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Liao JX, Huang QF, Li YH, Zhang DW, Wang GH. Chitosan derivatives functionalized dual ROS-responsive nanocarriers to enhance synergistic oxidation-chemotherapy. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 282:119087. [PMID: 35123755 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficient triggering of prodrug release has become a challengeable task for stimuli-responsive nanomedicine utilized in cancer therapy due to the subtle differences between normal and tumor tissues and heterogeneity. In this work, a dual ROS-responsive nanocarriers with the ability to self-regulate the ROS level was constructed, which could gradually respond to the endogenous ROS to achieve effective, hierarchical and specific drug release in cancer cells. In brief, DOX was conjugated with MSNs via thioketal bonds and loaded with β-Lapachone. TPP modified chitosan was then coated to fabricate nanocarriers for mitochondria-specific delivery. The resultant nanocarriers respond to the endogenous ROS and release Lap specifically in cancer cells. Subsequently, the released Lap self-regulated the ROS level, resulting in the specific DOX release and mitochondrial damage in situ, enhancing synergistic oxidation-chemotherapy. The tumor inhibition Ratio was achieved to 78.49%. The multi-functional platform provides a novel remote drug delivery system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qun-Fa Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guan-Hai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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2
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Yalcin K, Pehlivan B, Celen S, Bas EG, Kabakci C, Pashayev D, Daloglu H, Zhumatayev S, Uygun V, Karasu GT, Hazar V, Yesilipek A. Comparison of Total Body Irradiation-based Versus Chemotherapy-based Conditionings for Early Complications of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children With ALL. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:266-270. [PMID: 33625092 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total body irradiation (TBI) is the cornerstone of conditioning regimens in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As the late effects and survival comparison between TBI and chemotherapy were well analyzed before, in this study, we aim to focus on the first 100 days and early complications of transplantation. METHODS This retrospective study involves 72 pediatric patients (0 to 18 y) underwent first hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia between October 2015 and May 2019. Patients are divided into 2 groups regarding conditioning regimens. Conditionings includes either TBI 1200 cGy/6 fractions/3 days and etoposide phosphate or busulfan, fludarabine, and thiotepa. Busulfan was administered IV and according to body weight. RESULTS The incidences of acute graft versus host disease grade 2 to 4, veno-occlusive disease, capillary leakage syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathy, blood stream infection, hemorrhagic cystitis and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome before day 100 were similar for both conditioning regimens; however, patients received TBI-based conditioning had significantly longer neutrophil engraftment time (17.5 vs. 13 d, P=0.001) and tended to have more engraftment syndrome (ES) (45.5% for TBI vs. 24.0% for chemotherapy, P=0.069). Multivariate analysis showed that TBI-based conditioning was associated with a longer neutrophil engraftment time (hazard ratio [HR]=1.20, P=0.006), more cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation (HR=3.65, P=0.038) and more ES (HR=3.18, P=0.078). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support chemotherapy-based regimens with early neutrophil engraftment, less ES and CMV reactivation compared with TBI. Although there is no impact on survival rates, increased incidence of ES and CMV reactivation should be considered in TBI-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Yalcin
- MedicalPark Goztepe Hospital, Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit
| | - Berrin Pehlivan
- Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Radiation Oncology
| | - Suna Celen
- MedicalPark Goztepe Hospital, Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit
| | | | | | - Dayanat Pashayev
- MedicalPark Goztepe Hospital, Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit
| | - Hayriye Daloglu
- MedicalPark Antalya Hospital, Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Vedat Uygun
- MedicalPark Antalya Hospital, Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Volkan Hazar
- MedicalPark Goztepe Hospital, Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit
| | - Akif Yesilipek
- MedicalPark Goztepe Hospital, Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit
