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Wang L, Fan W, Yang N, Xiong L, Wang B. Novel Insecticidal Butenolide-Containing Methylxanthine Derivatives: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Biological Activity Evaluation, DFT Calculation and Molecular Docking. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400823. [PMID: 38687255 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The design of novel agrochemicals starting from bioactive natural products is one of the most effective ways in the discovery and development of new pesticidal agents. In this paper, a series of novel butenolide-containing methylxanthine derivatives (Ia-Ir) were designed based on natural methylxanthine caffeine and stemofoline, and the derivatized insecticide flupyradifurone of the latter. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed via 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and X-ray single crystal diffraction analyses. The biological activities of the compounds were evaluated against a variety of agricultural pests including oriental armyworm, bean aphid, diamondback moth, fall armyworm, cotton bollworm, and corn borer; the results indicated that some of them have favorable insecticidal potentials, particularly toward diamondback moth. Among others, Ic and Iq against diamondback moth possessed LC50 values of 6.187 mg ⋅ L-1 and 3.269 mg ⋅ L-1, respectively, - 2.5- and 4.8-fold of relative insecticidal activity respectively to that of flupyradifurone (LC50=15.743 mg ⋅ L-1). Additionally, both the DFT theoretical calculation and molecular docking with acetylcholine binding protein were conducted for the highly bioactive compound (Ic). Ic and Iq derived from the integration of caffeine (natural methylxanthine) and butenolide motifs can serve as novel leading insecticidal compounds for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenqi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lixia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Baolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Wolverton R, Joseph SV. Application of fertilizer and insecticide can reduce Antonina graminis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and improve the quality of golf course putting greens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38662596 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodesgrass mealybug, Antonina graminis, is a serious pest of ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) on golf course putting greens. A. graminis feeding damage appears as extensive yellowing of turfgrass blades and heavy thinning from mid-to-late summer into fall. Putting greens are intensively managed areas of the golf course where fertilizers are routinely applied to maintain and enhance turfgrass quality, playability and aesthetics. We hypothesize that A. graminis populations can be minimized by reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer and then effectively managed using systemic insecticides. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various levels of N fertilizer and flupyradifurone on the A. graminis population and turfgrass quality on the golf course putting green. The treatments were low, medium, and high N fertilizer rates with and without insecticide (flupyradifurone). RESULTS Applying a high dose of N fertilizer improved turfgrass quality without increasing A. graminis densities on the golf course green. Although flupyradifurone application reduced A. graminis densities regardless of N fertilizer treatments, suppression of A. graminis densities improved at the high fertilizer dose with flupyradifurone. Additionally, the turfgrass quality on the putting green improved with high N fertilizer alone, regardless of flupyradifurone application. CONCLUSION A. graminis populations can be managed using moderate to high levels of N fertilizer and applying a systemic insecticide. The low nitrogen fertilizer did not effectively reduce the A. graminis densities on the putting green. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wolverton
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Shimat V Joseph
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
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Lin T, Guo Y, Hu J, Rao W, Wei H, Chen X, Yang G, Fan G. Toxicity risk assessment of flupyradifurone for the predatory pirate bug, Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), a biological control agent of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115632. [PMID: 37890245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), commonly known as the Asian citrus psyllid, is a prominent citrus tree pest that serves as a vector for Asian huanglongbing (HLB). The substantial costs incurred by the citrus industry as a consequence of this disease have spurred considerable interest in the combined control of D. citri using insecticides and natural enemies. However, the successful implementation of such integrated pest management strategies is dependent on ensuring the compatibility of using natural enemies in the presence of insecticides. In this regard, we evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of flupyradifurone on Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), an important predatory biological control agent, in which we assessed the risk of exposure to flupyradifurone under both in- and off-field scenario. The median lethal rate (LR50) value of flupyradifurone against O. strigicollis (9.089 g a.i. ha-1), was found to be significantly lower than the maximum field recommended rate (MFRR, 170 g a.i. ha-1). Additionally, at 0.254 g a.i. ha-1, flupyradifurone was established to significantly prolong the developmental duration of O. strigicollis from the first to third instar nymphs. Although we detected no significant difference in the survival of immature O. strigicollis subjected to 0.064 g a.i. ha-1 and control treatments, survival was significantly lower in 0.127 and 0.254 g a.i. ha-1 treatments. Moreover, whereas there were no significant differences in adult longevity between the 0.127 g a.i. ha-1 and control treatments, we recorded a significant reduction in fecundity. Furthermore, there were reductions in peak life expectancy, reproductive value, finite rate of increase, intrinsic rate of increase, and net reproduction rate in response to exposure to increasing flupyradifurone rate. Additionally, at 0.127 g a.i. ha-1, the mean generation time was significantly longer than that under control conditions. Following simulated exposure to flupyradifurone for 100 days, population of O. strigicollis in the 0.064 g a.i. ha-1 and control treatments were found to be significantly larger than those exposed to 0.127 g a.i. ha-1. On the basis on LR50 evaluations, whereas the risk of exposure risk was unacceptable for O. strigicollis under in-field scenario, it remained acceptable off-field. Nonetheless, the sublethal effect of prolonged exposure to residual flupyradifurone could pose an unacceptable off-field risk to O. strigicollis (e.g., in adjacent habitats). Consequently, the effects of different flupyradifurone exposure scenarios on O. strigicollis should be thoroughly assessed, and reducing the dosage of flupyradifurone could be advantageous for the control of D. citri when combine with augmentative release of O. strigicollis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China; State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yaqing Guo
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Jinfeng Hu
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Wenhua Rao
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guocheng Fan
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China.
