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Li K, Deng Z, Lei C, Ding X, Li J, Wang C. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Tumorigenesis and Progression. Cells 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38474405 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Its involvement in cell senescence, apoptosis, and series diseases has been demonstrated. Advances in carcinogenic research have revealed oxidative stress as a pivotal pathophysiological pathway in tumorigenesis and to be involved in lung cancer, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, and so on. This review combs the effects of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis on each phase and cell fate determination, and three features are discussed. Oxidative stress takes part in the processes ranging from tumorigenesis to tumor death via series pathways and processes like mitochondrial stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ferroptosis. It can affect cell fate by engaging in the complex relationships between senescence, death, and cancer. The influence of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis and progression is a multi-stage interlaced process that includes two aspects of promotion and inhibition, with mitochondria as the core of regulation. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the effects of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis is conducive to exploring more tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Li
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Zhangyuzi Deng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Chunran Lei
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Changshan Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
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Pintova S, Dharmupari S, Moshier E, Zubizarreta N, Ang C, Holcombe RF. Genistein combined with FOLFOX or FOLFOX-Bevacizumab for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: phase I/II pilot study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:591-598. [PMID: 31203390 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic and preclinical data suggest isoflavones have anticancer activity in colorectal malignancy prevention and treatment. This is the first clinical trial assessing safety and tolerability of Genistein in combination with chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS Patients who had histologically confirmed metastatic colorectal cancer and had not received previous treatment were eligible to enroll. Subjects were treated with FOLFOX or FOLFOX-Bevacizumab as per the investigator choice. Genistein was administered orally for 7 days every 2 weeks, beginning 4 days prior to chemotherapy and continuing through days 1-3 of infusional chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was safety and secondary endpoints included cycle 6 response rate, best overall response rate (BOR), and median progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Thirteen patients received chemotherapy with Genistein in this trial. The most common adverse events related to Genistein alone were mild and included headaches, nausea, and hot flashes. One subject was observed to have grade 3 hypertension. No increase in chemotherapy-related adverse events was observed when Genistein was added. BOR and median PFS were 61.5% and 11.5 months, respectively. CONCLUSION We observed that adding Genistein to FOLFOX or FOLFOX-Bevacizumab was safe and tolerable. Efficacy results are notable and warrant verification in larger clinical trials. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01985763.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Pintova
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Mount Sinai Hospital, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1128, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Sirish Dharmupari
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin Moshier
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Zubizarreta
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Celina Ang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randall F Holcombe
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,University of Hawai'I Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Hornfeldt CS, Tran E, Schwartz M. Emerging therapies for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEPATOBILIARY AND PANCREATIC DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.5348/ijhpd-2017-72-ra-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Saif MW, Heaton A, Lilischkis K, Garner J, Brown DM. Pharmacology and toxicology of the novel investigational agent Cantrixil (TRX-E-002-1). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 79:303-314. [PMID: 28013349 PMCID: PMC5306062 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recurrent, chemo-resistant ovarian cancer is thought to be due to a subgroup of slow-growing, drug-resistant cancer cells with stem-like properties and a high capacity for tumour repair. Cantrixil targets this sub-population of cells and is being developed as an intraperitoneal therapy to be used as first-line therapy in combination with carboplatin for epithelial ovarian cancer. The studies presented here justify further development. METHODS A GLP dog CV study using a 4 × 4 Latin Square Crossover study was conducted using telemetric ECG recordings from dogs post IP administration to assess for cardiac abnormalities. Mutagenic potential was assessed using the bacterial reverse mutation assay. Clastogenicity was assessed by determining micronuclei formation in the bone marrow of SPF Arc(S) Swiss mice dosed at clinical concentrations. TRX-E-002-1 