1
|
Rex KR, Chakraborty P. Polychlorinated biphenyls in bovine milk from a typical informal electronic waste recycling and related source regions in southern India before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168879. [PMID: 38013105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
For more than a decade, Chennai city in southern India has been evidenced with informal electronic waste (e-waste) recycling and open burning practices as the potential sources for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs can bioaccumulate in livestock particularly cows grazing on the contaminated soil. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to additional challenges associated with waste management practices. Hence this study aims to elucidate twenty-five PCB congeners in bovine milk from the previously reported PCB source regions in Chennai and the suburbs before and after about three years of the pandemic outbreak along electronic waste recycling (EWR), open burning dumps (OBD), and residential (RES) transects. The geomean concentration of Ʃ25PCBs in ng/g lipid weight (lw) followed a decreasing trend of EWR (13 ng/g lw) > OBD (8 ng/g lw) > RES (4 ng/g lw). Over 80 % of PCBs stemmed from EWR and OBD transects before and after the pandemic. However, a significant surge in the level of PCB-52 was observed in the OBD transect after the pandemic outbreak. Most toxic PCB congeners, PCB-126 and -169 were significant contributors to TEQs in EWR and OBD transects and can be reasoned with the burning of waste materials and mixed plastics in these transects. The highest average daily dose (ADD) exposure risk was for children from EWR and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than other transects. Mean ADD-induced TEQ (6.6 pg TEQ/kg-bw/day) from the cows grazing around Kodungaiyur dumpsite slightly exceeded the EU guideline of 5.5 pg TEQ/kg-bw/day after the outbreak of the pandemic due to PCB-126. However, none of the samples exceeded the US FDA (1.5μg/g milk fat) recommendation limits for PCBs in milk fat. Prolonged exposure to such persistent organic pollutants interlinked with the burning of mixed waste in the open dumps can be a public health concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ronnie Rex
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate CHange (REACH), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Derouiche A, Achour A, Driss MR. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in raw bovine milk from various dairy farms in Beja, Tunisia: contamination status, dietary intake, and health risk assessment for the consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65427-65439. [PMID: 37084058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We determined organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in raw bovine milk taken directly from the milking equipment for different animals and various farms in Béja region, which is one of the largest milk producing areas in Tunisia. All milk samples were contaminated with one or more pesticides and exhibited measurable concentrations of some PCB congeners. The residue levels are generally marked by the predominance of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (median: 17.60 ng g-1 fat), followed by hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (median: 14.31 ng g-1 fat), PCBs (median: 4.71 ng g-1 fat), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) (median: 0.77 ng g-1 fat). DDT/DDE ratios across the samples vary between 0.09 to 32.24 and exhibit the hypothesis of sustaining illegal use of the banned pesticide. The historical or recent use of OCPs and possible emission sources of PCBs identified near studied farms may lead to increased levels of these contaminants in produced milk. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values were several orders of magnitude below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) fixed by FAO/WHO, though recorded concentration in some samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) fixed by the EU, especially for OCPs. According to health risk assessments, consumption of raw milk did not pose an obvious cancer risk or other health problems for local inhabitants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Derouiche
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructural Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Zarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Amani Achour
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage Tunisia, 7021, Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ridha Driss
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructural Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Urseler N, Bachetti R, Biolé F, Morgante V, Morgante C. Atrazine pollution in groundwater and raw bovine milk: Water quality, bioaccumulation and human risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158498. [PMID: 36063942 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine herbicide can bioaccumulate over time and thus affect humans for generations to come. However, scarce studies have evaluated its bioaccumulation potential in bovine milk, a nutritional staple for children and the elderly both domestically and internationally. This study aimed to determine its concentration in groundwater and bovine milk, as well as the risks it is likely to pose for human health. Eighteen dairy farms in the Pampean plain of Argentina were analyzed. A strong correlation was found between the chemical composition and the geomorphological characteristics of the plain. In addition, increased salinity was observed in the groundwater at greater distances from the aquifer's recharge area. Atrazine was quantified in 50 % of the groundwater samples (at values ranging from 0.07 to 1.40 μg/L), and in 89 % of the bovine milk samples (from 2.51 to 20.97 μg/L). Moreover, atrazine levels in 44.4 % of the groundwater samples and 11.1 % of the bovine milk samples (n = 18) exceeded the limits internationally established as safe for human consumption. The hazard quotient (HQ) values of the compound were negligible for children and adults, both in groundwater (child = 9.7E-4, adult = 4.5E-4) and in milk (child = 1.0E-2, adult = 1.6E-3). The estimated cancer risk (CR) values need further evaluation (child = 7.8E-6, adult = 3.6E-6 in groundwater; child = 6.6E-5, adult = 1.3E-5 in milk). In both types of samples, the HQ and CR of residual atrazine were higher for children than for adults. Nevertheless, bioaccumulation factors suggest that dairy cows have a moderate capacity to incorporate atrazine from abiotic matrices. This is the first report on residual atrazine in bovine milk in Argentina. The results presented here indicate that the status of atrazine contamination in the area should continue to be monitored in order to assess its long-term impact on public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Urseler
