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Ghorbani V, Ghorbian S. Gene expression profiling of lncRNA-HOTAIR and lncRNA-MALAT1 in esophageal cancer: uncovering links to lifestyle factors and diagnostic significance. Discov Oncol 2025; 16:630. [PMID: 40295320 PMCID: PMC12037955 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-02465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Genetic and environmental factors could be affected in EC's onset and development. The potential involvement of lncRNA-HOTAIR and lncRNA-MALAT1 in EC has garnered significant attention in recent studies. Our investigation aimed to examine lncRNA-HOTAIR and lncRNA-MALAT1 gene expression changes in EC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our experimental study focused on 140 patients with malignant EC, comprising 70 paraffin-embedded tumor tissues (FFPE) blocks and 70 FFPE blocks with marginal tissue samples. The relative gene expression levels of lncRNA-HOTAIR and lncRNA-MALAT1 were measured using Real-Time PCR. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and 2-△△CT tests. RESULTS Our analysis revealed a significant increase in tumor expression compared to marginal tissues (P < 0.05). Besides, our research revealed a significant correlation between lncRNA-HOTAIR expression and hot drinks (P = 0.019), metastasis (P = 0.001), and the 5-year survival rate (P = 0.001). We found a significant correlation between lncRNA-MALAT1 expression and alcohol abuse (P = 0.039), hot drinks (P = 0.001), and metastasis (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION The findings indicate a potential carcinogenic effect of lncRNA-HOTAIR and lncRNA-MALAT1 gene expression alterations in EC patients. Also, studying the lncRNA genes can help us identify biomarkers, emphasizing the significance of early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghorbani
- Department of Biology, Ah.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghorbian
- Department of Biology, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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Flores-García LC, García-Castillo V, Pérez-Toledo E, Trujano-Camacho S, Millán-Catalán O, Pérez-Yepez EA, Coronel-Hernández J, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Jacobo-Herrera N, Pérez-Plasencia C. HOTAIR Participation in Glycolysis and Glutaminolysis Through Lactate and Glutamate Production in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2025; 14:388. [PMID: 40072116 PMCID: PMC11898799 DOI: 10.3390/cells14050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2025] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in cancer biology and the mechanisms underlying its regulation represent a promising study area. In this regard, the discovery of non-coding RNAs opened a new regulatory landscape, which is in the early stages of investigation. Using a differential expression model of HOTAIR, we evaluated the expression level of metabolic enzymes, as well as the metabolites produced by glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Our results demonstrated the regulatory effect of HOTAIR on the expression of glycolysis and glutaminolysis enzymes in colorectal cancer cells. Specifically, through the overexpression and inhibition of HOTAIR, we determined its influence on the expression of the enzymes PFKFB4, PGK1, LDHA, SLC1A5, GLUD1, and GOT1, which had a direct impact on lactate and glutamate production. These findings indicate that HOTAIR plays a significant role in producing "oncometabolites" essential to maintaining the bioenergetics and biomass necessary for tumor cell survival by regulating glycolysis and glutaminolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cecilia Flores-García
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (L.C.F.-G.); (V.G.-C.); (E.P.-T.)
| | - Verónica García-Castillo
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (L.C.F.-G.); (V.G.-C.); (E.P.-T.)
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Toledo
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (L.C.F.-G.); (V.G.-C.); (E.P.-T.)
| | - Samuel Trujano-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.T.-C.); (O.M.-C.); (E.A.P.-Y.); (J.C.-H.)
- Experimental Biology PhD Program, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Oliver Millán-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.T.-C.); (O.M.-C.); (E.A.P.-Y.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Eloy Andrés Pérez-Yepez
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.T.-C.); (O.M.-C.); (E.A.P.-Y.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Jossimar Coronel-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.T.-C.); (O.M.-C.); (E.A.P.-Y.); (J.C.-H.)
| | | | - Nadia Jacobo-Herrera
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (L.C.F.-G.); (V.G.-C.); (E.P.-T.)
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (S.T.-C.); (O.M.-C.); (E.A.P.-Y.); (J.C.-H.)