- MedicalPark Antalya Hospital, Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Rossetti ML, Dunlap KR, Salazar G, Hickner RC, Kim JS, Chase BP, Miller BF, Gordon BS. Systemic delivery of a mitochondria targeted antioxidant partially preserves limb muscle mass and grip strength in response to androgen deprivation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111391. [PMID: 34245847 PMCID: PMC8403153 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Muscle mass is important for health. Decreased testicular androgen production (hypogonadism) contributes to the loss of muscle mass, with loss of limb muscle being particularly debilitating. Androgen replacement is the only pharmacological treatment, which may not be feasible for everyone. Prior work showed that markers of reactive oxygen species and markers of mitochondrial degradation pathways were higher in the limb muscle following castration. Therefore, we tested whether an antioxidant preserved limb muscle mass in male mice subjected to a castration surgery. Subsets of castrated mice were treated with resveratrol (a general antioxidant) or MitoQ (a mitochondria targeted antioxidant). Relative to the non-castrated control mice, lean mass, limb muscle mass, and grip strength were partially preserved only in castrated mice treated with MitoQ. Independent of treatment, markers of mitochondrial degradation pathways remained elevated in all castrated mice. Therefore, a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant may partially preserve limb muscle mass in response to hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Rossetti
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kirsten R Dunlap
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jeong-Su Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Bryant P Chase
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Bradley S Gordon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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4
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Dong P, Hu J, Yu S, Zhou Y, Shi T, Zhao Y, Wang X, Liu X. A Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Amplifier to Overcome Hypoxia Resistance for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Small Methods 2021; 5:e2100581. [PMID: 34928048 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced resistance to tumor treatment restricts further development of photodynamic therapy. Instead of simple reoxygenation to relieve hypoxia in traditional therapeutic approaches, a mitochondria-targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplifier is constructed to reverse hypoxia resistance and enhance tumor sensitivity to hypoxia-resistant photodynamic therapy. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are modified with triphenylphosphine to enhance its blood circulation and endow it with mitochondria-targeted specificity. α-Tocopherol succinate and indocyanine green are loaded in mitochondria-targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticles to reduce innate oxygen consumption by blocking mitochondrial respiration chain, leading to endogenous mitochondrial ROS burst and imaging-guided photodynamic therapy. This mitochondria-targeted oxidative stress amplifier not only disrupts mitochondrial redox homeostasis and triggers long-term high oxidative stress but also makes tumor more sensitive to hypoxia-resistant photodynamic therapy. The imaging-guided ROS amplifier confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of both in vitro and in vivo anticancer performance, suggesting a promising clinical strategy in hypoxia-related tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jialing Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yizhuo Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Tianhui Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
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Duvall WL, Case J, Lundbye J, Cerqueira M. Efficiency of tetrofosmin versus sestamibi achieved through shorter injection-to-imaging times: A systematic review of the literature. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:1381-1394. [PMID: 32236839 PMCID: PMC8421307 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on superior image quality, more accurate gated images, and lower radiation exposure to patients, Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) based tracers are preferred over Thallium-201 for SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. The two Tc-99m tracers, sestamibi and tetrofosmin, have many similar characteristics but there are differences in blood and liver clearance rates, as well as the recommended time after injection for imaging to achieve optimal image quality. Because published peer-reviewed studies examining optimal times between injection and imaging are limited, it can be difficult to identify evidence-based opportunities to optimize imaging protocols. Using systematic literature review methods, this study was designed to identify and consolidate the available evidence on the use of sestamibi compared to tetrofosmin for variable injection to imaging times in regard to test efficiency, including test length and re-scan rates, and image quality, including overall quality and cardiac to extra-cardiac ratios. The composite of this data shows that earlier imaging with tetrofosmin is equivalent to later imaging with sestamibi when assessing subjective image quality or when quantifying heart-to-extra-cardiac ratios. Image quality and heart-to-extra-cardiac ratios comparing early versus later imaging with tetrofosmin were comparable if not equivalent to each other. The equivalency of the imaging quality occurs with 15 minutes (on average) earlier imaging compared to sestamibi and 30 minutes compared to standard time tetrofosmin. The subjective findings of equivalent image quality are also shown with objective measurements of heart-to-extra-cardiac ratios. In this review, the significantly shorter injection-to-acquisition times with tetrofosmin compared to sestamibi resulted in better efficiency and less waiting times for patients; in addition, significantly higher re-scan rates with sestamibi compared to tetrofosmin due to hepatic activity contributed to better throughput with tetrofosmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lane Duvall
- Hartford Hospital, Heart and Vascular Institute, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT, 06102, USA.