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas (IAPCByA), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agro-alimentaria y Biotecnológica, IMITAB-CONICET, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555 (CP 5900), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Romina Bachetti
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas (IAPCByA), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agro-alimentaria y Biotecnológica, IMITAB-CONICET, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555 (CP 5900), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Biolé
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas (IAPCByA), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agro-alimentaria y Biotecnológica, IMITAB-CONICET, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555 (CP 5900), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Morgante
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Avenida Viel 1497, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Carolina Morgante
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas (IAPCByA), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agro-alimentaria y Biotecnológica, IMITAB-CONICET, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555 (CP 5900), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ravanipour M, Nabipour I, Yunesian M, Rastkari N, Mahvi AH. Exposure sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and health risk assessment: a systematic review in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:55437-55456. [PMID: 35676570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to identify the sources of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), portioning, and human health risk assessment in Iran. The literature was searched in the international databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the national databases of SID and MagIran up to November 14, 2020. Among all 153 articles, 21 eligible papers were identified. Among them, only one article was related to drinking water, the rest was related to food and soil, and no article was found on ambient air. The corrected portion of each exposure source was determined to be 90% for food, 9% for water, and 1% for air. The total hazard quotient (HQ) was determined to be within an unsafe range, and the total excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was determined to be at a high risk of oral carcinogenesis. It is suggested that a comprehensive study be conducted in a specific period for all sources of exposure in all counties of Iran. Moreover, it is recommended that the policymakers set national standards for this pollutant in near future in some sources of exposure (e.g., drinking water) which have no standards in Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Ravanipour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., Qods St., Enghelab St, Tehran, 141761315, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., Qods St., Enghelab St, Tehran, 141761315, Iran
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., Qods St., Enghelab St, Tehran, 141761315, Iran.
- Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shahsavari S, Shariatifar N, Arabameri M, Mahmoudi R, Moazzen M, Ghajarbeygi P. Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in cream and ice cream using modified QuEChERS extraction and GC‐QqQ‐MS/MS method: A risk assessment study. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shahsavari
- Health Products Safety Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences QazvinIran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistical, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center Food and Drug Organization, Ministry of Health and Medical Education TehranIran
| | - Razzagh Mahmoudi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences QazvinIran
| | - Mojtaba Moazzen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
| | - Peyman Ghajarbeygi
- Health Products Safety Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hasan GA, Das AK, Satter MA. Multi residue analysis of organochlorine pesticides in fish, milk, egg and their feed by GC-MS/MS and their impact assessment on consumers health in Bangladesh. NFS JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Yaminifar S, Aeenehvand S, Ghelichkhani G, Ahmadloo M, Arabameri M, Moazzen M, Shariatifar N. The measurement and health risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls in butter samples using the QuEChERS/GC‐MS method. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Yaminifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Poursina Avenue, Qods Street, Enqelab Square Tehran Tehran 1461965381Iran
| | - Saeed Aeenehvand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Poursina Avenue, Qods Street, Enqelab Square Tehran Tehran 1461965381Iran
| | - Gilda Ghelichkhani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Poursina Avenue, Qods Street, Enqelab Square Tehran Tehran 1461965381Iran
| | - Mahsa Ahmadloo
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene School of Public Health School of Health Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Shahid Bahonar Boulevard Qazvin QazvinIran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Food Safety Research Center (salt) Semnan University of Medical Sciences Headquarter of Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Bassij Blvd Semnan Semnan 35147‐99442 Iran
