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Amirkhosravi A, Mirtajaddini Goki M, Heidari MR, Karami-Mohajeri S, Iranpour M, Torshabi M, Mehrabani M, Mandegary A, Mehrabani M. Combination of losartan with pirfenidone: a protective anti-fibrotic against pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8729. [PMID: 38622264 PMCID: PMC11018867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pirfenidone (PFD), one acceptable medication for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is not well tolerated by patients at full doses. Hence, employing of some approaches such as combination therapy may be applicable for increasing therapeutic efficacy of PFD. Losartan (LOS), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, could be a suitable candidate for combination therapy because of its stabilizing effect on the pulmonary function of IPF patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of LOS in combination with PFD on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats. BLM-exposed rats were treated with LOS alone or in combination with PFD. The edema, pathological changes, level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), collagen content, and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the lung tissues. Following BLM exposure, the inflammatory response, collagen levels, and antioxidant markers in rat lung tissues were significantly improved by PFD, and these effects were improved by combination with LOS. The findings of this in vivo study suggest that the combined administration of PFD and LOS may provide more potent protection against IPF than single therapy through boosting its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-oxidant effects. These results hold promise in developing a more effective therapeutic strategy for treating of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Amirkhosravi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Reza Heidari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Torshabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrabani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Darijani MH, Aminzadeh A, Rahimi HR, Mandegary A, Heidari MR, Karami-Mohajeri S, Jafari E. Evaluating the protective effect of metformin against diclofenac-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage: In vitro and in vivo studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 685:149168. [PMID: 37907013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DIC) is one of the most commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and has been shown to cause oxidative stress and liver injury. The current study investigated protective effects of metformin against DIC-induced hepatic toxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models. For the in vitro study, HepG2 cells were exposed to DIC in the presence or absence of metformin. The effect of metformin on cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol molecules (TTM), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) were assessed. For the in vivo study, thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. These groups were normal saline, metformin (200 mg/kg), DIC (50 mg/kg/day), DIC + metformin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day). Histopathological studies and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, direct and total bilirubin were measured. Also, oxidative stress parameters were assessed in liver tissue. Furthermore, expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-1, -3, and -4, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, and -3 was examined using the real-time PCR method in hepatic tissue. In the in vitro study, metformin significantly prevented DIC-induced loss in cell viability in HepG2 cells. Metformin markedly reduced DIC-induced elevation of MDA levels and increased the TAC and TTM levels. In the in vivo study, metformin significantly prevented DIC-induced changes in hematological and histological markers. Administration of metformin significantly improved oxidative stress parameters in liver tissue. In addition, metformin increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Our results suggest that metformin exerts a significant protective effect against DIC-induced hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Darijani
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminzadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Nejad BG, Mostafaei Z, Rezaabad AB, Mehravar F, Zarei M, Dehghani A, Estabragh MAR, Karami-Mohajeri S, Alizadeh H. A systematic review with meta-analysis of the relation of aflatoxin B1 to growth impairment in infants/children. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:614. [PMID: 38053136 PMCID: PMC10696779 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxins are regarded as the most potent genotoxic and carcinogenic type of mycotoxins. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate a the relation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to growth measurements of infants/children, including wasting, underweight, stunting, as well as weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) z-scores. METHODS Electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify related publications. Effect sizes for associations were pooled using the random effects analysis. Subgroup analysis by study design, method used to assess AFB1, and adjustment for covariateswas performed to detect possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Pooled analysis of available data showed that AFB1 exposure was negatively associated growth z-scores, including WHZ (β = -0.02, 95%CI = -0.07 to 0.03), with WAZ (β = -0.18, 95%CI = -0.33 to -0.02), and HAZ (β = -0.17, 95%CI = -0.30 to -0.03) in infants/children. There was a remarkable heterogeneity among studies on WAZ and HAZ (P ≤ 0.001). In prospective cohort studies, AFB1 exposure was found to be significantly associated with the elevated risk of underweight (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.40) and stunting (OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.11 to 1.33). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis highlighted the importance of AFB1 exposure as a potential risk factor for growth impairment in infants/children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ghorbani Nejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Mostafaei