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Scheibli L, Elsenhans T, Wolf H, Stemme T, Pfeffer SE. Influence of the pesticide flupyradifurone on mobility and physical condition of larval green lacewings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19804. [PMID: 37957276 PMCID: PMC10643709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Global pesticide use in agriculture is one reason for the rapid insect decline in recent years. The relatively new pesticide flupyradifurone is neurotoxic to pest insects but considered harmless to bees according to previous risk assessments. With this study, we aim to investigate lethal and sublethal effects of flupyradifurone on larvae of the beneficial arthropod Chrysoperla carnea. We treated the animals orally with field-realistic concentrations of flupyradifurone and examined lethality as well as effects on condition, mobility and locomotion. For the lethal dose 50, we determined a value of > 120-200 ng/mg (corresponding to a mean amount of 219 ng/larva) after 168 h. Abnormal behaviors such as trembling and comatose larvae were observed even at the lowest concentration applied (> 0-20 ng/mg, 59 ng/larva). Mobility analysis showed impaired activity patterns, resulting in acute hypoactivity at all pesticide concentrations and time-delayed hyperactivity in larvae treated with > 40-60 ng/mg (100 ng/larva) and > 80-100 ng/mg (120 ng/larva), respectively. Even locomotion as a fundamental behavioral task was negatively influenced throughout larval development. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that flupyradifurone impacts life and survival of lacewing larvae and may pose-despite its status as bee-friendly-a major threat to insect fauna and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Scheibli
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tabita Elsenhans
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Wolf
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Torben Stemme
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Skouras PJ, Karanastasi E, Demopoulos V, Mprokaki M, Stathas GJ, Margaritopoulos JT. Toxicity and Influence of Sublethal Exposure to Sulfoxaflor on the Aphidophagous Predator Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). TOXICS 2023; 11:533. [PMID: 37368633 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), the variegated ladybug, is a predator of many insect pests, especially aphids. Sulfoxaflor is a chemical insecticide that can be used to control many sap-feeding insect pests, for instance, plant bugs and aphids, as an alternative to neonicotinoids in different crops. To improve the combination of the H. variegata and sulfoxaflor in an IPM (integrated pest management) program, we studied the ecological toxicity of the insecticide to the coccinellid predator at sublethal and lethal doses. We examined the influence of sulfoxaflor on larvae of H. variegata using exposure doses of 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 (maximum recommended field rate (MRFR)), and 96 ng a.i. per insect. In a 15-day toxicity test, we observed decreased adult emergence percentage and survival, as well as an increased hazard quotient. The LD50 (dose causing 50% mortality) of H. variegata due to sulfoxaflor decreased from 97.03 to 35.97 ng a.i. per insect. The total effect assessment indicated that sulfoxaflor could be grouped as slightly harmful for H. variegata. Additionally, most of the life table parameters were significantly decreased after exposure to sulfoxaflor. Overall, the results present a negative influence of sulfoxaflor on H. variegata when applied at the recommended field dose for controlling aphids in Greece, which demonstrates that this insecticide may only be employed with care when used in IPM programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Skouras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Kalamata Campus, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Department of Agriculture, Kalamata Campus, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
| | - Eirini Karanastasi
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
| | - Vasilis Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Department of Agriculture, Kalamata Campus, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
| | - Marina Mprokaki
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Kalamata Campus, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
| | - George J Stathas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Kalamata Campus, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
| | - John T Margaritopoulos
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", 38334 Volos, Greece
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Yao Q, Quan L, Wang S, Xing D, Chen B, Lu K. Predatory stink bug, Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) responses to oral exposure route of λ-cyhalothrin via sex-specific modulation manner. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105381. [PMID: 37105612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of insecticides on predatory arthropods have closely related to their exposure routes. However, little is known about the effects of insecticide on reproductive parameters when the route of exposure occurs at a trophic level via prey intake. We therefore conducted current studies assessing whether Eocanthecona furcellata adults would be affected by feeding with λ-cyhalothrin-contaminated prey. Reproductive parameters, i.e. prolonged premating and preoviposition durations, reduced number of egg batches and egg amount, disturbed ovarian development, and suppressed expression of reproductive related genes were observed in E. furcellata females by feeding with treated prey. Moreover, reduced survival rate and altered carbohydrate metabolism parameters were detected in male bugs. Biochemical parameters, including MDA content, the activities of three antioxidant enzymes and three detoxification enzymes exhibited sex-specific responses after oral-exposure to λ-cyhalothrin in E. furcellata. The results indicate that the insecticide affects the fitness and leads to impairing reproductive potential via sex-specific modulation manner in predator insects. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive assessment about detrimental impacts of λ-cyhalothrin-exposure on predators via prey intake, as well as a solid basis for further research to protect the predators from hazardous impacts of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Linfa Quan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongxu Xing
