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Yildiz D, Ciftci A, Yalcin O. The Association between Trauma History, Trauma-Related Psychopathology and Treatment Completion at an Adolescent Inpatient Substance Abuse Treatment Center in Turkey. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1837319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yildiz
- School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ciftci
- Istanbul Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurology, Neurosurgery Research and Trainee Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozhan Yalcin
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Farabee D, Schulte M, Gonzales R, Grella CE. Technological aids for improving longitudinal research on substance use disorders. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:370. [PMID: 27509830 PMCID: PMC4980796 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a broad consensus that addictive behaviors tend to be chronic and relapsing. But for field studies of substance users, successfully tracking, locating, and following up with a representative sample of subjects is a challenge. Methods The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of how current technological aids can support and improve the quality of longitudinal research on substance use disorders. The review is grouped into four domains: (1) tracking and locating, (2) prompting/engaging, (3) incentivizing, and (4) collecting data. Results & conclusions Although the technologies described in this review will be modified or replaced over time, our findings suggest that incorporating some or all of these currently available approaches may improve research efficiency, follow-up rates, and data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Farabee
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
| | - Marya Schulte
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Rachel Gonzales
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Christine E Grella
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
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Coren E, Hossain R, Pardo Pardo J, Bakker B. Interventions for promoting reintegration and reducing harmful behaviour and lifestyles in street-connected children and young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016:CD009823. [PMID: 26760047 PMCID: PMC7096770 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009823.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of street-connected children and young people worldwide live or work in street environments. They are vulnerable to many risks, whether or not they remain connected to families of origin, and despite many strengths and resiliencies, they are excluded from mainstream social structures and opportunities. OBJECTIVES Primary research objectivesTo evaluate and summarise the effectiveness of interventions for street-connected children and young people that aim to:• promote inclusion and reintegration;• increase literacy and numeracy;• facilitate access to education and employment;• promote mental health, including self esteem;• reduce harms associated with early sexual activity and substance misuse. Secondary research objectives• To explore whether effects of interventions differ within and between populations, and whether an equity gradient influences these effects, by extrapolating from all findings relevance for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Peters 2004).• To describe other health, educational, psychosocial and behavioural effects, when appropriate outcomes are reported.• To explore the influence of context in design, delivery and outcomes of interventions.• To explore the relationship between numbers of components and duration and effects of interventions.• To highlight implications of these findings for further research and research methods to improve evidence in relation to the primary research objective.• To consider adverse or unintended outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following bibliographic databases, searched for the original review, from inception to 2012, and various relevant non-governmental and organisational websites: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE and Pre-MEDLINE; EMBASE and EMBASE Classic; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); PsycINFO; Education Resource Information Center (ERIC); Sociological Abstracts; Social Services Abstracts; Social Work Abstracts; Healthstar; Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS); System for Grey literature in Europe (OpenGrey); ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; EconLit; IDEAS Economics and Finance Research; JOLIS Library Catalog of the holdings of the World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund (IMF) Libraries; British Library for Development Studies (BLDS); Google and Google Scholar. We updated the search in April 2015 for the review update, using the same methods. SELECTION CRITERIA This review includes data from harm reduction or reintegration intervention studies that used a comparison group study design; all were randomised or quasi-randomised studies. Studies were included if they evaluated interventions provided for street-connected children and young people, from birth to 24 years, in all contexts. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias and other factors presented in the Discussion and Summary quality assessment (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)). We extracted data on intervention delivery, context, process factors, equity and outcomes, and grouped outcomes into psychosocial outcomes, risky sexual behaviours or substance use. We conducted meta-analyses for outcomes where the outcome measures were sufficiently similar. We evaluated other outcomes narratively. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 studies evaluating 19 interventions from high-income countries (HICs). We found no sufficiently robust evaluations conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Study quality overall was low and measurements used by studies variable. Participants were classified as drop-in and shelter-based. No studies measured the primary outcome of reintegration and none reported on adverse effects.We found no consistent results on a range of relevant outcomes within domains of psychosocial health, substance misuse and sexually risky behaviours . Interventions evaluated consisted of time-limited therapeutically based programmes that proved no more effective than standard shelter or drop-in services and other control interventions used for most outcomes in most studies. Favourable changes from baseline were reported for outcomes for most participants following therapy interventions and standard services. We noted considerable heterogeneity between studies and inconsistent reporting of equity data. No studies measured the primary outcome of reintegration or reported on adverse effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Analysis revealed no consistently significant benefit for focused therapeutic interventions compared with standard services such as drop-in centres, case management and other comparable interventions for street-connected children and young people. Commonly available services, however, were not rigorously evaluated. Robust evaluation of interventions, including comparison with no intervention, would establish a more reliable evidence base to inform service implementation. More robust research is needed in LMICs to examine interventions for street-connected children and young people with different backgrounds and service needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Coren
