDK isozymes in specific cancers. The goal of this review is to understand the regulation of the PDK isozyme family, their role in cancer proliferation, and how to target this pathway therapeutically to specifically and effectively reduce cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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31
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Jin J, Qiu S, Wang P, Liang X, Huang F, Wu H, Zhang B, Zhang W, Tian X, Xu R, Shi H, Wu X. Cardamonin inhibits breast cancer growth by repressing HIF-1α-dependent metabolic reprogramming. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:377. [PMID: 31455352 PMCID: PMC6712736 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardamonin, a chalcone isolated from Alpiniae katsumadai, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. However, the molecular mechanism by which cardamonin inhibits breast cancer progression largely remains to be determined. Methods CCK-8 and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to detect cell growth and apoptosis, respectively. HIF-1α driven transcription was measured by luciferase reporter assay. Glucose uptake and lactate content were detected with 2-NBDG and L-Lactate Assay Kit. Cell metabolism assays were performed on Agilent’s Seahorse Bioscience XF96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured with JC-1 probe. DCFH-DA was used to measure ROS level. Protein expression was detected by western blotting assay. Immunohistochemistry was performed to measure the expression of HIF-1α, LDHA and CD31 in tumor tissues. Results Cardamonin inhibited growth of the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in vitro and in vivo by suppressing HIF-1α mediated cell metabolism. Cardamonin inhibited the expression of HIF-1α at mRNA and protein levels by repressing the mTOR/p70S6K pathway, and subsequently enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. We also found that cardamonin inhibited the Nrf2-dependent ROS scavenging system which further increased intracellular ROS levels. Eventually, accumulation of the intracellular ROS induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In addition, cardamonin treatment reduced glucose uptake as well as lactic acid production and efflux, suggesting its function in repressing the glycolysis process. Conclusions These results reveal novel function of cardamonin in modulating cancer cell metabolism and suppressing breast cancer progression, and suggest its potential for breast cancer treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1351-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuiping Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaohui Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinhui Tian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ren Xu
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Biopharm 553, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Ismail Hassan F, Didari T, Khan F, Niaz K, Mojtahedzadeh M, Abdollahi M. A Review on The Protective Effects of Metformin in Sepsis-Induced Organ Failure. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:363-370. [PMID: 31376317 PMCID: PMC6722446 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in sepsis management, it remains a major intensive-care-unit (ICU) concern. From new prospective, positive
effects of metformin, such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are considered potentially beneficial properties
for management of septic patients. This article reviewed the potential ameliorative effects of metformin in sepsis-induced
organ failure. Information were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Multi-organ damage, oxidative
stress, inflammatory cytokine stimulation, and altered circulation are hallmarks of sepsis. Metformin exerts its effect via
adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. It improves sepsis-induced organ failure by inhibiting
the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, preventing the activation of transcription
factors related to inflammation, decreasing neutrophil accumulation/infiltration, and also maintaining mitochondrial membrane
potential. Studies reported the safety of metformin therapeutic doses, with no evidence of lactic acidosis, in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ismail Hassan
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Didari
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Niaz
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Afrasiabi S, Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. The Photomodulation Activity of Metformin Against Oral Microbiome. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:241-250. [PMID: 31749953 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the periodontium, which results in the inflammatory destruction of supporting structures around teeth and is closely associated with the development of systemic disease. Due to a wide variety of antibiotic resistance periodontopathic bacteria, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive adjunctive therapeutic modality that is capable of destroying the whole range of microbes. Metformin (Metf) is an antidiabetic drug, and recent studies suggest that cancer patients who receive Metf and are exposed to radiotherapy and chemotherapy show better outcomes. Our surveys in this review introduce Metf as a potent stimulus in increasing the efficacy of PDT in the induction of destruction in microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Afrasiabi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Metformin in breast cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence. Curr Probl Cancer 2019; 44:100488. [PMID: 31235186 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, a well-acknowledged biguanide, safety profile and multiaction drug with low cost for management of type 2 diabetes, makes a first-class candidate for repurposing. The off-patent drug draws huge attention for repositioned for anticancer drug delivery recently. Still few unanswered questions are challenging, among them one leading question; can metformin use as a generic therapy for all breast cancer subtypes? And is metformin able to get over the problem of drug resistance? The review focused on the mechanisms of metformin action specifically for breast cancer therapy and overcoming the resistance; also discusses preclinical and ongoing and completed clinical trials. The existing limitation such as therapeutic dose specifically for cancer treatment, resistance of metformin in breast cancer and organic cation transporters heterogeneity of the drug opens up a new pathway for improved understanding and successful application as repurposed effective chemotherapeutics for breast cancer. However, much more additional research is needed to confirm the accurate efficacy of metformin treatment for prevention of cancer and its recurrence.