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Lu Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Su W, Wang G, Wang Z. The Kynurenine Pathway and Indole Pathway in Tryptophan Metabolism Influence Tumor Progression. Cancer Med 2025; 14:e70703. [PMID: 40103267 PMCID: PMC11919716 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, is solely acquired through dietary intake. It is vital for protein biosynthesis and acts as a precursor for numerous key bioactive compounds. The Kynurenine Pathway and the Indole Pathway are the main metabolic routes and are extensively involved in the occurrence and progression of diseases in the digestive, nervous, and urinary systems. In the Kynurenine Pathway, enzymes crucial to tryptophan metabolism, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), IDO2, and Trp-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), trigger tumor immune resistance within the tumor microenvironment and nearby lymph nodes by depleting Trp or by activating the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) through its metabolites. Furthermore, IDO1 can influence immune responses via non-enzymatic pathways. The Kynurenine Pathway exerts its effects on tumor growth through various mechanisms, including NAD+ regulation, angiogenesis promotion, tumor metastasis enhancement, and the inhibition of tumor ferroptosis. In the Indole Pathway, indole and its related metabolites are involved in gastrointestinal homeostasis, tumor immunity, and drug resistance. The gut microbiota related to indole metabolism plays a critical role in determining the effectiveness of tumor treatment strategies and can influence the efficacy of immunochemotherapy. It is worth noting that there are conflicting effects of the Kynurenine Pathway and the Indole Pathway on the same tumor phenotype. For example, different tryptophan metabolites affect the cell cycle differently, and indole metabolism has inconsistent protective effects on tumors in different regions. These differences may hold potential for enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Cancer Institute, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Cancer Institute, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jia Zhang
- Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Wan Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of DongyingDongyingShandongChina
| | - Zhongqi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Liu M, Jiang H, Momeni MR. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy by non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer: A narrative review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132732. [PMID: 38823748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
One of the major diseases affecting people globally is colorectal cancer (CRC), which is primarily caused by a lack of effective medical treatment and a limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Cellular autophagy functions to break down and eliminate superfluous proteins and substances, thereby facilitating the continual replacement of cellular elements and generating vital energy for cell processes. Non-coding RNAs and exosomal ncRNAs have a crucial impact on regulating gene expression and essential cellular functions such as autophagy, metastasis, and treatment resistance. The latest research has indicated that specific ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNA to influence the process of autophagy in CRC cells, which could have significant consequences for the advancement and treatment of this disease. It has been determined that a variety of ncRNAs have a vital function in regulating the genes essential for the formation and maturation of autophagosomes. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that ncRNAs have a considerable influence on the signaling pathways associated with autophagy, such as those involving AMPK, AKT, and mTOR. Additionally, numerous ncRNAs have the potential to affect specific genes involved in autophagy. This study delves into the control mechanisms of ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs and examines how they simultaneously influence autophagy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongfang Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mohammad Reza Momeni
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Jalilivand S, Izadirad M, Vazifeh Shiran N, Gharehbaghian A, Naserian S. The effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell exosomes on acute myeloid leukemia's biological functions: a focus on the potential role of LncRNAs. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:108. [PMID: 38777995 PMCID: PMC11111499 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia represents a group of malignant blood disorders that originate from clonal over-proliferation and the differentiation failure of hematopoietic precursors, resulting in the accumulation of blasts in the bone marrow. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to exert diverse effects on tumor cells through direct and indirect interaction. Exosomes, as one of the means of indirect intercellular communication, are released from different types of cells, including MSCs, and their various contents, such as lncRNAs, enable them to exert significant impacts on target cells. Our study aims to investigate the effects of BM-MSC exosomes on the cellular and molecular characterization of HL-60 AML cells, particularly detecting the alterations in the expression of lncRNAs involved in AML leukemogenesis, cell growth, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. BM-MSCs were cultured with serum-free culture media to isolate exosomes from their supernatants. The validation of exosomes was performed in three stages: morphological analysis using TEM, size evaluation using DLS, and CD marker identification using flow cytometry. Subsequently, the HL-60 AML cells were treated with isolated BM-MSC exosomes to determine the impact of their contents on leukemic cells. Cell metabolic activity was evaluated by the MTT assay, while cell cycle progression, apoptosis, ROS levels, and proliferation were assessed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, RT-qPCR was conducted to determine the expression levels of lncRNAs and apoptosis-, ROS-, and cell cycle-related genes. MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis revealed that BM-MSC exosomes considerably suppressed cell metabolic activity, proliferation, and cell cycle progression. Also, these exosomes could effectively increase apoptosis and ROS levels in HL-60 cells. The expression levels of p53, p21, BAX, and FOXO4 were increased, while the BCL2 and c-Myc levels decreased. MALAT1, HOTAIR, and H19 expression levels were also significantly decreased in treated HL-60 cells compared to their untreated counterparts. BM-MSC exosomes suppress cell cycle progression, proliferation, and metabolic activity while simultaneously elevating the ROS index and apoptosis ratio in HL-60 cells, likely by reducing the expression levels of MALAT1, HOTAIR, and H19. These findings suggest that BM-MSC exosomes might serve as potential supportive therapies for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jalilivand
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Izadirad
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Vazifeh Shiran
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang M, Niu X, Wang M, Zheng P, Liu X, Cao Z, Zhang C. Long non-coding RNA RP11-197K6.1 as ceRNA promotes colorectal cancer progression via miR-135a-5p/DLX5 axis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:469. [PMID: 38760791 PMCID: PMC11102157 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates. The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer progression has received considerable attention. The present study aimed to investigate the function and mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1, microRNA-135a-5p (hsa-miR-135a-5p), and DLX5 in CRC development. METHODS We analyzed RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Colorectal Cancer dataset to identify the association between lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 and CRC progression. The expression levels of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 and DLX5 in CRC samples and cell lines were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting assays. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to confirm the cellular localization of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1. Cell migration capabilities were assessed by Transwell and wound healing assays, and flow cytometry was performed to analyze apoptosis. The interaction between lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 and miR-135a-5p and its effect on DLX5 expression were investigated by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, a xenograft mouse model was used to study the in vivo effects of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 on tumor growth, and an immunohistochemical assay was performed to assess DLX5 expression in tumor tissues. RESULTS lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines as compared to that in normal tissues, and its expression was inversely correlated with patient survival. It promoted the migration and metastasis of CRC cells by interacting with miR-135a-5p, alleviated suppression of DLX5 expression, and facilitated tumor growth. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the regulatory network and mechanism of action of the lncRNA RP11-197K6.1/miR-135a-5p/DLX5 axis in CRC development. These findings provided insights into the molecular pathology of CRC and suggested potential therapeutic targets for more effective treatment of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Wang
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xuben Niu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Maihuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Doghish AS, Zaki MB, Eldeib MG, Radwan AF, Moussa R, Abdel-Wahab MM, Kizilaslan EZ, Alhamshry NAA, Ashour AE, Elimam H. The potential relevance of long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and treatment: A review focus on signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155044. [PMID: 38141573 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers in incidence and mortality. Despite advances in cancer biology, molecular genetics, and targeted treatments, CRC prognosis and survival have not kept pace. This is usually due to advanced staging and metastases at diagnosis. Thus, great importance has been placed upon understanding the molecular pathophysiology behind the development of CRC, which has highlighted the significance of non-coding RNA's role and associated intracellular signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease. According to recent studies, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), a subtype of ncRNAs whose length exceeds 200 nucleotides, have been found to have regulatory functions on multiple levels. Their actions at the transcription, post-transcriptional, translational levels, and epigenetic regulation have made them prime modulators of gene expression. Due to their role in cellular cancer hallmarks, their dysregulation has been linked to several illnesses, including cancer. Furthermore, their clinical relevance has expanded due to their possible detection in blood which has cemented them as potential future biomarkers and thus, potential targets for new therapy. This review will highlight the importance of lncRNAs and related signaling pathways in the development of CRC and their subsequent clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Bakr Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Gomaa Eldeib
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Kantara Branch, 41636 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abdullah F Radwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Rewan Moussa
- Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maie M Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Kantara Branch, 41636 Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Nora A A Alhamshry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Abdelkader E Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Hanan Elimam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.
