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Matsuka Y, Afroz S, Dalanon JC, Iwasa T, Waskitho A, Oshima M. The role of chemical transmitters in neuron-glia interaction and pain in sensory ganglion. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:393-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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He Y, Fan W, Xu Y, Liu YL, He H, Huang F. Distribution and colocalization of melatonin 1a-receptor and NADPH-d in the trigeminal system of rat. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6877. [PMID: 31106073 PMCID: PMC6500374 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in orofacial signal processing in the trigeminal sensory system. The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of melatonin 1a-receptor (MT1) and its colocalization with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN), the trigeminal ganglion (TG), and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) in the rat, using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Our results show that MT1-positive neurons are widely distributed in the TG and the subnucleus caudalis of the STN. Furthermore, we found that MT1 colocalizes with NADPH-d throughout the TG and MTN, most extensively in the TG. The distribution pattern of MT1 and its colocalization with NADPH-d indicate that melatonin might play an important role in the trigeminal sensory system, which could be responsible for the regulation of NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liang Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu H, Zhao L, Gu W, Liu Q, Gao Z, Zhu X, Wu Z, He H, Huang F, Fan W. Activation of satellite glial cells in trigeminal ganglion following dental injury and inflammation. J Mol Histol 2018. [PMID: 29516260 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs), a peripheral neuroglial cell, surround neurons and form a complete envelope around individual sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG), which may be involved in modulating neurons in inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dental injury and inflammation on SGCs in the TG. Pulp exposure (PX) was performed on the first maxillary molar of 28 rats. The neurons innervating injured tooth in TG were labeled by the retrograde transport of fluoro-gold (FG). Specimens were collected at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after PX and stained immunohistochemically for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), a marker of SGCs activation, in the TG. We observed that GFAP-immunoreactivity (IR) SGCs enclosed FG-labeled neurons increased in a time-dependent manner after PX. The neurons surrounded by GFAP-IR SGCs were mainly small and medium in size. The GFAP-IR SGCs encircled neurons increased significantly in the maxillary nerve region of the TG at 7-28 days following PX. The results show that dental injury and inflammation induced SGCs activation in the TG. It indicates that activation of SGCs might be implicated in the peripheral mechanisms of pain following dental injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wenzhen Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhixiong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Gamper N, Ooi L. Redox and nitric oxide-mediated regulation of sensory neuron ion channel function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:486-504. [PMID: 24735331 PMCID: PMC4323017 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) can intimately control neuronal excitability and synaptic strength by regulating the function of many ion channels. In peripheral sensory neurons, such regulation contributes towards the control of somatosensory processing; therefore, understanding the mechanisms of such regulation is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies and for the treatment of sensory dysfunctions, such as chronic pain. RECENT ADVANCES Tremendous progress in deciphering nitric oxide (NO) and ROS signaling in the nervous system has been made in recent decades. This includes the recognition of these molecules as important second messengers and the elucidation of their metabolic pathways and cellular targets. Mounting evidence suggests that these targets include many ion channels which can be directly or indirectly modulated by ROS and NO. However, the mechanisms specific to sensory neurons are still poorly understood. This review will therefore summarize recent findings that highlight the complex nature of the signaling pathways involved in redox/NO regulation of sensory neuron ion channels and excitability; references to redox mechanisms described in other neuron types will be made where necessary. CRITICAL ISSUES The complexity and interplay within the redox, NO, and other gasotransmitter modulation of protein function are still largely unresolved. Issues of specificity and intracellular localization of these signaling cascades will also be addressed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Since our understanding of ROS and RNS signaling in sensory neurons is limited, there is a multitude of future directions; one of the most important issues for further study is the establishment of the exact roles that these signaling pathways play in pain processing and the translation of this understanding into new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gamper
- 1 Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
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Petho G, Reeh PW. Sensory and signaling mechanisms of bradykinin, eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide in peripheral nociceptors. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1699-775. [PMID: 23073630 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral mediators can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and its concomitants (hyperalgesia and allodynia) via two mechanisms. Activation or excitation by these substances of nociceptive nerve endings or fibers implicates generation of action potentials which then travel to the central nervous system and may induce pain sensation. Sensitization of nociceptors refers to their increased responsiveness to either thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli that may be translated to corresponding hyperalgesias. This review aims to give an account of the excitatory and sensitizing actions of inflammatory mediators including bradykinin, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide on nociceptive primary afferent neurons. Manifestations, receptor molecules, and intracellular signaling mechanisms of the effects of these mediators are discussed in detail. With regard to signaling, most data reported have been obtained from transfected nonneuronal cells and somata of cultured sensory neurons as these structures are more accessible to direct study of sensory and signal transduction. The peripheral processes of sensory neurons, where painful stimuli actually affect the nociceptors in vivo, show marked differences with respect to biophysics, ultrastructure, and equipment with receptors and ion channels compared with cellular models. Therefore, an effort was made to highlight signaling mechanisms for which supporting data from molecular, cellular, and behavioral models are consistent with findings that reflect properties of peripheral nociceptive nerve endings. Identified molecular elements of these signaling pathways may serve as validated targets for development of novel types of analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Petho