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Balouchi Rezaabad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehravar
- Department of Psychiatry and Community Health Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GOUMS), Golestan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Zarei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hamzeh Alizadeh
- Genetics Research Center, Department of Genetics and Breeding, The University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
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Karami-Mohajeri S, Hashemi N, Ranjbar M, Mohajeri M, Sharififar F. One-Step Preparation of Luteolin Nanoemulsion and Evaluation of its Anti-inflammatory Effect in Animal Models. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2023:CDDT-EPUB-130369. [PMID: 36974415 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230327133142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoemulsions are promising drug delivery systems for topical application owing to the high transdermal penetration. OBJECT Due to the side effects of existing anti-inflammatory drugs, much attention has been paid to natural products such as flavonoids. The aim of this work was to formulate luteolin nanoemulsion (LNE) and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS LNE was prepared using the low-energy spontaneous emulsion method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The anti-inflammatory effect of LNE was assessed in formalin and acetic acid-induced inflammation methods (Whittle test). Treatment with LNE (i.p, 4 consecutive days, 40 mg/kg) was compared with diclofenac 25 mg/kg and normal saline. In the formalin test, data were recorded at 1, 2 and 4 hours after formalin injection and in the Wittle test, the extent of Evans blue leakage in the peritoneal cavity was considered as vascular permeability. RESULTS Formalin-induced edema decreased in the LNE group, but this reduction was not significant (p>0.05), however, in Whittle test, both LNE and diclofenac significantly reduced Evans blue leakage compared with the group treated with acetic acid alone (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of LNE and give up a new platform for the design and development of bio-based carriers for more successful drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ranjbar
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Tavakoli MR, Faraji M, Sam S, Ghasempour A, Rezaei M, Langarizadeh MA, Karami-Mohajeri S. Erectile dysfunction from mechanisms to medicines with a focus on the application of topical Minoxidil. Sex Med Rev 2023; 11:114-123. [PMID: 36857310 DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qead001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED), for multifactorial reasons, is one of the biggest current quandaries among men worldwide and results in other complications such as reduced quality of life of the patient and his sexual partner, impotence, and psychiatric problems. OBJECTIVES Understanding of disease etiology, penile anatomy, erectile physiology, therapeutic mechanisms, and effective molecular pathways all play key roles in determining a therapeutic approach. This project is based on the study of topical minoxidil's effectiveness in treating ED. METHODS To perform a comprehensive overview of the subject, we performed a triple-keyword combination search to assess recent studies of ED. RESULTS The most common formulation used in these studies was 2% minoxidil solution. Except for cases studied in paralytic patients, topical treatment with minoxidil appears to elicit a mild erectile response; however, this finding is insufficient to confirm the effectiveness of this topical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Although evidence to confirm the therapeutic properties of minoxidil in ED is limited, combination therapy and the use of modern formulations of minoxidil are promising options for treating ED in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziye Ranjbar Tavakoli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Faraji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Sam
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Ghasempour
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Langarizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Amirkhosravi A, Heidari MR, Karami-Mohajeri S, Torshabi M, Mandegary A, Mehrabani M. Losartan enhances the suppressive effect of pirfenidone on the bleomycin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and oxidative stress in A549 cell line. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2023; 26:972-978. [PMID: 37427320 PMCID: PMC10329237 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.68982.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease. Despite the promising anti-fibrotic effect, the toleration of pirfenidone (PFD) by the patients in full dose is low. Combination therapy is a method for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of PFD and decreasing its dose. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of a combination of losartan (LOS) and PFD on oxidative stress parameters and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process induced by bleomycin (BLM) in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Materials and Methods The non-toxic concentrations of BLM, LOS, and PFD were assessed by the MTT assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and anti-oxidant enzyme activity including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed after co-treatment. Migration and western blot assays were used to evaluate EMT in BLM-exposed A549 after single or combined treatments. Results The combination treatment exhibited a remarkable decrease in cellular migration compared with both single and BLM-exposed groups. Furthermore, the combination treatment significantly improved cellular anti-oxidant markers compared with the BLM-treated group. Moreover, combined therapy markedly increased epithelial markers while decreasing mesenchymal markers. Conclusion This in vitro study revealed that the combination of PFD with LOS might be more protective in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) than single therapy because of its greater efficacy in regulating the EMT process and oxidative stress. The current results might offer a promising therapeutic strategy for the future clinical therapy of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Amirkhosravi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Heidari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Torshabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Mohammadi Z, Alaee S, Namavar MR, Khodabandeh Z, Ahmadi N, Rashidipour N, Karami-Mohajeri S. The antioxidant properties of resveratrol on sperm parameters, testicular tissue, antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation in isoflurane-induced toxicity in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231215036. [PMID: 37984886 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231215036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study explores whether resveratrol effectively protects the reproductive system against isoflurane-induced toxicity in testicular tissue. In this experiment, we randomly divided 60 adult male C57BL/6 mice into six groups (n = 10). Five consecutive days per week, mice were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 1 h/day and were given 50 and 100 mg/kg resveratrol. After 35 days (the completion of the mouse spermatogenesis period), the left testis was removed for histomorphometric evaluations, while the right testis was used to determine the Capacity of total antioxidants and lipid peroxidation. To analyze the Parameters of sperm, chromatin maturation, and DNA fragmentation, the left caudal epididymis was used. Based on a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we considered a difference in means of 0.05 to be significant (P0.05). Compared to the control group, the isoflurane group showed a significant decrease in testicular weight, volume, sperm parameters, and tissue histomorphometry. Comparatively, to the control group, malondialdehyde levels increased, and the total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly. Resveratrol improved all of the above parameters in the simultaneous treatment groups compared to the isoflurane group. It did not, however, reach the level of the control group in all cases. It has been demonstrated that resveratrol, with its powerful antioxidant properties, reduces the reproductive toxicity of isoflurane by inhibiting free radicals and increasing the testicular tissue's antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Alaee
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Namavar
- Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khodabandeh
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahid Ahmadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Niloofar Rashidipour
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Fghihi-Zarandi A, Dabaghzadeh F, Vaziri A, Karami-Mohajeri S, Ghorbaninejad B, Zamani A, Rahimi-Sadegh K. Occupational risk assessment of organophosphates with an emphasis on psychological and oxidative stress factors. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:342-350. [PMID: 35513771 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221096315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are widely used all over the world in domestic and industrial settings, but these chemicals affect the nervous system, induce suicidal thoughts, depression and anxiety, and impair sleep quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the main toxicity mechanisms of OPPs, oxidative stress and cholinesterase inhibition, and psychological parameters in chronic exposure to OPPs. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 56 male OPPs factory workers as the worker group and 47 unexposed individuals within the same age range as the control group. Psychological factors were assessed using validated questionnaires. The activity of plasma cholinesterase and oxidative stress biomarkers, total antioxidant capacity of plasma, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonylation were determined in blood samples by spectrophotometer. Sleep quality score in the factory workers was lower, and depression and suicidal ideation scores were higher than those in the control group. These factory workers showed 35% lower levels of plasma cholinesterase activity than did the controls. Compared to the control group, a significant impairment in oxidative stress biomarkers was also observed in the workers. Meanwhile, there was a significant relationship between the duration of employment and the level of LPO as well as a significant correlation between the quality of sleep and plasma cholinesterase in the workers. In conclusion, long-term exposure to OPPs could cause oxidative damages and neurobehavioral effects. The close monitoring of workplace exposure to organophosphates pesticides and also their respective solvents along with the reduction of working hours are of the necessities to avoid the adverse impacts of exposure to these pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fghihi-Zarandi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dabaghzadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Departments of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Vaziri
