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Camilo-Cotrim CF, Bailão EFLC, Ondei LS, Carneiro FM, Almeida LM. What can the Allium cepa test say about pesticide safety? A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48088-48104. [PMID: 35568785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of pesticides has caused global concerns about the toxic effects and adverse consequences of pesticides on humans and the environment. Among the ways to understand the impact of pesticides, the Allium cepa bioassay stands out. This test is suitable to evaluate different toxic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic outcomes. In this context, the present review aimed to summarize the history of using the A. cepa bioassay to investigate pesticide damages. Data on the experimental conditions were also discussed. The reviewed studies showed the toxicity profile of 113 active ingredients primarily tested in the laboratory, using water for exposure. The most used biomarkers were the mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, and nuclear abnormalities. All active ingredients caused some toxicity levels in A. cepa, showing the efficiency and sensibility of this bioindicator and the adverse effect of pesticides on humans and the environment. Furthermore, it was evident that pesticides have great potential to damage the mitotic spindle and DNA because almost all active ingredients tested induced chromosomal aberrations and nuclear abnormalities. The current review showed that the A. cepa bioassay is an effective and appropriate model to evaluate pesticide toxicity, and it might indicate research gaps and recommendations for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Filipe Camilo-Cotrim
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central - Sede Anápolis - Ciências Exatas e tecnológicas, 459, Br 153, nº 3.105, CEP: 75132-903, Anápolis-GO, Brasil.
| | - Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central - Sede Anápolis - Ciências Exatas e tecnológicas, 459, Br 153, nº 3.105, CEP: 75132-903, Anápolis-GO, Brasil
| | - Luciana Souza Ondei
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central - Sede Anápolis - Ciências Exatas e tecnológicas, 459, Br 153, nº 3.105, CEP: 75132-903, Anápolis-GO, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Melo Carneiro
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Goiânia - Laranjeiras, Rua Prof. Alfredo de Castro, 9175 - Parque das Laranjeiras, 74855-130, Goiânia - GO, Brasil
| | - Luciane Madureira Almeida
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central - Sede Anápolis - Ciências Exatas e tecnológicas, 459, Br 153, nº 3.105, CEP: 75132-903, Anápolis-GO, Brasil
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Dynamics of the Degradation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Herbicides in Vegetables. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020405. [PMID: 33673116 PMCID: PMC7918062 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionates and cyclohexanediones are herbicides most widely used in dicot crops worldwide. The main objective of the study was to determine the dynamics of herbicide residues in carrot, lettuce, cauliflower, and onion in order to suggest a low level of residues in harvested vegetables. (2) Methods: Small plot field trials were carried out in four vegetables in the Czech Republic. The samples of vegetables were collected continuously during the growing season. Multiresidue methods for the determination of herbicide residues by LC-MS/MS were used. Non-linear models of degradation of individual herbicides in vegetables were calculated using the exponential decay formula. Action GAP pre-harvest intervals for the 25% and 50% maximum residue limit (MRL) and 10 µg kg−1 limit (baby food) were established for all tested herbicides. (3) Results: The degradation dynamics of fluazifop in carrot, onion, and cauliflower was significantly slower compared to quizalofop and haloxyfop. The highest amount (2796 µg kg−1) of fluazifop residues was detected in cauliflower 11 days after application. No residue of propaquizafop and cycloxydim was detected in any vegetable samples. (4) Conclusions: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate herbicide (except propaquizafop) could contaminate vegetables easily, especially vegetables with a short growing season. Vegetables treated with fluazifop are not suitable for baby food. Lettuce and cauliflower treated by quizalofop are not suitable for baby food, but in onion and carrot, quizalofop could be used. Propaquizafop and cycloxydim are prospective herbicides for non-residual (baby food) vegetable production.
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Wang S, Hou Z, Liang S, Lu Z. Residue Behavior and Risk Assessment of Rimsulfuron and Quizalofop-P-ethyl in Potato Under Field Conditions. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:602-606. [PMID: 32978647 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A method for simultaneous quantitation of rimsulfuron, quizalofop-P-ethyl and quizalofop-P in potato plant, soil and potato tuber samples was established. The mean recoveries of rimsulfuron, quizalofop-P-ethyl and quizalofop-P in different matrices spiked with them were 81.4%-101.1%, 76.1%-99.0% and 77.4%-106.4% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.7%-13.3%, 0.9%-5.5%, 1.7%-11.3%, respectively. The open-field trials in China were conducted in potato cultivation system of Changchun and Jinan. The results indicated that the half-lives of rimsulfuron and quizalofop-P-ethyl were 0.04-13.1 days. The residues of quizalofop-P during the harvest time in Jinan soil were < 0.01-0.044 mg kg-1, while there was no residue of target herbicides detected in all other samples. The risk assessment results demonstrated that the risk quotients (RQs) of rimsulfuron and quizalofop-P-ethyl were 7.857 × 10-5 and 8.730 × 10-3, respectively, which exhibited an acceptable dietary risk to Chinese consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhiguang Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhongbin Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, PR China.