- Pharmacodynamics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Fan W, Huang F, Wu Z, Zhu X, Li D, He H. The role of nitric oxide in orofacial pain. Nitric Oxide 2011; 26:32-7. [PMID: 22138296 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical gas that has been shown to be produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in different cell types and recognized to act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the nervous system. NOS isoforms are expressed and/or can be induced in the related structures of trigeminal nerve system, in which the regulation of NOS biosynthesis at different levels of gene expression may allow for a fine control of NO production. Several lines of evidence suggest that NO may play a role through multiple mechanisms in orofacial pain processing. This report will review the latest evidence for the role of NO involved in orofacial pain and the potential cellular mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguo Fan
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Canzobre MC, Ríos H. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate/neuronal nitric oxide synthase-positive neurons in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis involved in tooth pulp nociception. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:1478-88. [PMID: 21608012 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensory information on facial structures, including teeth pulp, periodontium, and gingiva, is relayed in the trigeminal complex. Tooth pulp inflammation constitutes a common clinical problem, and this peripheral injury can induce neuroplastic changes in trigeminal nociceptive neurons. There is considerable evidence that the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) is the principal relay for trigeminal nociceptive information as well as modulation of the painful stimuli. Glutamatergic primary afferents innervating the tooth pulp project to the most superficial laminae of the Vc. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor stimulation leads to the activation of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which synthesizes the free radical nitric oxide (NO). This enzyme is expressed mainly in lamina II interneurons, and in a small number of cells in lamina I as well as in deep laminae projection neurons of Vc. In the present study, we analyzed the temporal changes in neuronal NOS (nNOS) in Vc local circuitries after unilateral intermediate molar pulp injury. Our results demonstrate that a peripheral dental pulp injury leads to neuroplastic changes in the relative amount and activity of nNOS enzyme. Moreover, after a period of time, the nitrergic system shifts to the initial values, independently of the persistence of inflammation in the pulp tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela C Canzobre
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias Prof. E. De Robertis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Isaak A, Ellrich J. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is involved in the induction of nerve growth factor-induced neck muscle nociception. Headache 2011; 51:734-43. [PMID: 21434910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck muscle nociception mediated by nitric oxide may play a role in the pathophysiology of tension-type headache. OBJECTIVE The present study addresses the involvement of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the facilitation of neck muscle nociception after local application of nerve growth factor (NGF). METHODS After administration of NGF into semispinal neck muscles, the impact of neck muscle noxious input on brainstem processing was monitored by the jaw-opening reflex in anesthetized mice. The modulatory effect of preceding and subsequent administration of an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase on central facilitation was addressed in a controlled study. RESULTS With preceding i.p. application of saline or 0.096 mg/kg of the specific nNOS inhibitor Nω-propyl-L-arginine (NPLA), NGF induced a sustained reflex facilitation within 60 minutes. Preceding injection of 0.96 mg/kg or 1.92 mg/kg NPLA completely prevented the potentially facilitatory effect of NGF. Subsequent administration of 0.96 mg/kg NPLA did not affect established NGF-evoked reflex facilitation. Thus, NPLA prevents facilitation of brainstem processing by noxious myofascial input from neck muscles in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that nNOS is involved in the induction but not the maintenance of NGF-evoked facilitation of nociception in the brainstem. These results from an experimental animal model may support the idea of NOS and nNOS as potential targets for pharmacological treatment of tension-type headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Isaak
- Experimental Neurosurgery Section, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Fan W, Huang F, Dong W, Gao Z, Li C, Zhu X, Li D, He H. Distribution of heme oxygenase-2 and NADPH-diaphorase in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat. J Mol Histol 2009; 40:209-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-009-9232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Expression and colocalization of NADPH-diaphorase and heme oxygenase-2 in trigeminal ganglion and mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the rat. J Mol Histol 2008; 39:427-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-008-9181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lazarov NE. Neurobiology of orofacial proprioception. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:362-83. [PMID: 17915334 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary sensory fibers innervating the head region derive from neurons of both the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN). The trigeminal primary proprioceptors have their cell bodies in the MTN. Unlike the TG cells, MTN neuronal somata are centrally located within the brainstem and receive synaptic inputs that potentially modify their output. They are a crucial component of the neural circuitry responsible for the generation and control of oromotor activities. Gaining an insight into the chemical neuroanatomy of the MTN is, therefore, of fundamental importance for the understanding of neurobiology of the head proprioceptive system. This paper summarizes the recent advances in our knowledge of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms related to orofacial proprioceptive signaling in mammals. It first briefly describes the neuroanatomy of the MTN, which is involved in the processing of proprioceptive information from the face and oral cavity, and then focuses on its neurochemistry. In order to solve the puzzle of the chemical coding of the mammalian MTN, we review the expression of classical neurotransmitters and their receptors in mesencephalic trigeminal neurons. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship of neuropeptides and their corresponding receptors in relaying of masticatory proprioception and also refer to the interactions with other atypical neuromessengers and neurotrophic factors. In extension of previous inferences, we provide conclusive evidence that the levels of transmitters vary according to the environmental conditions thus implying the neuroplasticity of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons. Finally, we have also tried to give an integrated functional account of the MTN neurochemical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai E Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, 2, Zdrave Street, BG-1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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