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Choi HK, Chen M, Goldston LL, Lee KB. Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:19. [PMID: 38739358 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders represent a profound public health challenge that affects millions of people around the world. Diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) exemplify the complexities and diversities that complicate their early detection and the development of effective treatments. Amid these challenges, the emergence of nanotechnology and extracellular vesicles (EVs) signals a new dawn for treating and diagnosing CNS ailments. EVs are cellularly derived lipid bilayer nanosized particles that are pivotal in intercellular communication within the CNS and have the potential to revolutionize targeted therapeutic delivery and the identification of novel biomarkers. Integrating EVs with nanotechnology amplifies their diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, opening new avenues for managing CNS diseases. This review focuses on examining the fascinating interplay between EVs and nanotechnology in CNS theranostics. Through highlighting the remarkable advancements and unique methodologies, we aim to offer valuable perspectives on how these approaches can bring about a revolutionary change in disease management. The objective is to harness the distinctive attributes of EVs and nanotechnology to forge personalized, efficient interventions for CNS disorders, thereby providing a beacon of hope for affected individuals. In short, the confluence of EVs and nanotechnology heralds a promising frontier for targeted and impactful treatments against CNS diseases, which continue to pose significant public health challenges. By focusing on personalized and powerful diagnostic and therapeutic methods, we might improve the quality of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Meizi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Li Ling Goldston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Tahmasebi F, Asl ER, Vahidinia Z, Barati S. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs as Novel Potential Approach for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:44. [PMID: 38713302 PMCID: PMC11076329 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation and demyelination of CNS neurons. Up to now, there are many therapeutic strategies for MS but they are only being able to reduce progression of diseases and have not got any effect on repair and remyelination. Stem cell therapy is an appropriate method for regeneration but has limitations and problems. So recently, researches were used of exosomes that facilitate intercellular communication and transfer cell-to-cell biological information. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that we can used to their dysregulation in order to diseases diagnosis. The miRNAs of microvesicles obtained stem cells may change the fate of transplanted cells based on received signals of injured regions. The miRNAs existing in MSCs may be displayed the cell type and their biological activities. Current studies show also that the miRNAs create communication between stem cells and tissue-injured cells. In the present review, firstly we discuss the role of miRNAs dysregulation in MS patients and miRNAs expression by stem cells. Finally, in this study was confirmed the relationship of microRNAs involved in MS and miRNAs expressed by stem cells and interaction between them in order to find appropriate treatment methods in future for limit to disability progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elmira Roshani Asl
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
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Yang J, Dong J, Li H, Gong Z, Wang B, Du K, Zhang C, Bi H, Wang J, Tian X, Chen L. Circular RNA HIPK2 Promotes A1 Astrocyte Activation after Spinal Cord Injury through Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Modulating miR-124-3p-Mediated Smad2 Repression. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:781-797. [PMID: 38222662 PMCID: PMC10785321 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Glial scarring formed by reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury (SCI) is the primary obstacle to neuronal regeneration within the central nervous system, making them a promising target for SCI treatment. Our previous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of miR-124-3p on neuronal repair, but it remains unclear how miR-124-3p is involved in autophagy or ER stress in astrocyte activation. To answer this question, the expression of A1 astrocyte-related markers at the transcriptional and protein levels after SCI was checked in RNA-sequencing data and verified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting in vitro and in vivo. The potential interactions among circHIPK2, miR-124-3p, and Smad2 were analyzed and confirmed by bioinformatics analyses and a luciferase reporter assay. In the end, the role of miR-124-3p in autophagy, ER stress, and SCI was investigated by using Western blotting to measure key biomarkers (C3, LC3, and Chop) in the absence or presence of corresponding selective inhibitors (siRNA, 4-PBA, TG). As a result, SCI caused the increase of A1 astrocyte markers, in which the upregulated circHIPK2 directly targeted miR-124-3p, and the direct downregulating effect of Smad2 by miR-124-3p was abolished, while Agomir-124 treatment reversed this effect. Injury caused a significant change of markers for ER stress and autophagy through the circHIPK2/miR-124-3p/Smad2 pathway, which might activate the A1 phenotype, and ER stress might promote autophagy in astrocytes. In conclusion, circHIPK2 may play a functional role in sequestering miR-124-3p and facilitating the activation of A1 astrocytes through regulating Smad2-mediated downstream autophagy and ER stress pathways, providing a new perspective on potential targets for functional recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haotian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaili Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Hangchuan Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Junfei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinpeng Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