toxicology was evaluated in GLP-compliant MTD and 28-day repeat-dose studies in rats and dogs. RESULTS In vitro TRX-E-002-1 has potent cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells including CD44+/MyD88+ ovarian cancer stem cells. TRX-E-002-1 increased phosphorylated c-Jun levels in these cancer cells resulting in caspase-mediated apoptosis. In vivo, Cantrixil was active in a model of disseminated ovarian cancer as a monotherapy and in combination with Cisplatin. Cantrixil was active as maintenance therapy in a model of drug-resistant, recurrent ovarian cancer and in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS In animals, this clinical formulation and route of administration of Cantrixil demonstrated acceptable activity, safety pharmacology, genotoxicity and toxicology profile and constituted a successful Investigational New Drug application to the US Food and Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wasif Saif
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 245, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Manevich Y, Reyes L, Britten CD, Townsend DM, Tew KD. Redox Signaling and Bioenergetics Influence Lung Cancer Cell Line Sensitivity to the Isoflavone ME-344. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:199-208. [PMID: 27255112 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ME-344 [(3R,4S)-3,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-ol] is a second-generation derivative natural product isoflavone presently under clinical development. ME-344 effects were compared in lung cancer cell lines that are either intrinsically sensitive or resistant to the drug and in primary immortalized human lung embryonic fibroblasts (IHLEF). Cytotoxicity at low micromolar concentrations occurred only in sensitive cell lines, causing redox stress, decreased mitochondrial ATP production, and subsequent disruption of mitochondrial function. In a dose-dependent manner the drug caused instantaneous and pronounced inhibition of oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in drug-sensitive cells (quantitatively significantly less in drug-resistant cells). This was consistent with targeting of mitochondria by ME-344, with specific effects on the respiratory chain (resistance correlated with higher glycolytic indexes). OCR inhibition did not occur in primary IHLEF. ME-344 increased extracellular acidification rates in drug-resistant cells (significantly less in drug-sensitive cells), implying that ME-344 targets mitochondrial proton pumps. Only in drug-sensitive cells did ME-344 dose-dependently increase the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species and cause oxidation of total (mainly glutathione) and protein thiols and the concomitant immediate increases in NADPH levels. We conclude that ME-344 causes complex, redox-specific, and mitochondria-targeted effects in lung cancer cells, which differ in extent from normal cells, correlate with drug sensitivity, and provide indications of a beneficial in vitro therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefim Manevich
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (Y.M., L.R., K.T.), Medicine (C.B.), and Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences (D.T.) of the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (Y.M., L.R., K.T.), Medicine (C.B.), and Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences (D.T.) of the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carolyn D Britten
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (Y.M., L.R., K.T.), Medicine (C.B.), and Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences (D.T.) of the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (Y.M., L.R., K.T.), Medicine (C.B.), and Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences (D.T.) of the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (Y.M., L.R., K.T.), Medicine (C.B.), and Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences (D.T.) of the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Novel flavonoids as anti-cancer agents: mechanisms of action and promise for their potential application in breast cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:1017-23. [PMID: 25109996 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large group of ubiquitous polyphenolic secondary metabolites in plants with a wide range of properties, including a widely reported anti-cancer effect. The present review focuses on the different known mechanisms partaking in said anti-tumour effects, with particular emphasis on breast cancer. Their structure and reactivity allows flavonoids to work as antioxidant agents and phyto-oestrogens, modulating oestrogen signalling and metabolism to induce an overall anti-proliferative response. Other effects include the ability of flavonoids to modulate the CYP1 (cytochrome P450 1) and ABC (ATP-binding cassette) protein families, involved in carcinogenesis and drug delivery respectively. They can also induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and regulate other signalling pathways involved in the development and progression of cancer. In conclusion, there is accumulating evidence on the versatility of flavonoids and the numerous activities contributing to their anti-tumour effect. The complex, yet effective, mechanism of action of flavonoids, together with their interesting pharmacological properties, is the basis for their potential application in breast and other cancers. This rationale has led to the current interest in the application of flavonoids, including clinical trials currently underway and the development of novel flavonoids with improved properties, which hold great promise for tackling breast cancer.