| | - James Case
- Cardiovascular Imaging Technologies, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Justin Lundbye
- The Greater Waterbury Health Network, Waterbury, CT, USA
| | - Manuel Cerqueira
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Pomierny B, Krzyżanowska W, Jurczyk J, Skórkowska A, Strach B, Szafarz M, Przejczowska-Pomierny K, Torregrossa R, Whiteman M, Marcinkowska M, Pera J, Budziszewska B. The Slow-Releasing and Mitochondria-Targeted Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) Delivery Molecule AP39 Induces Brain Tolerance to Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157816. [PMID: 34360581 PMCID: PMC8346077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death in the world, which accounts for almost 12% of the total deaths worldwide. Despite decades of research, the available and effective pharmacotherapy is limited. Some evidence underlines the beneficial properties of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors, such as NaSH, in an animal model of brain ischemia and in in vitro research; however, these data are ambiguous. This study was undertaken to verify the neuroprotective activity of AP39, a slow-releasing mitochondria-targeted H2S delivery molecule. We administered AP39 for 7 days prior to ischemia onset, and the potential to induce brain tolerance to ischemia was verified. To do this, we used the rat model of 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and used LC-MS/MS, RT-PCR, LuminexTM assays, Western blot and immunofluorescent double-staining to determine the absolute H2S levels, inflammatory markers, neurotrophic factor signaling pathways and apoptosis marker in the ipsilateral frontal cortex, hippocampus and in the dorsal striatum 24 h after ischemia onset. AP39 (50 nmol/kg) reduced the infarct volume, neurological deficit and reduced the microglia marker (Iba1) expression. AP39 also exerted prominent anti-inflammatory activity in reducing the release of Il-1β, Il-6 and TNFα in brain areas particularly affected by ischemia. Furthermore, AP39 enhanced the pro-survival pathways of neurotrophic factors BDNF-TrkB and NGF-TrkA and reduced the proapoptotic proNGF-p75NTR-sortilin pathway activity. These changes corresponded with reduced levels of cleaved caspase 3. Altogether, AP39 treatment induced adaptative changes within the brain and, by that, developed brain tolerance to ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Pomierny
- Department of Toxicological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (W.K.); (J.J.); (A.S.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Weronika Krzyżanowska
- Department of Toxicological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (W.K.); (J.J.); (A.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Jakub Jurczyk
- Department of Toxicological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (W.K.); (J.J.); (A.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Alicja Skórkowska
- Department of Toxicological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (W.K.); (J.J.); (A.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Beata Strach
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31-503 Kraków, Poland; (B.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.P.-P.)
| | - Katarzyna Przejczowska-Pomierny
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.P.-P.)
| | - Roberta Torregrossa
- St. Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (R.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- St. Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (R.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Monika Marcinkowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31-503 Kraków, Poland; (B.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Toxicological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (W.K.); (J.J.); (A.S.); (B.B.)