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Inanc S, Keles D, Eskiizmir G, Basbinar Y, Oktay G. METFORMIN AND DICHOLOROACETATE COMBINATION EXERT A SYNERGISTIC EFFECT ON CELL VIABILITY OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. ENT UPDATES 2019. [DOI: 10.32448/entupdates.569464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Saraei P, Asadi I, Kakar MA, Moradi-Kor N. The beneficial effects of metformin on cancer prevention and therapy: a comprehensive review of recent advances. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:3295-3313. [PMID: 31114366 PMCID: PMC6497052 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used drug in today’s prescriptions by physicians due to its specific effects in treating and curing type II diabetes. Diabetes is a common disease that may occur throughout human life, and can increase the likelihood of the occurrence of various types of cancer, such as colon, rectum, pancreas and liver cancers, compared to non-diabetic patients. Metformin inhibits mTOR activity by activating ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and LKB1 (liver kinase B1) and then adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase
(AMPK), and thus prevents protein synthesis and cell growth. Metformin can activate p53 by activating
AMPK and thereby ultimately stop the cell cycle. Given the potential of metformin in the treatment of cancer, it can be used in radiotherapy, chemotherapy and to improve the response to treatment in
androgen derivatives (ADT), and also, according to available evidence, metformin can also be used to prevent various types of cancers. Generally, metformin can: 1) reduce the incidence of cancers, 2) reduce the mortality from cancers, 3) increase the response to treatment in cancer cells when using radiotherapy and chemotherapy, 4) optimize tumor movement and reduce the malignancy, 5) reduce the likelihood of relapse, and 6) reduce the damaging effects of ADT. Therefore, this drug can be used as a complementary therapeutic agent for cancer treatment and prevention. In this review, we have summarized the data from various experimental and clinical studies and highlight the possible potential effects of metformin on cancer therapeutic responses. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/bfZuNyIztZA
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Saraei
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ilia Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Muhammad Azam Kakar
- Director Planning and Development, L&DD Department, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Nasroallah Moradi-Kor
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Zhuang Y, Ly RC, Frazier CV, Yu J, Qin S, Fan XY, Goetz MP, Boughey JC, Weinshilboum R, Wang L. The novel function of tumor protein D54 in regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase and metformin cytotoxicity in breast cancer. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:1. [PMID: 30697423 PMCID: PMC6345044 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of tumor protein D54 in breast cancer has not been studied and its function in breast cancer remains unclear. In our previous pharmacogenomic studies using lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL), this protein has been identified to affect metformin response. Although metformin has been widely studied as a prophylactic and chemotherapeutic drug, there is still a lack of biomarkers predicting the response to metformin in breast cancer. In this study, we revealed the novel function of TPD54 in breast cancer through understanding how TPD54 altered the cancer cell sensitivity to metformin. Methods The role of TPD54 in altering cellular sensitivity to metformin treatment was carried out by either knockdown or overexpression of TPD54, followed by measuring cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in MCF7 breast cancer cell line and breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. Functional analysis of TPD54 in breast cancer cells was demonstrated by studying TPD54 protein localization and identification of potential binding partners of TPD54 through immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. The effect of TPD54 on pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) protein regulation was demonstrated by western blot, immunoprecipitation, and site-directed mutagenesis. Results TPD54 inhibited colony formation and enhanced cellular sensitivity to metformin treatment in MCF7 cells and breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. Mechanistic study indicated that TPD54 had mitochondrial localization, bound to and stabilized pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α by blocking pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1)-mediated serine 232 phosphorylation. TPD54 knockdown increased PDH E1α protein degradation and led to decreased PDH enzyme activity, which reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thus contributing to the resistance of breast cancer cells to metformin treatment. Conclusion We have discovered a novel mechanism by which TPD54 regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase and affects the sensitivity of breast cancer to metformin treatment. Our findings highlight the important post-translational regulation of PDK1 on PDH E1α and the potential application of TPD54 as a biomarker for selecting tumors that may be sensitive to metformin therapy. These provide new insights into understanding the regulation of PDH complexes and the resistance mechanisms of cancer cells to metformin treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40170-018-0193-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Zhuang
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Reynold C Ly
- 2Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of the Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | | | - Jia Yu
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Sisi Qin
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Xiao-Yang Fan
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.,4Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Judy C Boughey
- 5Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Richard Weinshilboum