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Bingxu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Potin DM, Machado AVA, Barbosa PRR, Torres JB. Multiple factors mediate insecticide toxicity to a key predator for cotton insect pest management. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:490-502. [PMID: 35129714 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mortality of agricultural pests caused by arthropod predators is a valuable ecosystem service for crop production. The earwig, Euborellia annulipes (Lucas), attacks different pest species in various crop ecosystems, including larvae and pupae of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boh.). In this study, multiple factors were assessed to measure the selectivity of insecticides used against sap-sucking and chewing cotton pests for two E. annulipes populations. Nymphs and adults of E. annulipes were exposed to the insecticides in two ways: ingestion of contaminated prey, and contact with dried residues on either inert surfaces or treated plants bearing prey. Pymetrozine, chlorantraniliprole, and spinetoram had little effect on the predator regardless the tested earwig population, life stage with developmental time and survival, or the route of exposure (ingestion and residual). Cyantraniliprole dried-residue impeded nymph to complete development and only 27% of adults survived until 20 days after exposure. Pyriproxyfen was harmless through acute toxicity to nymphs and adult earwigs (70-100% survival 72 h after exposure), but prevented normal development of nymphs to adults causing chronic toxicity. Chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, and malathion were harmful to the predator regardless life stage or method of exposure. The negative impact of thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin and indoxacarb was diminished when exposure occurred on plants with predator allowed to shelter in the soil. The results indicate that insecticide selectivity outcome varies by the insecticide, predator life stage and the predator's behavior. Therefore, testing different predator life stages via several routes of exposure, without denying the insect the opportunity to engage in its normal behavior can provide better estimates of insecticide selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denner Manthay Potin
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Vinnicius Arruda Machado
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Ramos Barbosa
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucurí - Campus Unaí, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias. Av. Universitária, no. 1000, 38610000, Unaí, MG, Brazil
| | - Jorge Braz Torres
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
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Wang R, Wang J, Zhang J, Che W, Feng H, Luo C. Characterization of flupyradifurone resistance in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Q biotype). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:4286-4292. [PMID: 32652864 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bemisia tabaci is one of most notorious pests on various crops worldwide and many populations show high resistance to different types of insecticides. Flupyradifurone is a novel insecticide against sucking pests. B. tabaci resistance to flupyradifurone has been detected in the field, however the mechanism of flupyradifurone resistance has rarely been studied. RESULTS The flupyradifurone-resistant strain (FLU-SEL) was selected from the susceptible strain of B. tabaci (MED-S) using flupyradifurone for 24 generations. The FLU-SEL strain exhibited 105.56-fold resistance to flupyradifurone, and moderate cross-resistance to imidacloprid, but no cross-resistance to other tested neonicotinoids. Synergism tests and metabolic enzyme assays suggested that FLU-SEL resistance can be attributed to enhanced detoxification mediated by glutathione S-transferase (GST) and P450 monooxygenase (P450). Compared with MED-S strain, CYP6CX4 and GSTs2 were significantly overexpressed in FLU-SEL, and silencing CYP6CX4 or GSTs2 increased the mortality of whiteflies to flupyradifurone challenge in FLU-SEL. In addition, silencing CYP6CX4 also increased the mortality of whiteflies exposed to imidacloprid. CONCLUSION Overexpression of CYP6CX4 and GSTs2 was associated with flupyradifurone resistance, as confirmed by RNA interference. Our findings suggested that metabolic resistance to flupyradifurone might be mediated by P450s and GSTs. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinda Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wunan Che
- Department of Pesticide Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Chen Luo
