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Song Q, Cui Q, Sun S, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang L. Crosstalk Between Cell Death and Spinal Cord Injury: Neurology and Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04188-3. [PMID: 38713439 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to neurological dysfunction, and neuronal cell death is one of the main causes of neurological dysfunction. After SCI, in addition to necrosis, programmed cell death (PCD) occurs in nerve cells. At first, studies recognized only necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. In recent years, researchers have identified new forms of PCD, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Related studies have confirmed that all of these cell death modes are involved in various phases of SCI and affect the direction of the disease through different mechanisms and pathways. Furthermore, regulating neuronal cell death after SCI through various means has been proven to be beneficial for the recovery of neural function. In recent years, emerging therapies for SCI have also provided new potential methods to restore neural function. Thus, the relationship between SCI and cell death plays an important role in the occurrence and development of SCI. This review summarizes and generalizes the relevant research results on neuronal necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis after SCI to provide a new understanding of neuronal cell death after SCI and to aid in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Song
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Yashi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China.
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Salimi R, Naderi R, Shirpoor A. Involvement of miR-27a/smurf1/ TNF-α and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: The protective effect of chlorogenic acid. Neurosci Lett 2023; 817:137529. [PMID: 37871828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Apoptosis may contribute to a considerable proportion of neuron death after acute cerebral ischemia, although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion on miR-27a/smurf1 axis in rat cerebral cortex alone and in combination with chlorogenic acid. METHODS To create a model of ischemic brain injury, nylon monofilament occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCAO) was used for 20 min. Chlorogenic acid (30 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally (ip) 10 min before ischemia and 10 min before reperfusion. RESULTS TUNEL staining of cerebral cortex neurons revealed an increase in the number of apoptotic neurons 24 h after reperfusion. At the molecular level, IR damage lowered bcl2 protein expression while simultaneously increasing bax levels and the bax/bcl2 ratio. Also, we observed higher miR-27a gene expression and higher TNF-α protein level as well as lower smurf1 protein expression after 24 h following CCAO. Treatment with chlorogenic acid significantly reduced the apoptotic damage and reversed molecular alterations in cerebral cortex neurons after IR. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that miR-27a/smurf1/TNF-α axis may play a regulatory function in cerebral cortex cell death, providing a new target for novel therapeutic approaches during transit ischemic stroke. It was also shown that chlorogenic acid could restore these molecular changes, demonstrating that it is an effective agent against cerebral cortex apoptotic damage after acute IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Salimi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Alireza Shirpoor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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3
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Lin Z, Li S, Xiao H, Xu Z, Li C, Zeng J, Wang S, Liu Z, Huang H. The degradation of TGR5 mediated by Smurf1 contributes to diabetic nephropathy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112851. [PMID: 37481723 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple roles of TGR5 in the regulation of glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress have drawn attention as therapeutic candidates for diabetes-related kidney disease. However, diabetes induces downregulation of renal TGR5 protein expression, and the regulatory mechanisms have not been clarified. Here, we identify that Smurf1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a critical interactor of TGR5 and mediates the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TGR5 under high glucose stimulation in glomerular mesangial cells. Genetic deficiency of Smurf1 restores TGR5 protein expression and attenuates renal injuries in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, Smurf1 interacts with the TGR5 ICL2 region by its HECT domain and induces K11/K48-linked polyubiquitination of TGR5 at K306 residue. Moreover, restoration of TGR5 protects db/db mice from diabetic nephropathy. These observations elucidate the critical role of Smurf1 in regulating TGR5 stability, suggesting that pharmacological targeting of the interaction between Smurf1 and TGR5 could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Lin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiming Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhanchi Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuting Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingran Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaogui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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4
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Guha L, Singh N, Kumar H. Different Ways to Die: Cell Death Pathways and Their Association With Spinal Cord Injury. Neurospine 2023; 20:430-448. [PMID: 37401061 PMCID: PMC10323345 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244976.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a systematic/nonsystematic process of cessation of normal morphology and functional properties of the cell to replace and recycle old cells with new also promoting inflammation in some cases. It is a complicated process comprising multiple pathways. Some are well-explored, and others have just begun to be. The research on appropriate control of cell death pathways after acute and chronic damage of neuronal cells is being widely researched today due to the lack of regeneration and recovering potential of a neuronal cell after sustaining damage and the inability to control the direction of neuronal growth. In the progression and onset of various neurological diseases, impairments in programmed cell death signaling processes, like necroptosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and pathways directly or indirectly linked, like autophagy as in nonprogrammed necrosis, are observed. Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves the temporary or permanent disruption of motor activities due to the death of a neuronal and glial cell in the spinal cord accompanied by axonal degeneration. Recent years have seen a significant increase in research on the intricate biochemical interactions that occur after a SCI. Different cell death pathways may significantly impact the subsequent damage processes that lead to the eventual neurological deficiency after an injury to the spinal cord. A better knowledge of the molecular basis of the involved cell death pathways might help enhance neuronal and glial survival and neurological deficits, promoting a curative path for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahanya Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Gupta R, Kumari S, Tripathi R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Unwinding the modalities of necrosome activation and necroptosis machinery in neurological diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101855. [PMID: 36681250 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a regulated form of cell death, is involved in the genesis and development of various life-threatening diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, cardiac myopathy, and diabetes. Necroptosis initiates with the formation and activation of a necrosome complex, which consists of RIPK1, RIPK2, RIPK3, and MLKL. Emerging studies has demonstrated the regulation of the necroptosis cell death pathway through the implication of numerous post-translational modifications, namely ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation, SUMOylation, hydroxylation, and others. In addition, the negative regulation of the necroptosis pathway has been shown to interfere with brain homeostasis through the regulation of axonal degeneration, mitochondrial dynamics, lysosomal defects, and inflammatory response. Necroptosis is controlled by the activity and expression of signaling molecules, namely VEGF/VEGFR, PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), ERK/MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin. Herein, we briefly discussed the implication and potential of necrosome activation in the pathogenesis and progression of neurological manifestations, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and others. Further, we present a detailed picture of natural compounds, micro-RNAs, and chemical compounds as therapeutic agents for treating neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India.
