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Ma G, Liu X, Wang J, Li M, Dong Z, Li X, Wang L, Han Y, Cao J. Characteristics and health risk assessment of indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 in a rural village, in Northeast of China: impact of coal and biomass burning. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9639-9652. [PMID: 37787830 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has health effects that may depend on its sources and chemical composition. In this study, characteristics of PM2.5 chemical composition and health risk assessment from Songyuan, China, were investigated during day and night in indoor and outdoor from February 4 to 19, 2021. Relative high concentrations of PM2.5 were obtained in indoor environment than outdoor, with 503.95 ± 209.62 μg/m3 during the day and 357.52 ± 232.81 μg/m3 at night for the indoor environment. Relatively high total carbon, organic carbons, elemental carbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) were obtained in indoor environment. However, the average concentrations of PAHs were higher during night (73.57 ± 43.09 ng/m3) in indoor and OPAHs during day (6.027 ± 2.960 ng/m3) in outdoor. They had different I/O distributions of these compounds during day and night. Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene was the dominant PAHs, and benzanthrone was the dominant OPAHs; this is different with the previous studies. The high indoor/outdoor ratios showed the indoor coal and biomass burning greatly affect the indoor pollutants. Average ILCR health risk assessment for PAHs was all higher than 10-6 for different age gender, suggesting there has potential cancer risk existed for populations living in the rural coal and biomass burning area Songyuan, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ma
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an Zone, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiuqun Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an Zone, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an Zone, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.
| | - Minrui Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an Zone, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhibao Dong
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an Zone, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an Zone, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Chang'an Zone, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yongming Han
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Heß S, Hof D, Oetken M, Sundermann A. Effects of multiple stressors on benthic invertebrates using Water Framework Directive monitoring data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162952. [PMID: 36948311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors affect freshwater systems and cause a deficient ecological status according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). To select effective mitigation measures and improve the ecological status, knowledge on the stressor hierarchy and individual and joined effects is necessary. However, compared to common stressors like nutrient enrichment and morphological degradation, the relative importance of micropollutants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals is largely unaddressed. We used WFD monitoring data from Saxony (Germany) to investigate the importance of 85 environmental variables (including 34 micropollutants) for 18 benthic invertebrate metrics at 108 sites. The environmental variables were assigned to five groups (natural factors, nutrient enrichment, metals, micropollutants and morphological degradation) and were ranked according to their relative importance as group and individually within and across groups using Principal Component Analyses (PCAs) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs). Overall, natural factors contributed the most to the total explained deviance of the models. This variable group represented not only typological differences between sampling sites but also a gradient of human impact by strongly anthropogenically influenced variables such as electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen. These large-scale effects can mask the individual importance of the other variable groups, which may act more specifically at a subset of sites. Accordingly, micropollutants were not represented by a few dominant variables but rather a diverse palette of different chemicals with similar contribution. As a group, micropollutants contributed similarly as metals, nutrient enrichment and morphological degradation. However, the importance of micropollutants might be underestimated due to limitations of the current chemical monitoring practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heß
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystr. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Delia Hof
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Oetken
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Sundermann
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystr. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Baldwin AK, Corsi SR, Oliver SK, Lenaker PL, Nott MA, Mills MA, Norris GA, Paatero P. Primary Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Streambed Sediment in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Multiple Lines of Evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1392-1408. [PMID: 32525591 PMCID: PMC7383861 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most widespread and potentially toxic contaminants in Great Lakes (USA/Canada) tributaries. The sources of PAHs are numerous and diverse, and identifying the primary source(s) can be difficult. The present study used multiple lines of evidence to determine the likely sources of PAHs to surficial streambed sediments at 71 locations across 26 Great Lakes Basin watersheds. Profile correlations, principal component analysis, positive matrix factorization source-receptor modeling, and mass fractions analysis were used to identify potential PAH sources, and land-use analysis was used to relate streambed sediment PAH concentrations to different land uses. Based on the common conclusion of these analyses, coal-tar-sealed pavement was the most likely source of PAHs to the majority of the locations sampled. The potential PAH-related toxicity of streambed sediments to aquatic organisms was assessed by comparison of concentrations with sediment quality guidelines. The sum concentration of 16 US Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutant PAHs was 7.4-196 000 µg/kg, and the median was 2600 µg/kg. The threshold effect concentration was exceeded at 62% of sampling locations, and the probable effect concentration or the equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmark was exceeded at 41% of sampling locations. These results have important implications for watershed managers tasked with protecting and remediating aquatic habitats in the Great Lakes Basin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1392-1408. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary A. Norris