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Qu X, Zhang L, Wang L. Pterostilbene as a Therapeutic Alternative for Central Nervous System Disorders: A Review of the Current Status and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14432-14457. [PMID: 37786984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are diverse, have complex causes, and often result in disability; yet, effective treatments remain scarce. The resveratrol derivative pterostilbene possesses numerous physiological activities that hold promise as a novel therapy for the central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review aimed to summarize the protective mechanisms of pterostilbene in in vitro and in vivo models of CNS disorders and the pharmacokinetics and safety to assess its possible effects on CNS disorders. Available evidence supports the protective effects of pterostilbene in CNS disorders involving mechanisms such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of lipid metabolism and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, improvement of synaptic function and neurogenesis, induction of glioma cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of glioma cell migration and invasion. Studies have identified possible molecular targets and pathways for the protective actions of pterostilbene in CNS disorders including the AMPK/STAT3, Akt, NF-κB, MAPK, and ERK signaling pathways. The possible pharmacological effects and molecular pathways of pterostilbene in CNS disorders are critically discussed in this review. Future studies should aim to increase our understanding of pterostilbene in animal models and humans to further evaluate its role in CNS disorders and the detailed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Yang C, Meng Z, Zhong H, Hou X, Wang F, Lu Y, Guo J, Zeng Y. miR-124 and VAMP3 Act Antagonistically in Human Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14877. [PMID: 37834325 PMCID: PMC10573497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor that affects developing nerve cells in the fetus, infants, and children. miR-124 is a microRNA (miRNA) enriched in neuronal tissues, and VAMP3 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 3) has been reported to be an miR-124 target, although the relationship between NB and miR-124 or VAMP3 is unknown. Our current work identified that miR-124 levels are high in NB cases and that elevated miR-124 correlates with worse NB outcomes. Conversely, depressed VAMP3 correlates with worse NB outcomes. To investigate the mechanisms by which miR-124 and VAMP3 regulate NB, we altered miR-124 or VAMP3 expression in human NB cells and observed that increased miR-124 and reduced VAMP3 stimulated cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis, while increased VAMP3 had the opposite effects. Genome-wide mRNA expression analyses identified gene and pathway changes which might explain the NB cell phenotypes. Together, our studies suggest that miR-124 and VAMP3 could be potential new markers of NB and targets of NB treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengyong Yang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhong
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xutian Hou
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Centre in Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Datta N, Johnson C, Kao D, Gurnani P, Alexander C, Polytarchou C, Monaghan TM. MicroRNA-based therapeutics for inflammatory disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106870. [PMID: 37499702 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
An emerging but less explored shared pathophysiology across microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders is aberrant miRNA expression, which may represent novel therapeutic targets. miRNAs are small, endogenous non-coding RNAs that are important transcriptional repressors of gene expression. Most importantly, they regulate the integrity of the intestinal epithelial and blood-brain barriers and serve as an important communication channel between the gut microbiome and the host. A well-defined understanding of the mode of action, therapeutic strategies and delivery mechanisms of miRNAs is pivotal in translating the clinical applications of miRNA-based therapeutics. Accumulating evidence links disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis with a compromised gut-blood-brain-barrier, causing gut contents such as immune cells and microbiota to enter the bloodstream leading to low-grade systemic inflammation. This has the potential to affect all organs, including the brain, causing central inflammation and the development of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we have examined in detail miRNA biogenesis, strategies for therapeutic application, delivery mechanisms, as well as their pathophysiology and clinical applications in inflammatory gut-brain disorders. The research data in this review was drawn from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov. With increasing evidence of the pathophysiological importance for miRNAs in microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders, therapeutic targeting of cross-regulated miRNAs in these disorders displays potentially transformative and translational potential. Further preclinical research and human clinical trials are required to further advance this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Datta
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlotte Johnson
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dina Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- Department of Biosciences, John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Chen Y, An Q, Yang ST, Chen YL, Tong L, Ji LL. MicroRNA-124 attenuates PTSD-like behaviors and reduces the level of inflammatory cytokines by downregulating the expression of TRAF6 in the hippocampus of rats following single-prolonged stress. Exp Neurol 2022; 356:114154. [PMID: 35753367 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-124-3p (miR-124) plays an important role in neuroprotective functions in various neurological disorders, but whether miR-124 participates in the pathological progression of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains poorly understood. METHODS In the present study, we assessed the level of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of rats exposed to single-prolonged stress (SPS) by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, while the effect of miR-124 on PTSD-like behaviors was evaluated by behavioral test. RESULTS Our results showed that the level of miR-124 in the hippocampus of rats exposed to SPS was downregulated and that the upregulation of miR-124 could alleviate the PTSD-like behaviors of SPS rats. This effect of miR-124 might be achieved through TNF receptor-associated Factor 6 (TRAF6), which is a target gene of miR-124 and plays an important role in the immune and inflammatory reaction by regulating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Furthermore, we found that miR-124 not only decreased the level of proinflammatory cytokines but also increased the expression levels of synaptic proteins (PSD95 and synapsin I) and regulated the morphology of neurons. CONCLUSION These results suggested that miR-124 might attenuate PTSD-like behaviors and decrease the level of proinflammatory cytokines by downregulating the expression of TRAF6 in the hippocampus of rats exposed to SPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Lu Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Li-Li Ji