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6
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Han Z, Mou Z, Jing Y, Jiang R, Sun T. CircSmox knockdown alleviates PC12 cell apoptosis and inflammation in spinal cord injury by miR-340-5p/Smurf1 axis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e824. [PMID: 37102659 PMCID: PMC10091371 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic central nervous system disorder that leads to irreversible neurological dysfunction. Emerging evidence has shown that differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) after SCI is closely associated with the pathophysiological process. Herein, the potential function of circRNA spermine oxidase (circSmox) in functional recovery after SCI was investigated. METHODS Differentiated PC12 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were employed as an in vitro model for neurotoxicity research. Levels of genes and proteins were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein level of apoptosis-related markers. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Dual-luciferase reporter, RIP, and pull-down assays were used to confirm the target relationship between miR-340-5p and circSmox or Smurf1 (SMAD Specific E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1). RESULTS LPS elevated the levels of circSmox and Smurf1, but decreased the levels of miR-340-5p in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Functionally, circSmox silencing alleviated LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in PC12 cells in vitro. Mechanistically, circSmox directly sponged miR-340-5p, which targeted Smurf1. Rescue experiments showed that miR-340-5p inhibition attenuated the neuroprotective effect of circSmox siRNA in PC12 cells. Moreover, miR-340-5p suppressed LPS-triggered neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, which was reversed by Smurf1 overexpression. CONCLUSION CircSmox enhances LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation via miR-340-5p/Smurf1 axis, providing an exciting view of the potential involvement of circSmox in SCI pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Han
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zufang Mou
- Department of Nosocomial Infection, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yulong Jing
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
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7
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Inhibition of Neural Stem Cell Necroptosis Mediated by RIPK1/MLKL Promotes Functional Recovery After SCI. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2135-2149. [PMID: 36602703 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) are a new therapeutic strategy for the noninvasive repair of spinal cord injury (SCI). Necroptosis is a necrosome-dependent cell death process that serves as a significant regulatory mechanism in SCI. Current research shows that neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes all undergo necroptosis after SCI. However, it is unclear whether eNSCs are associated with necroptosis after SCI. By performing immunofluorescence analysis, we found that eNSCs undergo necroptosis during spinal cord injury repair in mice. Our present work demonstrates that receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) are involved in necroptosis pathway in SCI mice. In vitro, the necroptosis induced by TNF-α/Smac-mimetic/Z-VAD-FMK (TSZ) treatment regulates phenotype of NSCs. In detail, the proliferative capacity of NSCs was significantly decreased in the presence of continual TSZ treatment, and the transcription of proinflammatory genes was upregulated, while the transcription of neurotrophic factors was inhibited. NSCs exhibited an obvious tendency to differentiate into glial cells under short-duration TSZ stimulation (6 h and 12 h); as the stimulus duration increased (24 h), the differentiation ability of the NSCs was significantly inhibited. These phenotypic changes are not conducive to neural cell survival and neural repair. Moreover, we examined the effect of necroptosis inhibitors on TSZ-treated NSCs. Necrostatin-1 and necrosulfonamide significantly reduced the necroptosis of NSCs after TSZ treatment and improved the phenotypic function of NSCs under TSZ stimulation. In additional in vivo experiments, after 2 weeks of administration, the necroptosis inhibitors reduced the necroptosis of NSCs and improved functional recovery in SCI mice. Taken together, these data indicate that the inhibition of NSC necroptosis with necroptosis inhibitors facilitates survival and phenotype maintenance in vitro and contributes to neuroprotection and repair in vivo. Our findings suggest that blocking necroptosis of eNSCs may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating SCI.