- US Environmental Protection AgencyDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Pentti Paatero
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Liang X, Junaid M, Wang Z, Li T, Xu N. Spatiotemporal distribution, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of PBDEs and PAHs in the Guanlan River from rapidly urbanizing areas of Shenzhen, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:695-707. [PMID: 31035152 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nine congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and sixteen congeners of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in water samples to elucidate their spatial distribution, congener profiles, sources and ecological risks in the Guanlan River during both the dry season (DS) and the wet season (WS). The concentration of Σ9PBDE ranged from 58.40 to 186.35 ng/L with an average of 115.72 ng/L in the DS, and from 8.20 to 37.80 ng/L with an average of 22.15 ng/L in the WS. Meanwhile, the concentration of Σ16PAHs was ranged from 121.80 to 8371.70 ng/L with an average of 3271.18 ng/L in the DS and from 1.85 to 7124.25 ng/L with an average of 908.11 ng/L in the WS. The concentrations of PBDEs and PAHs in the DS were significantly higher than those in the WS, probably due to the dilution of the river during the rainy season. Moreover, the spatial distribution of pollutants revealed decreasing trend in the concentration from upstream to downstream and almost identical pattern was observed during both seasons. The source apportionment suggested that penta-BDE and to some extent octa-BDE commercial products were major sources of PBDEs in the study area. However, the sources of PAHs were mainly comprised of fossil fuels and biomass burning, followed by the petroleum products and their mixtures. The results of the ecological risk assessment indicated PBDEs contamination posed high ecological risks, while PAHs exhibited low or no ecological risks in the study area. Consistent with the environmental levels, the ecological risks of pollutants were relatively lower in the WS, compared to that in the DS. The results from this study would provide valuable baseline data and technical support for policy makers to protect the ecological environment of the Guanlan River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Liang
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhifen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tianhong Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Qiao M, Bai Y, Cao W, Huo Y, Zhao X, Liu D, Li Z. Impact of secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants on urban rivers: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and derivatives. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:185-191. [PMID: 30071431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing population in urban area impacted the water quality of the urban rivers receiving treated municipal wastewater. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (SPAHs) are corresponding to the population density. In this study, the concentrations of 16 PAHs and 17 SPAHs, including 4 methyl PAHs (MPAHs), 4 oxygenated PAHs and 9 chlorinated PAHs were investigated in the major urban rivers receiving the effluent from 5 major wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the mega city Beijing. The concentrations of ΣSPAHs (307 ± 68 ng/L) were similar to ΣPAHs (321 ± 92 ng/L) in the total phase (aqueous + particulate) suggesting that SPAHs in the urban rivers should be taken into consideration. The lower concentrations of ΣPAHs and ΣMPAHs in this study than the wastewater receiving rivers and WWTPs effluent previously (2010-2013), as well as the lower concentration in the heating seasons than the non-heating season in the investigated year implied the reduction of coal combustion for heating and power generation in recent years. Although WWTPs effluent was theoretically the only source to the urban rivers in the investigated season, April and November, PAHs and SPAHs in most rivers were demonstrated to be originated from other unknown sources besides the WWTPs effluent. The reduction from the original source, coal combustion (33% and 30%), was more efficient than from the wastewater treatment upgrading (15%) for the reduction of PAHs and SPAHs in the urban rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yang Huo
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Dongqing Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 102616, China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 102616, China
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Sun Y, Dong D, Zhang L, He S, Hua X, Guo Z. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban river at mid and high latitudes: A case study in Siping, a traditional industrial city in Northeast China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:960-967. [PMID: 29902118 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1470804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, spatial distribution, seasonal variation, sources, and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in overlying water and surface sediments from Tiaozi River, which is an urban river running through the downtown of Siping City, a traditional industrial city of northeastern China, were investigated. The total PAH concentrations (ΣPAHs) in water varied from 473.5 to 2674.3 ng/L with a mean value of 1272.6 ng/L and ranged from 601.5 to 2906.3 ng/g with a mean value of 1534.4 ng/g in sediments. Both the individual and total PAH concentrations in water and sediments decreased from upstream to downstream, and the average ΣPAHs between the four seasons in water and sediments decreased in the following order of winter> autumn> spring> summer. The composition of the PAHs was characterized by an abundance of PAHs from 2 rings to 4 rings, and the predominant components were naphthalene, chrysene, and benzo(a)anthracene. The identification of the source indicated that coal combustion could be the main contributor to the PAHs. The equivalent toxic concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene in the water ranged from 11.5 to 33.1 ng/L, which were much higher than the concentration limit, suggesting that PAHs in the water could cause potential risks. The risk assessment of PAHs in sediments also showed that PAHs could cause negative effects on aquatic organisms in this river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Sun