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Tufail M. HOTAIR in colorectal cancer: structure, function, and therapeutic potential. Med Oncol 2023; 40:259. [PMID: 37530984 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
lncRNAs play a vital part in cancer development by regulating gene expression. Among these, the lncRNA HOTAIR has gained considerable attention due to its entanglement in multiple cellular processes, including chromatin remodeling and gene regulation. HOTAIR has a complex structure consisting of multiple domains that interact with various protein complexes and RNA molecules. In colorectal cancer (CRC), HOTAIR expression is upregulated, and its overexpression has been correlated with poor patient prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. HOTAIR has been found to regulate gene expression and promote cancer growth by interacting with specific miRNAs. In addition, HOTAIR has been implicated in the development of treatment resistance in colorectal cancer. To develop effective treatments, it's important to understand how HOTAIR regulates gene expression. This article discusses HOTAIR's structure, functions, and mechanisms in CRC and its potential as a target for therapy. The author also suggests future research directions to better understand HOTAIR's role in CRC progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Ruan J, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Zhao S, Dang Z, Lu M, Li H, Zhang Y, Wang T. Colorectal cancer inhibitory properties of polysaccharides and their molecular mechanisms: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124165. [PMID: 36963537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the three major malignant tumors in the world. The major treatments currently recommended for it are surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, all of which are frequently accompanied by a poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. To limit cell proliferation and metastasis, trigger cell apoptosis, and regulate tumor microenvironment (TME), researchers are focusing attention on investigating highly effective and non-toxic natural medicines. According to the research reported in 89 pieces of related literature, between 2018 and 2021, specialists extracted 48 different types of polysaccharides with CRC inhibitory actions from various plants, including Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo., Nostoc commune Vaucher, and Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. The novel founded mechanisms mainly include: inhibiting cancer cell proliferation by acting on IRS1/PI3K/Akt and IL-6/STAT3 pathways; inducing cancer cell apoptosis by acting on LncRNA HOTAIR/Akt mediated-intrinsic apoptosis, or regulating the TNF-α-mediated extrinsic apoptosis; inducing cancer cell autophagy by acting on endoplasmic reticulum stress or mTOR-TFEB pathway; inhibiting cancer cell metastasis by regulating Smad2/3 and TLR4/JNK pathways; regulating TME in CRC; and maintaining the intestinal barrier. This review will provide more novel research strategies and a solid literature basis for the application of polysaccharides in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Shuwu Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhunan Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Mengqi Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China.
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10
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He J, Wu W. Comprehensive landscape and future perspectives of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC): Based on a bibliometric analysis. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:33-52. [PMID: 36311994 PMCID: PMC9582894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to use bibliometric analysis to sort out, analyze and summarize the knowledge foundation and hot topics in the field of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC), and point out future trends to inspire related research and innovation. We used CiteSpace to analyze publication outputs, countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. Knowledge foundations, hotspots, and future trends were then depicted. The overall research showed the trend of biomedical-oriented multidisciplinary. Much evidence indicates that lncRNA plays the role of oncogene or tumor suppressor in the occurrence and development of CRC. Besides, many lncRNAs have multiple mechanisms. lncRNAs and metastasis of CRC, lncRNAs and drug resistance of CRC, and the clinical application of lncRNAs in CRC are current research hotspots. Through insight into the development trend of lncRNAs in CRC, this study will help researchers extract hidden valuable information for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Faculty Affairs and Human Resources Management Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenhan Wu
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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11
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Bhattacharya A. Epigenetic modifications and regulations in gastrointestinal diseases. EPIGENETICS IN ORGAN SPECIFIC DISORDERS 2023:497-543. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823931-5.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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12
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Mi C, Chen W, Liang T, Xie J, Xu Z, Huang W, Tian P, Zhang S, Dai M, Zhang H. Lnc-HZ05 regulates BPDE-inhibited human trophoblast cell proliferation and affects the occurrence of miscarriage by directly binding with miR-hz05. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:1137-1157. [PMID: 35038060 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09687-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 15-25% pregnant women end with miscarriage in the world. Environmental BaP (benzo(a)pyrene) and its terminal metabolite BPDE (benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide) may result in the dysfunctions of trophoblast cells, which might further lead to RM (recurrent miscarriage). However, potential mechanisms remain unelucidated. In this work, we identified a novel lnc-HZ05 highly expressed and a novel miR-hz05 lowly expressed in both trophoblast cells exposed to BPDE and human RM tissues. MiR-hz05 reduces FOXO3a mRNA level by weakening its mRNA stability. Lnc-HZ05 increases the expression of FOXO3a by acting as a ceRNA for miR-hz05, and then increases P21 level and reduces CDK2 level. Thus, cell cycle is arrested at G0/G1 phase and trophoblast proliferation is inhibited. Lnc-HZ05 harboring wild-type binding site for miR-hz05, but not its mutant site, could upregulate FOXO3a expression. In normal trophoblast cells, relatively less lnc-HZ05 and more miR-hz05 activate FOXO3a/P21/CDK2 pathway and promote trophoblast proliferation, giving normal pregnancy. In RM tissues and BPDE-treated human trophoblast cells, lnc-HZ05 is increased and miR-hz05 is reduced, both of which suppress this pathway and inhibit cell proliferation, and finally lead to miscarriage. Thus, lnc-HZ05 and miR-hz05 simultaneously regulate cell cycle and proliferation of BPDE-exposed trophoblast cells and miscarriage, providing new perspectives and clinical understandings in the occurrence of unexplained miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Mi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weina Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiayu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Peng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengyuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Huidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Research Center for Environment and Female Reproductive Health, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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13