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Jayaraman A, Reynolds R. Diverse pathways to neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5428-5441. [PMID: 35377966 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis, or programmed necrosis, involves the kinase activity of receptor interacting kinases 1 and 3, the activation of the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like and formation of a complex called the necrosome. It is one of the non-apoptotic cell death pathways that has gained interest in the recent years, especially as a neuronal cell death pathway occurring in Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we focus our discussion on the various molecular mechanisms that could trigger neuronal death through necroptosis and have been shown to play a role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and neuroinflammation. We describe how each of these pathways, such as tumour necrosis factor signalling, reactive oxygen species, endosomal sorting complex, post-translational modifications and certain individual molecules, is dysregulated or activated in Alzheimer's disease, and how this dysregulation/activation could trigger necroptosis. At the cellular level, many of these molecular mechanisms and pathways may act in parallel to synergize with each other or inhibit one another, and changes in the balance between them may determine different cellular vulnerabilities at different disease stages. However, from a therapeutic standpoint, it remains unclear how best to target one or more of these pathways, given that such diverse pathways could all contribute to necroptotic cell death in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Jayaraman
- Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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9
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Haouari S, Vourc’h P, Jeanne M, Marouillat S, Veyrat-Durebex C, Lanznaster D, Laumonnier F, Corcia P, Blasco H, Andres CR. The Roles of NEDD4 Subfamily of HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Neurodevelopment and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073882. [PMID: 35409239 PMCID: PMC8999422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin pathway regulates the function of many proteins and controls cellular protein homeostasis. In recent years, it has attracted great interest in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we have presented the first review on the roles of the 9 proteins of the HECT E3 ligase NEDD4 subfamily in the development and function of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). We discussed their regulation and their direct or indirect involvement in neurodevelopmental diseases, such as intellectual disability, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Further studies on the roles of these proteins, their regulation and their targets in neurons will certainly contribute to a better understanding of neuronal function and dysfunction, and will also provide interesting information for the development of therapeutics targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanez Haouari
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37044 Tours, France; (S.H.); (M.J.); (S.M.); (C.V.-D.); (D.L.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (H.B.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Patrick Vourc’h
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37044 Tours, France; (S.H.); (M.J.); (S.M.); (C.V.-D.); (D.L.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (H.B.); (C.R.A.)
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37044 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-34-37-89-10; Fax: +33-(0)2-47-36-61-85
| | - Médéric Jeanne
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37044 Tours, France; (S.H.); (M.J.); (S.M.); (C.V.-D.); (D.L.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (H.B.); (C.R.A.)
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Génétique, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Sylviane Marouillat
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37044 Tours, France; (S.H.); (M.J.); (S.M.); (C.V.-D.); (D.L.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (H.B.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Charlotte Veyrat-Durebex
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37044 Tours, France; (S.H.); (M.J.); (S.M.); (C.V.-D.); (D.L.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (H.B.); (C.R.A.)
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Débora Lanznaster
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37044 Tours, France; (S.H.); (M.J.); (S.M.); (C.V.-D.); (D.L.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (H.B.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37044 Tours, France; (S.H.); (M.J.); (S.M.); (C.V.-D.); (D.L.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (H.B.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37044 Tours, France; (S.H.); (M.J.); (S.M.); (C.V.-D.); (D.L.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (H.B.); (C.R.A.)
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Neurologie, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37044 Tours, France; (S.H.); (M.J.); (S.M.); (C.V.-D.); (D.L.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (H.B.); (C.R.A.)
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Christian R. Andres
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37044 Tours, France; (S.H.); (M.J.); (S.M.); (C.V.-D.); (D.L.); (F.L.); (P.C.); (H.B.); (C.R.A.)
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37044 Tours, France
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Yan ZY, Jiao HY, Chen JB, Zhang KW, Wang XH, Jiang YM, Liu YY, Xue Z, Ma QY, Li XJ, Chen JX. Antidepressant Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Xiaoyaosan in CUMS-Induced Depressed Mouse Model via RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL Mediated Necroptosis Based on Network Pharmacology Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:773562. [PMID: 34867405 PMCID: PMC8641697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.773562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression is a stress-related disorder that seriously threatens people's physical and mental health. Xiaoyaosan is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, which has been used to treat mental depression since ancient times. More and more notice has been given to the relationship between the occurrence of necroptosis and the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Objective: The purpose of present study is to explore the potential mechanism of Xiaoyaosan for the treatment of depression using network pharmacology and experimental research, and identify the potential targets of necroptosis underlying the antidepressant mechanism of Xiaoyaosan. Methods: The mice model of depression was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 6 weeks. Adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups, including control group, chronic unpredictable mild stress group, Xiaoyaosan treatment group, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) group and solvent group. Drug intervention performed from 4th to 6th week of modeling. The mice in Xiaoyaosan treatment group received Xiaoyaosan by intragastric administration (0.254 g/kg/d), and mice in CUMS group received 0.5 ml physiological saline. Meanwhile, the mice in Nec-1 group were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with Nec-1 (10 mg/kg/d), and the equivalent volume of DMSO/PBS (8.3%) was