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Su H, Zhang D, Antwi P, Xiao L, Deng X, Liu Z, Long B, Shi M, Manefield MJ, Ngo HH. Exploring potential impact(s) of cerium in mining wastewater on the performance of partial-nitrification process and nitrogen conversion microflora. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 209:111796. [PMID: 33341697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cerium Ce(III) is one of the major pollutants contained in wastewater generated during Ce(III) mining. However, the effect(s) of Ce(III) on the functional genera responsible for removing nitrogen biologically from wastewater has not been studied and reported. In this study, the effects of Ce(III) on aspects of partial-nitritation-(PN) process including ammonia oxidation rate (AOR), process kinetics, and microbial activities were investigated. It was found that the effect of dosing Ce(III) in the PN system correlated strongly with the AOR. Compared to the control, batch assays dosed with 5 mg/L Ce(III) showed elevated PN efficiency of about 121%, an indication that maximum biological response was feasible upon Ce(III) dose. It was also found that, PN performance was not adversely affected, given that Ce(III) dose was ≤20 mg/L. Process kinetics investigated also suggested that the maximum Ce(III) dose without any visible inhibition to the activities of ammonium oxidizing bacteria was 1.37 mg/L, but demonstrated otherwise when Ce(III) dose exceeded 5.63 mg/L. Compared to the control, microbes conducted efficient Ce(III) removal (averaged 98.66%) via biosorption using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Notably, significant deposits of Ce(III) was found within the EPS produced as revealed by SEM, EDX, CLSM and FTIR. 2-dimensional correlation infrared-(2DCOS-IR) revealed ester group (uronic acid) as a major organic functional group that promoted Ce(III) removal. Excitation-emission matrix-(EEM) spectrum and 2DCOS-IR suggested the dominance of Fulvic acid, hypothesized to have promoted the performance of the PN process under Ce(III) dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Dachao Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Philip Antwi
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; University of Southern Queensland, School of Civil and Electrical Engineering, Darling Heights, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Longwen Xiao
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zuwen Liu
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Bei Long
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Miao Shi
- Ganzhou Eco-Environmental Engineering Investment Company Limited, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Michael J Manefield
- University of New South Wales, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- University of Technology Sydney, Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Phan DC, Vazquez-Munoz R, Matta A, Kapoor V. Short-term effects of Mn 2O 3 nanoparticles on physiological activities and gene expression of nitrifying bacteria under low and high dissolved oxygen conditions. Chemosphere 2020; 261:127775. [PMID: 32738717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The short-term effects of Mn2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were examined for nitrifying bacterial enrichments exposed under low and high dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions using substrate (ammonia) specific oxygen uptake rates (sOUR), reverse transcriptase - quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays, and by analysis of 16S rRNA sequences. Samples from nitrifying bioreactor were exposed in batch vessels to Mn2O3 NPs (1, 5 and 10 mg/L) for either 1 or 3 h under no additional aeration or 0.25 L/min aeration. There was increase in nitrification inhibition as determined by sOUR with increasing dosages of Mn2O3 NPs for both low and high DO. At 10 mg/L Mn2O3 NPs, the inhibition was about 7-10% for 1 and 3 h exposure in both cases. There was notable reduction in the transcript levels of amoA, hao and nirK for 10 mg/L of Mn2O3 NPs under 3 h, high DO exposure, which corresponded well with sOUR. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that there was an inhibitory effect on ammonia oxidizers activity upon exposure to 10 mg/L of Mn2O3 NPs. Collectively, the findings in this study advanced understanding of the different effects of Mn2O3 NPs on nitrifying bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc C Phan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Roberto Vazquez-Munoz
- The South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Akanksha Matta
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Vikram Kapoor
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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Liu G, Yang Z, Du J, He A, Yang H, Xue G, Yu C, Zhang Y. Adding NBPT to urea increases N use efficiency of maize and decreases the abundance of N-cycling soil microbes under reduced fertilizer-N rate on the North China Plain. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240925. [PMID: 33112905 PMCID: PMC7592763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease inhibitor (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) can reduce N losses from agricultural soils but effects of inhibitors on N cycle are unclear. A field experiment was conducted with maize to test effects of UI (N-(n-Butyl) thiophosphoric, NBPT) and NI (3,4-dimethylepyrazolephosphate, DMPP) on N uptake and N-cycling soil microbes. Five treatments were imposed: no N fertilizer input (CK), conventional fertilization (CF) and 80% of urea input with NBPT (80%U+UI), with DMPP (80%U+NI) and with half NBPT and half DMPP (80%U+1/2(UI+NI)). There were no significant differences in biomass between 80%U+UI, 80%U+NI and CF but harvest index was increased under 80%U+UI and 80%U+NI. Compared to CF, N use efficiency of grain under 80%U+UI was increased by 7.1%, whereas grain yield and N uptake under 80%U+1/2(UI+NI) were decreased by 8.2% and 9.4%, respectively. The peak soil NO3‐‐N content was at about 15 days after fertilization (DAF) under CF but 30 DAF under the inhibitor treatments. In soils of 80%U+UI, the activities of urease and nitrate reductase were decreased between 15–45 DAF and between 5–30 DAF. The abundance of N-cycling soil microbes was affected: 80%U+UI and 80%U+NI reduced the copies of the amoA AOA and nir genes at about 15 days and reduced the copies of the amoA AOB gene at about 30 days. Correlation analysis indicated that there were significant positive relationships between amoA AOB gene and NH4+‐N, as well as between nirK gene and NO3‐‐N. Overall, urea applied with NBPT has greater potential for improving maize N use efficiency and inhibiting nitrification under reduced fertilizer-N applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Liu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanping Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Du
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ailing He
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangyuan Xue
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Congwen Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Research Center, Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Elrys AS, Raza S, Elnahal ASM, Na M, Ahmed M, Zhou J, Chen Z. Do soil property variations affect dicyandiamide efficiency in inhibiting nitrification and minimizing carbon dioxide emissions? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 202:110875. [PMID: 32580081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are used to retard the nitrification process and reduce nitrogen (N) losses. However, the effects of soil properties on NI efficacy are less clear. Moreover, the direct and indirect effects of soil property variations on NI efficiency in minimizing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have not been previously studied. An incubation experiment was conducted for 40 days with two treatments, N (200 mg N-urea kg-1) and N + dicyandiamide (DCD) (20 mg DCD kg-1), and a control group (without the N) to investigate the response of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) to DCD application and the consequences for CO2, nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from six soils from the Loess Plateau with different properties. The nitrification process completed within 6-18 days for the N treatment and within 30->40 days for the N + DCD treatment. AOB increased significantly with N fertilizer application, while this effect was inhibited in soils when DCD was applied. AOA was not sensitive to N fertilizer and DCD application. The nitrification rate was positively correlated with the clay (p < 0.05) and SOM contents (p < 0.01); DCD was more effective in loam soil with low SOM and high soil pH. Soil pH significantly was decreased with N fertilizer application, while it increased when DCD was applied. Moreover, DCD application decreased CO2 emissions from soils by 22%-172%; CO2 emissions were negatively correlated with the clay and SOM contents. DCD application decreased N2O emissions in each soil by 1.0- to 94-fold compared with those after N fertilizer application. In contrast, DCD application increased NH3 release from soils by 59-278%. NH3 volatilization was negatively correlated with clay (p < 0.05) and SOM (p < 0.01) contents and positively correlated with soil pH (p < 0.01). Therefore, soil texture, SOM and soil pH have significant effects on the DCD performance, nitrification process and gaseous emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sajjad Raza
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ahmed S M Elnahal
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Miao Na
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muneer Ahmed
- Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Jianbin Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhujun Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Li P, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Liu Y, Tuyiringire D, Chen Z, Liang S. Trichloroethylene inhibits nitrogen transformation and microbial community structure in Mollisol. Ecotoxicology 2020; 29:801-813. [PMID: 32445014 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is the most ubiquitous halogenated organic pollutant in the environment, it is one of the 129 priority control pollutants. In order to clarify the influence of TCE on microorganisms and nitrogen transformation in Mollisol is the core purpose of this study. Results showed that 10 mg kg-1 TCE is the concentration limit of ammonification in Mollisol. When the concentration of TCE reached 10 mg kg-1 and the effect lasted for over 7 days, the process of ammonia oxidation to nitric acid in Mollisol will be affected. TCE affected the process of nitrate (NO3-) transformation into nitrite (NO2-) by affecting the activity of nitrate reductase, thereby affected the denitrification process in soil. When the concentration of TCE is more than 10 mg kg-1 it reduced the ability of soil microorganisms to obtain nitrogen, thereby affecting soil nitrogen transformation. RDA (Redundancy analysis) showed that the activity of nitrate reductase and the number of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in soil was negatively correlated with the incubation of TCE. In addition, soil nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, peroxidase activity, ammonifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were negatively correlated with TCE concentration. Beyond that PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) of functional gene structure depend on KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) showed that 20 mg kg-1 TCE significantly inhibited the metabolism of energy and other substances in Mollisol. Based on the above, it is found that TCE significantly affected nitrification and denitrification in Mollisol, thus the nitrogen transformation in Mollisol was affected by TCE contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
- College of Geographical Science, Harbin Normal University, 150025, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China.
