1
|
Indacochea A, Guitart T, Boada A, Peg V, Quer A, Laayouni H, Condal L, Espinosa P, Manzano JL, Gebauer F. CSDE1 Intracellular Distribution as a Biomarker of Melanoma Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2319. [PMID: 38396995 PMCID: PMC10889260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins are emerging as critical modulators of oncogenic cell transformation, malignancy and therapy resistance. We have previously found that the RNA-binding protein Cold Shock Domain containing protein E1 (CSDE1) promotes invasion and metastasis of melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer and also a highly heterogeneous disease in need of predictive biomarkers and druggable targets. Here, we design a monoclonal antibody useful for IHC in the clinical setting and use it to evaluate the prognosis potential of CSDE1 in an exploratory cohort of 149 whole tissue sections including benign nevi and primary tumors and metastasis from melanoma patients. Contrary to expectations for an oncoprotein, we observed a global decrease in CSDE1 levels with increasing malignancy. However, the CSDE1 cytoplasmic/nuclear ratio exhibited a positive correlation with adverse clinical features of primary tumors and emerged as a robust indicator of progression free survival in cutaneous melanoma, highlighting the potential of CSDE1 as a biomarker of prognosis. Our findings provide a novel feature for prognosis assessment and highlight the intricacies of RNA-binding protein dynamics in cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Indacochea
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (T.G.); (P.E.)
| | - Tanit Guitart
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (T.G.); (P.E.)
| | - Aram Boada
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’investigació Germans Trias I Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Vicente Peg
- Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ariadna Quer
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias I Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Hafid Laayouni
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, C/Wellington 30, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Condal
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’investigació Germans Trias I Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Pablo Espinosa
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (T.G.); (P.E.)
| | - Jose Luis Manzano
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalonian Institute of Oncology, (ICO), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Fátima Gebauer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (T.G.); (P.E.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Albrecht LJ, Höwner A, Griewank K, Lueong SS, von Neuhoff N, Horn PA, Sucker A, Paschen A, Livingstone E, Ugurel S, Zimmer L, Horn S, Siveke JT, Schadendorf D, Váraljai R, Roesch A. Circulating cell-free messenger RNA enables non-invasive pan-tumour monitoring of melanoma therapy independent of the mutational genotype. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1090. [PMID: 36320118 PMCID: PMC9626658 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma-derived tumour-specific cell-free nucleic acids are increasingly utilized as a minimally invasive, real-time biomarker approach in many solid tumours. Circulating tumour DNA of melanoma-specific mutations is currently the best studied liquid biopsy biomarker for melanoma. However, the combination of hotspot genetic alterations covers only around 80% of all melanoma patients. Therefore, alternative approaches are needed to enable the follow-up of all genotypes, including wild-type. METHODS We identified KPNA2, DTL, BACE2 and DTYMK messenger RNA (mRNA) upregulated in melanoma versus nevi tissues by unsupervised data mining (N = 175 melanoma, N = 20 normal skin, N = 6 benign nevi) and experimentally confirmed differential mRNA expression in vitro (N = 18 melanoma, N = 8 benign nevi). Circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) was analysed in 361 plasma samples (collected before and during therapy) from 100 melanoma patients and 18 healthy donors. Absolute cfRNA copies were quantified on droplet digital PCR. RESULTS KPNA2, DTL, BACE2 and DTYMK cfRNA demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy between melanoma patients' and healthy donors' plasma (AUC > 86%, p < .0001). cfRNA copies increased proportionally with increasing tumour burden independently of demographic variables and even remained elevated in individuals with radiological absence of disease. Re-analysis of single-cell transcriptomes revealed a pan-tumour origin of cfRNA, including endothelial, cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages and B cells beyond melanoma cells as cellular sources. Low baseline cfRNA levels were associated with significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) (KPNA2 HR = .54, p = .0362; DTL HR = .60, p = .0349) and overall survival (KPNA2 HR = .52, p = .0237; BACE2 HR = .55, p = .0419; DTYMK HR = .43, p = .0393). Lastly, we found that cfRNA copies significantly increased during therapy in non-responders compared to responders regardless of therapy and mutational subtypes and that the increase of KPNA2 (HR = 1.73, p = .0441) and DTYMK (HR = 1.82, p = .018) cfRNA during therapy was predictive of shorter PFS. CONCLUSIONS In sum, we identified a new panel of cfRNAs for a pan-tumour liquid biopsy approach and demonstrated its utility as a prognostic, therapy-monitoring tool independent of the melanoma mutational genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Jessica Albrecht
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
| | - Anna Höwner
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
| | - Klaus Griewank
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
| | - Smiths S. Lueong
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor TherapyWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational OncologyGerman Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research CenterDKFZHeidelbergGermany
| | - Nils von Neuhoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment for Pediatrics IIIUniversity Hospital of EssenEssenGermany
| | - Peter A. Horn
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital of EssenEssenGermany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
| | - Elisabeth Livingstone
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
| | - Susanne Horn
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
- Faculty Rudolf‐Schönheimer‐Institute for BiochemistryUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor TherapyWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational OncologyGerman Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research CenterDKFZHeidelbergGermany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
| | - Renáta Váraljai
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
| | - Alexander Roesch