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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Stevens JF, Revel JS, Maier CS. Mitochondria-Centric Review of Polyphenol Bioactivity in Cancer Models. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1589-1611. [PMID: 29084444 PMCID: PMC6207154 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Humans are exposed daily to polyphenols in milligram-to-gram amounts through dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables. Polyphenols are also available as components of dietary supplements for improving general health. Although polyphenols are often advertised as antioxidants to explain health benefits, experimental evidence shows that their beneficial cancer preventing and controlling properties are more likely due to stimulation of pro-oxidant and proapoptotic pathways. Recent Advances: The understanding of the biological differences between cancer and normal cell, and especially the role that mitochondria play in carcinogenesis, has greatly advanced in recent years. These advances have resulted in a wealth of new information on polyphenol bioactivity in cell culture and animal models of cancer. Polyphenols appear to target oxidative phosphorylation and regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), glycolysis, pro-oxidant pathways, and antioxidant (adaptive) stress responses with greater selectivity in tumorigenic cells. CRITICAL ISSUES The ability of polyphenols to dissipate the MMP (Δψm) by a protonophore mechanism has been known for more than 50 years. However, researchers focus primarily on the downstream molecular effects of Δψm dissipation and mitochondrial uncoupling. We argue that the physicochemical properties of polyphenols are responsible for their anticancer properties by virtue of their protonophoric and pro-oxidant properties rather than their specific effects on downstream molecular targets. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Polyphenol-induced dissipation of Δψm is a physicochemical process that cancer cells cannot develop resistance against by gene mutation. Therefore, polyphenols should receive more attention as agents for cotherapy with cancer drugs to gain synergistic activity. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Johana S. Revel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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Lord SR, Cheng WC, Liu D, Gaude E, Haider S, Metcalf T, Patel N, Teoh EJ, Gleeson F, Bradley K, Wigfield S, Zois C, McGowan DR, Ah-See ML, Thompson AM, Sharma A, Bidaut L, Pollak M, Roy PG, Karpe F, James T, English R, Adams RF, Campo L, Ayers L, Snell C, Roxanis I, Frezza C, Fenwick JD, Buffa FM, Harris AL. Integrated Pharmacodynamic Analysis Identifies Two Metabolic Adaption Pathways to Metformin in Breast Cancer. Cell Metab 2018; 28:679-688.e4. [PMID: 30244975 PMCID: PMC6224605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Late-phase clinical trials investigating metformin as a cancer therapy are underway. However, there remains controversy as to the mode of action of metformin in tumors at clinical doses. We conducted a clinical study integrating measurement of markers of systemic metabolism, dynamic FDG-PET-CT, transcriptomics, and metabolomics at paired time points to profile the bioactivity of metformin in primary breast cancer. We show metformin reduces the levels of mitochondrial metabolites, activates multiple mitochondrial metabolic pathways, and increases 18-FDG flux in tumors. Two tumor groups are identified with distinct metabolic responses, an OXPHOS transcriptional response (OTR) group for which there is an increase in OXPHOS gene transcription and an FDG response group with increased 18-FDG uptake. Increase in proliferation, as measured by a validated proliferation signature, suggested that patients in the OTR group were resistant to metformin treatment. We conclude that mitochondrial response to metformin in primary breast cancer may define anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - Wei-Chen Cheng
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Edoardo Gaude
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Tom Metcalf
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Neel Patel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Eugene J Teoh
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Fergus Gleeson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Kevin Bradley
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Simon Wigfield
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christos Zois
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Daniel R McGowan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Mei-Lin Ah-See
- Department of Oncology, Luton and Dunstable Hospital, Luton, UK
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anand Sharma
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Luc Bidaut
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK; Clinical Research Imaging Facility, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Pankaj G Roy
- Breast Surgery Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Tim James
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ruth English
- Oxford Breast Imaging Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Rosie F Adams
- Oxford Breast Imaging Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Leticia Campo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Lisa Ayers
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Cameron Snell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Research Institute, Brisbane 4101, Australia
| | - Ioannis Roxanis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - John D Fenwick
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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Verma A, Lam YM, Leung YC, Hu X, Chen X, Cheung E, Tam KY. Combined use of arginase and dichloroacetate exhibits anti-proliferative effects in triple negative breast cancer cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:306-315. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Drug combination in cancer therapy aims to achieve synergistic therapeutic effect, reduced drug dosage, reduced drug toxicity and minimizes or delays the induction of drug resistance. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of the combination of two metabolic modulators, dichloroacetate (DCA) and bacillus caldovelox arginase (BCA) (or pegyated human arginase (HA)).
