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Man RJ, Jeelani N, Zhou C, Yang YS. Recent Progress in the Development of Quinoline Derivatives for the Exploitation of Anti-Cancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:825-838. [PMID: 32416703 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200516150345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with the progress in medicine and therapies, the exploitation of anti-cancer agents focused more on the vital signaling pathways and key biological macromolecules. With rational design and advanced synthesis, quinoline derivatives have been utilized frequently in medicinal chemistry, especially in developing anti-cancer drugs or candidates. METHODS Using DOI searching, articles published before 2020 all over the world have been reviewed as comprehensively as possible. RESULTS In this review, we selected the representative quinoline derivate drugs in market or clinical trials, classified them into five major categories with detailed targets according to their main mechanisms, discussed the relationship within the same mechanism, and generated a summative discussion with prospective expectations. For each mechanism, the introduction of the target was presented, with the typical examples of quinoline derivate drugs. CONCLUSION This review has highlighted the quinoline drugs or candidates, suited them into corresponding targets in their pathways, summarized and discussed. We hope that this review may help the researchers who are interested in discovering quinoline derivate anti-cancer agents obtain considerable understanding of this specific topic. Through the flourishing period and the vigorous strategies in clinical trials, quinoline drugs would be potential but facing new challenges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Jun Man
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Nasreen Jeelani
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chongchen Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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De Mello RA, Zhu JH, Iavelberg J, Potim AH, Simonetti D, Silva JA, Castelo-Branco P, Pozza DH, Tajima CC, Tolia M, Antoniou G. Current and future aspects of TIM-3 as biomarker or as potential targeted in non-small cell lung cancer scope: is there a role in clinical practice? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:2311-2314. [PMID: 33489794 PMCID: PMC7815370 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Andrade De Mello
- Post-graduation Program in Medicine, Precision Oncology & Health Economics Research Group (OncoPRECH), Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Medical Oncology/Oncotorax Group, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Algarve Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve (UALG), Faro, Portugal
| | - Jin-Hui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jairo Iavelberg
- Post-graduation Program in Medicine, Precision Oncology & Health Economics Research Group (OncoPRECH), Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur Henrique Potim
- Post-graduation Program in Medicine, Precision Oncology & Health Economics Research Group (OncoPRECH), Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Simonetti
- Post-graduation Program in Medicine, Precision Oncology & Health Economics Research Group (OncoPRECH), Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Silva
- Post-graduation Program in Medicine, Precision Oncology & Health Economics Research Group (OncoPRECH), Faculty of Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve (UALG), Faro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Humberto Pozza
- Department of Biomedicine & I3S, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Chizuru Tajima
- Hospital São José & Hospital São Joaquim-Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiotherapy/Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larisa, Biopolis, Greece
| | - Georgio Antoniou
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Mont Vernon Cancer Center, London, UK
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A phase I trial of temsirolimus and erlotinib in patients with refractory solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 87:337-347. [PMID: 33159216 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance to treatment with inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is partially mediated by activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We conducted a phase I study to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of temsirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) combined with erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor) in patients with refractory solid tumors. METHODS Standard "3 + 3" design was used for dose escalation. An expansion cohort at RP2D included only patients with squamous histology or mutations relevant to PI3K or EGFR pathway activation. Patients started daily erlotinib 7 days prior to starting temsirolimus on cycle 1. Intravenous temsirolimus was then administered weekly. Starting dose levels were 15 mg for temsirolimus and 100 mg for erlotinib. RESULTS Forty-four patients received treatment on this study (28 in dose escalation and 16 in the expansion cohort). The RP2D was temsirolimus 25 mg IV weekly and erlotinib 100 mg orally daily. Two patients experienced DLTs (G3 dehydration and G4 renal failure). The most common drug-related adverse events (all grades) were rash, mucositis/stomatitis, diarrhea, nausea and fatigue. No complete or partial responses were observed. The median duration on this study was 69 days (range 3-770) for escalation and 88 days (range 25-243) for expansion cohorts. Among 11 response-evaluable patients in the expansion cohort, 9 (82%) had stable disease and 2 (18%) had progressive disease. CONCLUSION The combination of temsirolimus and erlotinib at the RP2D was well tolerated, and the regimen resulted in prolonged disease stabilization in selected patients (NCT00770263).