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 68106Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Departments of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 68106Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbaninejad
- Departments of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Zamani
- Vice_chancellery of Health, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Karami-Mohajeri S, Mohammadinejad R, Ashrafizadeh M, Mohamadi N, Mohajeri M, Sharififar F. Diosgenin: mechanistic insights on its anti-inflammatory effects. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2022; 21:2-9. [PMID: 35346012 DOI: 10.2174/1871523021666220328121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DG), a well-known steroid saponin, has shown anti-inflammatory effects. This review was aimed to discuss all published literature concerning the anti-inflammatory effects of diosgenin. Based on the modulatory impact of DG on the NF-κB pathway, its supplementation is associated with downregulation of NF-κB pathway and TGF-β, resulting in inhibition of inflammation. It appears that upstream modulators of NF-κB signaling pathway such as Tlrs and downstream mediators include iNOS and COX-2, leading to the inhibition of the inflammatory response and development of pathological conditions. Due to the low toxicity of the herbal compounds, the risk of the side effects of DG use for the management of inflammatory disorders such as asthma, rheumatism, rhinitis, and arthritis are lower than that of synthetic glucocorticoids. It has been shown that regulation of NF-κB and oxidative stress signaling pathways by DG is beneficial against cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz Iran
| | - Neda Mohamadi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Haft Bagh-e-Alavi Highway, Kerman, 7616911319, Iran
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Dabaghzadeh F, Sharififar F, Ahmadzadeh AM, Karami-Mohajeri S. The effects of Berberis vulgaris L. root extract on the opiate withdrawal syndrome and psychological factors: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021:jbcpp-2020-0327. [PMID: 34147041 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this clinical trial, the effect of aqueous extract of Berberis vulgaris L. was investigated on opiate withdrawal syndrome, depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality in opioid addicts which were under methadone maintenance therapy. METHODS For this purpose, 52 opiate addicts were randomly selected of whom 28 received 500 mg capsules of B. vulgaris extract (treatment) and the rest received 500 mg of starch capsules (placebo), twice daily for 4 weeks. Signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal syndrome, depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality were assessed through Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) questionnaires at baseline and after 7, 14, and 28 days of receiving intervention. RESULTS Signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal syndrome were significantly improved in those who received the extract for 1 month compared to the placebo group. However, there were no significant differences in depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality scores in the treatment group compared to those in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The extract of B. vulgaris root as a traditional herbal product in combination with methadone could improve the symptoms and signs of opiate withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dabaghzadeh
- Pharm D, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Pharm D, Herbal and Traditional Medicine Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Ahmadzadeh
- Pharm D, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharm D, Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Karami-Mohajeri S, Najafi A, Behnam B, Sadeghi Meymandi M, Kashitarash Ifahani Z, Jafari E, Heidari M, Mohamadi N, Sharififar F. Protective effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. and its main compound, rosmarinic acid, against malathion induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. J Environ Sci Health B 2021; 56:297-306. [PMID: 33560903 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1879595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Malathion (MT) is one of the most widely used organophosphorus insecticides which induces toxicity through oxidative stress induction, free radical production and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In this work, HepG2 cells were used to determine the effect of Zataria multiflora methanolic extract (MEZM) and rosmarinic acid (RA) on MT-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined and plant was further standardized based on RA content using HPLC method. The cultured HepG2 cells were pretreated with MEZM (1 μg/ml) and RA (0.1 μg/ml) for 4 h and exposed to MT (100 μM). Cell viability, oxidative stress biomarkers, ROS production, and cell death were examined after 24 h. The amount of RA was determined 73.48 mg/g dried extract. IC50 values of MEZM and MT were 368.56 μg/ml and 99.43 μM, respectively. Pretreatment with MEZM and RA decreased the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell percentage in the late apoptosis and necrosis stages induced by MT. There was no significant difference between MEZM and RA effects. The present study showed the significant protective effects of MEZM against toxicity induced by MT in hepatocytes which can be attributed to the plant antioxidant constituents including RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Najafi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Behzad Behnam
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Kashitarash Ifahani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohmoudreza Heidari