| | - Mojtaba Moazzen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Poursina Avenue, Qods Street, Enqelab Square Tehran Tehran 1461965381Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Poursina Avenue, Qods Street, Enqelab Square Tehran Tehran 1461965381Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sana S, Qadir A, Mumtaz M, Evans NP, Ahmad SR. Spatial trends and human health risks of organochlorinated pesticides from bovine milk; a case study from a developing country, Pakistan. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130110. [PMID: 33725621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bovine milk is a nutritious food commodity extensively produced and consumed in Punjab, Pakistan. This study assesses the concentration profile of organochlorine pesticides (OCP; 18 compounds) in buffaloes and cow's milk in eight major districts of Punjab, Pakistan and the potential impacts of such exposure. The total OCPs in buffaloes and cow's milk samples ranged from 3.93 to 27.63 ng mL-1 and 14.64-77.93 ng mL-1 respectively. The overall pattern of mean OCPs concentration in buffaloes and cows milk showed that Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are predominant followed by Heptachlors and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs). So far, the concentration profile depicted that ∑HCHs, ∑DDTs and ∑Heptachlors did not exceed the maximum residual limits set for buffaloes and cow's milk. The spatial trends in terms of cluster analysis depicted significant variation (p > 0.05) among the districts in one cluster probably owing to local conditions. Furthermore, recently used DDTs were also identified at some of the selected districts. The risk assessment suggests that the estimated daily intake for each OCP was in accordance with the acceptable daily intake, thus single compound exposure does not pose a significant carcinogenic risk. However, the hazard ratios indicated that the values for ∑DDTs posed risk in adults consuming cow's milk whereas children may face carcinogenic risk on the consumption of both buffalo and cow's milk. The risk may be altered where mixture is considered, furthermore, regarding carcinogenic risks a continuous monitoring based ecological analysis is recommended in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sana
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Mehvish Mumtaz
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Neil P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paydar P, Asadikaram G, Fallah H, Zeynali Nejad H, Akbari H, Abolhassani M, Moazed V, Khazaeli P, Heidari MR. Serum levels of Organochlorine Pesticides and Breast Cancer Risk in Iranian Women. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:480-489. [PMID: 31324944 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease and its etiology is linked to multiple risk factors. There are shreds of controversial evidence that exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are important in the etiology of breast cancer. The present study aimed to determine the circulating levels of OCPs in patients with breast tumors in Southeastern of Iran. This case-control study included 27 patients with malignant breast tumors (MBT), 31 patients with benign breast tumors (BBT), and 27 healthy women as a control group. Serum OCPs levels, including α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (2,4-DDT), 4,4-DDT, 2,4-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (2,4-DDE), and 4,4-DDE, were measured using gas chromatography. Our data revealed significantly higher concentrations of 2,4-DDT in MBT and BBT groups compared with control ones (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Patients with breast cancer suffered significantly higher accumulation levels of 4,4-DDE compared with control subjects (P = 0.04). Significant correlations were found among organochlorine compounds with each other in both patients' groups. There was a significant positive correlation between body mass index and serum levels of 2,4-DDT in BBT group (r = 0.407, P = 0.02). The present findings suggest that the serum levels of 4,4-DDE and 2,4-DDT are associated with an increase in the risk of breast cancer in Southeastern women of Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Paydar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hossein Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Zeynali Nejad
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Moazed
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Payam Khazaeli
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Heidari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Naseri K, Miri M, Zeinali M, Zeinali T. Evaluation of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in meat and edible organs, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30980-30987. [PMID: 31452120 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are a more persistent and lipophilic group of insecticides. The present study aims to evaluate the residues of OCPs in meat, liver, and kidney of the cattle and sheep. A total of 54 samples were obtained from butcheries and local markets in Birjand, east of Iran. The residual contents of aldrin; dieldrin; dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; and its metabolites (DDTs), endosulfan isomers, endrin, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, chlordans, methoxychlor, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), were analyzed in all samples. OCP residues were extracted by using the QuEChERS technique and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All of the analyzed OCPs were lower than the detection limit. The findings showed that meat and edible organs marketed in this region enjoyed a good status in terms of the residues of OCP. Monitoring of pesticide residues in meat and edible organs is necessary from the public health point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Naseri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abused Research Center, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Miri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Tayebeh Zeinali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dubny S, Peluso F, Masson I, Othax N, González Castelain J. Application of a health risk assessment model for cattle exposed to pesticides in contaminated drinking waters: A study case from the Pampas region, Argentina. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:585-592. [PMID: 29335230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using the USEPA methodology we estimated the probabilistic chronic risks for calves and adult cows due to pesticide exposure through oral intake of contaminated surface and ground waters in Tres Arroyos County (Argentina). Because published data on pesticide toxicity endpoints for cows are scarce, we used threshold levels based on interspecies extrapolation methods. The studied waters showed acceptable quality for cattle production since none of the pesticides were present at high-enough concentrations to potentially affect cow health. Moreover, ground waters had better quality than surface waters, with dieldrin and deltamethrin being the pesticides associated with the highest risk values in the former and the latter water compartments, respectively. Our study presents a novel use of the USEPA risk methodology proving it is useful for water quality evaluation in terms of pesticide toxicity for cattle production. This approach represents an alternative tool for water quality management in the absence of specific cattle pesticide regulatory limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Dubny
- Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Usunoff", Azul, Buenos Aires, C.C. 47 (B7300), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fabio Peluso
- Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Usunoff", Azul, Buenos Aires, C.C. 47 (B7300), Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Masson
- Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Usunoff", Azul, Buenos Aires, C.C. 47 (B7300), Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Natalia Othax
- Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Usunoff", Azul, Buenos Aires, C.C. 47 (B7300), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José González Castelain
- Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Usunoff", Azul, Buenos Aires, C.C. 47 (B7300), Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Singh S, Nelapati K. Effect of food processing on degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane and its isomers in milk. Vet World 2017; 10:270-275. [PMID: 28435187 PMCID: PMC5387652 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.270-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of different food processing techniques on the degradation of organochlorine compounds (α, β, ɣ and δ hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCH)) residues in both natural and fortified samples of milk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Raw milk samples are collected from the local areas of Hyderabad, India. Naturally and fortified milk samples (HCH) were subjected to various food processing techniques, pasteurization (63ºC for ½ h), sterilization (121ºC for 15 min) and boiling for 5 min and analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method for multiresidue analysis of pesticides in milk with slight modification. RESULTS The final mean residual concentration of pesticide in milk after heat processing and percentage of degradation were calculated with respective treatments. CONCLUSION Heat treatments are highly effective on reduction of mean residual concentration of HCH in milk. In which Sterilization and boiling proved to be more effective in degradation of HCH isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Singh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science, P. V. Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - Krishnaiah Nelapati
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science, P. V. Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mostafalou S, Karami-Mohajeri S, Abdollahi M. Environmental and population studies concerning exposure to pesticides in iran: a comprehensive review. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:e13896. [PMID: 24693394 PMCID: PMC3955509 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in Iranian agriculture and this has made a major toxicological concern among health professionals. The objective of this study is to explore national data about pesticides toxicity. All relevant databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus in a time period of 1960 to 2012 were searched for the keywords “Pesticides, Iran, Environment, and Population studies”. A total of 57 studies were found relevant and then included into study. Almost all non-experimental studies carried out in Iran were classified into two main categories of residue assessment in different samples and toxic effects on human. Depending on the dose and duration of exposure, toxic effects of pesticides have been studied in two classifications including acute toxicity or acute poisoning and chronic toxicity. High extent of pesticides have been used during the past decade in Iran while no enough proper studies were done to explore their possible toxic effects in the environment and the people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Abdollahi, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran, Tel: +98-2164122319, Fax: +98-2166959104, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Weiss J, Müller A, Vives I, Mariani G, Umlauf G. Spatial gradients of OCPs in European butter--integrating environmental and exposure information. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2948-2962. [PMID: 23054775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Stockholm Convention and the Global Monitoring Plan encourage the production of monitoring data to effectively evaluate the presence of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in all regions, in order to identify changes in levels over time, as well as to provide information on their regional and global environmental transport. Here, we report the first step of two to investigate whether butter is a feasible matrix to screen with the purpose to reflect regional ambient atmospheric air levels of POPs. The first step described here is to generate monitoring data; the second is to investigate the relationship between the two matrixes, i.e., POP concentrations in air and butter, which will be reported in another article published in this journal. Here, the 27 organochlorine pesticides listed under the Stockholm Convention have been analyzed in 75 butter samples from Europe. The general conclusions were as follows: Total organochlorine pesticide concentration is lower in butter from northern and central Europe. The spatial gradient of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethane and hexachlorocyclohexane is increasing in the eastern region of Europe (Romania, Bulgaria, and Ukraine), dieldrin towards France, and endosulfan levels were elevated on the Azores Island in the Atlantic Ocean. One butter sample from Romania exceeded the European Maximum Residue Limit value for lindane, but the other butter pesticide levels were all below the limit values. The dataset reported here can be used for the calibration of the air-grass-dairy products model, which would support the feasibility to use butter as biomonitor for measuring POP levels in ambient air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Weiss