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7
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Wen JJ, Williams TP, Cummins CB, Colvill KM, Radhakrishnan GL, Radhakrishnan RS. Effect of Mitochondrial Antioxidant (Mito-TEMPO) on Burn-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. J Am Coll Surg 2021; 232:642-655. [PMID: 33421567 PMCID: PMC8753741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants results in heart failure, contributing to mortality after burn injury. Cardiac mitochondria are a prime source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a mitochondrial-specific antioxidant may improve burn-induced cardiomyopathy. We hypothesize that the mitochondrial-specific antioxidant, Triphenylphosphonium chloride (Mito-TEMPO), could protect cardiac function after burn. STUDY DESIGN Male rats had a 60% total body surface area (TBSA) scald burn injury and were treated with/without Mito-TEMPO (7 mg/kg-1, intraperitoneal) and harvested at 24 hours post-burn. Echocardiography (ECHO) was used for measurement of heart function. Masson Trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining were used for cardiac fibrosis and immune response. Qualitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used for mitochondrial DNA replication and gene expression. RESULTS Burn-induced cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, and mitochondrial damage were assessed by measurement of mitochondrial function, DNA replication, and DNA-encoded electron transport chain-related gene expression. Mito-TEMPO partially improved the abnormal parameters. Burn-induced cardiac dysfunction was associated with crosstalk between the NFE2L2-ARE pathway, PDE5A-PKG pathway, PARP1-POLG-mtDNA replication pathway, and mitochondrial SIRT signaling. CONCLUSIONS Mito-TEMPO reversed burn-induced cardiac dysfunction by rescuing cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may be an effective therapy for burn-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J Wen
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Taylor P Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Claire B Cummins
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Kayla M Colvill
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | | | - Ravi S Radhakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
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8
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Andrianov AK, Marini A, Wang R, Chowdhury A, Agnihotri P, Yunus AS, Pierce BG, Mariuzza RA, Fuerst TR. In Vivo and In Vitro Potency of Polyphosphazene Immunoadjuvants with Hepatitis C Virus Antigen and the Role of Their Supramolecular Assembly. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:726-734. [PMID: 32530637 PMCID: PMC7755742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two well-defined synthetic polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants, PCPP and PCEP, were studied for their ability to potentiate the immune response to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 glycoprotein antigen in vivo. We report that PCEP induced significantly higher serum neutralization and HCV-specific IgG titers in mice compared to other adjuvants used in the study: PCPP, Alum, and Addavax. PCEP also shifted the response toward the desirable balanced Th1/Th2 immunity, as evaluated by the antibody isotype ratio (IgG2a/IgG1). The in vivo results were analyzed in the context of antigen-adjuvant molecular interactions in the system and in vitro immunostimulatory activity of formulations. Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that both PCPP and PCEP spontaneously self-assemble with the E2 glycoprotein with the formation of multimeric water-soluble complexes, which demonstrates the role of polyphosphazene macromolecules as vaccine delivery vehicles. Intrinsic in vitro immunostimulatory activity of polyphosphazene adjuvants, which was assessed using a mouse macrophage cell line, revealed comparable activities of both polymers and did not provide an explanation of their in vivo performance. However, PCEP complexes with E2 displayed greater stability against agglomeration and improved in vitro immunostimulatory activity compared to those of PCPP, which is in line with superior in vivo performance of PCEP. The results emphasize the importance of often neglected antigen-polyphosphazene self-assembly mechanisms in formulations, which can provide important insights on their in vivo behavior and facilitate the establishment of a structure-activity relationship for this important class of immunoadjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Alexander Marini
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Ananda Chowdhury
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Pragati Agnihotri
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Abdul S. Yunus
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Brian G. Pierce
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Roy A. Mariuzza
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Thomas R. Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
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9
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Hula N, Spaans F, Vu J, Quon A, Kirschenman R, Cooke CLM, Phillips TJ, Case CP, Davidge ST. Placental treatment improves cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion insult in adult male and female offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105461. [PMID: 33513355 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Offspring born from complicated pregnancies are at greater risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Prenatal hypoxia is a common pregnancy complication that results in placental oxidative stress and impairs fetal development. Adult offspring exposed to hypoxia during fetal life are more susceptible to develop cardiac dysfunction, and show decreased cardiac tolerance to an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult. To improve offspring cardiac outcomes, we have assessed the use of a placenta-targeted intervention during hypoxic pregnancies, by encapsulating the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoQ into nanoparticles (nMitoQ). We hypothesized that maternal nMitoQ treatment during hypoxic pregnancies improves cardiac tolerance to I/R insult in adult male and female offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to normoxia (21 % O2) or hypoxia (11 % O2) from gestational day 15-20, after injection with 100 μL saline or nMitoQ (125 μM) on GD15 (n=6-8/group). Male and female offspring were aged to 4 months. Both male and female offspring from hypoxic pregnancies showed reduced cardiac tolerance to I/R (assessed ex vivo using the isolated working heart technique) which was ameliorated by nMitoQ treatment. To identify potential molecular mechanisms for the changes in cardiac tolerance to I/R, cardiac levels/phosphorylation of proteins important for intracellular Ca2+ cycling were assessed with Western blotting. In prenatally hypoxic male offspring, improved cardiac recovery from I/R by nMitoQ was accompanied by increased cardiac phospholamban and phosphatase 2Ce levels, and a trend to decreased Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ phosphorylation. In contrast, in female offspring, nMitoQ treatment in hypoxic pregnancies increased phospholamban and protein kinase Cε phosphorylation. Maternal nMitoQ treatment improves cardiac tolerance to I/R insult in adult offspring and thus has the potential to improve the later-life trajectory of cardiovascular health of adult offspring born from pregnancies complicated by prenatal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Hula
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jennie Vu
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Anita Quon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Tom J Phillips
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - C Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada.