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pokharel P, Sippel M, Vilcinskas A, Petschenka G. Defense of Milkweed Bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae) against Predatory Lacewing Larvae Depends on Structural Differences of Sequestered Cardenolides. INSECTS 2020; 11:E485. [PMID: 32752003 PMCID: PMC7469174 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Predators and parasitoids regulate insect populations and select defense mechanisms such as the sequestration of plant toxins. Sequestration is common among herbivorous insects, yet how the structural variation of plant toxins affects defenses against predators remains largely unknown. The palearctic milkweed bug Lygaeus equestris (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae) was recently shown to sequester cardenolides from Adonis vernalis (Ranunculaceae), while its relative Horvathiolus superbus also obtains cardenolides but from Digitalis purpurea (Plantaginaceae). Remarkably, toxin sequestration protects both species against insectivorous birds, but only H. superbus gains protection against predatory lacewing larvae. Here, we used a full factorial design to test whether this difference was mediated by the differences in plant chemistry or by the insect species. We raised both species of milkweed bugs on seeds from both species of host plants and carried out predation assays using the larvae of the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea. In addition, we analyzed the toxins sequestered by the bugs via liquid chromatography (HPLC). We found that both insect species gained protection by sequestering cardenolides from D. purpurea but not from A. vernalis. Since the total amount of toxins stored was not different between the plant species in H. superbus and even lower in L. equestris from D. purpurea compared to A. vernalis, the effect is most likely mediated by structural differences of the sequestered toxins. Our findings indicate that predator-prey interactions are highly context-specific and that the host plant choice can affect the levels of protection to various predator types based on structural differences within the same class of chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prayan Pokharel
- Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Marlon Sippel
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Georg Petschenka
- Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
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Liang PZ, Ma KS, Chen XW, Tang CY, Xia J, Chi H, Gao XW. Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Flupyradifurone, a Novel Butenolide Insecticide, on the Development and Fecundity of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:852-858. [PMID: 30590572 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cosmopolitan pest Aphis gossypii (Glover) causes considerable economic losses on various crops by its feeding damage and transmitting diseases around the world. Flupyradifurone is a novel butenolide pesticide; its toxicity on A. gossypii parent generation (F0) was estimated following treatment with LC25 concentration for 48 h. The adult longevity and fecundity of the F0 individuals treated by flupyradifurone showed no significant decrease in comparison with the control. Life table method was used to evaluate the sublethal effects on progeny population (F1). Results showed that the development time of the fourth instar and the preadult as well as the total pre-reproductive period were significantly prolonged, while their fecundity was significantly decreased compared with the control. Additionally, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (λ), and the net reproductive rate (R0) of F1 were all significantly lower in the group treated by LC25 than in the control group. These results reveal that the sublethal concentration of flupyradifurone could suppress the population growth of A. gossypii and indicate that this novel insecticide may be as a useful tool in pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Zhuo Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kang-Sheng Ma
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xue-Wei Chen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Tang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin Xia
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hsin Chi
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Xi-Wu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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Ren M, Niu J, Hu B, Wei Q, Zheng C, Tian X, Gao C, He B, Dong K, Su J. Block of Kir channels by flonicamid disrupts salivary and renal excretion of insect pests. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 99:17-26. [PMID: 29842935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flonicamid is a selective insecticide for the control of sap-sucking insects; it exerts toxic effects by inhibiting insect feeding. However, its molecular target remains elusive. In this study, we functionally characterized NlKir1 channels of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in HEK293 cells. Homomeric NlKir1 channels generated inward-rectifying K+ currents. Flonicamid inhibited NlKir1 channels at nanomolar concentrations. Furthermore, flonicamid inhibited honeydew and salivary secretions of planthoppers, and reduced the renal excretion of female mosquitoes in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of flonicamid on fluid secretion of isolated Malpighian tubules from Culex pipiens pullens was comparable to that of the selective Kir1 inhibitor. The observed physiological alterations by flonicamid are likely mediated by Kir1 channels and could lead to the disruption of feeding behaviors and eventually lethality. Our study establishes the Kir1 channel as the target of flonicamid and provided new insights into the mode of action of flonicamid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangrui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Congfen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bingjun He
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Jianya Su
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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