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Association of birth weight with cancer risk: a dose-response meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04171-2. [PMID: 36030285 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several articles have shown that birth weight is associated with the risk of many types of cancers. However, the results are inconsistent, and whether the relationship has a causal effect remains unknown. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Embase libraries up to March 2021 and selected observational studies reporting the relationship between birth weight and adult-onset cancer risk. Dose-response meta-analysis and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis were used to estimate the effect. RESULT In our dose-response meta-analysis, six cancers from 46 studies were found to have significant associations with birth weight. (Ovarian cancer: RR: 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.44; breast cancer: RR: 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.16; colorectal cancer: RR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.43; endometrial cancer: RR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.78-0.93; prostate cancer: RR: 1.27, 95% CI 1.01-1.61; testicular cancer: RR: 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.43). As birth weight increased, the slope of the dose-response curve of breast cancer increased continuously, and the curve of testicular cancer was U-shaped. In the MR study, seven cancers were included. Only invasive mucinous ovarian cancer was found to have a causal effect on birth weight (OR: 0.62; 95% CI 0.39-0.97), while other cancers did not. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that birth weight are unlikely to have a casual effect on risk of cancers via the MR analysis, although the dose-response meta-analysis shows that there is a nonlinear relationship between birth weight and breast cancer and testicular cancer. More relevant researches are needed to further investigate their effect.
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Sandvei MS, Opdahl S, Valla M, Lagiou P, Vesterfjell EV, Rise TV, Overrein TS, Skjervold AH, Engstrøm MJ, Bofin AM, Vatten LJ. The association of women's birth size with risk of molecular breast cancer subtypes: a cohort study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:299. [PMID: 33757450 PMCID: PMC7989032 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because birth size appears to be positively associated with breast cancer risk, we have studied whether this risk may differ according to molecular breast cancer subtypes. Methods A cohort of 22,931 women born 1920–1966 were followed up for breast cancer occurrence from 1961 to 2012, and 870 were diagnosed during follow-up. Archival diagnostic material from 537 patients was available to determine molecular breast cancer subtype, specified as Luminal A, Luminal B (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-), Luminal B (HER2+), HER2 type, and Triple negative (TN) breast cancer. Information on the women’s birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each molecular subtype, applying Cox regression, and stratified by maternal height. Results Birth length (per 2 cm increments) was positively associated with Luminal A (HR = 1.2, 95% CI, 1.0–1.3), Luminal B (HER2+) (HR = 1.3, 95% CI, 1.0–1.7), and TN breast cancer (HR = 1.4, 95% CI, 1.0–1.9). No clear association was found for birth weight and head circumference. The positive associations of birth length were restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall (above population median). Conclusion We found a positive association of birth length with risk of Luminal A, Luminal B (HER2+) and TN breast cancer that appears to be restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall. This may support the hypothesis that breast cancer risk is influenced by determinants of longitudinal growth and that this finding deserves further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S Sandvei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,The Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Opdahl
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Valla
- NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, Goudi, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Ellen Veronika Vesterfjell
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor Vikan Rise
- NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tina Syvertsen Overrein
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim University Hospital, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anette H Skjervold
- NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monica J Engstrøm
- NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna M Bofin
- NTNU, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars J Vatten
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Post box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Denic S, Agarwal MM. Breast cancer protection by genomic imprinting in close kin families. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:136. [PMID: 29157216 PMCID: PMC5696730 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human inbreeding generally reduces breast cancer risk (BCR). When the parents are biologically related, their infants have a lower birth weight due to smaller body organs. The undersized breasts, because of fewer mammary stem cells, have a lower likelihood of malignant conversion. Fetal growth is regulated by genomically imprinted genes which are in conflict; they promote growth when derived from the father and suppress growth when derived from the mother. The kinship theory explicates that the intensity of conflict between these genes affects growth and therefore the size of the newborn. In descendants of closely related parents, this gene clash is less resulting in a smaller infant. In this review, we elucidate the different mechanisms by which human inbreeding affects BCR, and why this risk is dissimilar in different inbred populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Denic
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Mukesh M Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, California University of Science and Medicine, 217 E Club Center Drive, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
