Small Talk: A Community Research Collaboration to Increase Parental Provision of Language to Children

How Do Public Library Partnerships Impact Health? A Scoping Review

During the past decade, public libraries have been framed as key health promotion partners for everything from telemedicine to the opioid crisis. This study's goal was to evaluate the impacts of health promotion initiatives involving public libraries as collaborators. Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a search of three databases (PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and Library and information science abstracts (LISA)) for articles written in English referencing "health" and "public libraries" returned 985 unique citations, of which 67 papers were selected for review, based on the criteria of being peer-reviewed articles on health initiatives involving public libraries. All studies were published between 1957 and 2023, with 88% published in the 2000's, and 76% conducted in the United States. Most studies consisted of descriptive accounts of health promotion initiatives, with minimal reporting of outcome measures for the populations targeted. Better understanding the impacts of health promotion initiatives involving public libraries requires more rigorous assessment mechanisms, and the long-term success of these partnerships depends on stronger and sustained linkages between those working in health and those working in libraries, particularly public libraries.

Early Parental Knowledge and Parent-Child Conversations Promote Preschool Language Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE

This randomized controlled trial examined the long-term impact of the 3Ts-HV intervention on preschool-aged children's language skills through promoting parental knowledge and parent-child conversational turns during toddlerhood among families from low-socioeconomic status backgrounds, controlling for parental education level, parental language skills, and child's age.

METHODS

Ninety two parent-toddler dyads of low socioeconomic status were randomized to receive either the 3Ts-HV intervention (n = 46) or Healthy Lifestyle control (n = 46) curriculum from 14 to 20 months. Parental language skills were assessed at 14 months; parental knowledge was assessed at 14 and 26 months; parent-child conversational turn count was assessed at 14 and 38 months; children's language skills were assessed at 50 months.

RESULTS

A significant serial mediation effect (β = 0.05, 95% CI [0.002; 0.13]) revealed that the 3Ts-HV intervention increased parental knowledge at 26 months, contributed to more frequent parent-child conversational turns at 38 months, and in turn promoted children's language skills at 50 months.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study provides empirical evidence illustrating the underlying longitudinal processes from increasing parental knowledge and enriching parent-child linguistic interactions during toddlerhood, to promoting children's language development at preschool age. These findings point to a significant path to supporting families who face socioeconomic challenges early in life to promote equity in children's early language experiences and narrow disparities in children's developmental outcomes.

Investigating Children's Interactions in Preschool Classrooms: An Overview of Research Using Automated Sensing Technologies

New technologies that combine digital sensors with automated processing algorithms are now being deployed to study preschool classrooms. This article provides an overview of these new sensing technologies, focusing on automated speaker classification, the analysis of children's and teachers' speech, and the detection and analysis of their movements over the course of the school day. Findings from recent studies utilizing these technologies are presented to illustrate the contribution of these sensing technologies to our understanding of classroom processes that predict children's language and social development. In particular, the potential to collect extended real-time data on the speech and movement of all children and teachers in a classroom provides a broader window on the variability of individual children's interactions with peers and teachers and their integration into classroom social networks. The article describes current challenges related to the use of sensing technologies in preschool settings, as well as advances that may overcome these challenges and allow for more in-depth investigations of children's early classroom experiences.

Parent education to improve early language development: A preliminary evaluation of LENA StartTM

Parents play an important role in creating home language environments that promote language development. A nonequivalent group design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based implementation of LENA Start™, a parent-training program aimed at increasing the quantity of adult words (AWC) and conversational turns (CT). Parent-child dyads participated in LENA Start™ (n = 39) or a generic parent education program (n = 17). Overall, attendance and engagement in the LENA StartTM program were high: 72% of participants met criteria to graduate from the program. Within-subject gains were positive for LENA Start™ families. Comparison families declined on these measures. However, both effects were non-significant. Between-group analyses revealed small to medium-sized effects favoring LENA Start™ and these were significant for child vocalizations (CV) and CT but not AWC. These results provide preliminary evidence that programs like LENA StartTM can be embedded in community-based settings to promote quality parent-child language interactions.

Transdisciplinary Translational Science for Youth Health and Wellness: Introduction to a Special Issue

Background

Transdisciplinary translational science applies interdisciplinary approaches to the generation of novel concepts, theories and methods involving collaborations among academic and non-academic partners, in order to advance the translation of science into broader community practice.

Objective

This paper introduces a special issue on transdisciplinary translational science for youth health and wellness. We provide an overview of relevant research paradigms, share the related goals of the Iowa State University Translational Research Network (U-TuRN), and introduce the specific papers in the issue.

Method

Authors were asked to submit empirical reports, programmatic reviews or policy-related papers that examined youth health issues from a transdisciplinary translational perspective.

Results

The papers included in this special issue each involve direct and fully-integrated community-university partnerships and collaborations between academic and non-academic partners in scholarship and research. Reports emphasize the value of the applied nature of the work with a research agenda driven primarily by real-world health and social needs.

Conclusions

There is growing acceptance of the need for transdisciplinary, community-university collaborative research approaches as a means to meet both the requirements posed by real-world problems as well as goals of advancing scientific knowledge and innovation. In this issue, readers will find papers that show the promise of rethinking existing conceptual frameworks to incorporate transdisciplinary approaches as a catalyst to addressing translational science questions related to the field of children and youth care.