injected into solvent group mice. The behavior tests such as sucrose preference test, forced swimming test and novelty-suppressed feeding test were measured to evaluate depressive-like behaviors of model mice. Then, the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan and the related targets of depression and necroptosis were compiled through appropriate databases, while the "botanical drugs-active ingredients-target genes" network was constructed by network pharmacology analysis. The expressions of RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, p-MLKL were detected as critical target genes of necroptosis and the potential therapeutic target compounds of Xiaoyaosan. Furthermore, the levels of neuroinflammation and microglial activation of hippocampus were measured by detecting the expressions of IL-1β, Lipocalin-2 and IBA1, and the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained was used to observe the morphology in hippocampus sections. Results: After 6-weeks of modeling, the behavioral data showed that mice in CUMS group and solvent group had obvious depressive-like behaviors, and the medication of Xiaoyaosan or Nec-1 could improve these behavioral changes. A total of 96 active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan which could regulate the 23 key target genes were selected from databases. Xiaoyaosan could alleviate the core target genes in necroptosis and improve the hippocampal function and neuroinflammation in depressed mice. Conclusion: The activation of necroptosis existed in the hippocampus of CUMS-induced mice, which was closely related to the pathogenesis of depression. The antidepressant mechanism of Xiaoyaosan included the regulation of multiple targets in necroptosis. It also suggested that necroptosis could be a new potential target for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yi Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Jiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Bei Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Wen Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Hong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - You-Ming Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Yun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Ma
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Hu X, Xu Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang X, Xu C, Ni W, Zhou K. Role of necroptosis in traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. J Adv Res 2021; 40:125-134. [PMID: 36100321 PMCID: PMC9481937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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12
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Jantas D, Lasoń W. Preclinical Evidence for the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and RIP1-Dependent Cell Death in Neurodegeneration: State of the Art and Possible Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101518. [PMID: 34679652 PMCID: PMC8532910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent chronic, age-associated neurological pathologies having a major impact on the patient’s quality of life. Despite a heavy medical, social and economic burden they pose, no causative treatment is available for these diseases. Among the important pathogenic factors contributing to neuronal loss during neurodegeneration is elevated oxidative stress resulting from a disturbed balance between endogenous prooxidant and antioxidant systems. For many years, it was thought that increased oxidative stress was a cause of neuronal cell death executed via an apoptotic mechanism. However, in recent years it has been postulated that rather programmed necrosis (necroptosis) is the key form of neuronal death in the course of neurodegenerative diseases. Such assumption was supported by biochemical and morphological features of the dying cells as well as by the fact that various necroptosis inhibitors were neuroprotective in cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the relationship between oxidative stress and RIP1-dependent necroptosis and apoptosis in the context of the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative disorders. Based on the published data mainly from cellular models of neurodegeneration linking oxidative stress and necroptosis, we postulate that administration of multipotential neuroprotectants with antioxidant and antinecroptotic properties may constitute an efficient pharmacotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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13
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Zhao K, Li R, Ruan Q, Meng C, Yin F, Zhu Q. microRNA-125b and its downstream Smurf1/KLF2/ATF2 axis as important promoters on neurological function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5924-5939. [PMID: 33951295 PMCID: PMC8256357 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of microRNA-125b (miR-125b) and its mechanism in spinal cord injury (SCI) by targeting Smurf1. After loss- and gain-function approaches were conducted in SCI rat models and neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from foetal rats, the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score was calculated, and related protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis and cell apoptosis by TUNEL staining. NSC viability was detected by CCK-8, migration abilities by Transwell assay and apoptosis by flow cytometry. The relationship between miR-125b, Smurf1 and KLF2 was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments, Co-IP and in vivo ubiquitin modification assays. Inhibition of miR-125b and KLF2 and the up-regulation of Smurf1 and ATF2 were observed in SCI rats. BBB scores were elevated, the expression of Nestin, NeuN, GFAP, NF-200 and Bcl-2 protein was enhanced but that of Bax protein was reduced, and cell apoptosis was inhibited in SCI rats after up-regulating miR-125b or silencing ATF2. Smurf1 was a target gene of miR-125b, which promoted KLF2 degradation through its E3 ubiquitin ligase function, and KLF2 repressed the expression of ATF2 in NSCs. The results in vivo were replicated in vitro. miR-125b overexpression promotes neurological function recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunchi Zhao
- Department of Spine SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Spine SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Qing Ruan
- Department of Spine SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chunyang Meng
- Department of Spine SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Spine SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Qingsan Zhu
- Department of Spine SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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14