Methods
The combination treatments were evaluated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells as well as in MDA-MB 231 breast cancer xenograft model.
Key findings
Dichloroacetate and BCA combination exhibited anti-proliferative effects on MCF-7 cells, which were found to be synergistic. Analysis of the gene expression upon drug treatments revealed that the synergistic anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells was possibly in part due to the activation of the p53 pathway. A similar synergistic anti-proliferative effect was observed in the combined use of DCA and HA on MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells, which was due to induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Moreover, the combination enhanced anti-tumour activity in a MDA-MB 231 xenograft mouse model.
Conclusions
Our results suggested that dichloroacetate and arginase combination exhibited enhanced anti-cancer effects in preclinical breast cancer models which may offer an additional treatment option for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Verma
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yau-Min Lam
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Edwin Cheung
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Metformin Promotes HaCaT Cell Apoptosis through Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species via Raf-1-ERK1/2-Nrf2 Inactivation. Inflammation 2018; 41:948-958. [PMID: 29549478 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although metformin (MET) may be useful for the treatment of psoriasis, the mechanisms underlying its method of action have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, the relationship between MET function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the underlying mechanism were explored in human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). HaCaT cells were incubated with MET at 0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 mM for 24 h. The cell viability was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay. The cell apoptosis rate and intracellular ROS levels were examined using flow cytometry. The protein expression and the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), Raf-1, and ERK1/2 were assessed by Western blot. The specific ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and the specific Nrf2 agonist Oltipraz (OPZ) were used to analyze the effect of MET. MET decreased HaCaT cell proliferation and induced HaCaT cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. MET was found to elevate intracellular ROS levels in a dose-dependent manner, while pretreatment with NAC attenuated these effects. MET inhibits the protein expression and the phosphorylation levels of Nrf2. The combination of OPZ and MET can significantly increase the cell viability, decrease the rate of apoptosis, and attenuate the intracellular ROS levels relative to MET alone. MET inhibits the protein expression and the phosphorylation levels of Raf-1 and ERK1/2. MET was found to attenuate Raf-1-ERK1/2 signaling in HaCaT cells to suppress the expression and phosphorylation levels of Nrf2, which contributed to the intracellular generation of ROS and the pro-apoptotic effects of MET.
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de Mey S, Jiang H, Corbet C, Wang H, Dufait I, Law K, Bastien E, Verovski V, Gevaert T, Feron O, De Ridder M. Antidiabetic Biguanides Radiosensitize Hypoxic Colorectal Cancer Cells Through a Decrease in Oxygen Consumption. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1073. [PMID: 30337872 PMCID: PMC6178882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The anti-diabetic biguanide drugs metformin and phenformin exhibit antitumor activity in various models. However, their radiomodulatory effect under hypoxic conditions, particularly for phenformin, is largely unknown. This study therefore examines whether metformin and phenformin as mitochondrial complex I blockades could overcome hypoxic radioresistance through inhibition of oxygen consumption. Materials and Methods: A panel of colorectal cancer cells (HCT116, DLD-1, HT29, SW480, and CT26) was exposed to metformin or phenformin for 16 h at indicated concentrations. Afterward, cell viability was measured by MTT and colony formation assays. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was examined by western blot. Mitochondria complexes activity and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were measured by seahorse analyzer. The radiosensitivity of tumor cells was assessed by colony formation assay under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. The in vitro findings were further validated in colorectal CT26 tumor model. Results: Metformin and phenformin inhibited mitochondrial complex I activity and subsequently reduced OCR in a dose-dependent manner starting at 3 mM and 30 μM, respectively. As a result, the hypoxic radioresistance of tumor cells was counteracted by metformin and phenformin with an enhancement ratio about 2 at 9 mM and 100 μM, respectively. Regarding intrinsic radioresistance, both of them did not exhibit any effect although there was an increase of phosphorylation of AMPK and ROS production. In tumor-bearing mice, metformin or phenformin alone did not show any anti-tumor effect. While in combination with radiation, both of them substantially delayed tumor growth and enhanced radioresponse, respectively, by 1.3 and 1.5-fold. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that metformin and phenformin overcome hypoxic radioresistance through inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, and provide a rationale to explore metformin and phenformin as hypoxic radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven de Mey
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inès Dufait
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kalun Law
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Estelle Bastien
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valeri Verovski
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gevaert