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10
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Zhou N, Zhang N, Zhi Z, Jing X, Liu D, Shao Y, Wang D, Meng L. One-pot synthesis of acid-degradable polyphosphazene prodrugs for efficient tumor chemotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10540-10548. [PMID: 33118582 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01992e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In order to improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects of anticancer drugs, stimuli-responsive and biodegradable drug-delivery systems have attracted significant attention in the past three decades. Herein, we report acid-responsive and degradable polyphosphazene nano-prodrugs synthesized via a one-pot cross-linking reaction of 4-hydroxybenzhydrazide-modified doxorubicin (BMD) with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP). The phenol groups in the as-synthesized BMD exhibited a high reactivity towards HCCP and in the presence of a basic catalyst the determined drug loading ratio of the nanoparticles, denoted as HCCP-BMD, was up to 85.64%. Interestingly, the hydrazone bonds in BMD and the skeleton of polyphosphazene tended to break down in acidic environments, and the antitumor active drug DOX was found to be released in an acidic tumor microenvironment (pH ∼ 6.8 for extracellular, and pH ∼ 5.0 for endosomes and lysosomes). The resulting HCCP-BMD prodrug exhibited high cytotoxicity to HeLa cells and could effectively suppress tumor growth, with negligible damage to normal tissues. We therefore believe that this acid- degradable polyphosphazene prodrug may offer great potential in various biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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11
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of tumors derived from the mesenchymal origin. Historically, they have been classified according to morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics. The advent of multiplexed next-generation sequencing (NGS), specifically RNA sequencing, has modified the classification of such tumors and others by determining categorization based on molecular alterations. The NUTM1 rearrangement, previously thought to be present only in carcinomas, has recently been reported in poorly differentiated high-grade sarcomas of the soft tissue. We present the first reported case of an epithelioid hyalinizing sarcoma harboring the MGA-NUTM1 fusion in an acral site. METHODS Histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular testing were performed on resection tissue. RESULTS Histologically, the tumor showed an epithelioid morphology with prominent background hyalinization. Immunohistochemically, the tumor expressed CD99 and nuclear NUT-1. By NGS the tumor harbors MGA-NUTM1 fusion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support more extensive use of NGS for accurate sarcoma classification and identification of potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, they corroborate the fact that NUTM1-rearranged soft tissue tumors represent a spectrum of heterogeneous morphologic entities. This case also highlights the utility of NUT-1 immunohistochemical study as a possible screening tool for NUTM1-fused sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana M Cardona
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Rex C Bentley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Guomiao Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - George Jour
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Rami N Al-Rohil
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
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12
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Liu G, Yang Z, Du J, He A, Yang H, Xue G, Yu C, Zhang Y. Adding NBPT to urea increases N use efficiency of maize and decreases the abundance of N-cycling soil microbes under reduced fertilizer-N rate on the North China Plain. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240925. [PMID: 33112905 PMCID: PMC7592763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease inhibitor (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) can reduce N losses from agricultural soils but effects of inhibitors on N cycle are unclear. A field experiment was conducted with maize to test effects of UI (N-(n-Butyl) thiophosphoric, NBPT) and NI (3,4-dimethylepyrazolephosphate, DMPP) on N uptake and N-cycling soil microbes. Five treatments were imposed: no N fertilizer input (CK), conventional fertilization (CF) and 80% of urea input with NBPT (80%U+UI), with DMPP (80%U+NI) and with half NBPT and half DMPP (80%U+1/2(UI+NI)). There were no significant differences in biomass between 80%U+UI, 80%U+NI and CF but harvest index was increased under 80%U+UI and 80%U+NI. Compared to CF, N use efficiency of grain under 80%U+UI was increased by 7.1%, whereas grain yield and N uptake under 80%U+1/2(UI+NI) were decreased by 8.2% and 9.4%, respectively. The peak soil NO3‐‐N content was at about 15 days after fertilization (DAF) under CF but 30 DAF under the inhibitor treatments. In soils of 80%U+UI, the activities of urease and nitrate reductase were decreased between 15–45 DAF and between 5–30 DAF. The abundance of N-cycling soil microbes was affected: 80%U+UI and 80%U+NI reduced the copies of the amoA AOA and nir genes at about 15 days and reduced the copies of the amoA AOB gene at about 30 days. Correlation analysis indicated that there were significant positive relationships between amoA AOB gene and NH4+‐N, as well as between nirK gene and NO3‐‐N. Overall, urea applied with NBPT has greater potential for improving maize N use efficiency and inhibiting nitrification under reduced fertilizer-N applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Liu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanping Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Du