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Xu Q, Guo J, Li X, Wang Y, Wang D, Xiao K, Zhu H, Wang X, Hu CAA, Zhang G, Liu Y. Necroptosis Underlies Hepatic Damage in a Piglet Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633830. [PMID: 33777021 PMCID: PMC7994362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necroptosis is a newly recognized form of programmed cell death with characteristics of both necrosis and apoptosis. The role of necroptosis in hepatic damage during sepsis is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of necroptosis in hepatic damage, and its contribution to hepatic damage in a piglet model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. Methods Two animal experiments were conducted. In trial 1, piglets were challenged with LPS and sacrificed at different time points after LPS challenge. In trial 2, piglets were pretreated with necrostatin-1, a specific inhibitor of necroptosis, prior to LPS challenge. Alterations in the hepatic structure and function, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and the necroptosis signaling pathway were investigated. Typical ultrastructural characteristics of cell necrosis was observed in the liver of LPS-challenged piglets. Results Expressions of critical components of necroptosis including kinases (RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL), mitochondrial proteins (PGAM5 and DRP1), and an intracellular damage-associated molecular pattern (HMGB1) were increased in the liver in a time-dependent manner, followed by hepatic inflammation, morphological damage, and dysfunction as manifested by elevated hepatic expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as increased serum AST and AKP activities and the AST/ALT ratio. Pretreatment with necrostatin-1 significantly reduced the expression of RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL as well as PGAM5, DRP1 and HMGB1, which subsequently led to obvious attenuation of hepatic inflammation and damage. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that necroptosis occurs in the liver during sepsis and contributes to septic hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangen Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Pellegrini C, Pirazzini C, Sala C, Sambati L, Yusipov I, Kalyakulina A, Ravaioli F, Kwiatkowska KM, Durso DF, Ivanchenko M, Monti D, Lodi R, Franceschi C, Cortelli P, Garagnani P, Bacalini MG. A Meta-Analysis of Brain DNA Methylation Across Sex, Age, and Alzheimer's Disease Points for Accelerated Epigenetic Aging in Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:639428. [PMID: 33790779 PMCID: PMC8006465 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.639428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by specific alterations of brain DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns. Age and sex, two major risk factors for AD, are also known to largely affect the epigenetic profiles in brain, but their contribution to AD-associated DNAm changes has been poorly investigated. In this study we considered publicly available DNAm datasets of four brain regions (temporal, frontal, entorhinal cortex, and cerebellum) from healthy adult subjects and AD patients, and performed a meta-analysis to identify sex-, age-, and AD-associated epigenetic profiles. In one of these datasets it was also possible to distinguish 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profiles. We showed that DNAm differences between males and females tend to be shared between the four brain regions, while aging differently affects cortical regions compared to cerebellum. We found that the proportion of sex-dependent probes whose methylation is modified also during aging is higher than expected, but that differences between males and females tend to be maintained, with only a few probes showing age-by-sex interaction. We did not find significant overlaps between AD- and sex-associated probes, nor disease-by-sex interaction effects. On the contrary, we found that AD-related epigenetic modifications are significantly enriched in probes whose DNAm varies with age and that there is a high concordance between the direction of changes (hyper or hypo-methylation) in aging and AD, supporting accelerated epigenetic aging in the disease. In summary, our results suggest that age-associated DNAm patterns concur to the epigenetic deregulation observed in AD, providing new insights on how advanced age enables neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pellegrini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Sala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Sambati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Igor Yusipov
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alena Kalyakulina
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Francesco Ravaioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katarzyna M. Kwiatkowska
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Danielle F. Durso
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Mikhail Ivanchenko
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio,” University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lodi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza,” Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Bacalini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Liu Z, Lv X, Yang B, Qin Q, Song E, Song Y. Tetrachlorobenzoquinone exposure triggers ferroptosis contributing to its neurotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128413. [PMID: 33017703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated quinones are representative metabolites of persistent organic pollutants. Tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) is a reactive metabolite of the widely used fungicide hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and wood preservative pentachlorophenol (PCP). Our previous studies have demonstrated that TCBQ induced neuron-like cell apoptosis in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner. Here, we found that TCBQ caused lipid peroxidation and cellular morphological changes including shrinked mitochondrial size, suggesting the involvement of a recently uncovered form of programmed cell death (PCD), ferroptosis. Indeed, we then identified that ferroptosis is a novel PCD driven by TCBQ, which was correlated with a decrease in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level and iron accumulation by altering iron metabolism. Notably, nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a negative regulator in modulating the outcomes of ferroptosis as an adaptive cellular defense response. Nrf2 activation enhanced iron storage capacity and GPX4 activity by elevating ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) expression and glutathione (GSH) level, respectively. On the contrary, Nfe2l2 (Nrf2) deficiency enhanced PC12 cells susceptibility to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Shi Z, Yuan S, Shi L, Li J, Ning G, Kong X, Feng S. Programmed cell death in spinal cord injury pathogenesis and therapy. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12992. [PMID: 33506613 PMCID: PMC7941236 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) always leads to functional deterioration due to a series of processes including cell death. In recent years, programmed cell death (PCD) is considered to be a critical process after SCI, and various forms of PCD were discovered in recent years, including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and paraptosis. Unlike necrosis, PCD is known as an active cell death mediated by a cascade of gene expression events, and it is crucial for elimination unnecessary and damaged cells, as well as a defence mechanism. Therefore, it would be meaningful to characterize the roles of PCD to not only enhance our understanding of the pathophysiological processes, but also improve functional recovery after SCI. This review will summarize and explore the most recent advances on how apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and paraptosis are involved in SCI. This review can help us to understand the various functions of PCD in the pathological processes of SCI, and contribute to our novel understanding of SCI of unknown aetiology in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyang Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahe Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