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Xiang J, Gao L, Jing HY, Liu YX, Wang HF, Chang ZW, Liu SH, Yu L, Wang GY. Construction of CeRNA regulatory network based on WGCNA reveals diagnosis biomarkers for colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:991. [PMID: 36115953 PMCID: PMC9482270 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of death among cancers in the world. Although improvements in various treatments have greatly improved the survival time of colorectal cancer patients, since colorectal cancer is often at an advanced stage when diagnosed, the prognosis of patients is still very poor. Since the ceRNA regulatory network was proposed in 2011, it has greatly promoted the study of the molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer occurrence and development. Objective Exploring the new molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer occurrence and development and providing new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Method We analyzed the RNA-seq data of CRC from TCGA, such as differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and construction of ceRNA regulatory network. Results We constructed a ceRNA network using RNA-seq data of CRC from TCGA. In the ceRNA regulatory network, 19 hub molecules with significant prognostic effects were ultimately identified, including 8 lncRNAs, 2 mRNAs and 9 miRNAs. These hub molecules constitute the lncRNA-miRNA, miRNA-mRNA or lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis. Conclusion In this article, some new ceRNA regulatory axes have been discovered, which may potentially disclose new molecular mechanisms for the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, thereby providing an important blueprint for the treatment and prognosis assessment of CRC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10054-z.
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14
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Kulkarni A, Gayathrinathan S, Nair S, Basu A, Al-Hilal TA, Roy S. Regulatory Roles of Noncoding RNAs in the Progression of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Health Disparities. Cells 2022; 11:2448. [PMID: 35954293 PMCID: PMC9367924 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Annually, more than a million individuals are diagnosed with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers worldwide. With the advancements in radio- and chemotherapy and surgery, the survival rates for GI cancer patients have improved in recent years. However, the prognosis for advanced-stage GI cancers remains poor. Site-specific GI cancers share a few common risk factors; however, they are largely distinct in their etiologies and descriptive epidemiologic profiles. A large number of mutations or copy number changes associated with carcinogenesis are commonly found in noncoding DNA regions, which transcribe several noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are implicated to regulate cancer initiation, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the regulatory functions of ncRNAs in GI cancer development, progression, chemoresistance, and health disparities. We also highlight the potential roles of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers, mainly focusing on their ethnicity-/race-specific prognostic value, and discuss the prospects of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the contribution of ncRNAs in GI tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Sharan Gayathrinathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Soumya Nair
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Anamika Basu
- Copper Mountain College, Joshua Tree, CA 92252, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Taslim A. Al-Hilal
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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15
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Antiproliferative effects of levan polysaccharide against colorectal cancer cells mediated through oxidative stress-stimulated HOTAIR/Akt signaling pathway: In vitro. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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16
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Combination of resveratrol and BIBR1532 inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cells by repressing expression of LncRNAs. Med Oncol 2021; 39:12. [PMID: 34779924 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. The development of tumor drug resistance is observed in the treatment of CRC. Combinations of anticancer agents are attracting considerable interest in order to overcome drug resistance in CRC. This study aims to investigate the effect of resveratrol and BIBR1532, either alone or in combination, on the cell viability as well as on expression of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) for HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. The cytotoxic effects of resveratrol and BIBR1532 on HT-29 cells were determined using WST-1 test. Flow cytometry was used to determine apoptotic cell death after treatments. Real-Time PCR was used to identify expression of LncRNAs after treatments. LncExpDB and GEPIA2 were used to evaluate expression profiles of LncRNAs, whose expression levels were decreased in HT-29 cells after treatments, in normal tissues and colon adenocarcinoma tumors. IC50 concentrations of BIBR1532 and resveratrol were found to be 50.81 μM at 48 h and 86.23 μM at 72 h, respectively. Combination index value was 1.07617. BIBR1532, resveratrol, or their combination reduced the cell viability of HT-29 cells. CCAT1, CRNDE, HOTAIR, PCAT1, PVT1, SNHG16 were down-regulated after treatments. In silico analysis revealed that LncRNAs whose expression levels were decreased after treatments were associated with CRC. Resveratrol, BIBR1532, or their combination may have anti-proliferative effect on colorectal cancer cells through repressing expression of LncRNAs that are involved in progression of CRC.