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Avancini RM, Silva IS, Rosa ACS, Sarcinelli PDN, de Mesquita SA. Organochlorine compounds in bovine milk from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul-Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2013. [PMID: 23177004 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorines are highly hydrophobic, synthetic organic pollutants that accumulate in the environment and in food webs. The primary route of human exposure to organochlorines is through food-mainly fat-rich food of animal origin such as meat, fish, and dairy products. Here we determined the presence and concentration of organochlorine residues in pasteurized milk from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, to monitor consumer exposure to these contaminants. Organochlorine pesticides in milk samples were analyzed using solid phase extraction in octadecyl silica-prepacked columns and identified by gas chromatography using an electron capture detector. Of the 100 composite samples analyzed, more than 90% contained residues of organochlorine pesticides: aldrin was present in 44% of the samples, followed by ∑DDT (36%), mirex (34%), endosulfan (32%), chlordane (17%), dicofol (14%), heptachlor (11%) and dieldrin (11%). Compared to the values established by law, the concentration of the compounds in some samples was above the reference values. Given the importance that milk and its products have in the human diet, it is essential to know whether the levels of pesticide residues are kept well below the recommended levels to minimize the risk to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Régia Maria Avancini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS)/Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (IFMS), Av. Julio de Castilho, 4960, Panamá, CEP 79113-000, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pérez JJ, León SVY, Gutiérrez R, López Y, Faure R, Escobar A. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residues in milk from an agroindustrial zone of Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 89:404-8. [PMID: 22739542 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The coasts of the Gulf of Mexico are zones exposed to the exploration and exploitation of petroleum sources, and the products generated in agricultural zones may become contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) in milk from dairy production units near sources of environmental pollutants. It was confirmed that the seven congeners of nondioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) are present in milk where compounds PCB101, PCB118, PCB153 and PCB180 appear in 100% of the samples analyzed, the rank of concentration for the sum of the seven congeners fluctuating between 2.6 and 26 ng g(-1) with a median of 6 ng g(-1). None of the samples surpassed the provisional value established by the EU of 40 ng g(-1) of milk fat for the sum of the seven congeners, indicator that was not affected by the season of the year (p<0.05), whose median of 8.6 ng g(-1) and 6.3 ng g(-1) for rain and drought respectively. The concentrations of NDL-PCBs found in milk do not represent a problem for human health; however, they alert the existence of spontaneously generated, uncontrolled sources that may represent a potential danger for human and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jesús Pérez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, México, DF, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie W, Chen A, Li J, Liu Q, Yang H, Wu T, Lu Z. Topsoil dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations and sources along an urban-rural gradient in the Yellow River Delta. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:1655-1661. [PMID: 23520874 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Delta (YRD) is a typical agricultural and petrochemical industrial area of China. To assess the current status of soil dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) residues, topsoil samples (0-15 cm) (n = 82) were collected in Bincheng District, at the geographic center of the YRD. The total concentrations of six DDT homologues were within 3.3-3819 microg/kg, with a mean concentration of 191 microg/kg, showing significant increase along urban-rural gradient. Soil concentrations of seven indicator PCBs in the area ranged from non-detectable to 87.0 microg/kg, dominated by heavily chlorinated PCBs (PCB-101 and -118). Soil PCBs concentrations were significantly greater in urban than suburban and rural areas. Principal component and multiple linear regression analysis suggest that 86.4% of soil DDTs originate from past DDT usage, and 13.6% originate from dicofol application. Soil PCBs most likely originate from the petrochemical industry (77.1%), municipal solid waste disposal (16.5%), local commercial PCB homologues usage (5.2%), and long-range atmospheric deposition (1.2%). In general, soil DDTs pollution was classified as low level, and mean PCBs concentrations were below the severe contamination classification range. Because PCB-118 is a dioxin-like congener, monitoring and remediation is advised to assess and reduce negative environmental and human health effects from soil DDTs and dioxin-like congeners in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xie
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|