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Lee EJ, Chung TW, Lee JH, Kim BS, Kim EY, Lee SO, Ha KT. Water-extracted branch of Cinnamomum cassia promotes lung cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 138:146-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Zhang M, Cong Q, Zhang X, Zhang M, Lu Y, Xu C. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 contributes to cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer through EGFR activation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6361-6370. [PMID: 30229902 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Qing Cong
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiao‐Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Shanghai China
| | - Ming‐Xing Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Ying‐Ying Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Cong‐Jian Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases Shanghai China
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Florio R, De Lellis L, Veschi S, Verginelli F, di Giacomo V, Gallorini M, Perconti S, Sanna M, Mariani-Costantini R, Natale A, Arduini A, Amoroso R, Cataldi A, Cama A. Effects of dichloroacetate as single agent or in combination with GW6471 and metformin in paraganglioma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13610. [PMID: 30206358 PMCID: PMC6134030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paragangliomas (PGLs) are infiltrating autonomic nervous system tumors that cause important morbidity. At present, surgery is the only effective therapeutic option for this rare tumor. Thus, new agents for PGL treatment should be identified. Using unique PGL cell models established in our laboratory, we evaluated the effect of dichloroacetate (DCA) as single agent or in a novel combination with other metabolic drugs, including GW6471 and metformin. DCA and metformin had not been tested before in PGL. DCA reduced PGL cell viability and growth through mechanisms involving reactivation of PDH complex leading to promotion of oxidative metabolism, with lowering of lactate and enhanced ROS production. This resulted in cell cycle inhibition and induction of apoptosis in PGL cells, as shown by flow cytometry and immunoblot analyses. Moreover, DCA drastically impaired clonogenic activity and migration of PGL cells. Also metformin reduced PGL cell viability as single agent and the combinations of DCA, GW6471 and metformin had strong effects on cell viability. Furthermore, combined treatments had drastic and synergistic effects on clonogenic ability. In conclusion, DCA, GW6471 and metformin as single agents and in combination appear to have promising antitumor effects in unique cell models of PGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. .,Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Perconti
- Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Sanna
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Renato Mariani-Costantini
- Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelica Natale
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. .,Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
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Woolbright BL, Ayres M, Taylor JA. Metabolic changes in bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:327-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li B, Zhu Y, Sun Q, Yu C, Chen L, Tian Y, Yan J. Reversal of the Warburg effect with DCA in PDGF‑treated human PASMC is potentiated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase‑1 inhibition mediated through blocking Akt/GSK‑3β signalling. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1391-1400. [PMID: 29956736 PMCID: PMC6089770 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence indicating that the growth inhibitory effect of dichloroacetate (DCA) on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) may be associated with the reversal of the Warburg effect and initiation of the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Previous studies indicated that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promoted the Warburg effect and resulted in apoptotic resistance of PASMCs, which was attributed to activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway. However, the mechanism underlying the pro-apoptotic effect of DCA on PDGF-treated PASMCs has not been thoroughly elucidated, and the effect of the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway inhibition concomitant with the effect of DCA on PASMC proliferation remains unclear. The growth of human PASMCs and the lactate concentration in extracellular medium of PASMCs were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and a Lactate Colorimetric Assay kit, respectively. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was assessed with 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazol-carbocy-anine iodide assays. The expression levels of phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3β, pyruvate dehydrogenase, cleaved caspase-3, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK-1), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and hexokinase-2 (HK-2) were measured with western blot analysis. Confocal analyses were employed to determine HK-2 co-localisation with the mitochondria. The results indicated that DCA inhibited human PASMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. DCA at 10 mM promoted apoptosis and the upregulation of activated caspase-3 in PASMCs pre-treated with 20 ng/ml PDGF-homeodimer BB (BB). Treatment with 5 µM LY294002 produced minimal anti-proliferative effects on human PASMCs and barely induced cellular apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. However, co-administration of 10 mM DCA with LY294002 significantly decreased the cell proliferation index and induced cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. The combined administration of LY294002 with DCA significantly decreased lactate concentration, promoted the depolarisation of the ΔΨm and repressed HIF-1α upregulation and HK-2 activation in PASMCs treated with PDGF, which was attributed to the potentiation of DCA-induced PDK-1 inhibition by LY294002 via blockade of the Akt/GSK-3β/HIF-1α signalling pathway. In conclusion, inhibition of the Akt/GSK-3β pathway improved the pro-apoptotic effect of DCA on human PASMCs, which may be attributed to a reversal of the Warburg effect by blocking the mutual interaction between HIF-1α and PDK-1, consequently downregulating HK-2. Therefore, combinatory treatment with DCA and PI3K inhibitors may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the reversal of apoptosis resistance exhibited by PASMCs as a result of mitochondrial bioenergetic abnormalities, as well as the treatment of pulmonary vascular remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Chunfang Yu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yali Tian