| | - Qingjuan Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Diogene Tuyiringire
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaobo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, 116600, Dalian, China
| | - Shichao Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
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Langbehn RK, Michels C, Soares HM. Tetracyclines lead to ammonium accumulation during nitrification process. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2020; 55:1021-1031. [PMID: 32406796 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1765642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of tetracyclines used for swine food-production (tetracycline and oxytetracycline) on enriched nitrifying bacteria cultures over time was investigated in this study. Short-term exposure assays were performed in different concentrations of each antibiotic, using ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) culture and nitrifying bacteria. The results pointed out a higher inhibitory effect of tetracycline on both bacterial communities. The AOB was more sensitive to antibiotic exposure when compared to the nitrifying culture. Although high antibiotic concentrations were applied, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was achieved only for the AOB culture exposed to tetracycline at a concentration of 273 mg L-1. Nonetheless, the long-term exposure assay demonstrated a reduction of the tetracycline inhibition effect against AOB. The exposure to 100 mg L-1 of tetracycline (TC) did not show relevant influence over ammonium conversion efficiency; however, at 128 mg L-1 of TC, the efficiency decreased from 94% to 72%. Further investigation revealed that TC reduced the final effluent quality due to the development of a resistance mechanism by AOB culture against this antibiotic. This mechanism involves increasing the excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), which probably increases BOD, and reduces ammonia consumption by the bacterial culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Kunert Langbehn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Camila Michels
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Hugo Moreira Soares
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Wang C, Liu S, Hou J, Wang P, Miao L, Li T. Effects of silver nanoparticles on coupled nitrification-denitrification in suspended sediments. J Hazard Mater 2020; 389:122130. [PMID: 31978824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of varying concentrations of Ag NPs on coupled nitrification and denitrification (CND) in two suspended sediments (SPSs) sizes were investigated using isotopic tracer method. In general, 0.5 and 5 mg/L Ag NPs had less effect on CND, while 2 and 10 mg/L Ag NPs exhibited the improvement and inhibition effect, respectively. The CND improvement by 2 mg/L NPs was mainly due to the enhanced nitrifying and denitrifying enzyme activity. However, 10 mg/L Ag NPs inhibited NH4+ oxidation by directly reducing the AMO activity and AOB abundance. The inhibition on NAR and NIR activity and their encoding narG and nirK gene abundance further inhibited NO3- and NO2- reduction, leading to a dramatic decrease in the 15N-N2 production. The above inhibition effects were attributed to the nano-effects of Ag NPs, which led to the excessive ROS amount and the decreased T-AOC level in microbial systems. But the connection between nitrification and denitrification was not broken after Ag NPs exposure. Moreover, the results indicated that N-cycling in clay and silt-type SPS systems could be more sensitive than sand-type SPS systems to NP exposure. The findings provide a basis for evaluating the environmental risks of Ag NPs in water-sediment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Songqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
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Li L, Li Z, Liu D, Song K. Evaluation of partial nitrification efficiency as a response to cadmium concentration and microplastic polyvinylchloride abundance during landfill leachate treatment. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125903. [PMID: 31958647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The partial nitrification efficiency response to the presence of cadmium (Cd2+) and microplastics was investigated. Microplastics polyvinylchloride (PVC) abundance was 0-10,000 particles/L, and Cd2+ concentration was 0-10 mg/L. Cd-only inhibited the NH4+-N oxidation rate 1.21, 1.23, and 1.18 times with concentrations at 1, 5, and 10 mg/L, respectively. PVC-only inhibited NH4+-N oxidation rate 1.01, 1.21 and 1.05 times with PVC abundance at 1000, 5000 and 10,000 particles/L, respectively. The ammonia oxidation rate was improved with the co-existence of PVC and Cd2+ at the conditions PVC1000 and PVC5000, which could be attributed to the PVC. PVC at 1000 particles/L could act as carrier and mitigate the negative effect of Cd2+ to the partial nitrification process. Moreover, the partial nitrification process was largely inhibited with PVC abundance at 10,000 particles/L. First-order kinetic models could simulate the NH4+-N, NO2-N, and NO3--N changes in the partial nitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhouyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Kang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Li G, Field JA, Zeng C, Madeira CL, Nguyen CH, Jog KV, Speed D, Sierra-Alvarez R. Diazole and triazole inhibition of nitrification process in return activated sludge. Chemosphere 2020; 241:124993. [PMID: 31600622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Azoles are emerging contaminants that are resistant to biodegradation during wastewater treatment. Their presence has been widely reported in wastewater effluents and receiving waters. In this work, the potential inhibition of nitrification process by six different azole compounds in wastewater treatment plants was investigated in batch bioassays. The azoles studied included three diazoles: pyrazole (Pz); 1-methylpyrazole (MePz); 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMePz); and three triazoles: 1,2,4-triazole (Tz); benzotriazole (BTz); and 5-methyl benzotriazole (MeBTz). The concentration of azoles causing 50% inhibition (IC50) increased (azoles became less inhibitory) in the following order (mg L-1): BTz (1.99) < MeBTz (2.18) < Pz (2.69) < Tz (3.53) < DMePz (17.3) < MePz (49.6). No clear structure-inhibitory relationships were found using Log P and pKa as structural properties. The toxicity of any given azole may be related to the role of substituent groups on disabling/enabling binding to the active sites of metallo-enzymes in nitrifying microorganisms. This is exemplified by the low toxicity of MePz, which has a cyclic N blocked by a methyl group. The observed inhibition caused to nitrifying bacteria is more severe than their cytotoxicity to other target organisms (e.g., methanogens and heterotrophic bacteria), suggesting a specific inhibition to the copper-containing enzyme, ammonium monooxygenase, in ammonia oxidizing nitrifying microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - James A Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Camila Leite Madeira
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Chi Huynh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kalyani Vikas Jog
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Wang Y, Hu Z, Shang D, Xue Y, Islam ARMT, Chen S. Effects of warming and elevated O 3 concentrations on N 2O emission and soil nitrification and denitrification rates in a wheat-soybean rotation cropland. Environ Pollut 2020; 257:113556. [PMID: 31796311 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of warming and elevated ozone (O3) concentrations on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from cropland has received increasing attention; however, the small number of studies on this topic impedes understanding. A field experiment was performed to explore the role of warming and elevated O3 concentrations on N2O emission from wheat-soybean rotation cropland from 2012 to 2013 using open-top chambers (OTCs). Experimental treatments included ambient temperature (control), elevated temperature (+2 °C), elevated O3 (100 ppb), and combined elevated temperature (+2 °C) and O3 (100 ppb). Results demonstrate that warming significantly increased the accumulative amount of N2O (AAN) emitted from the soil-winter wheat system due to enhanced nitrification rates in the wheat farmland and nitrate reductase activity in wheat leaves. However, elevated O3 concentrations significantly decreased AAN emission from the soil-soybean system owing to reduced nitrification rates in the soybean farmland. The combined treatment of warming and elevated O3 inhibited the emission of N2O from the soybean farmland. Additionally, both the warming and combined treatments significantly increased soil nitrification rates in winter wheat and soybean croplands and decreased denitrification rates in the winter wheat cropping system. Our results suggest that global warming and elevated O3 concentrations will strongly affect N2O emission from wheat-soybean rotation croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Dongyao Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - A R M Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Disaster Management E-Learning Centre, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Shutao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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11
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Zhang X, Han H, Zheng X, Yu T, Chen Y. Tetracycline-induced effects on the nitrogen transformations in sediments: Roles of adsorption behavior and bacterial activity. Sci Total Environ 2019; 695:133811. [PMID: 31419687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification and denitrification are the most important nitrogen transformation processes in the environment. Recently, due to widespread use, antibiotics have been reported to lead to environmental risks. Tetracycline (TC) is one of the most extensively used antibiotics in many areas. However, its reported effects on nitrogen transformations were conflicting in previous studies. In this study, the effects of TC on nitrogen transformations in sediment were investigated by analyzing TC transport and bacterial activity. It was found that the adsorption of TC onto the sediment was favorable and spontaneous, with adsorption capacity 54.3 mg/kg. The adsorption kinetics of TC onto the sediment and the isotherm fitted the Elvoich and Freundlich models, respectively, indicating that the adsorption was a chemisorption process, including electrostatic interactions and chemical bonding between TC and the sediment. TC showed no effect on nitrification in the sediment, but significantly inhibited the reduction of nitrate and nitrite during denitrification, consistent with observations made for the model denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans under TC stress. Mechanistic study indicated that TC at 130 μg/g-cell inhibited 50.7% of P. denitrificans growth and 61.6% of cell viability. Meanwhile, the catalytic activities of the key denitrifying enzymes, nitrate reductase (NAR) and nitrite reductase (NIR), decreased to 29.1% and 68.0% of the control levels when the TC concentration was 130 μg/g-cell, suggesting that NAR was more sensitive to the TC than NIR, which contributed to a delay in nitrite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haonan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Tong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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12
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Broman E, Motwani NH, Bonaglia S, Landberg T, Nascimento FJA, Sjöling S. Denitrification responses to increasing cadmium exposure in Baltic Sea sediments. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 217:105328. [PMID: 31629202 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benthic ecosystems have come under intense pressure, due to eutrophication-driven oxygen decline and industrial metal contamination. One of the most toxic metals is Cadmium (Cd), which is lethal to many aquatic organisms already at low concentrations. Denitrification by facultative anaerobic microorganisms is an essential process to transform, but also to remove, excess nitrate in eutrophied systems. Cd has been shown to decrease denitrification and sequester free sulfide, which is available when oxygen is scarce and generally inhibits complete denitrification (i.e. N2O to N2). In polluted sediments, an interaction between oxygen and Cd may influence denitrification and this relationship has not been studied. For example, in the Baltic Sea some sediments are double exposed to both Cd and hypoxia. In this study, we examined how the double exposure of Cd and fluctuations in oxygen affects denitrification in Baltic Sea sediment. Results show that oxygen largely regulated N2O and N2 production after 21 days of exposure to Cd (ranging from 0 to 500 μg/L, 5 different treatments, measured by the isotope pairing technique (IPT)). In the high Cd treatment (500 μg/L) the variation in N2 production increased compared to the other treatments. Increases in N2 production are suggested to be an effect of 1) enhanced nitrification that increases NO3- availability thus stimulating denitrification, and 2) Cd successfully sequestrating sulfide (yielding CdS), which allows for full denitrification to N2. The in situ field sediment contained initially high Cd concentrations in the pore water (∼10 μg/L) and microbial communities might already have been adapted to metal stress, making the effect of low Cd levels negligible. Here we show that high levels of cadmium pollution might increase N2 production and influence nitrogen cycling in marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Broman
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden.