- Canterbury Christ Church UniversitySchool of Public Health, Midwifery and Social WorkNorth Holmes RoadCanterburyKentUKCT1 1QU
| | - Rosa Hossain
- Canterbury Christ Church UniversityFaculty of Health and WellbeingNorth Holmes RoadCanterburyUKCT11QU
| | - Jordi Pardo Pardo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital ‐ General CampusCentre for Practice‐Changing Research501 Smyth Road, Box 711Room L1258OttawaONCanadaK1H 8L6
| | - Brittany Bakker
- University of OttawaCentre for Global Health, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
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Marel C, Mills K, Darke S, Ross J, Burns L, Teesson M. Can we predict retention in longitudinal studies of substance use? Findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study. Addict Behav 2015. [PMID: 26210911 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies are often threatened by difficulties with sample attrition, high rates of which threaten the validity of study findings. The present study examined methodological and participant characteristics associated with sample retention in the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS) across 3years. METHOD Follow-up interviews were conducted at 3-, 12-, 24-, and 36-months post baseline, with follow-up rates of 89%, 81%, 76% and 70%, respectively. Structured interviews measuring past-month drug use, mental health, criminal involvement and demographic characteristics were administered to participants at baseline and each follow-up. Data were analysed using multinomial logistic regression and generalised estimating equations to produce odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Completing all follow-up interviews was associated with being in treatment (OR 3.62), using other opiates at baseline (OR 3.45), more years of schooling (OR 1.20), and having completed the previous interview (OR 35.04). A history of incarceration was independently associated with not completing follow-up interviews (OR 0.47). CONCLUSION Retention can largely be predicted at study entry, and is unaffected by changes that occur in the interim. These findings highlight the importance of obtaining and maintaining comprehensive locator information, maintaining strong relationships with treatment agencies, as well as the necessity of patience, perseverance and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Marel
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Centre in Mental Health and Substance Use, Australia.
| | - Katherine Mills
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Centre in Mental Health and Substance Use, Australia
| | - Shane Darke
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne Ross
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Centre in Mental Health and Substance Use, Australia
| | - Lucy Burns
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Centre in Mental Health and Substance Use, Australia
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Donovan DM, Hatch-Maillette MA, Phares MM, McGarry E, Peavy KM, Taborsky J. Lessons learned for follow-up phone booster counseling calls with substance abusing emergency department patients. J Subst Abuse Treat 2015; 50:67-75. [PMID: 25534151 PMCID: PMC4305001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-visit "booster" sessions have been recommended to augment the impact of brief interventions delivered in the emergency department (ED). This paper, which focuses on implementation issues, presents descriptive information and interventionists' qualitative perspectives on providing brief interventions over the phone, challenges, "lessons learned", and recommendations for others attempting to implement adjunctive booster calls. METHOD Attempts were made to complete two 20-minute telephone "booster" calls within a week following a patient's ED discharge with 425 patients who screened positive for and had recent problematic substance use other than alcohol or nicotine. RESULTS Over half (56.2%) of participants completed the initial call; 66.9% of those who received the initial call also completed the second call. Median number of attempts to successfully contact participants for the first and second calls were 4 and 3, respectively. Each completed call lasted an average of about 22 minutes. Common challenges/barriers identified by booster callers included unstable housing, limited phone access, unavailability due to additional treatment, lack of compensation for booster calls, and booster calls coming from an area code different than the participants' locale and from someone other than ED staff. CONCLUSIONS Specific recommendations are presented with respect to implementing a successful centralized adjunctive booster call system. Future use of booster calls might be informed by research on contingency management (e.g., incentivizing call completions), smoking cessation quitlines, and phone-based continuing care for substance abuse patients. Future research needs to evaluate the incremental benefit of adjunctive booster calls on outcomes over and above that of brief motivational interventions delivered in the ED setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Donovan
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Mary A Hatch-Maillette
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Melissa M Phares
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Ernest McGarry
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - K Michelle Peavy
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Julie Taborsky
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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Coren E, Hossain R, Pardo JP, Veras MMS, Chakraborty K, Harris H, Martin AJ. Interventions for promoting reintegration and reducing harmful behaviour and lifestyles in street-connected children and young people. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:1140-272. [PMID: 23877940 DOI: 10.1002/ebch.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numbers of street-connected children and young people run into many millions worldwide and include children and young people who live or work in street environments. Whether or not they remain connected to their families of origin, and despite many strengths and resiliencies, they are vulnerable to a range of risks and are excluded from mainstream social structures and opportunities. OBJECTIVES To summarise the effectiveness of interventions for street-connected children and young people that promote inclusion and reintegration and reduce harms. To explore the processes of successful intervention and models of change in this area, and to understand how intervention effectiveness may vary in different contexts. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following bibliographic databases, from inception to 2012, and various relevant non-governmental and organisational websites: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE and PreMEDLINE; EMBASE and EMBASE Classic; CINAHL; PsycINFO; ERIC; Sociological Abstracts; Social Services Abstracts; Social Work Abstracts; Healthstar; LILACS; System for Grey literature in Europe (OpenGrey); ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; EconLit; IDEAS Economics and Finance Research; JOLIS Library Catalog of the holdings of the World Bank Group and IMF Libraries; BLDS (British Library for Development Studies); Google, Google Scholar. SELECTION CRITERIA The review included data from harm reduction or reintegration promotion intervention studies that used a comparison group study design and were all randomised or quasi-randomised studies. Studies were included if they evaluated interventions aimed to benefit street-connected children and young people, aged 0 to 24 years, in all contexts. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Data were extracted on intervention delivery, context, process factors, equity and outcomes. Outcome measures were grouped according to whether they measured psychosocial outcomes, risky sexual behaviours or substance use. A meta-analysis was conducted for some outcomes though it was not possible for all due to differences in measurements between studies. Other outcomes were evaluated narratively. MAIN RESULTS We included 11 studies evaluating 12 interventions from high income countries. We did not find any sufficiently robust evaluations conducted in low and middle income countries (LMICs) despite the existence of many relevant programmes. Study quality overall was low to moderate and there was great variation in the measurement used by studies, making comparison difficult. Participants were drop-in and shelter based. We found no consistent results on a range of relevant outcomes within domains of psychosocial health, substance misuse and sexual risky behaviours despite the many measurements collected in the studies. The interventions being evaluated consisted of time limited therapeutically based programmes which did not prove more effective than standard shelter or drop-in services for most outcomes and in most studies. There were favourable changes from baseline in outcomes for most particpants in therapy interventions and also in standard services. There was considerable heterogeneity between studies and equity data were inconsistently reported. No study measured the primary outcome of reintegration or reported on adverse effects. The review discussion section included consideration of the relevance of the findings for LMIC settings. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Analysis across the included studies found no consistently significant benefit for the 'new' interventions compared to standard services for street-connected children and young people. These latter interventions, however, have not been rigorously evaluated, especially in the context of LMICs. Robustly evaluating the interventions would enable better recommendations to be made for service delivery. There is a need for future research in LMICs that includes children who are on the streets due to urbanisation, war or migration and who may be vulnerable to risks such as trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Coren
- Research Centre for Children, Families and Communities, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK.
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Coren E, Hossain R, Pardo Pardo J, Veras MMS, Chakraborty K, Harris H, Martin AJ. Interventions for promoting reintegration and reducing harmful behaviour and lifestyles in street-connected children and young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD009823. [PMID: 23450609 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009823.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numbers of street-connected children and young people run into many millions worldwide and include children and young people who live or work in street environments. Whether or not they remain connected to their families of origin, and despite many strengths and resiliencies, they are vulnerable to a range of risks and are excluded from mainstream social structures and opportunities. OBJECTIVES To summarise the effectiveness of interventions for street-connected children and young people that promote inclusion and reintegration and reduce harms. To explore the processes of successful intervention and models of change in this area, and to understand how intervention effectiveness may vary in different contexts.. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following bibliographic databases, from inception to 2012, and various relevant non-governmental and organisational websites: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE and PreMEDLINE; EMBASE and EMBASE Classic; CINAHL; PsycINFO; ERIC; Sociological Abstracts; Social Services Abstracts; Social Work Abstracts; Healthstar; LILACS; System for Grey literature in Europe (OpenGrey); ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; EconLit; IDEAS Economics and Finance Research; JOLIS Library Catalog of the holdings of the World Bank Group and IMF Libraries; BLDS (British Library for Development Studies); Google, Google Scholar. SELECTION CRITERIA The review included data from harm reduction or reintegration promotion intervention studies that used a comparison group study design and were all randomised or quasi-randomised studies. Studies were included if they evaluated interventions aimed to benefit street-connected children and young people, aged 0 to 24 years, in all contexts. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Data were extracted on intervention delivery, context, process factors, equity and outcomes. Outcome measures were grouped according to whether they measured psychosocial outcomes, risky sexual behaviours or substance use. A meta-analysis was conducted for some outcomes though it was not possible for all due to differences in measurements between studies. Other outcomes were evaluated narratively. MAIN RESULTS We included 11 studies evaluating 12 interventions from high income countries. We did not find any sufficiently robust evaluations conducted in low and middle income countries (LMICs) despite the existence of many relevant programmes. Study quality overall was low to moderate and there was great variation in the measurement used by studies, making comparison difficult. Participants were drop-in and shelter based. We found no consistent results on a range of relevant outcomes within domains of psychosocial health, substance misuse and sexual risky behaviours despite the many measurements collected in the studies. The interventions being evaluated consisted of time limited therapeutically based programmes which did not prove more effective than standard shelter or drop-in services for most outcomes and in most studies. There were favourable changes from baseline in outcomes for most particpants in therapy interventions and also in standard services. There was considerable heterogeneity between studies and equity data were inconsistently reported. No study measured the primary outcome of reintegration or reported on adverse effects. The review discussion section included consideration of the relevance of the findings for LMIC settings. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Analysis across the included studies found no consistently significant benefit for the 'new' interventions compared to standard services for street-connected children and young people. These latter interventions, however, have not been rigorously evaluated, especially in the context of LMICs. Robustly evaluating the interventions would enable better recommendations to be made for service delivery. There is a need for future research in LMICs that includes children who are on the streets due to urbanisation, war or migration and who may be vulnerable to risks such as trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Coren
- Research Centre for Children, Families and Communities, Canterbury Christ ChurchUniversity, Canterbury, UK.
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