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
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Jang JH, Song IH, Sung EG, Lee TJ, Kim JY. Metformin-induced apoptosis facilitates degradation of the cellular caspase 8 (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein through a caspase-dependent pathway in human renal cell carcinoma A498 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2030-2038. [PMID: 30008897 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common types of cancer in adults. Previous studies have reported that the survival rate was significantly lower for renal cancer patients with diabetes than for those without diabetes. Metformin is a well-known anti-diabetic agent used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It also inhibits cell proliferation and angiogenesis and is known to possess antitumor effects. However, the molecular mechanism for metformin-induced apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma is not understood. In the present study, treatment with metformin induced apoptosis in A498 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It was revealed that degradation of cellular caspase 8 (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and activation of procaspase-8 were associated with metformin-mediated apoptosis. By contrast, treatment with metformin did not affect the mRNA level of c-FLIPL in A498 cells. Treatment with benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor) almost completely blocked metformin-induced apoptosis and degradation of c-FLIPL protein. However, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, did not inhibit metformin-mediated apoptosis in A498 cells. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that metformin-induced apoptosis involved degradation of the c-FLIPL protein and activation of caspase-8 in human renal cell carcinoma A498 cells and suggested that metformin could be potentially used for the treatment of renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Jang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Song
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon-Gi Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
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p53 and glucose metabolism: an orchestra to be directed in cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:75-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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50
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Yang Y, Sun Y, Chen J, Bradley WE, Dell'Italia LJ, Wu H, Chen Y. AKT-independent activation of p38 MAP kinase promotes vascular calcification. Redox Biol 2018; 16:97-103. [PMID: 29495001 PMCID: PMC5952999 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients with atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress promotes pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We have previously reported that activation of AKT by oxidative stress induces vascular calcification. Using sodium dichloroacetate (DCA), a previously reported small molecule inhibitor of AKT, the present studies uncovered an AKT-independent mechanism in regulating vascular calcification. We found that DCA dose-dependently induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in vitro and aortic rings ex vivo. Furthermore, DCA markedly enhanced vascular calcification in atherosclerotic ApoE knockout mice in vivo. DCA-induced VSMC calcification was associated with increased Runx2, but not via activation of AKT, a key upstream signal that upregulates Runx2 during VSMC calcification. In contrast, DCA inhibited AKT activation and induced activation of p38 MAPK in calcified atherosclerotic lesions in vivo and calcified VSMC in vitro. Using a pharmacological inhibitor and shRNA for p38 MAPK, we demonstrated that inhibition of p38 MAPK blocked DCA-induced Runx2 upregulation and VSMC calcification. Furthermore, Runx2 deletion attenuated DCA-induced VSMC calcification. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed association of p38 MAPK with Runx2, which was enhanced by DCA treatment. Knockdown p38 MAPK inhibited DCA-induced Runx2 transactivity, supporting the function of p38 MAPK in regulating Runx2 transactivity. Our studies have uncovered a new function of DCA in regulating vascular calcification, via AKT-independent activation of p38 MAPK. Furthermore, we have identified novel interaction between p38 MAPK and Runx2 enhances Runx2 transactivity, thus promoting VSMC calcification. These results revealed a novel signaling mechanism underlying DCA-induced vascular calcification, and offer opportunities to identify new therapeutic targets. Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients with atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress promotes pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We reported that oxidative stress-activated AKT and Runx2 promote VSMC calcification, leading to vascular calcification in atherosclerosis. DCA has been shown to inhibit AKT activation, but its effects on vascular calcification have not been investigated. The present studies have uncovered a new function of DCA in promoting vascular calcification via AKT-independent activation of p38 MAP kinase. We have also elucidated that the interaction of p38 MAPK with Runx2 enhances Runx2 transactivity, and thus promoting VSMC calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, 614 Shelby Biomedical Research Building, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, 614 Shelby Biomedical Research Building, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianye Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, 614 Shelby Biomedical Research Building, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | | | - Hui Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, 614 Shelby Biomedical Research Building, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Research Department, Veterans Affairs Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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