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17
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Tang C, Liu J, Hu Q, Zeng S, Yu L. Metastatic colorectal cancer: Perspectives on long non-coding RNAs and promising therapeutics. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174367. [PMID: 34303661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has long been lethal despite the continuous efforts of researchers worldwide to discover and improve therapeutic regimens. Thanks to the emergence of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which has strongly reshaped our inherent perspectives on the pathophysiological patterns of disease, research in the field has been reinvigorated. Here, we focus on current understanding of the modes of action of lncRNAs, and review their regulatory roles in metastatic colorectal cancer, and discuss correlated potential lncRNA-based therapeutics. All of the discussed studies share clear and promising perspectives on future diagnostic and therapeutic remedies for metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Tang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Junqing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 322023, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lushan Yu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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18
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Huang Y, Wang L, Liu D. HOTAIR regulates colorectal cancer stem cell properties and promotes tumorigenicity by sponging miR-211-5p and modulating FLT-1. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1999-2009. [PMID: 34470574 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1962636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We intended to investigate the underlying mechanism of action of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, especially in tumor cell stemness. For that purpose, different assays were performed such as real-time PCR and western blotting to determine the expression of target genes. Cell stemness was determined by sphere formation assay, flow cytometry assay, and the analysis of stemness-related markers. The interplay among target genes was evaluated using bioinformatics analyses, luciferase reporter and biotin-labeled RNA pull down assays. We found that HOTAIR was highly expressed and predicted poor prognosis survival in CRC. Downregulation of HOTAIR repressed tumor malignant behaviors and cancer stemness. Mechanistically, HOTAIR facilitated the expression of the microRNA (miR)-211-5p target gene fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (FLT-1), thereby modulating cancer stem cell (CSC) properties in CRC. We conclude that HOTAIR/miR-211-5p/FLT-1 axis contributes to CRC cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
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19
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Xin X, Li Q, Fang J, Zhao T. LncRNA HOTAIR: A Potential Prognostic Factor and Therapeutic Target in Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679244. [PMID: 34367966 PMCID: PMC8340021 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators of gene expression and physiological processes. LncRNAs are a class of ncRNAs of 200 nucleotides in length. HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), a trans-acting lncRNA with regulatory function on transcription, can repress gene expression by recruiting chromatin modifiers. HOTAIR is an oncogenic lncRNA, and numerous studies have determined that HOTAIR is highly upregulated in a wide variety of human cancers. In this review, we briefly summarize the impact of lncRNA HOTAIR expression and functions on different human solid tumors, and emphasize the potential of HOTAIR on tumor prognosis and therapy. Here, we review the recent studies that highlight the prognostic potential of HOTAIR in drug resistance and survival, and the progress of therapies developed to target HOTAIR to date. Furthermore, targeting HOTAIR results in the suppression of HOTAIR expression or function. Thus, HOTAIR knockdown exhibits great therapeutic potential in various cancers, indicating that targeting lncRNA HOTAIR may serve as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. We also propose that preclinical studies involving HOTAIR are required to provide a better understanding of the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of its expression and function in different human cancers and to explore effective methods of targeting HOTAIR and engineering efficient and targeted drug delivery methods in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Xin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qianan Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jinyong Fang
- Department of Science and Education, Jinhua Guangfu Oncology Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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20
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Ostovarpour M, Khalaj-Kondori M, Ghasemi T. Correlation between expression levels of lncRNA FER1L4 and RB1 in patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4581-4589. [PMID: 34132945 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major life-threatening malignancy. Studies demonstrated the lncRNA fer-1 like family member 4 (FER1L4) was downregulated in different cancers and its expression was positively correlated with the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) mRNA in a competing endogenous RNAs network. We investigated expression levels of FER1L4 and RB1 in patients with colorectal cancer. 50 paired colorectal tumors and non-tumor marginal tissues, 30 paired adenomatous colorectal polyps (ACPs) and matched adjacent normal tissues were obtained from the patients. Total RNA was extracted from the samples and cDNAs were synthesized. Their expression was quantified by qRT-PCR. Correlation between FER1L4 and RB1 expression levels was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Finally, ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate their biomarker potency. We observed significant downregulation of FER1L4, but upregulation of RB1 in the colorectal tumors compared with non-tumor and the polyp tissues. However, RB1 expression was positively correlated with FER1L4 expression both in the tumor and polyp samples. ROC curve analysis showed both FER1L4 and RB1 expression levels could discriminate tumor from non-tumor and tumor from polyp samples. None of the clinicopathological characteristics of patients were associated with FER1L4 or RB1 expression levels. Despite the downregulation of FER1L4 and upregulation of RB1 in tumors compared with non-tumor tissues, the expression of RB1 was positively correlated with the expression of FER1L4 in the colorectal tumor as well as in the polyp tissues. FER1L4 expression level might be considered as a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Ostovarpour
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Tayyebeh Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Hu L, Liu J, Meng Y, Zheng H, Ding C, Wang H, Charwudzi A, Li M, Li J, Zhai Z, Xiong S. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR regulates myeloid differentiation through the upregulation of p21 via miR-17-5p in acute myeloid leukaemia. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1434-1444. [PMID: 33241756 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1854520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR has been reported to play a key role in regulating various biological processes in various cancers. However, the roles and mechanisms of HOTAIR in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are still unclear and need to be investigated. In this study, we induced differentiation of four AML cell lines by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and found HOTAIR was significantly upregulated in the process. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicated that C/EBPβ upregulated HOTAIR during ATRA induced differentiation in HL-60 cells. By gain- and loss-of-function analysis, we then observed that HOTAIR expression was positively correlated with ATRA-induced differentiation and negatively regulated G1 phase arrest in HL-60 cells. In addition, we found that HOTAIR promoted ATRA-induced differentiation via the regulation of the cell cycle regulator p21 via miR-17-5p. Moreover, we detected the expression of HOTAIR in 84 de novo AML patients, HOTAIR was found significantly downregulated in the AML patients compared to the iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) control group, negatively correlated with the platelet level in M2 patients. In all, our data suggest that HOTAIR may be subtype-specific in AML-M2 patients, also HOTAIR regulates AML differentiation by C/EBPBβ/HOTAIR/miR-17-5p/p21 pathway. The findings of the present study provide a novel insight into the mechanism of lncRNA-mediated differentiation and indicate that HOTAIR may be a promising therapeutic target for leukaemia, especially for AML with M2 type.Abbreviation: AML: acute myeloid leukaemia; APL: acute promyelocytic leukaemia; ATRA: all-trans retinoic acid; CCK8: cell Counting Kit-8; CDKs: cyclin-dependent kinases ; CeRNA: competing endogenous RNAs; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CHX: cycloheximide; FAB: French-American-British; FCM: flow cytometry; HOTAIR: HOX transcript antisense RNA; IDA: iron-deficiency anemia; lncRNA: long non-coding RNA; 3'UTR: 3'untranslated region; MT: Mutation type; WT: Wild type; qRT-PCR: Quantitative real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Hu
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Meng
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Ding
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Alice Charwudzi
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Li
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrong Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shudao Xiong
- Department of Hematology/Hematological Lab, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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22
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Silencing of lncRNA EZR-AS1 inhibits proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells through blocking transforming growth factor β signaling. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220864. [PMID: 31693738 PMCID: PMC6851510 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a key regulatory role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, the specific regulatory role of lncRNA ezrin antisense RNA 1 (EZR-AS1) on CRC was investigated. The expression of lncRNA EZR-AS1 was significantly up-regulated in CRC cell lines (HCT8, HCT116, HT29, and SW620 cells), which was significantly different from that of normal human fetal colonic mucosa cells (FHC cells) (P<0.01). HCT116 and HT29 cells were then transfected with EZR-AS1 shRNA (sh-EZR-AS1) to silence lncRNA EZR-AS1 (P<0.01). When compared with the Control, after transfection of SH-EZR-AS1, E-cadherin was up-regulated, Vimentin was down-regulated, the apoptosis rate was increased, the cell viability, wound healing rate, and the number of invasive cells were decreased in HCT116 and HT29 cells (P<0.05). Silencing of lncRNA EZR-AS also significantly reduced the tumor volume and weight in mice injected with sh-EZR-AS1-transfected HCT116 and HT29 cells (P<0.05). The regulatory relationship between lncRNA EZR-AS1 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling was further identified in CRC cells. Silencing of lncRNA EZR-AS1 significantly down-regulated TGF-β, Smad2, and α-SMA expression in HCT116 and HT29 cells at the protein level (P<0.05). The intervention of SB431542 (a TGF-β receptor blocker) and silencing of Smad2 both significantly down-regulated lncRNA EZR-AS1 expression in HCT116 and HT29 cells (P<0.01). In conclusion, silencing of lncRNA EZR-AS1 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells through blocking TGF-β signaling.
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Li H, Cui Z, Lv X, Li J, Gao M, Yang Z, Bi Y, Zhang Z, Wang S, Li S, Zhou B, Yin Z. Long Non-coding RNA HOTAIR Function as a Competing Endogenous RNA for miR-149-5p to Promote the Cell Growth, Migration, and Invasion in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:528520. [PMID: 33102210 PMCID: PMC7545358 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.528520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death all around the world. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to be involved in carcinogenesis of malignancies. However, the molecular mechanism of most lncRNAs in various kinds of cancers remains unclear. LncRNA HOTAIR and HNRNPA1 are reported to play an oncogenic role in non-small cell lung cancer, and the overexpression of HNRNPA1 is shown to promote the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. In our study, we find that the overexpression of HOTAIR could promote the proliferation and overexpression of miR-149-5p could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis determines that overexpression of miR-149-5p induces cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phases, whereas overexpression of HOTAIR decreases the proportion of G0/G1phase cells. Also, overexpression of HOTAIR promotes the migration and invasion ability of lung cancer cells, confirmed by the wound-healing and transwell assays, which are suppressed by overexpression of miR-149-5p. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase reporter assay indicates that miR-149-5p could bind both HOTAIR and the 3′UTR of HNRNPA1. In summary, we find that HOTAIR can regulate HNRNPA1 expression through a ceRNA mechanism by sequester miR-149-5p, which post-transcriptionally targets HNRNPA1, thus promoting lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhigang Cui
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoting Lv
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zitai Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanhong Bi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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Walczak K, Wnorowski A, Turski WA, Plech T. Kynurenic acid and cancer: facts and controversies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1531-1550. [PMID: 31659416 PMCID: PMC7162828 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan metabolite exerting neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties in the brain. However, its importance on the periphery is still not fully elucidated. KYNA is produced endogenously in various types of peripheral cells, tissues and by gastrointestinal microbiota. Furthermore, it was found in several products of daily human diet and its absorption in the digestive tract was evidenced. More recent studies were focused on the potential role of KYNA in carcinogenesis and cancer therapy; however, the results were ambiguous and the biological activity of KYNA in these processes has not been unequivocally established. This review aims to summarize the current views on the relationship between KYNA and cancer. The differences in KYNA concentration between physiological conditions and cancer, as well as KYNA production by both normal and cancer cells, will be discussed. The review also describes the effect of KYNA on cancer cell proliferation and the known potential molecular mechanisms of this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Walczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar A Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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25