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenWest German Cancer CenterUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alipour R, Iravani A, Hicks RJ. PET Imaging of Melanoma. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
4
|
Colak DK, Egeli U, Eryilmaz IE, Aybastier O, Malyer H, Cecener G, Tunca B. The Anticancer Effect of Inula viscosa Methanol Extract by miRNAs' Re-regulation: An in vitro Study on Human Malignant Melanoma Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:211-224. [PMID: 33570434 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1869791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alternative and natural therapies are needed for malignant melanoma (MM), the most deadly skin cancer type due to chemotherapy's limited effect. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer potentials of Inula viscosa methanol and water extracts (IVM and IVW) on MM cells, A2058 and MeWo, and normal fibroblasts. After the chromatographic and antioxidant activity analysis, their antiproliferative effects were determined with the increasing doses for 24-72 h. IVM induced more cell death in a dose and time-dependent manner in MM cells compared to IVW. This effect was probably due to the higher amount of phenolics in it. IVM significantly induced more apoptotic death in MM cells than fibroblasts (p < 0.01), which was also supported morphologically. IVM also caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and G2/M phases in A2058 and MeWo, respectively, and suppressed the migration ability of MM cells (p < 0.01). Additionally, IVM was found to have significant potential in regulating MM-related miRNAs, upregulating miR-579 and miR-524, and downregulating miR-191 and miR-193, in MM cells (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). As a result, the anticancer effect of IVM via regulating miRNAs' expression has been demonstrated for the first time. Thus, IVM, with these potentials, may be a promising candidate for MM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Unal Egeli
- Medical Biology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Onder Aybastier
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hulusi Malyer
- Biology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Cecener
- Medical Biology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Berrin Tunca
- Medical Biology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cichorek M, Ronowska A, Dzierzbicka K, Gensicka-Kowalewska M, Deptula M, Pelikant-Malecka I. Chloroacridine derivatives as potential anticancer agents which may act as tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110515. [PMID: 34321163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper concerns the cytotoxicity of 9-chloro-1-nitroacridine (1a) and 9-chloro-4-methyl-1-nitroacridine (1b) against two biologically different melanoma forms: melanotic and amelanotic. Melanomas are tumors characterized by high heterogeneity and poor susceptibility to chemotherapies. Among new analogs synthesized by us, compound 1b exhibited the highest anticancer potency. Because of that, in this study, we analyzed the mechanism of action for 1a and its 4-methylated derivative, 1b, against a pair of biological melanoma forms, with regard to proliferation, cell death mechanism and energetic state. METHODS Cytotoxicity was evaluated by XTT assay. Cell death was estimated by plasma membrane structure changes (phosphatidylserine externalization), caspase activation, and ROS presence. The energetic state of cells was estimated based on NAD and ATP levels, and the activity of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase). RESULTS The chloroacridines affect biological forms of melanoma in different ways. Amelanotic (Ab) melanoma (with inhibited melanogenesis and higher malignancy) was particularly sensitive to the action of the chloroacridines. The Ab melanoma cells died through apoptosis and through death without caspase activation. Diminished activity of TAC enzymes was noticed among Ab melanoma cells together with ATP/NAD depletion, especially in the case of 1b. CONCLUSION Our data show that the biological forms of the tumors responded to 1a and its 4-methylated analog in different ways. 1a and 1b could be inducers of regulated melanoma cell death, especially the amelanotic form. Although the mechanism of the cell death is not fully understood, 1b may act by interfering with the TAC enzymes and blocking specific pathways leading to tumor growth. This could encourage further investigation of its anticancer activity, especially against the amelanotic form of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslawa Cichorek
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St. PL, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Anna Ronowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 St. PL, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12. PL, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Gensicka-Kowalewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12. PL, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Milena Deptula
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St. PL, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St. PL, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Central Bank of Frozen Tissues and Genetic Specimens, Medical University of Gdansk, Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland, Debinki 7 St. PL, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hwangbo H, Choi EO, Kim MY, Kwon DH, Ji SY, Lee H, Hong SH, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Hong SH, Choi YH. Suppression of tumor growth and metastasis by ethanol extract of Angelica dahurica Radix in murine melanoma B16F10 cells. Biosci Trends 2020; 14:23-34. [PMID: 32092745 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Angelica dahurica have long been used as a traditional medicine in Korea to treat various diseases such as toothache and cold. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethanol extract from the roots of this plant on metastatic melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, in B16F10 melanoma cells and B16F10 cell inoculated-C57BL/6 mice. Our results showed that the ethanol extracts of Angelicae dahuricae Radix (EEAD) suppressed cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death in B16F10 cells. EEAD also activated the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway, with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and ration of Bax/Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, EEAD reduced the migration, invasion, and colony formation of B16F10 cells through the reduced expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9. In addition, in vivo results demonstrated that oral administration of EEAD inhibited lactate dehydrogenase activity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity without weight loss in B16F10 cell inoculated-mice. Importantly, EEAD was able to markedly suppress lung hypertrophy, the incidence of B16F10 cells lung metastasis, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lung tissue. Taken together, our findings suggest that EEAD may be useful for managing metastasis and growth of malignant cancers, including melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Da Hye Kwon