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Neda Mohamadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Oghabian Z, Ahmadi J, Pakravan S, Dabaghzadeh F, Heidari MR, Tajaddini S, Karami-Mohajeri S. Successful treatment of aluminium phosphide poisoning by dihydroxyacetone: A two-case report study. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 45:1194-1198. [PMID: 32526065 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Aluminium phosphide (AlP) is an agricultural fumigant which produces phosphine gas in the presence of moisture. Phosphine inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and causes cell death by inhibiting cytochrome C oxidase. Clinical manifestations of AlP poisoning are refractory hypotension, tachycardia, low oxygen saturation and severe metabolic acidosis. CASE SUMMARY Two cases received dihydroxyacetone (DHA) in addition to routine management of AlP poisoning. Administration of DHA (7 gr in 50 mL sodium bicarbonate, gavage) 2 times at a 1-hour interval improved the clinical signs. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This is the first case report to highlight the safe and successful treatment of AlP poisoning with DHA. However, more clinical studies are recommended to determine the precise mechanism of DHA action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohereh Oghabian
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology and Department of Clinical Toxicology, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jafar Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Pakravan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dabaghzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohmoud Reza Heidari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahrad Tajaddini
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Rashidipour N, Karami-Mohajeri S, Mandegary A, Mohammadinejad R, Wong A, Mohit M, Salehi J, Ashrafizadeh M, Najafi A, Abiri A. Where ferroptosis inhibitors and paraquat detoxification mechanisms intersect, exploring possible treatment strategies. Toxicology 2020; 433-434:152407. [PMID: 32061663 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a fast-acting and effective herbicide that is used throughout the world to eliminate weeds. Over the past years, PQ was considered one of the most popular poisoning substances for suicide, and PQ poisoning accounts for about one-third of suicides around the world. Poisoning with PQ may cause multiorgan failure, pulmonary fibrosis, and ultimately death. Exposure to PQ results in the accumulation of PQ in the lungs, causing severe damage and, eventually, fibrosis. Until now, no effective antidote has been found to treat poisoning with PQ. In general, the toxicity of PQ is due to the formation of high energy oxygen free radicals and the peroxidation of unsaturated lipids in the cell. Ferroptosis is the result of the loss of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity that transforms iron-dependent lipid hydroperoxides to lipid alcohols, which are inert in the biological environment. Impaired iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation are increasingly known as the driving agents of ferroptosis. The contribution of ferroptosis to the development of cell death during poisoning with PQ has not yet been addressed. There is growing evidence about the relationship between PQ poisoning and ferroptosis. This raises the possibility of using ferroptosis inhibitors for the treatment of PQ poisoning. In this hypothesis-driven review article, we elaborated how ferroptosis inhibitors might circumvent the toxicity induced by PQ and may be potentially useful for the treatment of PQ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Rashidipour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Anselm Wong
- Victorian Poisons Information Centre, Emergency Department and Austin Toxicology Unit, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Integrated Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Radiology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melika Mohit
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jafar Salehi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Najafi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ardavan Abiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Farsipour B, Faghihi-Zarandi A, Mozaffari A, Karami-Mohajeri S. Immune response and oxidative stress in workers of a copper concentration factory. IJWHM 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-05-2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe main occupational safety measure in factories is monitoring workers exposed to various types of contaminations. The main environmental concern of governments about copper industries is emission of dust, metals, metal compounds and volatile organic compounds in air. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the immune system status of workers in a copper concentration factory in Iran by placing the emphasis on oxidative stress biomarkers.Design/methodology/approachA comparative cross-sectional study was performed on 40 workers of the copper concentration factory and 40 unexposed individuals. White blood cell count, plasma interleukin 2 and 4, oxidative burst of neutrophils, oxidative damages of DNA and RNA, lipid and protein, total antioxidant capacity of plasma, and antioxidant enzymes activities were measured.FindingsA significant decrease in the white blood cell count and interleukin 2 and an increase in the interleukin 4 were observed in the workers and these changes represented the possibility of inflammation and weakening of the immune system. The elevation of oxidative damages, total antioxidant capacity and the activity of antioxidant enzymes are indicative of the change in oxidative stress status.Originality/valueThe oxidative stress induction and immune system changes might be useful biomarkers in screening and surveillance for occupational hazard. More studies are needed to find out the type and the concentration of pollutants and to evaluate the protective effects of natural antioxidants.