| | - Nisha H Motwani
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, 141 89, Sweden
| | - Stefano Bonaglia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Tommy Landberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Francisco J A Nascimento
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Sara Sjöling
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, 141 89, Sweden
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13
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Zhang X, Zhang N, Chen Z, Ma Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Jia J. Long-term impact of sulfate on an autotrophic nitrogen removal system integrated partial nitrification, anammox and endogenous denitrification (PAED). Chemosphere 2019; 235:336-343. [PMID: 31265979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A nitrogen removal system integrating partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) and endogenous denitrification (PAED) was established in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for treating low nitrogen sewage (approximately 40 mg L-1 ammonia-nitrogen). The impact of sulfate on PAED sludge was investigated in five identical SBRs, fed with different levels of sulfate (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1). Ammonia oxidation was improved by the addition of Results showed that the sulfate addition in low concentration of sulfate (≤50 mg L-1), but was profoundly suppressed by higher levels of sulfate. Sulfate feeding enhanced both total nitrogen removal by Anammox and endogenous denitrification, with the abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia increasing to 4.39% in 400 mg L-1 sulfate from 0.83% in the control reactor, and Denitratisoma increasing to 6.35% from 2.77%. The results proved the feasibility of the PAED system in treating low nitrogen sewage with sulfate, which also enhanced the nitrogen-sulfate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongpeng Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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14
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Ding H, Zheng X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yu J, Chen D. Influence of chlorothalonil and carbendazim fungicides on the transformation processes of urea nitrogen and related microbial populations in soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:31133-31141. [PMID: 31463752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To improve crop yielding, a large amount of fungicides is continuously applied during the agricultural management, while the effects of fungicides residues on microbial processing of N in soil need further study. In the present study, two broad spectrum fungicides, chlorothalonil and carbendazim, were applied at the rates of 5, 10, and 50 mg of active ingredient (A.I.) per kg of dry soil combined with urea with 200 mg of N per kg of dry soil under laboratory conditions. The results showed that chlorothalonil obviously retarded the hydrolysis of urea, whereas carbendazim accelerated it in 4 days after the treatments (P < 0.05). Chlorothalonil reduced denitrification, nitrification, and N2O production (P < 0.05), but not for carbendazim. Further analysis on N-associated microbial communities showed chlorothalonil reduced nitrosomonas populations at the rates of 10 and 50 mg of A.I. per kg and autotrophic nitrifying bacterial populations at three application rates (P < 0.05), but Carbendazim decreased nitrosomonas populations only at the rate of 50 mg of A.I. per kg and also autotrophic nitrifying bacterial populations at three rates and heterotrophic nitrifying bacterial populations at the rates of 10 and 50 mg of A.I. per kg. The reasons for this difference were ascribed to arrest urea hydrolysis and impediment of denitrification and nitrification processes by chlorothalonil. In conclusion, to improve crop yielding, chlorothalonil might be more beneficial to conserve soil N by improving soil N fertility, compared with carbendazim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.
| | - Xiangzhou Zheng
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Juhua Yu
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Deli Chen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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15
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Cimbritz M, Edefell E, Thörnqvist E, El-Taliawy H, Ekenberg M, Burzio C, Modin O, Persson F, Wilén BM, Bester K, Falås P. PAC dosing to an MBBR - Effects on adsorption of micropollutants, nitrification and microbial community. Sci Total Environ 2019; 677:571-579. [PMID: 31067478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two nitrifying MBBR reactors were operated in parallel, one with PAC dosing and one without, to determine the effects of PAC dosing on nitrification and micropollutant adsorption in municipal wastewater. The removal of micropollutants was evaluated for several doses of PAC and batch experiments were performed to measure adsorption kinetics and nitrification rates. The influence of PAC on the nitrifying microbial community was examined by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Long-term operation of the pilot reactors showed that nitrification could be maintained while supplying PAC at increasing doses, as confirmed by high nitrification rates and significant abundance of nitrifying bacteria. The adsorption of organic micropollutants could be controlled by the PAC dose, and increased dosing resulted in corresponding improvements in removal efficiency. Biomass, suspended or attached to carriers, did not interfere with the adsorption of organic micropollutants. Freundlich isotherms obtained from the batch experiments were used to predict removal of organic micropollutants in the pilot reactors, suggesting that batch adsorption experiments can be used to predict micropollutant removal on a full scale. Collectively, the results show that nitrification and adsorption of organic micropollutants can be performed simultaneously in an MBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cimbritz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ellen Edefell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, 223 70 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elias Thörnqvist
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Haitam El-Taliawy
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Maria Ekenberg
- Veolia Water Technologies AB - AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Burzio
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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16
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Liu X, Chowdhury MMI, Zaman M, Kim M, Nakhla G. Acute and chronic toxicity of nickel to nitrifiers at different temperatures. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 82:169-178. [PMID: 31133262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute nickel toxicity on nitrification of low ammonia synthetic wastewater at 10, 23, and 35°C. The nickel inhibition half-velocity constants (KI,Ni) for ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) based on Ni/MLSS ratio at 10, 23, and 35°C were 5.4 and 5.6 mg Ni/g MLSS, 4.6 and 3.5 mg Ni/g MLSS, and 9.1 and 2.7 mg Ni/g MLSS, respectively. In addition, chronic toxicity of nickel to nitrification of low ammonia synthetic wastewater was investigated at 10°C in two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Long-term SBRs operation and short-term batch tests were comparable with respect to the extent of inhibition and corresponding Ni/MLSS ratio. The μmax, b, and Ko of AOB were 0.16 day-1, 0.098 day-1 and 2.08 mg O2/L after long-term acclimatization to nickel of 1 mg/L at 10°C, high dissolved oxygen (DO) (7 mg/L) and long solids retention time (SRT) of 63-70 days. Acute nickel toxicity of nitrifying bacteria was completely reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Mohammad M I Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Masuduz Zaman
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Mingu Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - George Nakhla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
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17
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Kits KD, Jung MY, Vierheilig J, Pjevac P, Sedlacek CJ, Liu S, Herbold C, Stein LY, Richter A, Wissel H, Brüggemann N, Wagner M, Daims H. Low yield and abiotic origin of N 2O formed by the complete nitrifier Nitrospira inopinata. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1836. [PMID: 31015413 PMCID: PMC6478695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) are atmospheric trace gases that contribute to climate change and affect stratospheric and ground-level ozone concentrations. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) are key players in the nitrogen cycle and major producers of N2O and NO globally. However, nothing is known about N2O and NO production by the recently discovered and widely distributed complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox). Here, we show that the comammox bacterium Nitrospira inopinata is sensitive to inhibition by an NO scavenger, cannot denitrify to N2O, and emits N2O at levels that are comparable to AOA but much lower than AOB. Furthermore, we demonstrate that N2O formed by N. inopinata formed under varying oxygen regimes originates from abiotic conversion of hydroxylamine. Our findings indicate that comammox microbes may produce less N2O during nitrification than AOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dimitri Kits
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Man-Young Jung
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Vierheilig
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Division of Water Quality and Health, Krems, 3500, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Petra Pjevac
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher J Sedlacek
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shurong Liu
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Craig Herbold
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Y Stein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Andreas Richter
- The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger Wissel
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Holger Daims
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Rodrigues JM, Lasa B, Betti M, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, González-Murua C, Aparicio-Tejo PM, Marino D. Multi-omic and physiologic approach to understand Lotus japonicus response upon exposure to 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate nitrification inhibitor. Sci Total Environ 2019; 660:1201-1209. [PMID: 30743915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization is a major force in global greenhouse gases emissions and causes environmental contamination through nitrate leaching. The use of nitrification inhibitors has been proven successful to mitigate these effects. However, there is an increasing concern about the undesired effects that their potential persistence in the soil or accumulation in plants may provoke. In this study, we first exposed Lotus japonicus plants to high amounts of 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 2-(N-3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) nitrification inhibitors. Exposure to doses higher than 1 mg·L-1 provoked DMPP accumulation mostly in the aerial part, while DMPSA was only detected from 10 mg·L-1 and nearly no translocation. To evaluate the effect that DMPP accumulation in leaves may provoke on plant performance we combined a transcriptome, proteome, and physiological analysis in plants treated with 10 mg/ L of DMPP. This treatment provoked changes in the expression of 229 genes and 59 proteins. Overall, we evidence that when DMPP accumulates in leaves it induces stress responses, notably provoking changes in cell redox balance, hormone signaling, protein synthesis and turnover and carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina M Rodrigues
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Berta Lasa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Marco Betti
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Proteored-ISCIII, Instituto de investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Proteored-ISCIII, Instituto de investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Pedro M Aparicio-Tejo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, Bilbao, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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19