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De Mello RA, Aguiar PN, Tadokoro H, Farias-Vieira TM, Castelo-Branco P, de Lima Lopes G, Pozza DH. MetaLanc9 as a novel biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer: promising treatments via a PGK1-activated AKT/mTOR pathway. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S2076-S2078. [PMID: 30023123 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Andrade De Mello
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Translational Research Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Oncology & Hematology Nucleus of Ceará, Hospital São Mateus, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Hakaru Tadokoro
- Division of Medical Oncology, São Paulo University Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Daniel Humberto Pozza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Dokmanovic M, King KE, Mohan N, Endo Y, Wu WJ. Cardiotoxicity of ErbB2-targeted therapies and its impact on drug development, a spotlight on trastuzumab. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:755-766. [PMID: 28571477 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1337746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trastuzumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody directed against ErbB2, is often noted as a successful example of targeted therapy. Trastuzumab improved outcomes for many patients with ErbB2-positive breast and gastric cancers, however, cardiac side effects [e.g., left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure (CHF)] were reported in the early phase clinical studies. This finding, subsequently corroborated by multiple clinical studies, raised concerns that the observed cardiotoxicity induced by trastuzumab might adversely impact the clinical development of other therapeutics targeting ErbB family members. Areas covered: In this review we summarize both basic research and clinical findings regarding trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity and assess if there has been an impact of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity on the development of other agents targeting ErbB family members. Expert opinion: There are a number of scientific gaps that are critically important to address for the continued success of HER2-targeted agents. These include: 1) elucidating the molecular mechanisms contributing to cardiotoxicity; 2) developing relevant preclinical testing systems for predicting cardiotoxicity; 3) developing clinical strategies to identify patients at risk of cardiotoxicity; and 4) enhancing management of clinical symptoms of cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Dokmanovic
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD 20993 , USA
| | - Kathryn E King
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD 20993 , USA
| | - Nishant Mohan
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD 20993 , USA
| | - Yukinori Endo
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD 20993 , USA
| | - Wen Jin Wu
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD 20993 , USA
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Steppan DA, Pratilas CA, Loeb DM. Targeted therapy for soft tissue sarcomas in adolescents and young adults. Adolesc Health Med Ther 2017; 8:41-55. [PMID: 28408855 PMCID: PMC5384699 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s70377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from the mesenchyme. Even though they affect individuals in all age groups, the prevalence of subtypes of STSs changes significantly from childhood through adolescence into adulthood. The mainstay of therapy is surgery, with or without the addition of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. These treatment modalities are associated, in many cases, with significant morbidity and, given the heterogeneity of tumor histologies encompassed by the term "STS", have not uniformly improved outcomes. Moreover, some subgroups of STSs appear to be more, and others less, responsive to conventional chemotherapy agents. Over the last two decades, our understanding of the biology of STSs is slowly increasing, allowing for the development of more targeted therapies. We review the new treatment modalities that have been tested on patients with STSs, with a special focus on adolescents and young adults, a group of patients that is often underrepresented in clinical trials and has not received the dedicated attention it deserves, given the significant differences in biology and treatment response in comparison to children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Steppan
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Loeb
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Mizuno T, Fukuda T, Christians U, Perentesis JP, Fouladi M, Vinks AA. Population pharmacokinetics of temsirolimus and sirolimus in children with recurrent solid tumours: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 83:1097-1107. [PMID: 28000286 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Pharmacokinetic (PK) characterization of temsirolimus in children is limited and there is no paediatric temsirolimus population PK model available. The objective of this study was to simultaneously characterize the PK of temsirolimus and its metabolite sirolimus in paediatric patients with recurrent solid or central nervous system tumours and to develop a population PK model. METHODS The PK data for temsirolimus and sirolimus were collected as a part of a Children's Oncology Group phase I clinical trial in paediatric patients with recurrent solid tumours. Serial blood concentrations obtained from 19 patients participating in the PK portion of the study were used for the analysis. Population PK analysis was performed by nonlinear mixed effect modelling using NONMEM. RESULTS A three-compartment model with zero-order infusion was found to best describe temsirolimus PK. Allometrically scaled body weight was included in the model to account for body size differences. Temsirolimus dose was identified as a significant covariate on clearance. A sirolimus metabolite formation model was developed and integrated with the temsirolimus model. A two-compartment structure model adequately described the sirolimus data. CONCLUSION This study is the first to describe a population PK model of temsirolimus combined with sirolimus formation and disposition in paediatric patients. The developed model will facilitate PK model-based dose individualization of temsirolimus and the design of future clinical studies in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Mizuno