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Hajiebrahimi M, Bahmanyar S, Öberg S, Iliadou AN, Cnattingius S. Breast cancer risk in opposite-sexed twins: influence of birth weight and co-twin birth weight. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:1833-6. [PMID: 24231452 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most, but not all, studies report a positive association between birth weight, as an indirect marker of prenatal hormone exposure, and offspring breast cancer risk, particularly premenopausal breast cancer. Females from opposite-sexed twin pairs may also be prenatally exposed to androgens from their twin brothers. A Swedish study of opposite-sexed twins with a small sample size found a very strong positive association between female birth weight and breast cancer risk. In this case-control study, nested within a cohort of female opposite-sexed twins, we included 543 breast cancer case subjects diagnosed in the period from 1972 to 2008 and 2715 matched control subjects. Conditional logistic regression estimated the breast cancer risk associated with birth weight and other birth characteristics, including gestational age and co-twin birth weight. All statistical tests were two-sided. There was no association between birth weight (odds ratio = 1.01; 95% confidence interval = 0.70 to 1.46) or twin brother's birth weight and risk of breast cancer, which suggests the previously reported strong positive association may have been a chance finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Hajiebrahimi
- Affiliations of authors: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine (MH, SB, SC), Center for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine (SB), and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (ANI), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (SO); Faculty of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran (MH, SB)
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Suzuki R, Saji S, Toi M. Impact of body mass index on breast cancer in accordance with the life-stage of women. Front Oncol 2012; 2:123. [PMID: 23061041 PMCID: PMC3463802 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large amount of epidemiological evidence suggests that the impact of body weight on breast cancer risk should be heterogeneous throughout the life-stage of women. At birth, high weight has been positively associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. While, the body mass index (a relative body weight; BMI kg/m2) has been inversely associated with breast cancer risk among pre-menopausal women. The inverse trend had been observed in both Western and Asian population, with a relatively lower percentage of obesity and higher percentage of leanness, suggested that the inverse trend could be explained not only by the protective impact due to obesity, but also by the increased risk of breast cancer due to leanness. Among post-menopausal women, however, an elevated BMI has been positively associated with the development of breast cancer, particularly in the cases of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and progesterone receptor-positive (PR+) tumors. Currently, the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous impacts between BMI on breast cancer risk and the life-stage of women remain poorly understood. We reviewed several proposed biological mechanisms that may contribute to the various impacts of relative body weight on breast cancer risk across life-stage. We also discussed the impact of BMI upon the outcome of endocrine therapy, particularly for aromatase inhibitor, in breast cancer patients. To prevent breast cancer incidence and recurrence, the desirable BMI of women may differ throughout their life-stage. To define the underlying mechanism for the various impacts of BMI in the context of breast cancer across various female life stages, further studies will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Suzuki
- Division of Medical Nutrition, Department of Healthcare, Tokyo Health Care University Tokyo, Japan
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Han D, Nie J, Bonner MR, Ambrosone C, Marian C, Shields P, Trevisan M, Edge SB, Freudenheim JL. Clustering of place of birth for women with breast cancer: differences by tumor characteristics. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 24:587-94. [PMID: 22644665 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing evidence that exposures in early life affect breast cancer risk, and that breast cancer etiology differs by tumor subtype. If environmental exposures in early life contribute to risk, it is expected that there would be clustering of women with breast cancer by their place of birth, and that clustering might differ by subtype. We examined spatial associations between place of birth and breast cancer by subtype, using hormone receptor status and molecular profiles of breast tumors. METHODS Data were drawn from the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer study, a population-based case-control study of incident, pathologically confirmed breast cancer (1996-2001) in Erie and Niagara Counties. Included were women born in the study area (579 cases and 931 controls). Clustering of breast cancer subgroups relative to controls was examined by the k-function method in groups stratified by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 status, and by DNA methylation status and p53 mutation status, and the k-function difference was used to compare relative spatial aggregation and spatial range of the difference between case subgroups and controls. RESULTS We found a tendency to cluster among ER positive, PR positive, and HER2 negative cases (i.e., luminal A subtype), especially among premenopausal women, but not among the other groups defined by hormonal receptor status, or by either methylation or p53 mutation status. CONCLUSIONS While our findings cannot rule out clustering of cases by birth place because of shared behaviors related to residence location, they also suggest that early life environmental exposures may affect subsequent breast cancer risk, and that premenopausal breast tumors of the luminal A subtype may be more affected by these early life exposures than other subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daikwon Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M School of Rural Public Health, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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