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18
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Liu Y, Xu Q, Wang Y, Liang T, Li X, Wang D, Wang X, Zhu H, Xiao K. Necroptosis is active and contributes to intestinal injury in a piglet model with lipopolysaccharide challenge. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:62. [PMID: 33431831 PMCID: PMC7801412 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a newly discovered form of programmed cell death that combines the features of apoptosis and necrosis, is important in various physiological and pathological disorders. However, the role of necroptosis on intestinal injury during sepsis has been rarely evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the presence of necroptosis in intestinal injury, and its contribution to intestinal injury in a piglet model challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Firstly, a typical cell necrotic phenomenon was observed in jejunum of LPS-challenged pigs by transmission electron microscope. Protein expression of necroptosis signals including receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP) 1, RIP3, and phosphorylated mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), mitochondrial proteins including phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), and cytoplasmic high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were time-independently increased in jejunum of LPS-challenged piglets, which was accompanied by the impairment of jejunal morphology, and digestive and barrier function indicated by lower activities of jejunal disaccharidases and protein expression of jejunal tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin. Pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were also dynamically induced in serum and jejunum of piglets after LPS challenge. Moreover, pretreatment with necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), an specific inhibitor of necroptosis, inhibited necroptosis indicated by decreased necrotic ultrastructural changes and decreased protein expression of RIP1, RIP3, and phosphorylated MLKL as well as PGAM5, DRP1, and cytoplasmic HMGB1. Nec-1 pretreatment reduced jejunal morphological injury, and improved digestive and barrier function. Nec-1 pretreatment also decreased the levels of serum and jejunal pro-inflammatory cytokines and the numbers of jejunal macrophages and monocytes. These findings indicate for the first time that necroptosis is present and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal injury. Nec-1 may have a preventive effect on intestinal injury during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 430023, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qiao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 430023, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 430023, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianzeng Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 430023, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangen Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 430023, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 430023, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 430023, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 430023, Wuhan, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 430023, Wuhan, China
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19
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Lorenz D, Maurer F, Philipp D, Albrecht F, Hüppe T, Sessler DI, Wolf B, Volk T, Kreuer S, Fink T. Changes in volatile organic compounds provoked by lipopolysaccharide- or alpha toxin-induced inflammation in ventilated rats. J Breath Res 2020; 15:016003. [PMID: 33103661 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abb449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation may alter volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. We therefore used ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to evaluate exhaled breath components in two non-infectious inflammatory models. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized and ventilated for 24 h. Five treatments were randomly assigned: (1) lipopolysaccharide low dose [5 mg/kg]; (2) lipopolysaccharide high dose [10 mg/kg]; (3) alpha toxin low dose [40 µg/kg]; (4) alpha toxin high dose [80 µg/kg]; and, (5) NaCl 0.9% as control group. Gas was sampled from the expiratory line of the ventilator every 20 min and analyzed with IMS combined with a multi-capillary column. VOCs were identified by comparison with an established database. Survival analysis was performed by log-rank test, other analyses by one-way or paired ANOVA-tests and post-hoc analysis according to Holm-Sidak. Rats given NaCl and low-dose alpha toxin survived 24 h. The median survival time in alpha toxin high-dose group was 23 (95%-confidence interval (CI): 21, 24) h. In contrast, the median survival time in rats given high-dose lipopolysaccharide was 12 (95% CI: 9, 14) and only 13 (95% CI: 10, 16) h in those given high-dose lipopolysaccharide. 73 different VOCs were detected, of which 35 were observed only in the rats, 38 could be found both in the blank measurements of ventilator air and in the exhaled air of the rats. Forty-nine of the VOCs were identifiable from a registry of compounds. Exhaled volatile compounds were comparable in each group before injection of lipopolysaccharide and alpha toxin. In the LPS groups, 1-pentanol increased and 2-propanol decreased. After alpha toxin treatment, 1-butanol and 1-pentanol increased whereas butanal and isopropylamine decreased. Induction of a non-infectious systemic inflammation (niSI) by lipopolysaccharide and alpha toxin changes VOCs in exhaled breath. Exhalome analysis may help identify niSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lorenz
- CBR - Center of Breath Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Building 57, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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20
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Liu Z, Lv X, Xu L, Liu X, Zhu X, Song E, Song Y. Zinc oxide nanoparticles effectively regulate autophagic cell death by activating autophagosome formation and interfering with their maturation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:46. [PMID: 32948194 PMCID: PMC7501661 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in the field of nanotechnology, their toxicological effects are attracting increasing attention, and the mechanisms for ZnO NPs neurotoxicity remain obscure. In an attempt to address concerns regarding neurotoxicity of ZnO NPs, we explored the relationship between free zinc ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurotoxic mechanisms in ZnO NPs-exposed PC12 cells. RESULT This study demonstrated the requirement of free zinc ions shed by ZnO NPs to over generation of intracellular ROS. Next, we identified autophagic cell death was the major mode of cell death induced by ZnO NPs, and autophagosome accumulation resulted from not only induction of autophagy, but also blockade of autophagy flux. We concluded that autophagic cell death, resulting from zinc ions-ROS-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-autophagy positive feedback loop and blockade of autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion, played a major role in the neurotoxicity of ZnO NPs. CONCLUSION Our study contributes to a better understanding of the neurotoxicity of ZnO NPs and might be useful for designing and developing new biosafety nanoparticles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Lavin