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Cassman NA, Soares JR, Pijl A, Lourenço KS, van Veen JA, Cantarella H, Kuramae EE. Nitrification inhibitors effectively target N 2 O-producing Nitrosospira spp. in tropical soil. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1241-1254. [PMID: 30735001 PMCID: PMC6850170 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The nitrification inhibitors (NIs) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole (DMPP) and dicyandiamide (DCD) can effectively reduce N2 O emissions; however, which species are targeted and the effect of these NIs on the microbial nitrifier community is still unclear. Here, we identified the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) species linked to N2 O emissions and evaluated the effects of urea and urea with DCD and DMPP on the nitrifying community in a 258 day field experiment under sugarcane. Using an amoA AOB amplicon sequencing approach and mining a previous dataset of 16S rRNA sequences, we characterized the most likely N2 O-producing AOB as a Nitrosospira spp. and identified Nitrosospira (AOB), Nitrososphaera (archaeal ammonia oxidizer) and Nitrospira (nitrite-oxidizer) as the most abundant, present nitrifiers. The fertilizer treatments had no effect on the alpha and beta diversities of the AOB communities. Interestingly, we found three clusters of co-varying variables with nitrifier operational taxonomic units (OTUs): the N2 O-producing AOB Nitrosospira with N2 O, NO3 - , NH4 + , water-filled pore space (WFPS) and pH; AOA Nitrososphaera with NO3 - , NH4 + and pH; and AOA Nitrososphaera and NOB Nitrospira with NH4 + , which suggests different drivers. These results support the co-occurrence of non-N2 O-producing Nitrososphaera and Nitrospira in the unfertilized soils and the promotion of N2 O-producing Nitrosospira under urea fertilization. Further, we suggest that DMPP is a more effective NI than DCD in tropical soil under sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko A. Cassman
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
| | - Johnny R. Soares
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
- Soil Sciences and Fertility, Soil and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of CampinasP.O. Box 28, 13012‐970, CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Agata Pijl
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
| | - Késia S. Lourenço
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
- Soil Sciences and Fertility, Soil and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of CampinasP.O. Box 28, 13012‐970, CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Johannes A. van Veen
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
| | - Heitor Cantarella
- Soil Sciences and Fertility, Soil and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of CampinasP.O. Box 28, 13012‐970, CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Eiko E. Kuramae
- Department of Microbial EcologyNetherlands Institute for Ecology NIOO‐KNAWWageningenNetherlands
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20
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Li J, Zhang Q, Li X, Peng Y. Rapid start-up and stable maintenance of domestic wastewater nitritation through short-term hydroxylamine addition. Bioresour Technol 2019; 278:468-472. [PMID: 30709764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the nitritation of domestic wastewater through the short-term addition of hydroxylamine (NH2OH). Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used and the NH2OH solution with an initial concentration of 5.0 mg/L was injected at each cycle. With NH2OH addition, the nitritation was quickly established in 5 d with nitrite accumulation ratio above 95%. Further, stable nitritation could be maintained without NH2OH addition in the following 53 days, even under unfavorable conditions (DO = 3 mg/L). According to qPCR results, NH2OH significantly reduced and continuously suppressed nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), while the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria was stable, induced the start-up and maintenance of nitritation. Among NOB, NH2OH significantly suppressed Nitrospira, while did not affect Nitrobactor. Nitrobactor gradually increased during the operation, which could induce the final deterioration of nitritation. Overall, this research provided the fundamental knowledge required to optimize the NH2OH addition strategy for operating a stable nitritation in domestic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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21
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Levett I, Pratt S, Donose BC, Brackin R, Pratt C, Redding M, Laycock B. Understanding the Mobilization of a Nitrification Inhibitor from Novel Slow Release Pellets, Fabricated through Extrusion Processing with PHBV Biopolymer. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:2449-2458. [PMID: 30724561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dicyandiamide (DCD) has been studied as a stabilizer for nitrogen fertilizers for over 50 years. Its efficacy is limited at elevated temperatures, but this could be addressed by encapsulation to delay exposure. Here, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was investigated as a biodegradable matrix for the encapsulation of DCD. Cylindrical ∼3 mm × 3 mm pellets were fabricated through extrusion processing with 23 wt % DCD. Release kinetics were monitored in water, sand, and both active and γ-irradiated agricultural clay loam soils. Raman maps showed a wide particle size distribution of DCD crystals and indicated that Hitachi's classic moving front theory did not hold for this formulation. The inhibitor release kinetics were mediated by four distinct mechanisms: (i) initial rapid dissolution of surface DCD, (ii) channeling of water through voids and pores in the PHBV matrix, (iii) gradual diffusion of water and DCD through layers of PHBV, and (iv) biodegradation of the PHBV matrix. After ∼6 months, 45-100% release occurred, depending on the release media. PHBV is shown to be an effective, biodegradable matrix for the long-term slow release of nitrification inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Levett
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , St. Lucia , QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Steven Pratt
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , St. Lucia , QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Bogdan C Donose
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , St. Lucia , QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Richard Brackin
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences , University of Queensland , St. Lucia , QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Chris Pratt
- School of Environment and Science , Griffith University , Nathan , QLD 4111 , Australia
| | - Matthew Redding
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF) , AgriScience Queensland , Wilsonton Heights , QLD 4350 , Australia
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , St. Lucia , QLD 4072 Australia
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22
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Xia H, Wu Y, Chen X, Huang K, Chen J. Effects of antibiotic residuals in dewatered sludge on the behavior of ammonia oxidizers during vermicomposting maturation process. Chemosphere 2019; 218:810-817. [PMID: 30508799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics existed in dewatered sludge may affect the organic decomposition and nitrification efficiency of vermicomposting process, and thus lowering the agricultural value of sludge vermicompost. However, few studies have focused on the effects of antibiotics during vermicomposting process of sludge, notably for the maturated phage. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of antibiotics on the nitrification rate and the features of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) during vermicomposting maturated phage of sludge. The treatments including the additions of tetracycline and ofloxacin with high and low concentrations were compared with the control without adding antibiotics. The results showed the antibiotics enhanced the nitrification rate of 15.8%-42% in vermicomposting maturated phage compared with the counterpart, with a better stimulating effect in the low concentration of tetracycline. The population of amoA genes increased in antibiotic treatments with low concentrations but decreased in these with high concentrations. In addition, high through-put sequencing results revealed that the tetracycline had a stronger influence on the α and β diversities of AOA and AOB, relative to the ofloxacin. In contrast to the AOB, the AOA played a more important role in ammonia oxidization, in the presence of antibiotics. This study suggests that the antibiotics of dewatered sludge can strongly affect the ammonia oxidization process through modifying the numbers and community structures of AOA and AOB during vermicomposting and these effects are associated with the types and concentrations of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Anning West Road No. 88, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Anning West Road No. 88, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Anning West Road No. 88, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Kui Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Anning West Road No. 88, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Jingyang Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Anning West Road No. 88, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Liu Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Peng L, Wang D, Ni B. The roles of free ammonia (FA) in biological wastewater treatment processes: A review. Environ Int 2019; 123:10-19. [PMID: 30481673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Free ammonia (FA) can pose inhibitory and/or biocidal effects on a variety of microorganisms involved in different biological wastewater treatment process, which is widely presented in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to the high levels of ammonium in the systems. This review article gives the up-to-date status on several essential roles of FA in biological wastewater treatment processes: the impacts of FA, mechanisms of FA roles, modeling of FA impacts, and implications of FA for wastewater treatment. Specifically, the impacts of FA on both wastewater and sludge treatment lines were firstly summarized, including nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox), enhanced biological phosphorus removal and anaerobic processes. The involved mechanisms were then analyzed, which indicated FA inhibition can slow specific microbial activities or even reconfigure the microbial community structure, likely due to negative impacts of FA on intracellular pH, specific enzymes and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), thus causing cell inactivation/lysis. Mathematical models describing the impact of FA on both wastewater and sludge treatment processes were also explored to facilitate process optimization. Finally, the key implications of FA were identified, that is FA can be leveraged to substantially enhance the biodegradability of secondary sludge, which would further improve biological nutrient removal and enhance renewable energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Lai Peng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Bingjie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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24
