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Vaissière AC, Courtois P, Courchamp F, Kourantidou M, Diagne C, Essl F, Kirichenko N, Welsh M, Salles JM. The nature of economic costs of biological invasions. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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2
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Economic games can be used to promote cooperation in the field. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026046118. [PMID: 34789572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026046118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present experimental evidence of the impact of playing a game on real-life cooperation. The game was framed as a pest-management activity, the effectiveness of which depends on the decisions of others. Playing the game changes behavior in the field, increasing the participation in all collective activities directed at reducing pest pressure. The economic impact of those activities is important, leading to losses that are ∼20% lower than in the control group. Increased cooperation reflects changes in the understanding of others' willingness to cooperate, not changes in the understanding of underlying technological interdependencies.
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Bertolino S, Vimercati G, Paoloni D, Martinoli A, Wauters LA, Genovesi P, La Morgia V. Restricted access to private properties limits management of invasive alien species: A literature review and case studies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113318. [PMID: 34346401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are one of the major drivers of global environmental change and there is a need to develop integrated strategies to counteract this phenomenon. Eradication is an effective management option to mitigate the deleterious impacts of invasive alien species (IAS). Eradication can be achieved if all reproductive individuals are removed and population recovery is prevented. However, individuals may survive removal operations in private areas if interventions are not allowed. Here, we present 1) three case studies in which restricted private property access prevented the local eradication of invasive alien populations, and 2) a list of reasons for denying access to private properties and a list of actions implemented or suggested by managers to facilitate access and reported in 29 reviewed papers. The restricted access affected the local eradication of three Eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) populations in Italy. In Lombardy region, in one area a planned eradication did not start and in another area the implemented eradication failed due to the refusal from the owner of a large private property to grant access to managers. In Umbria region, the lack of collaboration from an Italian financial institution produced a delay of 15 months in the removal. In our case studies, therefore, a single person or institution denied access for a personal gain or presumed internal security. The reasons behind landowner opposition may be diverse and individual attitudes towards IAS management will depend on interactions with owners. According to our review, in many cases the denial of access takes place in a general perception of mistrust or opposition to the project as the results of a limited engagement of local people. Such opposition often jeopardizes control activities, with profound negative consequences on eradication, expecially at landscape scale. Bottom-up approaches aiming at involving stakeholders can increase the possibility to achieve IAS eradication, however appropriate legislation remains pivotal to enforce eradication in case of non-cooperative behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - G Vimercati
- Department of Biology, Unit Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - D Paoloni
- Istituto Oikos srl Social Enterprises, Milano, Italy
| | - A Martinoli
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - L A Wauters
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - P Genovesi
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Roma, Italy; Chair IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Italy
| | - V La Morgia
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Roma, Italy
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Promoting crop pest control by plant diversification in agricultural landscapes: A conceptual framework for analysing feedback loops between agro-ecological and socio-economic effects. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fuchs M, Almeyda CV, Al Rwahnih M, Atallah SS, Cieniewicz EJ, Farrar K, Foote WR, Golino DA, Gómez MI, Harper SJ, Kelly MK, Martin RR, Martinson T, Osman FM, Park K, Scharlau V, Smith R, Tzanetakis IE, Vidalakis G, Welliver R. Economic Studies Reinforce Efforts to Safeguard Specialty Crops in the United States. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:14-26. [PMID: 32840434 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-20-1061-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-tested foundation plant stocks are the cornerstone of sustainable specialty crop production. They provide the propagative units that are used to produce clean planting materials, which are essential as the first-line management option of diseases caused by graft-transmissible pathogens such as viruses, viroids, bacteria, and phytoplasmas. In the United States, efforts to produce, maintain, and distribute pathogen-tested propagative material of specialty crops are spearheaded by centers of the National Clean Plant Network (NCPN). Agricultural economists collaborated with plant pathologists, extension educators, specialty crop growers, and regulators to investigate the impacts of select diseases caused by graft-transmissible pathogens and to estimate the return on investments in NCPN centers. Economic studies have proven valuable to the NCPN in (i) incentivizing the use of clean planting material derived from pathogen-tested foundation plant stocks; (ii) documenting benefits of clean plant centers, which can outweigh operating costs by 10:1 to 150:1; (iii) aiding the development of disease management solutions that are not only ecologically driven but also profit maximizing; and (iv) disseminating integrated disease management recommendations that resonate with growers. Together, economic studies have reinforced efforts to safeguard specialty crops in the United States through the production and use of clean planting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fuchs
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - C V Almeyda
- Micropropagation and Repository Unit, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - M Al Rwahnih
- Foundation Plant Services, Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - S S Atallah
- Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61820
| | - E J Cieniewicz
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - K Farrar
- Foundation Plant Services, Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - W R Foote
- Crops and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - D A Golino
- Foundation Plant Services, Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - M I Gómez