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16
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Shahvali S, Shahesmaeili A, Sanjari M, Karami-Mohajeri S. The correlation between blood oxidative stress and sialic acid content in diabetic patients with nephropathy, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Diabetol Int 2019; 11:19-26. [PMID: 31950000 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-019-00395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This clinical study was designed to find out the correlation between oxidative stress and sialic acid (SA) content of plasma and RBCs in patients with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated SA concentration and oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy subjects and diabetic patients with and without complications in a cross-sectional survey. Significant changes in oxidative stress biomarkers and RBC-SA were revealed in the diabetic patients compared to those in the healthy group. Plasma SA significantly increased with an increase in lipid peroxidation of RBCs (LPO-RBC) (P < 0.001) in the diabetic patients without complication. RBC-SA significantly decreased with an elevation in LPO-RBC (P < 0.001) in all the diabetic patients and those with nephropathy. There was no significant correlation between plasma and RBC-SA and other oxidative stress biomarkers in the diabetic subjects. In multiple logistic regression analysis, RBC-SA was independently related to LPO-RBC in all the diabetic patients and those with nephropathy. We conclude that the induction of LPO-RBC in diabetic patients and those with nephropathy may influence the SA decomposition of RBC membrane, thereby altering its functions and transporter activities. Therefore, LPO-RBC and SA levels in RBCs can be used for prediction of diabetic nephropathy, and further studies to evaluate other factors contributing to desialylation of RBC membrane are justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Shahvali
- 1Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,2Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft Bagh-e-Alavi Highway, 7616911319 Kerman, Iran
| | - Armita Shahesmaeili
- 3Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sanjari
- 1Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- 2Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft Bagh-e-Alavi Highway, 7616911319 Kerman, Iran
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17
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Shadnia S, Ebadollahi-Natanzi A, Ahmadzadeh S, Karami-Mohajeri S, Pourshojaei Y, Rahimi HR. Delayed death following paraquat poisoning: three case reports and a literature review. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:745-753. [PMID: 30310653 PMCID: PMC6116805 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) poisoning is principally reported in developing countries. However, most fatalities occur elsewhere due to the induction of multi-organ failure. PQ poisoning can hardly be managed by clinical practice, and no specific antidote has come into existence yet. Here three cases, including 17-, 20-, and 23-year-old men, who were poisoned with PQ, have been reported. Furthermore, the literature regarding biological mechanisms, clinical manifestation, and treatment of PQ-induced toxicity was reviewed. Patients who, either intentionally or accidentally, ingested PQ earlier were initially found to be stable at the emergency department (ED). Therefore, they were discharged from the hospital under a follow-up. However, after several days, the patients were referred to the hospital for the second time and despite cardiovascular resuscitation (CPR) efforts, they suddenly expired. The delayed death following exposure to PQ was reported for inducing gradual progressive pulmonary fibrosis, metabolic acidosis, neurotoxicity, renal failure, and liver injury in poisoned patients. Therefore, PQ-intoxicated patients should be supervised for up to several weeks, and kept in the hospital for a longer period of time. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings are beneficial markers that act as useful predictors of PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Shadnia
- Toxicology Research Center , Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology , Department of Clinical Toxicology , Loghman Hakim Hospital , School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Ebadollahi-Natanzi
- Medicinal Plants Department , Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center , Agricultural Research , Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) , Karaj , Iran
| | - Saeid Ahmadzadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center , Institute of Neuropharmacology , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran . ;
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Yaghoub Pourshojaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center , Institute of Neuropharmacology , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran . ;
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
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18
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Nematolahi P, Mehrabani M, Karami-Mohajeri S, Dabaghzadeh F. Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on memory performance, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in university students: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 30:24-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Karami-Mohajeri S, Ahmadipour A, Rahimi HR, Abdollahi M. Adverse effects of organophosphorus pesticides on the liver: a brief summary of four decades of research. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:261-275. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used volatile pesticides that have harmful effects on the liver in acute and chronic exposures. This review article summarises and discusses a wide collection of studies published over the last 40 years reporting on the effects of OPs on the liver, in an attempt to propose general mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and possible treatment. Several key biological processes have been reported as involved in OP-induced hepatotoxicity such as disturbances in the antioxidant defence system, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial and microsomal metabolism. Most studies show that antioxidants can attenuate oxidative stress and the consequent changes in liver function. However, few studies have examined the relationship between OP structures and the severity and mechanism of their action. We hope that future in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials will answer the remaining questions about the mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Tehran , Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadipour