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Deng BL, Wang SL, Xu XT, Wang H, Hu DN, Guo XM, Shi QH, Siemann E, Zhang L. Effects of biochar and dicyandiamide combination on nitrous oxide emissions from Camellia oleifera field soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:4070-4077. [PMID: 30554317 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils contribute substantially to global atmospheric composition. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one important greenhouse gas induces global warming. Nitrification inhibitors (NI) or biochar can be effective soil N2O emission mitigation strategies for agricultural soils. However, due to differences in crop physiological traits or agricultural management, the effectiveness of mitigation strategies varies among agricultural systems. Camellia oleifera is a woody oil plant widely grown and requires intensive N input, which will potentially increase N2O emissions. Thereby, mitigation of N2O emissions from C. oleifera field soil is vital for sustainable C. oleifera development. Besides NI, incorporation of C. oleifera fruit shell-derived biochar into its soil will benefit waste management and simultaneous mitigation of N2O emissions but this has not been investigated. Here, we conducted two studies to examine effects of biochar addition and NI (dicyandiamide, DCD) application on N2O emissions from C. oleifera field soil with different N (urea or NH4NO3) and incubation temperatures. Biochar effects on nitrification rates varied among N treatments. Biochar applied in combination with DCD further reduced nitrification rates (for urea treatment, decreased from 1.1 to 0.3 mg kg-1 day-1). Biochar addition consistently increased soil N2O emissions (for urea treatment, increased from 0.03 to 0.08 ng g-1 h-1) and their temperature sensitivity. DCD application reduced soil N2O emissions with greater reductions with urea application. In future cultivation of intensively managed C. oleifera gardens, NI should be applied to mitigate N2O emissions if biochar is added, especially when urea is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Liang Deng
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xin-Tong Xu
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Dong-Nan Hu
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiao-Min Guo
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qing-Hua Shi
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, 77005, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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25
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Recio J, Alvarez JM, Rodriguez-Quijano M, Vallejo A. Nitrification inhibitor DMPSA mitigated N2O emission and promoted NO sink in rainfed wheat. Environ Pollut 2019; 245:199-207. [PMID: 30423534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fertilized cropping systems are important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) to the atmosphere, and biotic and abiotic processes control the production and consumption of these gases in the soil. In fact, the inhibition of nitrification after application of urea or an ammonium-based fertilizer to agricultural soils has resulted in an efficient strategy to mitigate both N2O and NO in aerated agricultural soils. Therefore, the NO and N2O mitigation capacity of a novel nitrification inhibitor (NI), 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA), has been studied in a winter wheat crop. A high temporal resolution of fluxes of NO and NO2, obtained by using automatic chambers for urea (U) and urea with DMPSA, allowed a better understanding of the temporal net emissions of these gases under field conditions. Seventy-five days after fertilization, the effective reduction of nitrification by DMPSA significantly decreased the production of NO with respect to the treatment without it, giving net consumption of NO in the soil (-61.72 g-N ha-1) for U + DMPSA in comparison to net production (227.44 g-N ha-1) for U. The explanation of NO deposition after NI application, due to biotic and abiotic processes in the soil-plant system, supposes a challenge that needs to be studied in the future. In the case of N2O, the addition of DMPSA significantly mitigated the emissions of this gas by 71%, though the total N2O emissions in both fertilized treatments were significantly greater than those of the control (43.69 g-N ha-1). Regarding the fertilized treatments, no significant effect of DMPSA in comparison to urea alone was observed on grain yield nor bread-making wheat quality. To sum up, we got a significant reduction of N2O and NO with the addition of DMPSA, without a loss in yield and quality parameters in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Recio
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Research Center for the Management of Environmental and Agricultural Risks (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Jose M Alvarez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Research Center for the Management of Environmental and Agricultural Risks (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Marta Rodriguez-Quijano
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Vallejo
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Research Center for the Management of Environmental and Agricultural Risks (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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26
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Wen X, Hu C, Sun X, Zhao X, Tan Q. Research on the nitrogen transformation in rhizosphere of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) under molybdenum addition. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:2363-2374. [PMID: 30467748 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo), an essential microelement for plants, animals, and microorganisms, is reported can reduce soil nitrogen (N) residues and regulate plant root growth, but little is known about its effect on soil N transformation in plant-root region. A specially designed rhizobox was used in the present study to investigate the N processes in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of winter wheat applied with different rates of Mo fertilizer. (1) In the rhizosphere soil, pH values increased with increasing rates of Mo application, nitrate (NO3--N) accumulated at the rates of 0.15 and 0.3 mg Mo kg-1, potential denitrification activity (PDA) was significantly reduced by application of 0.15-1 mg Mo kg-1, and the copy numbers of narG and nosZ genes were increased by application of 0.15-1 mg Mo kg-1. (2) In the non-rhizosphere soil, NO3--N content decreased by application of 0.15-0.3 mg Mo kg-1, and narG gene abundance increased obviously by application of 0.3-1 mg Mo kg-1. (3) Soil pH, NO3--N, apparent nitrification rate (ANR), and nosZ gene abundance were significantly higher in rhizosphere than in non-rhizosphere soil. On the contrary, NH4+-N and total N, PDA, the abundance of AOB, and nirK and nirS genes were significantly higher in non-rhizosphere soil. The results indicated that the N transformations in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were differently affected by soil application of Mo fertilizer, and rhizosphere played a more important role in soil N cycle processes. The regulatory effects of Mo on these processes were to increase plant biomass and N uptake, promote the NO3--N accumulation in rhizosphere soil, and weaken the denitrification in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Department of Resource and Environment/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), MOE, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- Department of Resource and Environment/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), MOE, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Department of Resource and Environment/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Department of Resource and Environment/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiling Tan
- Department of Resource and Environment/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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27
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Oka M, Uchida Y. Heavy metals in slag affect inorganic N dynamics and soil bacterial community structure and function. Environ Pollut 2018; 243:713-722. [PMID: 30228069 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of soil in the vicinity of mining sites is a serious environmental problem around the world when mining residue (slag) is dispersed as dust. We conducted an incubation experiment to investigate the effect of a slag containing high levels of Pb and Zn (62.2 and 33.6 g kg-1 slag as PbO and ZnO, respectively, sampled from a site formerly used as a lead and zinc mine) on the nitrogen cycle when mixed with soil (0-0.048 g slag g-1 soil). The nitrogen cycle provides many life supporting-functions. To assess the quality of the soil in terms of the nitrogen cycle we focused on the dynamics of nitrate and ammonium, and bacterial community structure and functions within the soil. After two weeks of pre-incubation, 15N-labeled urea (500 mg N kg-1) was added to the soil. Changes in soil pH, the concentration and 15N ratio of nitrate (NO3--N) and ammonium, and bacterial relative abundance and community structure were measured. Results indicated that increasing the ratio of slag to soil had a stronger negative effect on nitrification than ammonification, as suggested by slower nitrate accumulation rates as the slag:soil ratio increased. In the treatment with the highest amount of slag, the concentration of NO3--N was 50% of that in the controls at the end of the incubation. Regarding the bacterial community, Firmicutes had a positive and Planctomycetes a negative correlation with increasing slag concentration. Bacterial community functional analysis showed the proportion of bacterial DNA sequences related to nitrogen metabolism was depressed with increasing slag, from 0.68 to 0.65. We concluded that the slag impacted the soil bacterial community structure, and consequently influenced nitrogen dynamics. This study could form the basis of further investigation into the resistance of the nitrogen cycle to contamination in relation to soil bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Oka
- School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Uchida
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
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28
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Zhou ZF, Zhang ZY, Wang MX, Liu YM, Dai JS. Effect of the nitrification inhibitor (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) on the activities and abundances of ammonia-oxidizers and denitrifiers in a phenanthrene polluted and waterlogged soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:474-481. [PMID: 29909317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Through a 60-day microcosm incubation, the effect of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on the activities and abundances of ammonia-oxidizers and denitrifiers in phenanthrene-polluted soil was investigated. Five treatments were conducted for clean soil (CK), phenanthrene added (P), phenanthrene and DMPP added (PD), phenanthrene and urea added (PU), and phenanthrene, urea, and DMPP added (PUD) soils. The results indicate that the potential nitrification rate (PNR) in the P treatment was significantly higher than that in the PD treatment only on day 7, whereas the PNR in the PU treatment was significantly higher than that in the PUD treatment on each sampling day. The abundance of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the PU treatment was significantly higher than that in the PUD treatment on each sampling day. Moreover, the abundance of AOB but rather than the ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) had significantly positive correlation with soil PNR (P < 0.05). DMPP showed no obvious effect on the soil denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), which could have inhibited the abundances of denitrification-related narG, nirS, and nirK genes. The results of this study should provide a deeper understanding of the interaction between soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contamination, ammonia oxidization, and denitrification, and offer valuable information for assessing the potential contribution of denitrification for soil PAH elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Ze-Yu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ming-Xia Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ya-Min Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jun-Shuai Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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29