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ailing He
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangyuan Xue
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Congwen Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Research Center, Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Frandoloso R, Chaudhuri S, Frandoloso GCP, Yu RH, Schryvers AB. Proof of Concept for Prevention of Natural Colonization by Oral Needle-Free Administration of a Microparticle Vaccine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595320. [PMID: 33193449 PMCID: PMC7645216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been substantial interest in the development of needle-free vaccine administration that has led to a variety of approaches for delivery through the skin for induction of a systemic immune response. The mucosal administration of vaccines has inherently been needle-free, but the simple application of vaccines on the mucosal surface by itself does not lead to mucosal immunity. Since many important bacterial infections develop after initial colonization of the upper respiratory tract of the host, prevention of colonization could not only prevent infection but also eliminate the reservoir of pathogens that reside exclusively in that ecologic niche. This study was designed to provide proof of concept for a needle-free immunization approach that would reduce or eliminate colonization and prevent infection. In order to accomplish this a microparticle vaccine preparation was delivered just below the oral mucosal epithelial cell layer where it would lead to a robust immune response. A vaccine antigen (mutant transferrin binding protein B) shown to be capable of preventing infection in pigs was incorporated into a polyphosphazene microparticle preparation and delivered by a needle-free device to the oral sub-epithelial space of pigs. This vaccination regimen not only provided complete protection from infection after intranasal challenge by Glaesserella parasuis but also eliminated natural colonization by this bacterium. Notably, the complete prevention of natural colonization was dependent upon delivery of the microparticle preparation below the epithelial layer in the oral mucosa as intradermal or intramuscular delivery was not as effective at preventing natural colonization. This study also demonstrated that a primary immunization in the presence of maternal antibody limited the resulting antibody response but a robust antibody response after the second immunization indicated that maternal antibody did not prevent induction of B-cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Frandoloso
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Advanced Immunology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Somshukla Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Rong-hua Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anthony Bernard Schryvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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14
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Franken MG, Leeneman B, Gheorghe M, Uyl-de Groot CA, Haanen JBAG, van Baal PHM. A systematic literature review and network meta-analysis of effectiveness and safety outcomes in advanced melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2019; 123:58-71. [PMID: 31670077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a myriad of novel treatments entered the treatment paradigm for advanced melanoma, there is lack of head-to-head evidence. We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to estimate each treatment's relative effectiveness and safety. METHODS A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane to identify all phase III randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a time frame from January 1, 2010 to March 11, 2019. We retrieved evidence on treatment-related grade III/IV adverse events, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Evidence was synthesised using a Bayesian fixed-effect NMA. Reference treatment was dacarbazine. In accordance with RCTs, dacarbazine was pooled with temozolomide, paclitaxel and paclitaxel plus carboplatin. To increase homogeneity of the study populations, RCTs were only included if patients were not previously treated with novel treatments. RESULTS The SLR identified 28 phase III RCTs involving 14,376 patients. Nineteen and seventeen treatments were included in the effectiveness and safety NMA, respectively. For PFS, dabrafenib plus trametinib (hazard ratio [HR] PFS: 0.21) and vemurafenib plus cobimetinib (HR PFS: 0.22) were identified as most favourable treatments. Both had, however, less favourable safety profiles. Five other treatments closely followed (dabrafenib [HR PFS: 0.30], nivolumab plus ipilimumab [HR PFS: 0.34], vemurafenib [HR PFS: 0.38], nivolumab [HR PFS: 0.42] and pembrolizumab [HR PFS: 0.46]). In contrast, for OS, nivolumab plus ipilimumab (HR OS: 0.39), nivolumab (HR OS: 0.46) and pembrolizumab (HR OS: 0.50) were more favourable than dabrafenib plus trametinib (HR OS: 0.55) and vemurafenib plus cobimetinib (HR OS: 0.57). CONCLUSIONS Our NMA identified the most effective treatment options for advanced melanoma and provided valuable insights into each novel treatment's relative effectiveness and safety. This information may facilitate evidence-based decision-making and may support the optimisation of treatment and outcomes in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet G Franken