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Lim SC, Carey KT, McKenzie M. Anti-cancer analogues ME-143 and ME-344 exert toxicity by directly inhibiting mitochondrial NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I). Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:689-701. [PMID: 25973307 PMCID: PMC4396027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoflavonoids have been shown to inhibit tumor proliferation and metastasis by activating cell death pathways. As such, they have been widely studied as potential therapies for cancer prevention. The second generation synthetic isoflavan analogues ME-143 and ME-344 also exhibit anti-cancer effects, however their specific molecular targets have not been completely defined. To identify these targets, we examined the effects of ME-143 and ME-344 on cellular metabolism and found that they are potent inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) activity. In isolated HEK293T mitochondria, ME-143 and ME-344 reduced complex I activity to 14.3% and 28.6% of control values respectively. In addition to the inhibition of complex I, ME-344 also significantly inhibited mitochondrial complex III (ubiquinol: ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase) activity by 10.8%. This inhibition of complex I activity (and to a lesser extent complex III activity) was associated with a reduction in mitochondrial oxygen consumption. In permeabilized HEK293T cells, ME-143 and ME-344 significantly reduced the maximum ADP-stimulated respiration rate to 62.3% and 70.0% of control levels respectively in the presence of complex I-linked substrates. Conversely, complex II-linked respiration was unaffected by either drug. We also observed that the inhibition of complex I-linked respiration caused the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Blue native (BN-PAGE) analysis revealed that prolonged loss of ΔΨm results in the destabilization of the native OXPHOS complexes. In particular, treatment of 143B osteosarcoma, HeLa and HEK293T human embryonic kidney cells with ME-344 for 4 h resulted in reduced steady-state levels of mature complex I. Degradation of the complex I subunit NDUFA9, as well as the complex IV (ferrocytochrome c: oxygen oxidoreductase) subunit COXIV, was also evident. The identification of OXPHOS complex I as a target of ME-143 and ME-344 advances our understanding of how these drugs induce cell death by disrupting mitochondrial metabolism, and will direct future work to maximize the anti-cancer capacity of these and other isoflavone-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chern Lim
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Kirstyn T Carey
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Present address: Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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Bendell JC, Patel MR, Infante JR, Kurkjian CD, Jones SF, Pant S, Burris HA, Moreno O, Esquibel V, Levin W, Moore KN. Phase 1, open-label, dose escalation, safety, and pharmacokinetics study of ME-344 as a single agent in patients with refractory solid tumors. Cancer 2014; 121:1056-63. [PMID: 25411085 PMCID: PMC4406150 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current phase 1, open-label, dose escalation study was conducted to establish the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic profile, and preliminary antitumor activity of the novel mitochondrial inhibitor ME-344 in patients with refractory solid tumors. METHODS Patients with refractory solid tumors were treated in a 3 + 3 dose escalation design. ME-344 was administered via intravenous infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 of the first 28-day cycle and weekly thereafter. Pharmacokinetics was assessed on days 1 and 15 of the first cycle. RESULTS A total of 30 patients (median age, 65 years; 67% of whom were female) received ME-344. There were 5 dose-limiting toxicities reported. Four patients developed grade 3 neuropathy (2 patients each at doses of 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) and 1 patient treated at a dose of 10 mg/kg developed a grade 3 acute myocardial infarction (toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.03]). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as 10 mg/kg weekly. The most common adverse events were nausea, dizziness, and fatigue. At the MTD of 10 mg/kg, the maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) was 25.8 µg/mL and the area under the concentration curve from time zero to infinity was 25.9 hour*µg/mL. One patient with small cell lung cancer achieved a partial response for ≥ 52 weeks. Four patients had prolonged stable disease (1 patient each with urothelial carcinoma [47 weeks], carcinoid tumor [≥ 40 weeks], cervical leiomyosarcoma [39 weeks], and cervical cancer [≥ 31 weeks]). CONCLUSIONS The once-weekly administration of ME-344 was generally well tolerated in the current study, a first-in-human study; dose-limiting neuropathy was noted, but not at the MTD. Exposures at the 10-mg/kg dose level suggest a sufficient therapeutic index. The preliminary clinical activity as a monotherapy supports the further clinical development of ME-344 in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research InstituteNashville, Tennessee
- Tennessee Oncology PLLCNashville, Tennessee
- Corresponding author: Johanna C. Bendell, MD, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 250 25th Ave N, Ste 200, Nashville, TN 37203; Fax: (615) 329-7523;
| | - Manish R Patel
- Sarah Cannon Research InstituteNashville, Tennessee
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research InstituteSarasota, Florida
| | - Jeffrey R Infante
- Sarah Cannon Research InstituteNashville, Tennessee
- Tennessee Oncology PLLCNashville, Tennessee
| | - Carla D Kurkjian
- Sarah Cannon Research InstituteNashville, Tennessee
- The University of Oklahoma Stephenson Cancer Center/Sarah Cannon Research InstituteOklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Shubham Pant
- Sarah Cannon Research InstituteNashville, Tennessee
- The University of Oklahoma Stephenson Cancer Center/Sarah Cannon Research InstituteOklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Howard A Burris
- Sarah Cannon Research InstituteNashville, Tennessee
- Tennessee Oncology PLLCNashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | - Kathleen N Moore
- Sarah Cannon Research InstituteNashville, Tennessee
- The University of Oklahoma Stephenson Cancer Center/Sarah Cannon Research InstituteOklahoma City, Oklahoma
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