KM, Ge Y, Sealfon SC, Nair VD, Wilk K, McAdam JS, Windham ST, Kumar PL, McDonald MLN, Bamman MM. Rehabilitative Impact of Exercise Training on Human Skeletal Muscle Transcriptional Programs in Parkinson's Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:653. [PMID: 32625117 PMCID: PMC7311784 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common motor neurodegenerative disease, and neuromuscular function deficits associated with PD contribute to disability. Targeting these symptoms, our laboratory has previously evaluated 16-week high-intensity resistance exercise as rehabilitative training (RT) in individuals with PD. We reported significant improvements in muscle mass, neuromuscular function (strength, power, and motor unit activation), indices of neuromuscular junction integrity, total and motor scores on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), and total and sub-scores on the 39-item PD Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39), supporting the use of RT to reverse symptoms. Our objective was to identify transcriptional networks that may contribute to RT-induced neuromuscular remodeling in PD. We generated transcriptome-wide skeletal muscle RNA-sequencing in 5 participants with PD [4M/1F, 67 ± 2 years, Hoehn and Yahr stages 2 (n = 3) and 3 (n = 2)] before and after 16-week high intensity RT to identify transcriptional networks that may in part underpin RT-induced neuromuscular remodeling in PD. Following RT, 304 genes were significantly upregulated, notably related to remodeling and nervous system/muscle development. Additionally, 402 genes, primarily negative regulators of muscle adaptation, were downregulated. We applied the recently developed Pathway-Level Information ExtractoR (PLIER) method to reveal coordinated gene programs (as latent variables, LVs) that differed in skeletal muscle among young (YA) and old (OA) healthy adults and PD (n = 12 per cohort) at baseline and in PD pre- vs. post-RT. Notably, one LV associated with angiogenesis, axon guidance, and muscle remodeling was significantly lower in PD than YA at baseline and was significantly increased by exercise. A different LV annotated to denervation, autophagy, and apoptosis was increased in both PD and OA relative to YA and was also reduced by 16-week RT in PD. Thus, this analysis identified two novel skeletal muscle transcriptional programs that are dysregulated by PD and aging, respectively. Notably, RT has a normalizing effect on both programs in individuals with PD. These results identify potential molecular transducers of the RT-induced improvements in neuromuscular remodeling and motor function that may aid in optimizing exercise rehabilitation strategies for individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Venugopalan D. Nair
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katarzyna Wilk
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Samuel T. Windham
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Preeti Lakshman Kumar
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Merry-Lynn N. McDonald
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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22
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Ji X, Guo Y, Qiu Q, Wang Z, Wang Y, Ji J, Sun Q, Cai Y, Zhou G. [Molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of propofol on lipopolysaccharide-induced pyroptosis of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:525-530. [PMID: 32895145 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.04.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of propofol on pyroptosis of macrophages. METHODS Macrophages derived from bone marrow were extracted and divided into three groups: control group, LPS+ATP group and propofol+LPS+ATP group. The control group was not given any treatment; LPS+ATP group was given LPS 1 μg/mL stimulation for 4 h, then ATP 4 mM stimulation for 1 h; Propofol+LPS+ATP group was given propofol+LPS 1 μg/mL stimulation for 4 h, then ATP stimulation for 1 h. After treatment, the supernatant and cells of cell culture were collected. the cell activity was detected by CCK8 and flow cytometry. The inflammatory cytokines IL-1βand IL-18 were detected by Elisa. Western blot was used to detect the expression of caspase-1 protein and TLR4 on cell membran Immunohistochemical fluorescence was used to detect apoptosis of cells. RESULTS LPS+ATP significantly decreased the viability of the macrophages and increased the cellular production of IL-1β and IL-18, activation of caspase-1 protein and the expression of TLR-4 on the cell membrane (P < 0.05). Treatment with propofol obviously reversed the changes induced by LPS+ATP. CONCLUSIONS LPS+ATP can induce pyroptosis of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, and propofol effectively inhibits such cell death, suggesting that propofol anesthesia is beneficial during operation and helps to regulate the immune function of in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuanbo Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qianqi Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinquan Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yujing Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guobin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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23
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, most prevalent in the elderly population and has a significant impact on individuals and their family as well as the health care system and the economy. While the number of patients affected by various forms of dementia including AD is on the increase, there is currently no cure. Although genome-wide association studies have identified genetic markers for familial AD, the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of both familial and sporadic AD remain poorly understood. Most neurodegenerative diseases and in particular those associated with dementia have been defined as proteinopathies due to the presence of intra- and/or extracellular protein aggregates in the brain of affected individuals. Although loss of proteostasis in AD has been known for decades, it is only in recent years that we have come to appreciate the role of ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms in brain homeostasis and in brain diseases. Ubiquitin is a highly versatile post-translational modification which regulates many aspects of protein fate and function, including protein degradation by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), autophagy-mediated removal of damaged organelles and proteins, lysosomal turnover of membrane proteins and of extracellular molecules brought inside the cell through endocytosis. Amyloid-β (Aβ) fragments as well as hyperphosphorylation of Tau are hallmarks of AD, and these are found in extracellular plaques and intracellular fibrils in the brain of individuals with AD, respectively. Yet, whether it is the oligomeric or the soluble species of Aβ and Tau that mediate toxicity is still unclear. These proteins impact on mitochondrial energy metabolism, inflammation, as well as a number of housekeeping processes including protein degradation through the UPS and autophagy. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of ubiquitin in neuronal homeostasis as well as in AD; summarise crosstalks between the enzymes that regulate protein ubiquitination and the toxic proteins Tau and Aβ; highlight emerging molecular mechanisms in AD as well as future strategies which aim to exploit the ubiquitin system as a source for next-generation therapeutics.