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu C, Zhu Y, Pan H, Chen Z, Zhu Q. Current Progresses of Functional Nanomaterials for Imaging Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2494-2506. [PMID: 31642783 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191023130524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor that results in poor disease prognosis due to unsuccessful
treatment options. During the early stages of tumor progression, surgery is the primary approach
that assures a good outcome. However, in the presence of metastasis, melanoma hasbecome almost
immedicable, since the tumors can not be removed and the disease recurs easily in a short period of
time. However, in recent years, the combination of nanomedicine and chemotherapeutic drugs has offered
promising solutions to the treatment of late-stage melanoma. Extensive studies have demonstrated
that nanomaterials and their advanced applications can improve the efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutic
drugs in order to overcome the disadvantages, such as drug resistance, low drug delivery rate and
reduced targeting to the tumor tissue. In the present review, we summarized the latest progress in imaging
diagnosis and treatment of melanoma using functional nanomaterials, including polymers,
liposomes, metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles and carbon-based nanoparticles. These
nanoparticles are reported widely in melanoma chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic
therapy, and hyperthermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Yunjie Zhu
- Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huijun Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cichorek M, Ronowska A, Gensicka-Kowalewska M, Deptula M, Pelikant-Malecka I, Dzierzbicka K. Novel therapeutic compound acridine-retrotuftsin action on biological forms of melanoma and neuroblastoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:165-179. [PMID: 30367436 PMCID: PMC6326014 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a continuation of our search for anticancer agents, we have synthesized a new acridine-retrotuftsin analog HClx9-[Arg(NO2)-Pro-Lys-Thr-OCH3]-1-nitroacridine (named ART) and have evaluated its activity against melanoma and neuroblastoma lines. Both tumors develop from cells (melanocytes, neurons) of neuroectodermal origin, and both are tumors with high heterogeneity and unsatisfactory susceptibility to chemotherapies. Thus, we analyzed the action of ART on pairs of biological forms of melanoma (amelanotic and melanotic) and neuroblastoma (dopaminergic and cholinergic) with regard to proliferation, mechanism of cell death, and effect on the activity of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC) enzymes. METHODS The cytotoxicity of ART was evaluated by XTT and trypan blue tests. Cell death was estimated by plasma membrane structure changes (phosphatidylserine and calreticulin externalization), caspase activation, presence of ROS (reactive oxygen species), activity of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, aconitase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase), NAD level, and ATP level. RESULTS ART influences the biological forms of melanoma and neuroblastoma in different ways. Amelanotic (Ab) melanoma (with the inhibited melanogenesis, higher malignancy) and SHSY5Y neuroblastoma (with cholinergic DC cells) were especially sensitive to ART action. The Ab melanoma cells died through apoptosis, while, with SH-SY5Y-DC neuroblastoma, the number of cells decreased but not as a result of apoptosis. With Ab melanoma and SH-SY5Y-DC cells, a diminished activity of TAC enzymes was noticed, along with ATP/NAD depletion. CONCLUSION Our data show that the biological forms of certain tumors responded in different ways to the action of ART. As a combination of retrotuftsin and acridine, the compound can be an inducer of apoptotic cell death of melanoma, especially the amelanotic form. Although the mechanism of the interrelationships between energy metabolism and cell death is not fully understood, interference of ART with TAC enzymes could encourage the further investigation of its anticancer action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslawa Cichorek
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St, 80-210, Gdansk, PL, Poland.
| | - Anna Ronowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 St, 80-211, Gdansk, PL, Poland
| | - Monika Gensicka-Kowalewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, PL, Poland
| | - Milena Deptula
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St, 80-210, Gdansk, PL, Poland
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St, 80-210, Gdansk, PL, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, PL, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leong SP, Aktipis A, Maley C. Cancer initiation and progression within the cancer microenvironment. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:361-367. [PMID: 29992410 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Within the cancer microenvironment, the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in the primary site as well as in the metastatic site represent a global biological phenomenon. To understand the growth, proliferation and progression of cancer either by local expansion and/or metastasis, it is important to understand the cancer microenvironment and host response to cancer growth. Melanoma is an excellent model to study the interaction of cancer initiation and growth in relationship to its microenvironment. Social evolution with cooperative cellular groups within an organism is what gives rise to multicellularity in the first place. Cancer cells evolve to exploit their cellular environment. The foundations of multicellular cooperation break down in cancer because those cells that misbehave have an evolutionary advantage over their normally behaving neighbors. It is important to classify evolutionary and ecological aspects of cancer growth, thus, data for cancer growth and outcomes need to be collected to define these parameters so that accurate predictions of how cancer cells may proliferate and metastasize can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley P Leong
- Department of Surgery and Melanoma Center, California Pacific Medical Center and Research Institute, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Athena Aktipis
- Arizona Cancer and Evolution Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Carlo Maley
- Arizona Cancer and Evolution Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| |
Collapse
|