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Sharma N, Kaur P, Jain D, Bhullar MS. In-vitro evaluation of rice straw biochars' effect on bispyribac-sodium dissipation and microbial activity in soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110204. [PMID: 31954925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation of bispyribac-sodium was estimated in an unamended sandy loam soil and soil amended with rice straw and its biochars in pot culture experiment. Effect of herbicide and amendments on abundance and activity of soil microbial parameters was also assessed by determining soil biological parameters. Amendment type, application rate and soil moisture had differential influence on bispyribac-sodium dissipation and soil's microbial parameters. Amendment of soil with rice straw and its biochars enhanced the dissipation of bispyribac-sodium (DT50 = 7.55-18.44 days) as compared to unamended soil (DT50 = 23.13-28.60 days) and dissipation decreased in this order: rice straw >350BC > 550BC > CBC amended soil > unamended soil. Dissipation of bispyribac-sodium decreased with increase in amendment level of rice straw and its biochars in soil. Irrespective of amendment type and application rate, bispyribac sodium was more persistent under submerged conditions than at field capacity and its DT50 was 10.13 to 28.60 and 7.55-27.14 days, respectively. Dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase activity and bacterial population indicated that application of the organic amendment decreased negative effects of the herbicide on soil enzymatic activities. These findings prove that biostimulation using rice straw and its biochars has the potential to decrease the persistence of bispyribac-sodium and minimize its environmental hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pervinder Kaur
- Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Saha A, Bhaduri D, Pipariya A, Jain NK. Influence of imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl application on microbial biomass and enzymatic activity in peanut grown soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23758-23771. [PMID: 27623852 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to examine the degradation and impact of two post-emergence herbicides (imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl) on soil ecosystems at a half recommended rate (HRE), recommended rate (RE), and double recommended rate (DRE) during kharif peanut cultivation. Herbicides were innocuous to soil microbial activity at HRE, however, showed some significant influences at RE and DRE, and exerted temporary toxic effects on microbial biomass carbon and fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activity. Dehydrogenase activity also declined for a shorter period except imazethapyr application at DRE. Acid phosphatase activity was inhibited whereas alkaline phosphatase activity fluctuated between promotion and inhibition, but promotion was predominant suggesting a direct role of alkaline soil environment. Soil NH4+ and NO3- nitrogen were increased by the herbicides at initial (after 7 days) and last phases (after 30 days), respectively. After an early period of inhibition, urease activity returned to the control level after 30 days. Dissipation of imazethapyr residues fitted best to bi-exponential order rate kinetics at DRE and RE, whereas it followed first-order rate kinetics at HRE. The residues of quizalofop-p-ethyl were found only up to 1 day after application suggesting its rapid conversion to active acid metabolites. Both the herbicides had transient harmful effects on most of the soil microbiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Saha
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India.
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (DMAPR), Boriavi, Anand, Gujarat, 387 310, India.
| | - Debarati Bhaduri
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India
| | - Ashvin Pipariya
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India
| | - N K Jain
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India
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Makkar A, Kaur P, Kaur P, Kaur K. Comparison of extraction techniques for quantitative analysis of pendimethalin from soil and rice grain. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1238392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Makkar
- Herbicide Residue Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pervinder Kaur
- Herbicide Residue Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Paawan Kaur
- Herbicide Residue Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Kaur P, Kaur K, Bhullar MS. Quantification of penoxsulam in soil and rice samples by matrix solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction followed by HPLC-UV method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:7555-7563. [PMID: 25092135 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper exploits the development of novel, simple and sensitive methodology involving matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and the comparison of MSPD with liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for the evaluation of residual penoxsulam in soil and rice samples. Extracted samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detector at 230 nm. Both methods were optimized, considering different parameters, and under optimum conditions, the mean recoveries obtained were in the range of 85-104 % for MSPD and 78.8-90.7 % for LLE. Precision values expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) were ≤10 for MSPD and ≤15 for LLE. Linearity for penoxsulam was in the range of 0.01-20 μg mL(-1) with limits of detection and limits of quantification of 0.01 and 0.03 mg kg(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervinder Kaur
- Herbicide Residue Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India,
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Liang Y, Wang P, Liu D, Shen Z, Liu H, Jia Z, Zhou Z. Enantioselective metabolism of quizalofop-ethyl in rat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101052. [PMID: 24964043 PMCID: PMC4071037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic and distribution of the enantiomers of quizalofop-ethyl and its metabolite quizalofop-acid were studied in Sprague-Dawley male rats. The two pairs of enantiomers were determined using a validated chiral high-performance liquid chromatography method. Animals were administered quizalofop-ethyl at 10 mg kg(-1) orally and intravenously. It was found high concentration of quizalofop-acid in the blood and tissues by both intragastric and intravenous administration, and quizalofop-ethyl could not be detected through the whole study which indicated a quick metabolism of quizalofop-ethyl to quizalofop-acid in vivo. In almost all the samples, the concentrations of (+)-quizalofop-acid exceeded those of (-)-quizalofop-acid. Quizalofop-acid could still be detected in the samples even at 120 h except in brain due to the function of blood-brain barrier. Based on a rough calculation, about 8.77% and 2.16% of quizalofop-acid were excreted through urine and feces after intragastric administration. The oral bioavailability of (+)-quizalofop-acid and (-)-quizalofop-acid were 72.8% and 83.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhigang Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhixin Jia
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail:
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