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24
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Knockdown of long noncoding RNA XIST mitigates the apoptosis and inflammatory injury of microglia cells after spinal cord injury through miR-27a/Smurf1 axis. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134649. [PMID: 31778769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neuropathological condition. Long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is an acknowledged cancer-related gene and participates in the development of SCI. However, role of XIST in SCI remains to be well revealed. Expression of XIST, miRNA-27a-3p (miR-27a) and smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) was detected using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Cell apoptosis and inflammatory injury were assessed by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, flow cytometry, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship among miR-27a, XIST and Smurf1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assay. As a result, we observed higher level of XIST and Smurf1, but lower level of miR-27a in SCI rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary microglial cells. in vitro, LPS induced SCI microglia cells as described by decreased cell viability and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, and increased cell apoptosis rate, Bax and cleaved caspase 3 levels, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretions. in vivo, a T10 laminectomy caused SCI rats as evidenced by decreased Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale (BBB) score and induced expression of Bax, cleaved caspase 3, TNF-α and IL-6. However, silencing of XIST could mitigate the apoptosis and inflammatory injury in LPS-induced microglia and SCI rats. Mechanically, miR-27a interacted with XIST and Smurf1 via target binding. Either miR-27a downregulation or Smurf1 overexpression partially reversed the role of XIST deletion in LPS-treated microglial cells. Collectively, knockdown of XIST could alleviate the apoptosis and inflammatory injury of SCI models in vitro and in vivo through directly modulating miR-27a/Smurf1 axis.
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25
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Patrick KL, Bell SL, Weindel CG, Watson RO. Exploring the "Multiple-Hit Hypothesis" of Neurodegenerative Disease: Bacterial Infection Comes Up to Bat. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:138. [PMID: 31192157 PMCID: PMC6546885 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major strides in personalized genomics, it remains poorly understood why neurodegenerative diseases occur in only a fraction of individuals with a genetic predisposition and conversely, why individuals with no genetic risk of a disorder develop one. Chronic diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Multiple sclerosis are speculated to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, a concept commonly referred to as the “multiple hit hypothesis.” A number of bacterial infections have been linked to increased risk of neurodegeneration, and in some cases, clearance of bacterial pathogens has been correlated with amelioration of central nervous system (CNS) deficits. Additionally, mutations in several genes known to contribute to CNS disorders like Parkinson's Disease have repeatedly been implicated in susceptibility to intracellular bacterial infection. Recent data has begun to demonstrate roles for these genes (PARK2, PINK1, and LRRK2) in modulating innate immune outcomes, suggesting that immune dysregulation may play an even more important role in neurodegeneration than previously appreciated. This review will broadly explore the connections between bacterial infection, immune dysregulation, and CNS disorders. Understanding this interplay and how bacterial pathogenesis contributes to the “multiple-hit hypothesis” of neurodegeneration will be crucial to develop therapeutics to effectively treat both neurodegeneration and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Patrick
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Samantha L Bell
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Chi G Weindel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Robert O Watson
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
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26
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He M, Xiang Z, Xu L, Duan Y, Li F, Chen J. Lipopolysaccharide induces human olfactory ensheathing glial apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction and activating the JNK-Bnip3-Bax pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:91-104. [PMID: 30374881 PMCID: PMC6363633 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) play an important role in regulating the regeneration of an injured nervous system. However, chronic inflammation damage reduces the viability of OEG via poorly understood mechanisms. We aimed to investigate the pathological responses of OEG in response to LPS-mediated inflammation stress in vitro. The results indicated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment significantly reduced the viability of OEG in a dose-dependent fashion. Mechanistically, LPS stimuli induced mitochondrial oxidative damage, mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial metabolism disruption, and mitochondrial apoptosis activation. Furthermore, we verified that LPS modulated mitochondrial apoptosis by promoting Bax upregulation, and this process was regulated by the JNK-Bnip3 pathway. Inhibition of the JNK-Bnip3 pathway prevented LPS-mediated Bax activation, thus attenuating OEG apoptosis. Altogether, our data illustrated that LPS-mediated inflammation injury evoked mitochondrial abnormalities in OEG damage via the JNK-Bnip3-Bax pathway. This finding provides a potential target to protect OEG against chronic inflammation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowei He
- Bengbu Medical College, Affiliated Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Zimin Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Yanting Duan
- Bengbu Medical College, Affiliated Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Fangqin Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
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