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Brenda Leeneman
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Gheorghe
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carin A Uyl-de Groot
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John B A G Haanen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter H M van Baal
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
Aims: Health utilities summarize a patient's overall health status. This study estimated utilities based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (QLQ-C30), a widely used measure of health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) in oncology, using published mapping algorithms. Materials and methods: Data were from the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) in Lung Cancer Trial of brigatinib (ALTA; NCT02094573), an open-label, international, phase 2 study. ALTA evaluated the efficacy and safety of two randomized dosing regimens of brigatinib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic ALK + non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that had progressed on prior therapy with crizotinib. QLQ-C30 scores were mapped to European Quality-of-Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) utility scores using two published algorithms (Khan et al. for EQ-5D-5L; Longworth et al. for EQ-5D-3L). The impact of brigatinib treatment on health utilities over time was assessed. Results: The analysis included 208 subjects. Mean baseline utility scores for both algorithms ranged between 0.60 - 0.71 and increased to 0.78 by cycle 5. Utility improvements were sustained during most of the treatment, before disease progression. Minor variations were observed between utility scores; Khan et al. estimates were approximately 0.01 or 0.02 points lower than Longworth et al. estimates. Limitations: Algorithms considered were limited to those available in the published literature at the time of the study. This utility analysis was exploratory, and the ALTA trial did not include an internal control group (i.e. standard of care) and was not powered to detect differences in QoL/utility outcomes between treatment arms. Conclusions: Converting QLQ-C30 scores into utilities in trials using established mapping algorithms can improve evaluation of medicines from the patient perspective. Both algorithms suggested that brigatinib improved health utility in crizotinib-refractory ALK + NSCLC patients, and improvements were maintained during most of the treatment. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02094573.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Kerstein
- b Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Cambridge , MA , USA , a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Joice Huang
- b Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Cambridge , MA , USA , a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Hui Huang
- b Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Cambridge , MA , USA , a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Pingkuan Zhang
- b Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Cambridge , MA , USA , a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Huamao M Lin
- b Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Cambridge , MA , USA , a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
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16
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Li G, Chan YL, Sukjamnong S, Anwer AG, Vindin H, Padula M, Zakarya R, George J, Oliver BG, Saad S, Chen H. A Mitochondrial Specific Antioxidant Reverses Metabolic Dysfunction and Fatty Liver Induced by Maternal Cigarette Smoke in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071669. [PMID: 31330878 PMCID: PMC6682890 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal smoking leads to glucose and lipid metabolic disorders and hepatic damage in the offspring, potentially due to mitochondrial oxidative stress. Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) is a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant with high bioavailability. This study aimed to examine the impact of maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) on offspring’s metabolic profile and hepatic damage, and whether maternal MitoQ supplementation during gestation can affect these changes. Female Balb/c mice (eight weeks) were either exposed to air or SE for six weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. A subset of the SE dams were supplied with MitoQ in the drinking water (500 µmol/L) during gestation and lactation. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed in the male offspring at 12 weeks and the livers and plasma were collected at 13 weeks. Maternal SE induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, mitochondrial oxidative stress and related damage in the adult offspring. Maternal MitoQ supplementation reduced hepatic mitochondrial oxidative stress and improved markers of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. This may restore hepatic mitochondrial health and was associated with an amelioration of glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and pathological changes induced by maternal SE. MitoQ supplementation may potentially prevent metabolic dysfunction and hepatic pathology induced by intrauterine SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Suporn Sukjamnong
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Howard Vindin
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Matthew Padula
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Razia Zakarya
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China.