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Xu X, Zhang Y. Regulation of Oxidative Stress by Long Non-coding RNAs in Central Nervous System Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:931704. [PMID: 35782387 PMCID: PMC9241987 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.931704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, glioma, and epilepsy, involve oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, often leading to long-term disability or death. Emerging studies suggest that oxidative stress may induce epigenetic modifications that contribute to CNS disorders. Non-coding RNAs are epigenetic regulators involved in CNS disorders and have attracted extensive attention. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs more than 200 nucleotides long and have no protein-coding function. However, these molecules exert regulatory functions at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. However, the major role of lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders, especially related to oxidative stress, remains unclear. Here, we review the molecular functions of lncRNAs in oxidative stress and highlight lncRNAs that exert positive or negative roles in oxidation/antioxidant systems. This review provides novel insights into the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs that mediate oxidative stress in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang,
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Li Y, Peng B, Li Y, Huang A, Peng Y, Yu Q, Li Y. MiR-203a-3p/153-3p improves cognitive impairments induced by ischemia/reperfusion via blockade of SRC-mediated MAPK signaling pathway in ischemic stroke. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 358:109900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shi LS, Ji CH, Tang WQ, Liu Y, Zhang W, Guan W. Hippocampal miR-124 Participates in the Pathogenesis of Depression via Regulating the Expression of BDNF in a Chronic Social Defeat Stress Model of Depression. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:210-218. [PMID: 35838216 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220713105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, the exact pathogenesis of depression remains elusive. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel antidepressants for effective treatment. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124), the most abundant miRNA in brain tissue, plays a key effect on adult neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. However, the mechanism of miR-124 in depression has not been clarified so far. The aim of this study is to provide broad insight into the mechanisms underlying depression. METHODS In the study, we used the forced swim test (FST), the tail suspension test (TST), and a Chronic Social Defeat Stress (CSDS) mice model of depression. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, immunofluorescence and virus-mediated gene transfer were used together. The level of plasma corticosterone in mice was analyzed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS It was found that CSDS robustly increased the level of miR-124 in the hippocampus. Genetic knockdown of hippocampal miR-124 produced significant antidepressant-like effects in the CSDS model of depression. Furthermore, AAV-siR-124-EGFP treatment increased the level of plasma corticosterone in CSDS-induced mice. Moreover, it was found that the antidepressant-like effects induced by miR-124 inhibition required the hippocampal BDNF-TrkB system. CONCLUSION Hippocampal miR-124 participated in the pathogenesis of depression by regulating BDNF biosynthesis and was a feasible antidepressant target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sheng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Hui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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Abuelezz NZ, Nasr FE, AbdulKader MA, Bassiouny AR, Zaky A. MicroRNAs as Potential Orchestrators of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathologies: Insights on Current Status and Future Possibilities. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:743573. [PMID: 34712129 PMCID: PMC8546247 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.743573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and deleterious neurodegenerative disease, strongly affecting the cognitive functions and memory of seniors worldwide. Around 58% of the affected patients live in low and middle-income countries, with estimates of increasing deaths caused by AD in the coming decade. AD is a multifactor pathology. Mitochondrial function declines in AD brain and is currently emerging as a hallmark of this disease. It has been considered as one of the intracellular processes severely compromised in AD. Many mitochondrial parameters decline already during aging; mitochondrial efficiency for energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines, to reach an extensive functional failure, concomitant with the onset of neurodegenerative conditions. Besides its impact on cognitive functions, AD is characterized by loss of synapses, extracellular amyloid plaques composed of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, accompanied by drastic sleep disorders, sensory function alterations and pain sensitization. Unfortunately, till date, effective management of AD-related disorders and early, non-invasive AD diagnostic markers are yet to be found. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding nucleic acids that regulate key signaling pathway(s) in various disease conditions. About 70% of experimentally detectable miRNAs are expressed in the brain where they regulate neurite outgrowth, dendritic spine morphology, and synaptic plasticity. Increasing studies suggest that miRNAs are intimately involved in synaptic function and specific signals during memory formation. This has been the pivotal key for considering miRNAs crucial molecules to be studied in AD. MicroRNAs dysfunctions are increasingly acknowledged as a pivotal contributor in AD via deregulating genes involved in AD pathogenesis. Moreover, miRNAs have been proved to control pain sensitization processes and regulate circadian clock system that affects the sleep process. Interestingly, the differential expression of miRNA panels implies their emerging potential as diagnostic AD biomarkers. In this review, we will present an updated analysis of miRNAs role in regulating signaling processes that are involved in AD-related pathologies. We will discuss the current challenges against wider use of miRNAs and the future promising capabilities of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic means for better management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Z Abuelezz
- Biochemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fayza Eid Nasr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmad R Bassiouny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Zaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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