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukuda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Uwe Christians
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John P Perentesis
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander A Vinks
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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8
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Kinases inhibitors in lung cancer: From benchside to bedside. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:128-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Garay T, Molnár E, Juhász É, László V, Barbai T, Dobos J, Schelch K, Pirker C, Grusch M, Berger W, Tímár J, Hegedűs B. Sensitivity of Melanoma Cells to EGFR and FGFR Activation but Not Inhibition is Influenced by Oncogenic BRAF and NRAS Mutations. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:957-68. [PMID: 25749811 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BRAF and NRAS are the two most frequent oncogenic driver mutations in melanoma and are pivotal components of both the EGF and FGF signaling network. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of BRAF and NRAS oncogenic mutation on the response to the stimulation and inhibition of epidermal and fibroblast growth factor receptors in melanoma cells. In the three BRAF mutant, two NRAS mutant and two double wild-type cell lines growth factor receptor expression had been verified by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation and migration were determined by the analysis of 3-days-long time-lapse videomicroscopic recordings. Of note, a more profound response was found in motility as compared to proliferation and double wild-type cells displayed a higher sensitivity to EGF and FGF2 treatment when compared to mutant cells. Both baseline and induced activation of the growth factor signaling was assessed by immunoblot analysis of the phosphorylation of the downstream effectors Erk1/2. Low baseline and higher inducibility of the signaling pathway was characteristic in double wild-type cells. In contrast, oncogenic BRAF or NRAS mutation did not influence the response to EGF or FGF receptor inhibitors in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that the oncogenic mutations in melanoma have a profound impact on the motogenic effect of the activation of growth factor receptor signaling. Since emerging molecularly targeted therapies aim at the growth factor receptor signaling, the appropriate mutational analysis of individual melanoma cases is essential in both preclinical studies and in the clinical trials and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Garay
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, H-1091, Budapest, Hungary
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Saad S, Huang K, Halmos B. Overcoming resistance to EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Lung Cancer Manag 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/lmt.14.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The development of EGF receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors has recently provided a new therapeutic option for patients with advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC; however, the long-term efficacy of such therapies is generally limited by the development of resistance. Recognizing the mechanisms underlying resistance and developing therapies to overcome key resistance pathways is an area of intense, ongoing investigation. In this review, we will provide an overview of EGFR-mutated lung cancer, primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and emerging therapeutic strategies designed to circumvent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Saad
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kan Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Current clinical regulation of PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR signalling in treatment of human cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:671-89. [PMID: 25146530 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PTEN is an essential tumour suppressor gene which encodes a phosphatase protein that antagonises the PI3K/Akt/mTOR antiapoptotic pathway. Impairment of this tumour suppressor pathway potentially becomes a causal factor for development of malignancies. This review aims to assess current understanding of mechanisms of dysfunction involving the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway linked to tumorigenesis and evaluate the evidence for targeted therapy directed at this signalling axis. METHODS Relevant articles in scientific databases were identified using a combination of search terms, including "malignancies", "targeted therapy", "PTEN", and "combination therapy". These databases included Medline, Embase, Cochrane Review, Pubmed, and Scopus. RESULTS PI3K/PTEN expression is frequently deregulated in a majority of malignancies through genetic, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional modifications. This contributes to the upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway which has been the focus of intense clinical studies. Targeted agents aimed at this pathway offer a novel treatment approach in a variety of haematologic malignancies and solid tumours. Compared to single-agent use, greater response rates were obtained in combination regimens, supporting further investigation of suitable drug combinations in a broad spectrum of malignancies. CONCLUSION Activation of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway is implicated both in the pathogenesis of malignancies and development of resistance to anticancer therapies. Therefore, PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors are a promising therapeutic option, in association with systemic cytotoxic and biological therapies, to enable sustained clinical outcomes in cancer treatment. Therapeutic strategies could be tailored according to appropriate biomarkers and patient-specific mutation profiles to maximise benefit of combination therapies.