- a Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Deming Dong
- a Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- a Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Sinan He
- a Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Xiuyi Hua
- a Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- a Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University , Changchun , China
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Wang H, Liu C, Rong L, Sun L, Wang Y, Luo Q, Wu H, Wang X. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Surface Water of the Taizi River in Northeast China. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2017.1399912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Luoge Rong
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Qian X, Liang B, Liu X, Liu X, Wang J, Liu F, Cui B. Distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the Haihe River, a typical polluted urban river in Northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:17153-17165. [PMID: 28585014 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, sources, and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface sediments from the Haihe River. Total PAH concentrations varied from 171.4 to 9511.2 ng g-1 with an average of 2125.4 ng g-1, suggesting serious pollution of the Haihe River in comparison with other reported rivers worldwide. PAH contaminants differed significantly among 17 sampling locations with high values occurring in industrial areas and densely populated areas. The composition of PAHs was characterized by high abundance of 4-ring and 5-ring PAHs, and benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene were the predominant components. Molecular diagnostic ratios have confirmed that PAHs in Haihe River sediments resulted from mixed sources, primarily including various combustion processes. Ecological risk assessment using the Sediments Quality Guidelines indicated that PAHs in sediments could cause certain negative effects on aquatic organisms in most survey regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocui Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Département Génie Mathématique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rouen, Normandie, France
| | - Xinhui Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Liu G, Wang R, Liu J. Concentrations and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Sediments from the Huaihe River, China. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.902464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Wang J, Henkelmann B, Bi Y, Zhu K, Pfister G, Hu W, Temoka C, Westrich B, Schramm KW. Temporal variation and spatial distribution of PAH in water of Three Gorges Reservoir during the complete impoundment period. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:7071-7079. [PMID: 23274807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailable concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in water of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) using semipermeable membrane devices during the period of completely impounding water. ∑PAH concentrations in water of TGR in the period of completely impounding water were 15-381 ng L(-1). ∑PAH concentrations increased from town or counties to big industrialized cities in TGR, indicating urbanization effects on PAH pollution in the water. Tributaries in TGR have a certain contribution of PAH pollution to the mainstream of Yangtze River and their pollution could not be neglected. An obvious decrease of PAH concentration was observed after 175-m water impounding in 2011 in TGR. Several factors may account for this decrease, including execution of comprehensive treatment and management measures in TGR, less rainfall in 2011, and sedimentation effect caused by the dam. Passive sampling method has been successfully applied in the investigation of trace PAH in water of TGR and proved to be a useful and efficient tool for the management and sustainable development of the big reservoir. The results of the study provide valuable information about PAH pollution in the whole reservoir including some tributaries, and the pollution status is dynamically related with human activities. Therefore, PAH could be used as a marker compound or indicator in the network monitoring system to surveil and trace the pollution status in TGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Wang
- Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany,
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11
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Qi W, Liu H, Pernet-Coudrier B, Qu J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater, WWTPs effluents and in the recipient waters of Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:4254-4260. [PMID: 23292225 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, surface water samples from the Wenyu River and the North Canal, effluent from major wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Beijing, and wastewater from open sewers that discharge directly into the river system were collected and analyzed for 16 priority USEPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Concentrations of these 16 PAHs ranged from 193 to 1790 ng/L in river surface waters, 245 to 404 ng/L in WWTP effluents, and 431 to 2860 ng/L in the wastewater from the small sewers. The WWTP effluent was the main contributor of dissolved PAHs to the river, while wastewater from the small sewers contributed both dissolved and suspended particulate matter-associated PAH to the river as indicated by the high dissolved organic carbon and suspended particulate matter contents in the wastewater. Although the flow from each open sewer was small, a PAH discharge as high as 44 kg/year could occur into the river from these types of sewers. This amount was equivalent to about 22 % of the PAH loads discharged into the North Canal downstream from Beijing, whereas the remainder was mainly released by the major WWTPs in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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12
