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Borkova L, Adamek R, Kalina P, Drašar P, Dzubak P, Gurska S, Rehulka J, Hajduch M, Urban M, Sarek J. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Triterpenoid Thiazoles Derived from Allobetulin, Methyl Betulonate, Methyl Oleanonate, and Oleanonic Acid. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:390-398. [PMID: 28084676 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A total of 41 new triterpenoids were prepared from allobetulone, methyl betulonate, methyl oleanonate, and oleanonic acid to study their influence on cancer cells. Each 3-oxotriterpene was brominated at C2 and substituted with thiocyanate; subsequent cyclization with the appropriate ammonium salts gave N-substituted thiazoles. All compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxic activity on eight cancer cell lines and two non-cancer fibroblasts. 2-Bromoallobetulone (2 b) methyl 2-bromobetulonate (3 b), 2-bromooleanonic acid (5 b), and 2-thiocyanooleanonic acid (5 c) were best, with IC50 values less than 10 μm against CCRF-CEM cells (e.g., 3 b: IC50 =2.9 μm) as well as 2'-(diethylamino)olean-12(13)-eno[2,3-d]thiazole-28-oic acid (5 f, IC50 =9.7 μm) and 2'-(N-methylpiperazino)olean-12(13)-eno[2,3-d]thiazole-28-oic acid (5 k, IC50 =11.4 μm). Compound 5 c leads to the accumulation of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis significantly at 1×IC50 . The G2 /M cell-cycle arrest probably corresponds to the inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis, similar to the mechanism of action of actinomycin D. Compound 5 c is new, active, and nontoxic; it is therefore the most promising compound in this series for future drug development. Methyl 2-bromobetulonate (3 b) and methyl 2-thiocyanometulonate (3 c) were found to inhibit nucleic acid synthesis only at 5×IC50 . We assume that in 3 b and 3 c (unlike in 5 c), DNA/RNA inhibition is a nonspecific event, and an unknown primary cytotoxic target is activated at 1×IC50 or lower concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Borkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Adamek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kalina
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Science, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drašar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Science, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dzubak
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Gurska
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rehulka
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sarek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Grishko VV, Tolmacheva IA, Nebogatikov VO, Galaiko NV, Nazarov AV, Dmitriev MV, Ivshina IB. Preparation of novel ring-A fused azole derivatives of betulin and evaluation of their cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:629-639. [PMID: 27721148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An efficient scheme to synthesize novel ring-A fused heterocyclic derivatives of betulin was developed. The starting reaction of this synthesis was one-pot selective bacterial oxidation of betulin to betulone used as the key compound to synthesize the substituted azoles such as C(2)-C(3)-fused 1,2,3-triazoles, oxazoles and 1,2,4-triazine, as well as C(1)-C(2)-fused isoxazoles. The semi-synthetic compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines A549, HCT 116, HEp-2, MS and RD TE32 with use of the photometric MTT assays. Among the tested compounds, N-acetyltriazole of betulin (10) displayed impressive cytotoxic activity with IC50 2.3-7.5 μM against HCT 116, HEp-2, MS and RD TE32 cell lines as well as 3-methyl-4-oxido-1,2,4-triazine-derivative of betulonic acid (12) that was active against HCT 116 and HEp-2 cell lines with IC50 1.4 and 1.5 μM, respectively. Comparative experiments showed triazole (10) to have a lower cytotoxicity to normal epithelial cells, in comparison with compound (12). In accord with the in vivo acute toxicity test, the LD50 of triazole (10) exceeded 600 mg/kg. The ability of the most potent active triazole (10) to trigger apoptotic cell death was explored in the Annexin V-FITC test and by analyzing of caspase activity and morphological alterations in mitochondria and nuclei of HCT 116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Grishko
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Korolev St. 3, 614013 Perm, Russia.
| | - Irina A Tolmacheva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Korolev St. 3, 614013 Perm, Russia
| | - Vladimir O Nebogatikov
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Korolev St. 3, 614013 Perm, Russia
| | - Natalia V Galaiko
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Korolev St. 3, 614013 Perm, Russia
| | - Alexei V Nazarov
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Korolev St. 3, 614013 Perm, Russia
| | - Maxim V Dmitriev
- Perm State National Research University, Bukirev St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Irena B Ivshina
- Perm State National Research University, Bukirev St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia; Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Golev St. 13, 614081 Perm, Russia
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Heller L, Schwarz S, Obernauer A, Csuk R. Allobetulin derived seco-oleananedicarboxylates act as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2654-6. [PMID: 25980913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ring opening of allobetulone gave either seco-acid 8 or di-acid 4. These acids were converted into esters that were screened by Ellman's assay. A dibutenylester of low cytotoxicity (NIH 3T3 murine embryonic fibroblasts) was shown to be a good mixed-type inhibitor (Ki=3.39, Ki'=2.26μM) for acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Heller
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Bereich Organische Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Bereich Organische Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Obernauer
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Bereich Organische Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Bereich Organische Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Kvasnica M, Urban M, Dickinson NJ, Sarek J. Pentacyclic triterpenoids with nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heterocycles: synthesis and medicinal significance. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:1303-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00015g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are natural compounds which are usually produced by plants as secondary metabolites. Triterpenic heterocycles are compounds with a variety of interesting biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research
- Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacky University
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
- Palacky University
- 77900 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Niall J. Dickinson
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacky University
- Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sarek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
- Palacky University
- 77900 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
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