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Lan T, Suter H, Liu R, Yuan S, Chen D. Effects of nitrification inhibitors on gross N nitrification rate, ammonia oxidizers, and N 2O production under different temperatures in two pasture soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:28344-28354. [PMID: 30083899 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Australian pasture soil for cattle and sheep industries constitutes the principal land use with considerable N fertilizer consumption, which is one of the causes of local environmental problems. Nitrification plays a key role in regulating soil inorganic N concentration and its environmental diffusion. The effects of different nitrification inhibitors (NIs) on gross N nitrification (ngross) rate and N2O production under different temperatures in pasture soils remain unclear. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to determine the effect of NIs (dicyandiamide [DCD], 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate [DMPP], and 3-methylpyrazol and 1H-1,2,4-triazol [3MP + TZ]) on N2O emissions, ngross and net N nitrification (nnet) rates, and the abundance of ammonia oxidizers, namely, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), in two Australian pasture soils incubated at temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 °C. All NIs reduced both ngross and nnet rates and N2O production rate from the two pasture soils but to different extents. The inhibitory rates of NIs on ngross and nnet reached 6.80-63.8 and 5.91-62.3%, respectively, whereas that on N2O production rate totaled 4.5-41.4% in the tested soils. NIs reduced nitrification and N2O production by inhibiting the growth of AOB rather than AOA. The inhibitory effects of NIs were temperature-dependent, that is, decreasing with increasing temperature from 15 to 35 °C. In general, DMPP performed better than DCD and 3MP + TZ at 15 and 35 °C, whereas DCD performed more effectively than the other two NIs at 25 °C. Our results suggest that the utilization of NIs will depend on the conditions present, especially soil temperature. Additionally, AOB is the target of inhibition when mitigating nitrification and N2O emission by applying NIs in pasture soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Helen Suter
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Rui Liu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Deli Chen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Chen G, Liu H, Zhang W, Li B, Liu L, Wang G. Roxarsone exposure jeopardizes nitrogen removal and regulates bacterial community in biological sequential batch reactors. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 159:232-239. [PMID: 29753825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone is widely present in wastewaters of many animal farms in China. However, little is known about how long-term roxarsone exposure influences the nitrogen removal of biological wastewater treatment in agricultural settings. Here we investigated the nitrogen removal performance of a biological sequential batch reactor (SBR) and the changes of bacterial community, upon long-term roxarsone exposure. The long-term roxarsone dosing decreased the SBR nitrogen removal by 52.4%, with an immediate inhibition on denitrification and a delayed inhibition on nitrification. The analyses of bacterial enzymatic activities and 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed that bacterial activities generally decreased, and the nitrogen-cycling bacterial community was changed, particularly by the decrease (Acinetobacter and Methylophilaceae), persistence (Flavobacterium and Methylotenera), and emergence (Aeromonas) of certain bacterial genera. Overall, chronic roxarsone exposure could suppress nitrification and denitrification, which may even have broad implications on the use efficiency and cycling of nitrogen in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; SIPPR Engineering Group Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Baoguo Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Abstract
Dicyandiamide (DCD) and thiosulfates are two type of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) that have been widely used in agriculture to improve nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency and mitigate negative effect of N on environment. Little information is available concerning the comparison of the efficacy of DCD and thiosulfate on N transformations in soil. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of DCD and thiosulfate (K2S2O3) on changes of NH4+-N, nitrification inhibition and N recovery in a latosolic red soil. An incubation experiment was conducted with four treatments of control (CK), N, N+DCD, and N+K2S2O3. Soil samples were collected periodically over 50 d to determine concentrations of mineral N, and the amoA gene abundance of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was estimated by qPCR after 10 d incubation. In the N treatment, 67.8% of the applied N as NH4+-N disappeared from the mineral N pool and only 2.7% and 30.8% of the applied N was accumulated as NO2--N and NO3--N, respectively. Addition of DCD and thiosulfate to the soil prevented NH4+-N disappearance by 63.0% and 13.6%, respectively. DCD suppressed the production of NO2--N by 97.41%, whereas thiosulfate increased accumulation of NO2--N by 14.6%. Application of N along with DCD and thiosulfate inhibited nitrification, respectively, by 72.6% and 33.1%, resulting in the delay of the nitrification process for 30 days and 10 days, respectively. Apparent N recovery in N treatment was 66.2%, which increased by 55.2% and 4.8% by DCD and thiosulfate, respectively. Numbers of AOB amoA gene copy was significantly inhibited by both DCD and thiosulfate, and the stronger inhibition induced by DCD than thiosulfate was recorded. Results indicated that both DCD and thiosulfate were effective inhibitors for NH4+-N oxidation, NO3--N production, mineral N losses and AOB growth. DCD showed a more pronounced effect on nitrification inhibition than thiosulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ning
- College of Natural Resource & Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoying Ai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Cui
- College of Natural Resource & Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Pulicharla R, Zolfaghari M, Brar SK, Drogui P, Auger S, Verma M, Surampalli RY. Acute Impact of Chlortetracycline on Nitrifying and Denitrifying Processes. Water Environ Res 2018; 90:604-614. [PMID: 30188278 DOI: 10.2175/106143017x15131012153095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, sequential nitrification and anoxic experiments in synthetic municipal wastewater were exposed to 0.5 to 100 mg/L of chlortetracycline for 24 h to evaluate acute impact on the nitrification, and denitrification processes of biological treatment. Both processes were significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited at >50 mg/L of chlortetracycline, and the results revealed that nitrification was adversely affected by chlortetracycline compared with the anoxic process. In nitrification, chemical oxygen removal (COD) and ammonia oxidation kinetics were 50% inhibited at 10 mg chlortetracycline/L, and nitrite oxidation kinetics at 0.5 mg chlortetracycline/L. Likewise, in the anoxic process, 14 and 10 mg/L of chlortetracycline inhibited 50% of COD removal and nitrate reduction kinetics, respectively. In nitrification and denitrification, 90% of chlortetracycline was removed by adsorbing onto sludge suspended solids. In addition, a higher chlortetracycline concentration in anoxic effluent, compared with aerobic effluents, indicated a dissimilarity in the composition of sludge solids, pH, and biomass production for both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Pulicharla
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
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Kapoor V, Phan D, Pasha ABMT. Effects of metal oxide nanoparticles on nitrification in wastewater treatment systems: A systematic review. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:659-668. [PMID: 29469639 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1438825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While the variety of engineered nanoparticles used in consumer products continues to grow, the use of metal oxide nanoparticles in electronics, textiles, cosmetics and food packaging industry has grown exponentially in recent years, which will inevitably result in their release into wastewater streams in turn impacting the important biological processes in wastewater treatment plants. Among these processes, nitrification play a critical role in nitrogen removal during wastewater treatment, however, it is sensitive to a wide range of inhibitory substances including metal oxide nanoparticles. Therefore, it is essential to systematically asses the effects of metal oxide nanoparticles on nitrification in biological wastewater treatment systems. In this review we discuss the present scenario of metal oxide nanoparticles and their impact on biological wastewater treatment processes, specifically nitrogen removal through nitrification. We also summarize the various methods used to measure nitrification inhibition by metal oxide nanoparticles and highlight corresponding results obtained using those methods. Finally, the key research gaps that need to be addressed in future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Kapoor
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas , USA
| | - Duc Phan
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas , USA
| | - A B M Tanvir Pasha
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas , USA
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Xing BS, Jin RC. Inhibitory effects of heavy metals and antibiotics on nitrifying bacterial activities in mature partial nitritation. Chemosphere 2018; 200:437-445. [PMID: 29501034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the use of partial nitritation (PN) in nitrogen removal processes for livestock wastewater, this work investigated the inhibitory effects of heavy metals and antibiotics on the nitrifying bacterial activities of the PN processes. Biomass was collected from a continuous-flow internal-loop airlift reactor and cultured with fixed ammonium concentrations of 921 mg N L-1. Batch activity tests were conducted to determine the specific oxygen uptake rate. The individual and interactive inhibitory effects of Zn2+, Cu2+, oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were evaluated using an orthogonal test. The results showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Zn2+, Cu2+, OTC and SMZ on PN sludge were 50.1, 35.4, 447 and 1890 mg L-1, respectively. The joint toxicities of heavy metals (Zn2+ and Cu2+) and antibiotics (OTC and SMZ) in the PN mixed culture were generally synergistic, except for between Zn2+ and Cu2+, which was antagonistic. In joint toxicity tests, the significance of the inhibitory effect of Zn2+ (15.3-164.3 mg L-1), Cu2+ (13.8-90.9 mg L-1), OTC (27.0-866.5 mg L-1) and SMZ (290-3490 mg L-1) on the nitrifying bacterial activity can be ranked in the following order: SMZ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > OTC. Additionally, different exposure times (1 h, 3 h and 24 h) with or without aeration were also comparatively studied. These results show that a greater PN sludge activity loss than when exposure without aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Shan Xing
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China; School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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Rodrigues JM, Lasa B, Aparicio-Tejo PM, González-Murua C, Marino D. 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate and 2-(N-3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture nitrification inhibitors: Quantification in plant tissues and toxicity assays. Sci Total Environ 2018; 624:1180-1186. [PMID: 29929230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification inhibitors are used to maintain ammonium available in the soil for longer periods while reducing nitrate leaching and N2O emission. In this work we evaluated the potential toxicity effects of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 2-(N-3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) nitrification inhibitors. In order to determine the potential plant capacity to take up and translocate these inhibitors, we grew clover plants in hydroponic conditions and we developed a novel methodology for extracting DMPP and DMPSA that we quantified by HPLC. In addition, we also did toxicity bioassays: seed germination and Vibrio fischeri test. When clover was exposed to high amounts of nitrification inhibitors, plants accumulated DMPP, predominantly in leaves, and also DMPSA that preferentially accumulated in roots. These inhibitors did not provoke phytotoxicity at the equivalent of the maximum amount estimated in agriculture (0.5mg/kg soil). DMPP only provoked detrimental effects in plants at very high dose (100mg/kg soil). Interestingly, DMPSA was innocuous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina M Rodrigues
- Department of Environmental Science, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Berta Lasa
- Department of Environmental Science, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain.