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Hong Y, Yu S, Yu G, Liu Y, Li G, Wang M. Impacts of urbanization on surface sediment quality: evidence from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contaminations in the Grand Canal of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:1352-1363. [PMID: 22743985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organic pollutants, especially synthetic organic compounds, can indicate paces of anthropogenic activities. Effects of urbanization on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) distributions in surface sediment were conducted in urban sections of the Grand Canal, China, consisting of a four-level urbanization gradient. MATERIALS AND METHODS The four-level urbanization gradients include three countryside towns, two small-size cities, three medium-size cities, and a large-size city. Diagnostic ratio analysis and factor analysis-multiple linear regression model were used for source apportionment of PAHs. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) of USA and Canada were employed to assess ecological risks of PAHs and PCBs in surface sediments of the Canal. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ranges of PAH and PCB concentrations in surface sediments were 0.66-22 mg/kg and 0.5-93 μg/kg, respectively. Coal-related sources were primary PAH sources and followed by vehicular emission. Total concentration, composition, and source apportionment of PAHs exhibited urbanization gradient effects. Total PCB concentrations increased with the urbanization gradient, while total PAHs concentration in surface sediments presented an inverted U Kuznets curve with the urbanization gradient. Elevated concentrations of both PAHs and PCBs ranged at effect range low levels or interim SQG, assessed by USA and Canadian SQGs. CONCLUSIONS PAHs and PCBs in surface sediments of the Grand Canal showed urbanization gradient effects and low ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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13
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Li WH, Tian YZ, Shi GL, Guo CS, Li X, Feng YC. Concentrations and sources of PAHs in surface sediments of the Fenhe reservoir and watershed, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 75:198-206. [PMID: 21903267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen PAHs in surface sediments at 28 sites throughout Fenhe reservoir and watershed were measured. The ∑PAHs concentrations ranged from 539.0 to 6281.7 with the mean of 2214.8ng/g. The 2-3 rings PAHs, contributing 55 percent to ∑PAHs, were the dominant species. Twenty-eight sites were grouped into three segments: Fenhe principal stream, estuaries of main branch streams, and Fenhe reservoir. ∑PAHs was highest in the estuaries of main branch streams. The ecological risk assessment was studied by biological thresholds. The results showed levels of PAHs might cause mild but not acute adverse biological effects. In addition, PAHs ratios, PCA/MLR and hierarchical clustering analysis were applied to evaluate the possible sources. Coal combustion (35 percent), diesel and gasoline emissions (29 percent and 16 percent, respectively) might be the important sources. For sites in Fenhe reservoir, the major sources were complex, while other two segments were mainly influenced by coal combustion source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Li
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
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14
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Sun L, Zang S, Xiao H. Historical record and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Lianhuan Lake sediments. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:951-958. [PMID: 21541660 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sediment core from the north Lianhuan Lake were collected to investigate its historical changes in the last one hundred years and its possible influence on ecological system in the lake. GC-MS was used to determine the concentrations of PAHs, and sediment chronological age was examined by (137)Cs dating approach. The concentrations of 16 different kinds of PAHs in the sediment samples ranged from 297 to 1,327 ng g(-1), and the low molecular weight (LMW) were predominant. The intensification of industrial and anthropogenic activities in the Daqing oil field may play the key role in the increase of PAHs concentrations in the late 1950s. To the early 1980s, the PAHs concentrations significantly decreased due to the grain size coarsening in the sediment samples, which was confirmed by the precipitation information. The 5-6 rings PAHs concentrations increased in the early 1980s may be attributed to the consumption of petroleum, coal and wood. The results showed that both the PAHs historical record and current concentrations may cause some influence on the Lianhuan Lake ecological system. The toxicology research on this ecological system should be done in the further investigations for determining the PAHs damage on human and ecological system health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment, College of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
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15
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Guo W, He M, Yang Z, Lin C, Quan X. Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Xihe River, an urban river in China's Shenyang City: distribution and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:1193-1199. [PMID: 21196077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons and the risks they pose to the ecosystem were studied in the Xihe River, which is an urban river located in Shenyang, China. High levels of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHc) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were observed in the river due to the discharge of wastewater from industrial and municipal facilities for a long period of time. High-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, including unresolved complex mixtures (UCM) of n-alkanes between n-C16 and n-C32 and of PAHs with four to six rings, were the dominant hydrocarbons in the river, particularly in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments. The AHc was mainly from petrogenic sources, whereas PAHs was from both pyrolytic and petrogenic source inputs. Our results suggest that there is a high risk of toxicity for the soils and groundwater of the study area. The overall toxicity in the sediments can be described using the toxic equivalent (TEQ) of dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBA) based on benzo(a)pyrene (TEQ(BaP)) and dioxins (TEQ(TCDD)) toxic equivalent concentrations. The TEQ values for benzo(a)pyrene (TEQ(BaP)) and dioxins (TEQ(TCDD)) presented a consistent assessment of sediment PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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