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Tehran , Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman , Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology4, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran
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Abdollahi M, Baeeri M, Karami-Mohajeri S. Effects of Acute Malathion Exposure on Liver Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Enzymes in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.22506/ti/2015/v22/i2/137656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Ahmadipour A, Sharififar F, Najafi A, Atashbar J, Karami-Mohajeri S. Preventive effect of methanolic extract of Zataria Multiflora Boiss on liver toxicity of paracetamol in rats. J Med Life 2015; 8:270-274. [PMID: 28316743 PMCID: PMC5319277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The analgesic paracetamol causes a potentially fatal, centrilobular hepatic necrosis when taken in misuse and overdose. This research aimed to evaluate the protective effects of methanolic extract of Zataria Multiflora Boiss (Z. Multiflora) against hepatic damage induced by paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods: for this purpose, paracetamol was administrated orally at a dose of 2 g/ kg body weight (b.w.)/ day on the seventh day after the oral administration of a methanolic extract of Z. Multiflora at doses of 100 mg/ kg, 200 mg/ kg and 400 mg/ kg b.w. The lipid peroxidation level and activities of liver aminotransferases and enzymes contributing to the oxidative damage were measured in serum, and a histopathological examination of liver sections was also performed. Results and Discussion: The results showed that Z. Multiflora reduced the activity of aminotransferases in rats treated with paracetamol. This extract also inhibited lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation by an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme and the elevation of glutathione content of the liver. Conclusion: These effects are related to the antioxidant compounds of Z. Multiflora. The methanolic extract of this herb exhibits protective effects against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmadipour
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - F Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - A Najafi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - J Atashbar
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - S Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Ahmadipour A, Sharififar F, Nakhaipour F, Samanian M, Karami-Mohajeri S. Hepatoprotective effect of Zataria Multiflora Boisson cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in male rat. J Med Life 2015; 8:275-281. [PMID: 28316744 PMCID: PMC5319274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This research aimed to evaluate the protective effects of methanolic extract of Zataria Multiflora Boiss (Z. Multiflora) against hepatic damage induced by cisplatin in male Wistar rats. Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced in Wistar male rats by a single intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin, 7 g/ kg body weight. A methanolic extract of Z. Multiflora was administered orally at doses of 50 mg/ kg, 100 mg/ kg, 200 mg/ kg and 400 mg/ kg body weight daily for seven days after being cisplatin-induced. The study included the histopathological examination of the liver sections. The activity of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated as markers of liver damage. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), the activity of Catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) content in serum were measured as an oxidative stress factor. Results: The results showed that rat treated with cisplatin resulted in a significant increase in serum activity, AST, ALT and ALP in treated mice. Management with Z. Multiflora reduced the business of these enzymes to nearly normal levels. In parallel with these changes, this extract reduced cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, and restoring the antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) and elevation of the glutathione level. Conclusion: Biochemical and histological observations showed the hepatoprotective effect was found in a dose-dependent manner in Z. Multiflora methanolic extract. This protective effect can be attributed to the antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmadipour
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - F Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - F Nakhaipour
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Samanian
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Mostafalou S, Karami-Mohajeri S, Abdollahi M. Environmental and population studies concerning exposure to pesticides in iran: a comprehensive review. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013; 15:e13896. [PMID: 24693394 PMCID: PMC3955509 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in Iranian agriculture and this has made a major toxicological concern among health professionals. The objective of this study is to explore national data about pesticides toxicity. All relevant databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus in a time period of 1960 to 2012 were searched for the keywords “Pesticides, Iran, Environment, and Population studies”. A total of 57 studies were found relevant and then included into study. Almost all non-experimental studies carried out in Iran were classified into two main categories of residue assessment in different samples and toxic effects on human. Depending on the dose and duration of exposure, toxic effects of pesticides have been studied in two classifications including acute toxicity or acute poisoning and chronic toxicity. High extent of pesticides have been used during the past decade in Iran while no enough proper studies were done to explore their possible toxic effects in the environment and the people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Abdollahi, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran, Tel: +98-2164122319, Fax: +98-2166959104, E-mail:
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Karami-Mohajeri S, Hadian MR, Fouladdel S, Azizi E, Ghahramani MH, Hosseini R, Abdollahi M. Mechanisms of muscular electrophysiological and mitochondrial dysfunction following exposure to malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:251-63. [PMID: 23774768 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113493300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle dysfunction in acute organophosphorus (OP) poisoning is a cause of death in human. The present study was conducted to identify the mechanism of action of OP in terms of muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Electromyography (EMG) was conducted on rats exposed to the acute oral dose of malathion (400 mg/kg) that could inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity up to 70%. The function of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the rate of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from intact mitochondria were measured. The bioenergetic pathways were studied by measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactate, and glycogen. To identify mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of bax and bcl-2, protein expression of caspase-9, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and DNA damage were measured. The EMG confirmed muscle weakness. The reduction in activity of mitochondrial complexes and muscular glycogen with an elevation of lactate was in association with impairment of cellular respiration. The reduction in mitochondrial proapoptotic stimuli is indicative of autophagic process inducing cytoprotective effects in the early stage of stress. Downregulation of apoptotic signaling may be due to reduction in ATP and ROS, and genotoxic potential of malathion. The maintenance of mitochondrial integrity by means of artificial electron donors and increasing exogenous ATP might prevent toxicity of OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karami-Mohajeri
- 1Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Karami-Mohajeri S, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M. A systematic review on the nerve–muscle electrophysiology in human organophosphorus pesticide exposure. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:92-102. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113489047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a systematic review of the recent literature on the scientific support of electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in diagnosing the exposure and toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides (OP). Specifically, this review focused on changes in EMG, NCV, occurrence of intermediate syndrome (IMS), and OP-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDN) in human. All relevant bibliographic databases were searched for human studies using the key words “OP poisoning”, “electromyography”, “nerve conduction study,” and “muscles disorders”. IMS usually occurs after an acute cholinergic crisis, while OPIDN occurs after both acute and chronic exposures. Collection of these studies supports that IMS is a neuromuscular junction disorder and can be recorded upon the onset of respiratory failure. Due to heterogeneity of reports on outcomes of interest such as motor NCV and EMG amplitude in acute cases and inability to achieve precise estimation of effect in chronic cases meta-analysis was not helpful to this review. The OPIDN after both acute and low-level prolonged exposures develops peripheral neuropathy without preceding cholinergic toxicity and the progress of changes in EMG and NCV is parallel with the development of IMS and OPIDN. Persistent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is responsible for muscle weakness, but this is not the only factor involved in the incidence of this weakness in IMS or OPIDN suggestive of AChE assay not useful as an index of nerve and muscle impairment. Although several mechanisms for induction of this neurodegenerative disorder have been proposed as were reviewed for this article, among them oxidative stress and resulting apoptosis can be emphasized. Nevertheless, there is little synchronized evidence on subclinical electrophysiological findings that limit us to reach a strong conclusion on the diagnostic or prognostic use of EMG and NCV for acute and occupational exposures to OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - S Nikfar
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Organization, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Abdollahi M, Karami-Mohajeri S. A comprehensive review on experimental and clinical findings in intermediate syndrome caused by organophosphate poisoning. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 258:309-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Karami-Mohajeri S, Abdollahi M. Toxic influence of organophosphate, carbamate, and organochlorine pesticides on cellular metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates: a systematic review. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:1119-40. [PMID: 21071550 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110388959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides, including organophosphate (OP), organochlorine (OC), and carbamate (CB) compounds, are widely used in agricultural and indoor purposes. OP and CB act as acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that affect lots of organs such as peripheral and central nervous systems, muscles, liver, pancreas, and brain, whereas OC are neurotoxic involved in alteration of ion channels. There are several reports about metabolic disorders, hyperglycemia, and also oxidative stress in acute and chronic exposures to pesticides that are linked with diabetes and other metabolic disorders. In this respect, there are several in vitro and in vivo but few clinical studies about mechanism underlying these effects. Bibliographic databases were searched for the years 1963-2010 and resulted in 1652 articles. After elimination of duplicates or irrelevant papers, 204 papers were included and reviewed. Results indicated that OP and CB impair the enzymatic pathways involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein within cytoplasm, mitochondria, and proxisomes. It is believed that OP and CB show this effect through inhibition of AChE or affecting target organs directly. OC mostly affect lipid metabolism in the adipose tissues and change glucose pathway in other cells. As a shared mechanism, all OP, CB and OC induce cellular oxidative stress via affecting mitochondrial function and therefore disrupt neuronal and hormonal status of the body. Establishing proper epidemiological studies to explore exact relationships between exposure levels to these pesticides and rate of resulted metabolic disorders in human will be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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