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36
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Zhang C, Wang J, Zhu L, Du Z, Wang J, Sun X, Zhou T. Effects of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate on the microbes in brown soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 67:249-259. [PMID: 29778159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) on soil organisms has aroused wide attention due to their high-solubility. The present investigation focused on the toxicity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([C8mim]NO3) on the microbial populations (bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes), soil enzyme (urease, dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and β-glucosidase) activities, microbial community diversity using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and abundance of the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) in brown soil at each trial with doses of 0, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0mg/kg on days 10, 20, 30, and 40. The contents of [C8mim]NO3 in soil were measured using high performance liquid chromatography with recoveries of 84.3% to 85.2%, and changed less than 10% during the experimental period. A significant decrease was observed from the bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes populations at 10.0mg/kg, at which the urease activity was inhibited and the β-glucosidase activity was stimulated on days 20, 30, and 40. In addition, [C8mim]NO3 inhibited the dehydrogenase activity at 10mg/kg on days 30 and 40 and the acid phosphatase activity on day 20. The diversity of the soil microbial community and the gene abundance of AOA- and AOB- amoA were also inhibited. Furthermore, the present investigation provided more scientific information for the toxicity evaluation of ILs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Zhongkun Du
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Xi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Tongtong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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37
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Kim MJ, Ko D, Ko K, Kim D, Lee JY, Woo SM, Kim W, Chung H. Effects of silver-graphene oxide nanocomposites on soil microbial communities. J Hazard Mater 2018; 346:93-102. [PMID: 29248800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the application of silver-graphene oxide (Ag-GO) in diverse fields, it is important to investigate its potential impacts on the environment including soils. In this study, the response of microbial communities in soils treated with Ag-GO synthesized by glucose reduction was determined by analyzing enzyme activities, biomass, and inorganic N concentrations and by pyrosequencing. In soils treated with 0.1-1 mg Ag-GO g-1 soil, the activities of β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylosidase decreased up to 80% and NO3- concentration decreased up to 82% indicating inhibited nitrification. Within the bacterial community, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria in soils treated with Ag-GO were lower than that in control soil. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of AD3 and Firmicutes tended to increase under Ag-GO treatments. These changes in bacterial community composition reflected lowered activities associated with C and N cycling. On the other hand, microbial biomass showed no distinct change in response to Ag-GO treatment. Our study can serve as important basis in establishing guidelines for regulating the release of nanocomposites such as Ag-GO to the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Daegeun Ko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanyoung Ko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawon Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myeong Woo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Haegeun Chung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Gwin CA, Lefevre E, Alito CL, Gunsch CK. Microbial community response to silver nanoparticles and Ag + in nitrifying activated sludge revealed by ion semiconductor sequencing. Sci Total Environ 2018; 616-617:1014-1021. [PMID: 29122352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are known to act as biocides, are incorporated into medical and consumer products including athletic clothing, stuffed animals, liquid dietary supplements, and more. The increasing use of AgNPs in these products is likely to lead to their entry into both natural and engineered systems, which has the potential to disrupt bacterial processes including those involved in nutrient cycling in wastewater treatment. In the present study, sequencing batch reactors (SBR) mimicking secondary wastewater treatment were operated to determine the effects of AgNPs on the microbial communities contained within activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). SBRs were treated with 0.2 and 2ppm of either gum Arabic (GA)-coated AgNPs, citrate (Ca)-coated AgNPs, or Ag+ as AgNO3. Cell samples were collected and DNA isolated periodically throughout SBR operation. DNA was used for Ion Torrent Next Gen Sequencing of the V3 region of the 16S rDNA gene. Subsequent analyses revealed that the microbial community both shifted and recovered quickly in response to Ag+. Both AgNP treatments resulted in slower initial community shifts than that observed with the Ag+ treatment. GA-AgNPs elicited the longest lasting effect. Additional examination of nitrogen removal bacteria suggested the possibility of an increase in sludge bulking species with increased concentrations of AgNPs in WWTPs. This study supports the hypothesis that Ag+ release from AgNPs is largely coating-dependent and thus a key driver in dictating AgNP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley A Gwin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, United States
| | - Emilie Lefevre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Christina L Alito
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Claudia K Gunsch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
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39
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Wu Q, Huang K, Sun H, Ren H, Zhang XX, Ye L. Comparison of the impacts of zinc ions and zinc nanoparticles on nitrifying microbial community. J Hazard Mater 2018; 343:166-175. [PMID: 28950204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effects of metal ions and nanoparticles (NPs) on nitrifying bacterial communities, this study investigates the impacts of zinc (Zn) NPs, zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs and Zn ions on the nitrifying bacterial communities. Under low Zn concentration (0.1mgL-1), the nitrification rate was promoted by Zn ions and inhibited by the two NPs, indicating that the toxicity of NPs was caused by the NPs themselves instead of the released Zn ions. Further analysis showed that both Zn NPs and ZnO NPs could result in substantial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the nitrifying bacteria community. The inhibition was strongly correlated with amoA gene expression, but not with the expression of hao and nxrA genes. These results indicated that the main difference of the Zn ions and Zn NPs on nitrifying bacterial community could be due to the different impacts on the ROS production and amoA gene expression. Collectively, the findings in this study advanced understanding of the different effects of Zn NPs, ZnO NPs and Zn ions on nitrifying bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kailong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haohao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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40
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Torralbo F, Menéndez S, Barrena I, Estavillo JM, Marino D, González-Murua C. Dimethyl pyrazol-based nitrification inhibitors effect on nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria to mitigate N 2O emission. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13810. [PMID: 29062007 PMCID: PMC5653738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have been increasing as a result of intensive nitrogen (N) fertilisation. Soil nitrification and denitrification are the main sources of N2O, and the use of ammonium-based fertilisers combined with nitrification inhibitors (NIs) could be useful in mitigating N2O emissions from agricultural systems. In this work we looked at the N2O mitigation capacity of two dimethylpyrazol-based NIs, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 2-(N-3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA), on soil nitrifying and denitrifying microbial populations under two contrasting soil water contents (40% and 80% soil water filled pore space; WFPS). Our results show that DMPP and DMPSA are equally efficient at reducing N2O emissions under 40% WFPS conditions by inhibiting bacterial ammonia oxidation. In contrast, at 80% WFPS DMPSA was less efficient than DMPP at reducing N2O emissions. Interestingly, at 80% WFPS, where lowered oxygen availability limits nitrification, both DMPP and DMPSA not only inhibited nitrification but also stimulated N2O reduction to molecular nitrogen (N2) via nitrous oxide reductase activity (Nos activity). Therefore, in this work we observed that DMP-based NIs stimulated the reduction of N2O to N2 by nitrous oxide reductase during the denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torralbo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Sergio Menéndez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iskander Barrena
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - José M Estavillo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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Belmonte M, Hsieh CF, Campos JL, Guerrero L, Méndez R, Mosquera-Corral A, Vidal G. Effect of Free Ammonia, Free Nitrous Acid, and Alkalinity on the Partial Nitrification of Pretreated Pig Slurry, Using an Alternating Oxic/Anoxic SBR. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017:6571671. [PMID: 29018815 PMCID: PMC5606105 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6571671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of free ammonia (NH3 or FA), free nitrous acid (HNO2 or FNA), and total alkalinity (TA) on the performance of a partial nitrification (PN) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating anaerobically pretreated pig slurry was studied. The SBR was operated under alternating oxic/anoxic (O/A) conditions and was fed during anoxic phases. This strategy allowed using organic matter to partially remove nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) generated during oxic phases. The desired NH4+ to NO2- ratio of 1.3 g N/g N was obtained when an Ammonium Loading Rate (ALR) of 0.09 g NH4+-N/L·d was applied. The system was operated at a solid retention time (SRT) of 15-20 d and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels higher than 3 mg O2/L during the whole operational period. PN mainly occurred caused by the inhibitory effect of FNA on nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Once HNO2 concentration was negligible, NH4+ was fully oxidized to NO3- in spite of the presence of FA. The use of biomass acclimated to ammonium as inoculum avoided a possible effect of FA on NOB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Belmonte
- Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2362803 Valparaíso, Chile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Playa Ancha, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Chia-Fang Hsieh
- Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Luis Campos
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 2503500 Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Lorna Guerrero
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Federico Santa María, 2390123 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ramón Méndez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anuska Mosquera-Corral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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42
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Tatari K, Gülay A, Thamdrup B, Albrechtsen HJ, Smets BF. Challenges in using allylthiourea and chlorate as specific nitrification inhibitors. Chemosphere 2017. [PMID: 28505572 DOI: 10.1016/j2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Allylthiourea (ATU) and chlorate (ClO3-) are often used to selectively inhibit nitritation and nitratation. In this work we identified challenges with use of these compounds in inhibitory assays with filter material from a biological rapid sand filter for groundwater treatment. Inhibition was investigated in continuous-flow lab-scale columns, packed with filter material from a full-scale filter and supplied with NH4+ or NO2-. ATU concentrations of 0.1-0.5 mM interfered with the indophenol blue method for NH4+ quantification leading to underestimation of the measured NH4+ concentration. Interference was stronger at higher ATU levels and resulted in no NH4+ detection at 0.5 mM ATU. ClO3- at typical concentrations for inhibition assays (1-10 mM) inhibited nitratation by less than 6%, while nitritation was instead inhibited by 91% when NH4+ was supplied. On the other hand, nitratation was inhibited by 67-71% at 10-20 mM ClO3- when NO2- was supplied, suggesting significant nitratation inhibition at higher NO2- concentrations. No chlorite (ClO2-) was detected in the effluent, and thus we could not confirm that nitritation inhibition was caused by ClO3- reduction to ClO2-. In conclusion, ATU and ClO3- should be used with caution in inhibition assays, because analytical interference and poor selectivity for the targeted process may affect the experimental outcome and compromise result interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tatari
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
| | - A Gülay
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
| | - B Thamdrup
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - H-J Albrechtsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
| | - B F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark.
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43
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Dong Q, Liu Y, Shi H, Huang X. Effects of graphite nanoparticles on nitrification in an activated sludge system. Chemosphere 2017; 182:231-237. [PMID: 28499184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphite nanoparticles (GNPs) might result in unexpected effects during their transportation and transformation in wastewater treatment systems, including strong thermo-catalytic and catalytic effects and microbial cytotoxicity. In particular, the effects of GNPs on the nitrification process in activated sludge systems should be addressed. This study aimed to estimate the influence of GNPs on the nitrification process in a short-term nitrification reactor with exposure to different light sources. The results indicated that GNPs could only improve the efficiency of photothermal transformation slightly in the activated sludge system because of its photothermal effects under the standard illuminant (imitating 1 × sun). However, even with better photothermal effects, the nitrification efficiency still decreased significantly with GNP dosing under the standard illuminant, which might result from stronger cytotoxic effects of GNPs on the nitrifying bacteria. The disappearance of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) around bacterial cells was observed, and the total quantity of viable bacteria decreased significantly after GNP exposuring. Variation in bacterial groups primarily occurred in nitrifying microbial communities, including Nitrosomonas sp., Nitrosospira sp., Comamonas sp. and Bradyrhizobiace sp. Nitrifiers significantly decreased, while the phyla Gammaproteobacteria, Deinocccus, and Bacteroidetes exhibited greater stability during GNP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Dong
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hanchang Shi
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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44
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Tatari K, Gülay A, Thamdrup B, Albrechtsen HJ, Smets BF. Challenges in using allylthiourea and chlorate as specific nitrification inhibitors. Chemosphere 2017; 182:301-305. [PMID: 28505572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Allylthiourea (ATU) and chlorate (ClO3-) are often used to selectively inhibit nitritation and nitratation. In this work we identified challenges with use of these compounds in inhibitory assays with filter material from a biological rapid sand filter for groundwater treatment. Inhibition was investigated in continuous-flow lab-scale columns, packed with filter material from a full-scale filter and supplied with NH4+ or NO2-. ATU concentrations of 0.1-0.5 mM interfered with the indophenol blue method for NH4+ quantification leading to underestimation of the measured NH4+ concentration. Interference was stronger at higher ATU levels and resulted in no NH4+ detection at 0.5 mM ATU. ClO3- at typical concentrations for inhibition assays (1-10 mM) inhibited nitratation by less than 6%, while nitritation was instead inhibited by 91% when NH4+ was supplied. On the other hand, nitratation was inhibited by 67-71% at 10-20 mM ClO3- when NO2- was supplied, suggesting significant nitratation inhibition at higher NO2- concentrations. No chlorite (ClO2-) was detected in the effluent, and thus we could not confirm that nitritation inhibition was caused by ClO3- reduction to ClO2-. In conclusion, ATU and ClO3- should be used with caution in inhibition assays, because analytical interference and poor selectivity for the targeted process may affect the experimental outcome and compromise result interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tatari
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
| | - A Gülay
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
| | - B Thamdrup
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - H-J Albrechtsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
| | - B F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark.