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Liu Y, Chen X, Chen X, Liu J, Gu H, Fan R, Ge H. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR knockdown enhances radiosensitivity through regulating microRNA-93/ATG12 axis in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:175. [PMID: 32144238 PMCID: PMC7060216 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global healthcare problem. Radioresistance is a huge setback for CRC radiotherapy. In this text, the roles and molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in CRC tumorigenesis and radioresistance were further investigated. ATG12 mRNA, HOTAIR, and microRNA-93 (miR-93) levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Protein levels of LC3 I, LC3 II, p62, ATG12, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were detected by western blotting assay in cells and were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay in tissues. Cell survival fractions, viability, and apoptotic rates were determined by clonogenic survival assay, CCK-8 assay, and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The relationships of HOTAIR, miR-93, and ATG12 were tested by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. Mouse xenograft tumor models were established to investigate the influence of HOTAIR knockdown on CRC radioresistance in vivo. We found that HOTAIR expression was markedly upregulated in plasma from CRC patients after radiotherapy and CRC cells after irradiation. HOTAIR knockdown, miR-93 overexpression, or ATG12 silencing weakened cell viability, induced cell apoptosis, inhibited cell autophagy, and enhanced cell radiosensitivity in CRC. HOTAIR exerted its functions by downregulating miR-93. Moreover, HOTAIR functioned as a molecular sponge of miR-93 to regulate ATG12 expression. ATG12 protein expression was markedly upregulated and associated with miR-93 and HOTAIR expression in CRC tissues. Furthermore, HOTAIR knockdown enhanced radiosensitivity of CRC xenograft tumors by regulating miR-93/ATG12 axis. In conclusion, HOTAIR knockdown potentiated radiosensitivity through regulating miR-93/ATG12 axis in CRC, further elucidating the roles and molecular basis of HOTAIR in CRC radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiling Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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26
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Chen S, Zhang C, Feng M. Prognostic Value of LncRNA HOTAIR in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:76-83. [PMID: 32104724 PMCID: PMC7029652 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is one of the most studied long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and is aberrantly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). We thus performed a comprehensive study based on meta-analysis and validation of the TCGA database to investigate clinicopathological and prognostic value of HOTAIR in CRC. Six studies enrolling 629 CRC patients were included in the analysis. The results indicated that high HOTAIR expression predicted worse OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.82-3.32, P < 0.01) and RFS (HR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.27-3.05, P < 0.01) for CRC patients. High HOTAIR expression was also significantly associated with venous invasion (OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.12-5.68, P = 0.02), advanced tumor infiltration (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.34-8.42, P = 0.01) and distant metastasis (OR = 5.52, 95% CI: 1.22-25.01, P = 0.03). Then, the results were validated by the TCGA database, showing that the up-regulated expression of HOTAIR was significantly related to poor OS (P = 0.01) and RFS (P = 0.04) in CRC. Our meta-analysis indicated that high HOTAIR expression was closely associated with poor clinical outcomes and could be a reliable prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqian Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Maohui Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan430071, China
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27
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He Q, Long J, Yin Y, Li Y, Lei X, Li Z, Zhu W. Emerging Roles of lncRNAs in the Formation and Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1542. [PMID: 32010629 PMCID: PMC6978842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide; however, specific and sensitive tools for the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of CRC are currently lacking. High-throughput sequencing technology revealed that gene expression of long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in a number of cancers directly or indirectly interferes with various biological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs regulate target genes and play an important role in the biological processes of malignancies, including CRC. Many carcinostatic/oncogenic lncRNAs have been identified as biomarkers for metastasis and prognosis in CRC; hence, they serve as therapeutic tools. In this article, we systematically review the literature on the disordered lncRNAs in CRC from four aspects: DNA transcription, RNA level regulation, post-translational level, and the translation of lncRNAs into polypeptides. Subsequently, we analyze the mechanism through which lncRNAs participate in the biological process of CRC. Finally, we discuss the application and prospects of these lncRNAs in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiali Long
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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28
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Zhao Y, Tang X, Huang Y, Tang Q, Ma C, Zheng F, Wu W, Hann SS. Interaction Of c-Jun And HOTAIR- Increased Expression Of p21 Converge In Polyphyllin I-Inhibited Growth Of Human Lung Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10115-10127. [PMID: 31819506 PMCID: PMC6883933 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s226830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Previously we demonstrated that polyphyllin I (PPI), a bioactive component extracted from Paris polyphylla, inhibited the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells through the SAPK/JNK-mediated suppressing p65, DNMT1 and EZH2 expressions. However, the molecular mechanism underlying anti-lung cancer effect by PPI still remain elusive. Purpose In this current study, we further explored the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-lung cancer effect of PPI. Methods MTT, Cell-LightTM EdU DNA cell proliferation and colony formation assays were used to measure cell growth. Western blot were used to examine protein levels of c-Jun and p21. The expression level of long non-codingth RNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) was measured by qRT-PCR. The p21 promoter activity was measured by Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. The transient transfection experiments were used to silence and overexpression of c-Jun, p21 and HOTAIR. Tumor xenograft and bioluminescent imaging experiments were carried out to confirm the in vitro findings. Results We showed that PPI suppressed growth of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, we observed that PPI reduced expression of HOTAIR, while increased transcription factor c-Jun protein levels. Additionally, PPI also induced protein expression and promoter activity of p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. While exogenously expressed HOTAIR showed no effect on c-Jun levels, silencing of c-Jun significantly reversed the PPI-inhibited HOTAIR expression. Moreover, excessive expressed c-Jun further enhanced PPI-inhibited HOTAIR expression and PPI-induced p21 protein levels. Intriguingly, overexpression of HOTAIR and silencing of c-Jun overcame the PPI-induced p21 protein and promoter activity. Finally, silencing of p21 neutralized the PPI-inhibited cell proliferation. Similar results were also found in one xenograft mouse model. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that PPI inhibits growth of NSCLC cells through regulation of HOTAIR and c-Jun expressions, which lead to induction of p21 gene. The interactions among HOTAIR, c-Jun and p21 regulatory axis converge in the overall anti-lung cancer effect of PPI. This study unveils an additional new mechanism for the anti-lung cancer role of PPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- YueYang Zhao
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology.,Department of Hematology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - WanYin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, People's Republic of China
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29
