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Sun J, Fleishman JS, Liu X, Wang H, Huo L. Targeting novel regulated cell death:Ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116453. [PMID: 38513593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), a common neurological complication of sepsis, is a heterogenous complex clinical syndrome caused by the dysfunctional response of a host to infection. This dysfunctional response leads to excess mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite clinical relevance with high incidence, there is a lack of understanding for its both its acute/chronic pathogenesis and therapeutic management. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind SAE may provide tools to better enhance therapeutic efficacy. Mounting evidence indicates that some types of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD), such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy, contribute to SAE. Targeting these types of RCD may provide meaningful targets for future treatments against SAE. This review summarizes the core mechanism by which non-apoptotic RCD leads to the pathogenesis of SAE. We focus on the emerging types of therapeutic compounds that can inhibit RCD and delineate their beneficial pharmacological effects against SAE. Within this review we suggest that pharmacological inhibition of non-apoptotic RCD may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy against SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 11004, China
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 11004, China
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, 300060, China
| | - Liang Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 11004, China.
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Li L, Lixia D, Gan G, Li J, Yang L, Wu Y, Fang Z, Zhang X. Astrocytic HILPDA promotes lipid droplets generation to drive cognitive dysfunction in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14758. [PMID: 38757390 PMCID: PMC11099789 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is manifested as a spectrum of disturbed cerebral function ranging from mild delirium to coma. However, the pathogenesis of SAE has not been clearly elucidated. Astrocytes play important roles in maintaining the function and metabolism of the brain. Most recently, it has been demonstrated that disorders of lipid metabolism, especially lipid droplets (LDs) dyshomeostasis, are involved in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LDs are involved in the underlying mechanism of SAE. METHODS The open field test, Y-maze test, and contextual fear conditioning test (CFCT) were used to test cognitive function in SAE mice. Lipidomics was utilized to investigate alterations in hippocampal lipid metabolism in SAE mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence labeling were applied for the observation of related proteins. RESULTS In the current study, we found that SAE mice showed severe cognitive dysfunction, including spatial working and contextual memory. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that lipid metabolism was widely dysregulated in the hippocampus by using lipidomic analysis. Furthermore, western blotting and immunofluorescence confirmed that LDs accumulation in hippocampal astrocytes was involved in the pathological process of cognitive dysfunction in SAE mice. We verified that LDs can be inhibited by specifically suppress hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated protein (HILPDA) in astrocytes. Meanwhile, cognitive dysfunction in SAE was ameliorated by reducing A1 astrocyte activation and inhibiting presynaptic membrane transmitter release. CONCLUSION The accumulation of astrocytic lipid droplets plays a crucial role in the pathological process of SAE. HILPDA is an attractive therapeutic target for lipid metabolism regulation and cognitive improvement in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of PediatricXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Du Lixia
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Guifen Gan
- Department of Critical Care MedicineQinghai University Affiliated HospitalXiningQinghaiChina
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - You Wu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zongping Fang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Critical Care MedicineShanghai Fourth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care UnitXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Xiao Z, Wang X, Pan X, Xie J, Xu H. Mitochondrial iron dyshomeostasis and its potential as a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114614. [PMID: 38007207 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal iron accumulation has been implicated in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding how iron damages dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD is particularly important for developing targeted neurotherapeutic strategies for the disease. However, it is still not fully understood how excess iron contributes to the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD. There has been increased attention on mitochondrial iron dyshomeostasis, iron-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in PD. Therefore, this review begins with a brief introduction to describe cellular iron metabolism and the dysregulation of iron metabolism in PD. Then we provide an update on how iron is delivered to mitochondria and induces the damage of dopaminergic neurons in PD. In addition, we also summarize new research progress on iron-dependent ferroptosis in PD and mitochondria-localized proteins involved in ferroptosis. This will provide new insight into potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial iron dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuening Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Huamin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Wang X, Lin Z, Li T, Zhu W, Huang H, Hu J, Zhou J. Sodium Selenite Prevents Matrine-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Suppressing Ferroptosis via the GSH-GPX4 Antioxidant System. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-023-04044-w. [PMID: 38177716 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Matrine (MT), an active ingredient derived from Sophor flavescens Ait, is used as a therapeutic agent to treat liver disease and cancer. However, the serious toxic effects of MT, including nephrotoxicity, have limited its clinical application. Here, we explored the involvement of ferroptosis in MT-induced kidney injury and evaluated the potential efficacy and underlying mechanism of sodium selenite (SS) in attenuating MT-induced nephrotoxicity. We found that MT not only disrupts renal structure in mice but also induces the death of NRK-52E cells. Additionally, MT treatment resulted in significant elevations in ferrous iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels, accompanied by decreases in glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. SS effectively mitigated the alterations in ferroptosis-related indicators caused by MT and prevented MT-induced nephrotoxicity as effectively as Fer-1 in vivo and in vitro. SS also reversed the MT-induced reduction in GPX4, CTH and xCT protein levels. However, the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor RSL3 and knockdown of GPX4, CTH, or xCT via siRNA abolished the protective effect of SS against MT-induced nephrotoxicity, indicating that SS exhibited antiferroptotic effects via the GSH-GPX4 antioxidant system. Overall, MT-induced ferroptosis triggers nephrotoxicity, and SS is a promising therapeutic drug for alleviating MT-induced renal injury by activating the GSH-GPX4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxin Huang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Hu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi, 336000, People's Republic of China.