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45
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Wang Y, Jin X, He L, Zhang W. Inhibitory effect of thiourea on biological nitrification process and its eliminating method. Water Sci Technol 2017; 75:2900-2907. [PMID: 28659530 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiourea is a typical nitrification inhibitor that shows a strong inhibitory effect against the biological nitrification process. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of thiourea on nitrification was determined to be 0.088 mg g VSS-1, and nitrifiers recovered from the thiourea inhibition after it was completely degraded. The thiourea-degrading ability of the sludge system was improved to 3.06 mg gVSS-1 h-1 through cultivation of thiourea-degrading bacteria by stepwise increasing the influent thiourea concentration. The dominant thiourea-degrading bacteria strain that used thiourea as the sole carbon and nitrogen source in the sludge system was identified as Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB. The results of this study will facilitate further research of the biodegradation characteristics of thiourea and similar pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control of Chemical Processes, Research Institute of Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China E-mail:
| | - Xibiao Jin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control of Chemical Processes, Research Institute of Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China E-mail:
| | - Lijun He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control of Chemical Processes, Research Institute of Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China E-mail:
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control of Chemical Processes, Research Institute of Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China E-mail:
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46
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Qin J, Lin C, Cheruiyot P, Mkpanam S, Good-Mary Duma N. Potential effects of rainwater-borne hydrogen peroxide on pollutants in stagnant water environments. Chemosphere 2017; 174:90-97. [PMID: 28160681 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microcosm experiments were conducted to examine the effects of rainwater-borne H2O2 on inactivation of water-borne coliforms, oxidation of ammonia and nitrite, and degradation of organic pollutants in canal and urban lake water. The results show that the soluble iron in the investigated water samples was sufficiently effective for reaction with H2O2 in the simulated rainwater-affected stagnant water to produce OH (Fenton reaction), which inactivated coliform bacteria even at a H2O2 dose as low as 5 μM within just 1 min of contact time. Coliform inhibition could last for at least 1 h and repeated input of H2O2 at a 30 min interval allowed maintenance of microbial inhibition for at least 3 h. Nitrification was also impeded by the Fenton process. The resulting inhibition of ammonia-oxidizing microbes reduced the removal rate of NH4+ and the emission of gaseous N species. In the presence of H2O2 at a dose of 20 μM, Fenton-driven chemical oxidation appeared to outplay the impediment of biodegradation caused by inhibited microbial activities in terms of removing total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the water column. The findings point to a potential research direction that may help to explain the dynamics of water-borne pollutants in ambient water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Qin
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; School of Environment and Life Science, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Chuxia Lin
- School of Environment and Life Science, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
| | - Patrick Cheruiyot
- School of Environment and Life Science, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Mkpanam
- School of Environment and Life Science, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Nelisiwe Good-Mary Duma
- School of Environment and Life Science, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
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47
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Jiang HS, Yin L, Ren NN, Xian L, Zhao S, Li W, Gontero B. The effect of chronic silver nanoparticles on aquatic system in microcosms. Environ Pollut 2017; 223:395-402. [PMID: 28117183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inevitably discharge into aquatic environments due to their abundant use in antibacterial products. It was reported that in laboratory conditions, AgNPs display dose-dependent toxicity to aquatic organisms, such as bacteria, algae, macrophytes, snails and fishes. However, AgNPs could behave differently in natural complex environments. In the present study, a series of microcosms were established to investigate the distribution and toxicity of AgNPs at approximately 500 μg L-1 in aquatic systems. As a comparison, the distribution and toxicity of the same concentration of AgNO3 were also determined. The results showed that the surface layer of sediment was the main sink of Ag element for both AgNPs and AgNO3. Both aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) and animals (Gambusia affinis and Radix spp) significantly accumulated Ag. With short-term treatment, phytoplankton biomass was affected by AgNO3 but not by AgNPs. Chlorophyll content of H. verticillata increased with both AgNPs and AgNO3 short-term exposure. However, the biomass of phytoplankton, aquatic plant and animals was not significantly different between control and samples treated with AgNPs or AgNO3 for 90 d. The communities, diversity and richness of microbes were not significantly affected by AgNPs and AgNO3; in contrast, the nitrification rate and its related microbe (Nitrospira) abundance significantly decreased. AgNPs and AgNO3 may affect the nitrogen cycle and affect the environment and, since they might be also transferred to food web, they represent a risk for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, IMM, FR 3479, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Liyan Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Agricultural College, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Na Na Ren
- College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Ling Xian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, IMM, FR 3479, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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48
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Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhang N, Zheng K, Wang L, Han G, Zhang H. Short-term and long-term effects of Zn (II) on the microbial activity and sludge property of partial nitrification process. Bioresour Technol 2017; 228:315-321. [PMID: 28086172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic nitrogen removal was an innovative and economical nitrogen removal technology with less oxygen and no organics consumption, in which partial nitrification (PN) is the key component. It is necessary to clear the impact of metal ions on PN since the development of industry increased their opportunity for entering into wastewater. In this study, PN process was successfully started-up in an SBR, the short-term and long-term effects of Zn (II) on microbial bioactivity and the sludge adsorption ability for Zn (II) were investigated. Results suggested that low Zn (II) were favorable for AOB bioactivity, while the long-term effect also induced NOB bioactivity. The suppression threshold of Zn (II) on AOB in short-term effect was 10mgL-1, which rose to 50mgL-1 in the long-term effect due to the self-adaption. The PN sludge presented prominent absorbability for zinc and performed a quadratic relation with the Zn (II) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kaiwei Zheng
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guanglu Han
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Saha A, Bhaduri D, Pipariya A, Jain NK. Influence of imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl application on microbial biomass and enzymatic activity in peanut grown soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:23758-23771. [PMID: 27623852 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to examine the degradation and impact of two post-emergence herbicides (imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl) on soil ecosystems at a half recommended rate (HRE), recommended rate (RE), and double recommended rate (DRE) during kharif peanut cultivation. Herbicides were innocuous to soil microbial activity at HRE, however, showed some significant influences at RE and DRE, and exerted temporary toxic effects on microbial biomass carbon and fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activity. Dehydrogenase activity also declined for a shorter period except imazethapyr application at DRE. Acid phosphatase activity was inhibited whereas alkaline phosphatase activity fluctuated between promotion and inhibition, but promotion was predominant suggesting a direct role of alkaline soil environment. Soil NH4+ and NO3- nitrogen were increased by the herbicides at initial (after 7 days) and last phases (after 30 days), respectively. After an early period of inhibition, urease activity returned to the control level after 30 days. Dissipation of imazethapyr residues fitted best to bi-exponential order rate kinetics at DRE and RE, whereas it followed first-order rate kinetics at HRE. The residues of quizalofop-p-ethyl were found only up to 1 day after application suggesting its rapid conversion to active acid metabolites. Both the herbicides had transient harmful effects on most of the soil microbiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Saha
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India.
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (DMAPR), Boriavi, Anand, Gujarat, 387 310, India.
| | - Debarati Bhaduri
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India
| | - Ashvin Pipariya
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India
| | - N K Jain
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India
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Samarasinghe SAPL, Shao Y, Huang PJ, Pishko M, Chu KH, Kameoka J. Fabrication of Bacteria Environment Cubes with Dry Lift-Off Fabrication Process for Enhanced Nitrification. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165839. [PMID: 27812154 PMCID: PMC5094588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a 3D dry lift-off process to localize multiple types of nitrifying bacteria in polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) cubes for enhanced nitrification, a two-step biological process that converts ammonium to nitrite and then to nitrate. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is responsible for converting ammonia into nitrite, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is responsible for converting nitrite to nitrate. Successful nitrification is often challenging to accomplish, in part because AOB and NOB are slow growers and highly susceptible to many organic and inorganic chemicals in wastewater. Most importantly, the transportation of chemicals among scattered bacteria is extremely inefficient and can be problematic. For example, nitrite, produced from ammonia oxidation, is toxic to AOB and can lead to the failure of nitrification. To address these challenges, we closely localize AOB and NOB in PEGDA cubes as microenvironment modules to promote synergetic interactions. The AOB is first localized in the vicinity of the surface of the PEGDA cubes that enable AOB to efficiently uptake ammonia from a liquid medium and convert it into nitrite. The produced nitrite is then efficiently transported to the NOB localized at the center of the PEGDA particle and converted into non-toxic nitrate. Additionally, the nanoscale PEGDA fibrous structures offer a protective environment for these strains, defending them from sudden toxic chemical shocks and immobilize in cubes. This engineered microenvironment cube significantly enhances nitrification and improves the overall ammonia removal rate per single AOB cell. This approach—encapsulation of multiple strains at close range in cube in order to control their interactions—not only offers a new strategy for enhancing nitrification, but also can be adapted to improve the production of fermentation products and biofuel, because microbial processes require synergetic reactions among multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. P. L. Samarasinghe
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yiru Shao
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Po-Jung Huang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Pishko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jun Kameoka
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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