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Bermúdez M, Aguilar-Medina M, Lizárraga-Verdugo E, Avendaño-Félix M, Silva-Benítez E, López-Camarillo C, Ramos-Payán R. LncRNAs as Regulators of Autophagy and Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1008. [PMID: 31632922 PMCID: PMC6783611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with 1. 8 million cases in 2018. Autophagy helps to maintain an adequate cancer microenvironment in order to provide nutritional supplement under adverse conditions such as starvation and hypoxia. Additionally, most of the cases of CRC are unresponsive to chemotherapy, representing a significant challenge for cancer therapy. Recently, autophagy induced by therapy has been shown as a unique mechanism of resistance to anticancer drugs. In this regard, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) analysis are important for cancer detection, progression, diagnosis, therapy response, and prognostic values. With increasing development of quantitative detection techniques, lncRNAs derived from patients' non-invasive samples (i.e., blood, stools, and urine) has become into a novel approach in precision oncology. Tumorspecific GAS5, HOTAIR, H19, and MALAT are novels CRC related lncRNAs detected in patients. Nonetheless, the effect and mechanism of lncRNAs in cancer autophagy and chemoresistance have not been extensively characterized. Chemoresistance and autophagy are relevant for cancer treatment and lncRNAs play a pivotal role in resistance acquisition for several drugs. LncRNAs such as HAGLROS, KCNQ1OT1, and H19 are examples of lncRNAs related to chemoresistance leaded by autophagy. Finally, clinical implications of lncRNAs in CRC are relevant, since they have been associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size, histological grade, histological types, Dukes staging, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, recurrent free survival, and overall survival (OS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Erik Lizárraga-Verdugo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Mariana Avendaño-Félix
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | - Cesar López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalío Ramos-Payán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
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30
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Yokota K, Tanaka Y, Harada H, Kaida T, Nakamoto S, Soeno T, Fujiyama Y, Yokota M, Kojo K, Miura H, Yamanashi T, Sato T, Nakamura T, Watanabe M, Yamashita K. WiNTRLINC1/ASCL2/c-Myc Axis Characteristics of Colon Cancer with Differentiated Histology at Young Onset and Essential for Cell Viability. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:4826-4834. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Ismail DM, Shaker OG, Kandeil MA, Hussein RM. Gene Expression of the Circulating Long Noncoding RNAH19andHOTAIRin Egyptian Colorectal Cancer Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:671-680. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dina M. Ismail
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Olfat G. Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
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32
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Wu J, Liu L, Jin H, Li Q, Wang S, Peng B. LncSNHG3/miR-139-5p/BMI1 axis regulates proliferation, migration, and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6623-6638. [PMID: 31692508 PMCID: PMC6708045 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s196630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence has revealed that lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) is involved in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in various tumors. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of SNHG3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still not fully explored. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was employed to detect the expression of SNHG3, miR-139-5p, and BMI1. Colony assay and MTT assay were used to detect the proliferation. Transwell assay was introduced to measure the migration and invasion ability. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were used to confirm the relationship between SNHG3, miR-139-5p, and BMI1. An animal experiment was adopted to detect the function of SNHG3 in vivo. RESULTS SNHG3 and BMI1 were upregulated in HCC, while miR-139-5p was downregulated. Knockdown of SNHG3 or BMI1 and overexpression of miR-139-5p could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC. miR-139-5p was a target of SNHG3 and BMI1 was a direct target mRNA of miR-139-5p. Silencing SNHG3 could impair the tumor progression in vivo. CONCLUSION The lncRNA SNHG3/miR-139-5p/BMI1 axis plays an important role in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilin Jin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shutong Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baogang Peng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Sun F, Liang W, Qian J. The identification of CRNDE, H19, UCA1 and HOTAIR as the key lncRNAs involved in oxaliplatin or irinotecan resistance in the chemotherapy of colorectal cancer based on integrative bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3583-3596. [PMID: 31432188 PMCID: PMC6755158 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing rate of chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with advanced tumor stages, it is a matter of urgent importance to delineate the factors involved in the drug resistance process. In this study, gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and an integrated analysis with the aim of detecting hub long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their regulated, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during treatment with oxaliplatin (OxPt) or irinotecan was conducted. A total of seven differentially expressed lncRNAs were correlated with OxPt resistance and 21 were correlated with resistance to SN‑38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis confirmed that drug resistance was strongly associated with an imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell energetic metabolism under hypoxic conditions, and angiogenesis. Moreover, a large number of lncRNA‑targeted DEGs were located in extracellular exosomes. Further analyses identified four hub lncRNAs involved in the process of drug resistance, including CRNDE, H19, UCA1 and HOTAIR, which are predictive factors for treatment sensitivity. Among them, HOTAIR stands out as a strong factor, the elevated expression of which is also associated with advanced tumor node and metastasis stage and poor CRC disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Sun
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention) China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qian
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU‑UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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34
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p21 WAF1/Cip1 Regulation by hYSK1 Activates SP-1 Transcription Factor and Increases MMP-2 Expression under Hypoxic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020310. [PMID: 30646538 PMCID: PMC6359055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hYSK1, a serine/threonine kinase (STK)-25, has been implicated in a variety of cellular functions including cell migration and polarity. We have recently reported that hYSK1 down-regulated the expression and functions of p16INK4a, a cell cycle regulatory protein, thereby enhancing migration and growth of cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. In this study, we further investigated the mechanisms underlying downregulation of p16INK4a and anti-migratory function of hYSK1. Our study revealed that p21WAF1/Cip1 is a novel binding partner of hYSK1. Moreover, the interaction between hYSK1 and p21WAF1/Cip1 led to the inhibition of SP-1 transcriptional activity, as revealed by a significant down-regulation of SP-1-mediated transactivation of p16INK4a promoter, and accelerated MMP-2 expression. Conversely, the knock-down of hYSK1 enhanced the p16INK4a promoter activity and protein expression, and diminished MMP-2 transcription and protein levels in hypoxic conditions as compared to control. Taken together, hYSK1 blocks the p21WAF1/Cip1 functions by direct interaction and inhibits the p16INK4a expression and induces MMP-2 expression by its regulations of SP-1 transcriptional activity under the hypoxia conditions.
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