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HER2/neu: an increasingly important therapeutic target. Part 1: basic biology & therapeutic armamentarium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/cli.14.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Heavey S, O’Byrne KJ, Gately K. Strategies for co-targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in NSCLC. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:445-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Reungwetwattana T, Dy GK. Targeted therapies in development for non-small cell lung cancer. J Carcinog 2013; 12:22. [PMID: 24574860 PMCID: PMC3927069 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.123972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The iterative discovery in various malignancies during the past decades that a number of aberrant tumorigenic processes and signal transduction pathways are mediated by "druggable" protein kinases has led to a revolutionary change in drug development. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the ErbB family of receptors (e.g., EGFR [epidermal growth factor receptor], HER2 [human epidermal growth factor receptor 2]), RAS (rat sarcoma gene), BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) c-MET (c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition), FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor), DDR2 (discoidin domain receptor 2), PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha)), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), AKT (protein kinase B), ALK (anaplastic lym phoma kinase), RET (rearranged during transfection), ROS1 (reactive oxygen species 1) and EPH (erythropoietin-producing hepatoma) are key targets of various agents currently in clinical development. These oncogenic targets exert their selective growth advantage through various intercommunicating pathways, such as through RAS/RAF/MEK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin and SRC-signal transduction and transcription signaling. The recent clinical studies, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and crizotinib were considered as strongly effective targeted therapies in metastatic NSCLC. Currently, five molecular targeted agents were approved for treatment of advanced NSCLC: Gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib for positive EGFR mutation, crizotinib for positive echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK translocation and bevacizumab. Moreover, oncogenic mutant proteins are subject to regulation by protein trafficking pathways, specifically through the heat shock protein 90 system. Drug combinations affecting various nodes in these signaling and intracellular processes are predicted and demonstrated to be synergistic and advantageous in overcoming treatment resistance compared with monotherapy approaches. Understanding the role of the tumor microenvironment in the development and maintenance of the malignant phenotype provided additional therapeutic approaches as well. More recently, improved knowledge on tumor immunology has set the stage for promising immunotherapies in NSCLC. This review will focus on the rationale for the development of targeted therapies in NSCLC and the various strategies employed in preventing or overcoming the inevitable occurrence of treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyanan Reungwetwattana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Grace Kho Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 25:325-30. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328360f591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Sarris EG, Saif MW, Syrigos KN. The Biological Role of PI3K Pathway in Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:1236-64. [PMID: 24281308 PMCID: PMC3816662 DOI: 10.3390/ph5111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and although improvements in treatment have been achieved over the last few years, long-term survival rates for lung cancer patients remain poor. Therefore, there is an imperative need for molecularly targeted agents that will achieve long-term disease control. Numerous downstream molecular pathways, such as EGF/RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR are identified as having a key role in the pathogenesis of various forms of human cancer, including lung cancer. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway is an important intracellular signal transduction pathway with a significant role in cell proliferation, growth, survival, vesicle trafficking, glucose transport, and cytoskeletal organization. Aberrations in many primary and secondary messenger molecules of this pathway, including mutations and amplifications, are accounted for tumor cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy-radiotherapy. In this review article, we investigate thoroughly the biological role of PI3K pathway in lung cancer and its contribution in the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos G. Sarris
- Oncology Unit GPP, 3rd Dept of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece;
| | - Muhammad W. Saif
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Kostas N. Syrigos
- Oncology Unit GPP, 3rd Dept of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece;
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Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S, Maiese K. Shedding new light on neurodegenerative diseases through the mammalian target of rapamycin. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:128-48. [PMID: 22980037 PMCID: PMC3479314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders affect a significant portion of the world's population leading to either disability or death for almost 30 million individuals worldwide. One novel therapeutic target that may offer promise for multiple disease entities that involve Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, trauma, stroke, and tumors of the nervous system is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR signaling is dependent upon the mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes that are composed of mTOR and several regulatory proteins including the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1, hamartin/TSC2, tuberin). Through a number of integrated cell signaling pathways that involve those of mTORC1 and mTORC2 as well as more novel signaling tied to cytokines, Wnt, and forkhead, mTOR can foster stem cellular proliferation, tissue repair and longevity, and synaptic growth by modulating mechanisms that foster both apoptosis and autophagy. Yet, mTOR through its proliferative capacity may sometimes be detrimental to central nervous system recovery and even promote tumorigenesis. Further knowledge of mTOR and the critical pathways governed by this serine/threonine protein kinase can bring new light for neurodegeneration and other related diseases that currently require new and robust treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
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Kirschey S, Wagner S, Hess G. Relapsed and/or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma: What Role for Temsirolimus? CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2012; 6:153-64. [PMID: 22550404 PMCID: PMC3306245 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s7327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is associated with a dismal prognosis. Recently, along with the improved understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease, new first line regimens have been established and in addition novel treatment options have entered the clinical arena. In consequence, prognosis of the disease has fortunately improved. We here focus on the rationale, current clinical knowledge and future concepts of Temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR, in the treatment of MCL. At this time this drug has been shown to be effective as single agent for relapsed disease and early combination data show promising results. In addition, with a brief outline of other treatment options, we aim to guide at which place in the current treatment algorithms Temsirolimus can be integrated into the treatment of MCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kirschey
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical School, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz
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