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S J Harper
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350
| | - M K Kelly
- Department of Agriculture and Markets, Division of Plant Industry, Albany, NY 12205
| | - R R Martin
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - T Martinson
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - F M Osman
- Foundation Plant Services, Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - K Park
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - V Scharlau
- Washington Wine Industry Foundation, Cashmere, WA 98815
| | - R Smith
- University of California, Cooperative Extension, Sonoma County, Santa Rosa, CA 95403-2894
| | - I E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - G Vidalakis
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - R Welliver
- The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Harrisburg, PA 17110
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Goodenberger JS, Gopalakrishnan S, Klaiber HA. Spread externalities and the implications of heterogeneous ecological capacity constraints. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110813. [PMID: 32507738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a spatial-dynamic model of resource management in the presence of externalities, such as the spread of harmful invasive species, and show that ecological capacity constraints influence optimal management strategies across space. We use integer-programming methods to solve for optimal control strategies in both homogeneous and heterogeneous landscapes. Using the spread of gypsy moths as an application, our results show that optimal levels of control vary over space in landscapes with heterogeneous capacity constraints. Optimal outcomes depend on the marginal costs and damages associated with the externality and the emergence of spread externalities from relative differences in population levels between adjacent patches. In models with high degrees of heterogeneity, we show that a naïve policy assuming homogeneous carrying capacity results in a significantly higher welfare losses from the externality.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Goodenberger
- Hammack School of Business, Oglethorpe University, 4484 Peachtree Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30319, USA.
| | - Sathya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, The Ohio State University, 2120 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - H Allen Klaiber
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, The Ohio State University, 2120 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Shanafelt DW, Clobert J, Fenichel EP, Hochberg ME, Kinzig A, Loreau M, Marquet PA, Perrings C. Species dispersal and biodiversity in human-dominated metacommunities. J Theor Biol 2018; 457:199-210. [PMID: 30176249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of the Anthropocene is based on the idea that human impacts are now the primary drivers of changes in the earth's systems, including ecological systems. In many cases, the behavior that causes ecosystem change is itself triggered by ecological factors. Yet most ecological models still treat human impacts as given, and frequently as constant. This undermines our ability to understand the feedbacks between human behavior and ecosystem change. Focusing on the problem of species dispersal, we evaluate the effect of dispersal on biodiversity in a system subject to predation by humans. People are assumed to obtain benefits from (a) the direct consumption of species (provisioning services), (b) the non-consumptive use of species (cultural services), and (c) the buffering effects of the mix of species (regulating services). We find that the effects of dispersal on biodiversity depend jointly on the competitive interactions among species, and on human preferences over species and the services they provide. We find that while biodiversity may be greatest at intermediate levels of dispersal, this depends on structure of preferences across the metacommunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Shanafelt
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis 09200, France.
| | - Jean Clobert
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis 09200, France.
| | - Eli P Fenichel
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Michael E Hochberg
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution du CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, France; Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
| | - Ann Kinzig
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis 09200, France; Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis 09200, France.
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Departamento de Ecología. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB).
| | - Charles Perrings
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Chitchumnong P, Horan RD. Managing Disease Risks from Trade: Strategic Behavior with Many Choices and Price Effects. ECOHEALTH 2018; 15:259-273. [PMID: 29549591 PMCID: PMC6129211 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An individual's infectious disease risks, and hence the individual's incentives for risk mitigation, may be influenced by others' risk management choices. If so, then there will be strategic interactions among individuals, whereby each makes his or her own risk management decisions based, at least in part, on the expected decisions of others. Prior work has shown that multiple equilibria could arise in this setting, with one equilibrium being a coordination failure in which individuals make too few investments in protection. However, these results are largely based on simplified models involving a single management choice and fixed prices that may influence risk management incentives. Relaxing these assumptions, we find strategic interactions influence, and are influenced by, choices involving multiple management options and market price effects. In particular, we find these features can reduce or eliminate concerns about multiple equilibria and coordination failure. This has important policy implications relative to simpler models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyayut Chitchumnong
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, 446 West Circle Drive, Room 303B, Justin S. Morrill Hall of Agriculture, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1039, USA
| | - Richard D Horan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, 446 West Circle Drive, Room 303B, Justin S. Morrill Hall of Agriculture, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1039, USA.
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Walker AN, Poos JJ, Groeneveld RA. Invasive species control in a one-dimensional metapopulation network. Ecol Modell 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cease AJ, Elser JJ, Fenichel EP, Hadrich JC, Harrison JF, Robinson BE. Living With Locusts: Connecting Soil Nitrogen, Locust Outbreaks, Livelihoods, and Livestock Markets. Bioscience 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biv048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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