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García-Serran A, Ordoño J, DeGregorio-Rocasolano N, Melià-Sorolla M, Odendaal K, Martí-Sistac O, Gasull T. Targeting Pro-Oxidant Iron with Exogenously Administered Apotransferrin Provides Benefits Associated with Changes in Crucial Cellular Iron Gate Protein TfR in a Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1945. [PMID: 38001798 PMCID: PMC10669272 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the post-stroke administration of iron-free transferrin (apotransferrin, ATf) is beneficial in different models of ischemic stroke (IS) through the inhibition of the neuronal uptake of pro-oxidant iron. In the present study, we asked whether ATf is safe and also beneficial when given after the induction of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in mice, and investigated the underlying mechanisms. We first compared the main iron actors in the brain of IS- or collagenase-induced ICH mice and then obtained insight into these iron-related proteins in ICH 72 h after the administration of ATf. The infarct size of the IS mice was double that of hemorrhage in ICH mice, but both groups showed similar body weight loss, edema, and increased ferritin and transferrin levels in the ipsilateral brain hemisphere. Although the administration of human ATf (hATf) to ICH mice did not alter the hemorrhage volume or levels of the classical ferroptosis GPX4/system xc- pathways, hATf induced better neurobehavioral performance, decreased 4-hydroxynonenal levels and those of the second-generation ferroptosis marker transferrin receptor (TfR), and restored the mRNA levels of the recently recognized cytosolic iron chaperone poly(RC) binding protein 2. In addition, hATf treatment lowered the ICH-induced increase in both endogenous mouse transferrin mRNA levels and the activation of caspase-2. In conclusion, hATf treatment provides neurobehavioral benefits post-ICH associated with the modulation of iron/oxidative players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia García-Serran
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (J.O.); (N.D.-R.); (M.M.-S.); (K.O.)
| | - Jesús Ordoño
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (J.O.); (N.D.-R.); (M.M.-S.); (K.O.)
| | - Núria DeGregorio-Rocasolano
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (J.O.); (N.D.-R.); (M.M.-S.); (K.O.)
| | - Marc Melià-Sorolla
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (J.O.); (N.D.-R.); (M.M.-S.); (K.O.)
| | - Karla Odendaal
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (J.O.); (N.D.-R.); (M.M.-S.); (K.O.)
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Octavi Martí-Sistac
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (J.O.); (N.D.-R.); (M.M.-S.); (K.O.)
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teresa Gasull
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (J.O.); (N.D.-R.); (M.M.-S.); (K.O.)
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Chipurupalli S, Jiang P, Liu X, Santos JL, Marcato P, Rosen KV. Three-dimensional growth sensitizes breast cancer cells to treatment with ferroptosis-promoting drugs. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:580. [PMID: 37658069 PMCID: PMC10474142 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Drugs causing ferroptosis, iron-mediated cell death, represent promising tools for cancer treatment. While exploring the effect of these drugs on breast cancer (BC), we found that a ferroptosis-inducing drug erastin dramatically inhibits tumorigenicity of human BC cells in mice but when used at a concentration known to effectively kill other cell types only modestly reduces such growth in 2D monolayer culture. BCs grow in vivo as 3D masses, and we found that ferroptosis inducers erastin and sulfasalazine inhibit growth of multiple human BC cell lines in 3D culture significantly stronger than in 2D culture. To understand the mechanism of this differential effect, we found that ferroptosis inducers upregulate mRNAs encoding multiple direct and indirect autophagy stimulators, such as ATG16L2, ATG9A, ATG4D, GABARAP, SQSTM/p62, SEC23A and BAX, in tumor cells growing in 2D but not in 3D culture. Furthermore, these drugs promoted autophagy of tumor cells growing in a 2D but not in a 3D manner. We observed that pharmacological inhibition of autophagy-stimulating protein kinase ULK1 or RNA interference-mediated knockdown of autophagy mediator ATG12 significantly sensitized tumor cells to erastin treatment in 2D culture. We also found that ferroptosis-promoting treatments upregulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in BC cells. HO-1 increases cellular free iron pool and can potentially promote ferroptosis. Indeed, we observed that HO-1 knockdown by RNA interference reversed the effect of ferroptosis inducers on BC cell 3D growth. Hence, the effect of these drugs on such growth is mediated by HO-1. In summary, autophagy triggered by ferroptosis-promoting drugs reduces their ability to kill BC growing in a 2D manner. This protection mechanism is inhibited in BC cells growing as a 3D mass, and ferroptosis-promoting drugs kill such cells more effectively. Moreover, this death is mediated by HO-1. Thus, ferroptosis induction represents a promising strategy for blocking 3D BC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Chipurupalli
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Peijia Jiang
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Julia Linhares Santos
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kirill V Rosen
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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