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Tugnait M, Gupta N, Hanley MJ, Sonnichsen D, Kerstein D, Dorer DJ, Venkatakrishnan K, Narasimhan N. Effects of Strong CYP2C8 or CYP3A Inhibition and CYP3A Induction on the Pharmacokinetics of Brigatinib, an Oral Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitor, in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2019; 9:214-223. [PMID: 31287236 PMCID: PMC7027746 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In vitro data support involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C8 and CYP3A4 in the metabolism of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor brigatinib. A 3‐arm, open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, fixed‐sequence crossover study was conducted to characterize the effects of the strong inhibitors gemfibrozil (of CYP2C8) and itraconazole (of CYP3A) and the strong inducer rifampin (of CYP3A) on the single‐dose pharmacokinetics of brigatinib. Healthy subjects (n = 20 per arm) were administered a single dose of brigatinib (90 mg, arms 1 and 2; 180 mg, arm 3) alone in treatment period 1 and coadministered with multiple doses of gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily (BID; arm 1), itraconazole 200 mg BID (arm 2), or rifampin 600 mg daily (QD; arm 3) in period 2. Compared with brigatinib alone, coadministration of gemfibrozil with brigatinib did not meaningfully affect brigatinib area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC0–inf; geometric least‐squares mean [LSM] ratio [90%CI], 0.88 [0.83‐0.94]). Coadministration of itraconazole with brigatinib increased AUC0–inf (geometric LSM ratio [90%CI], 2.01 [1.84‐2.20]). Coadministration of rifampin with brigatinib substantially reduced AUC0–inf (geometric LSM ratio [90%CI], 0.20 [0.18‐0.21]) compared with brigatinib alone. The treatments were generally tolerated. Based on these results, strong CYP3A inhibitors and inducers should be avoided during brigatinib treatment. If concomitant use of a strong CYP3A inhibitor is unavoidable, the results of this study support a dose reduction of brigatinib by approximately 50%. Furthermore, CYP2C8 is not a meaningful determinant of brigatinib clearance, and no dose modifications are needed during coadministration of brigatinib with CYP2C8 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Tugnait
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inca wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedMAUSA
| | - Neeraj Gupta
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inca wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedMAUSA
| | - Michael J. Hanley
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inca wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedMAUSA
| | | | - David Kerstein
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inca wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedMAUSA
| | - David J. Dorer
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inca wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedMAUSA
| | - Karthik Venkatakrishnan
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inca wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedMAUSA
| | - Narayana Narasimhan
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inca wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedMAUSA
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18
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Addeo R, Lamberti G, Simonetti G, Iodice P, Marinelli A, Montella L, Cappabianca S, Gaviani P, Caraglia M, Prete SD, Silvani A. Biweekly fotemustine schedule for recurrent glioblastoma in the elderly: activity and toxicity assessment of a multicenter study. CNS Oncol 2019; 8:CNS32. [PMID: 31290692 PMCID: PMC6713024 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of alternative fotemustine administration schedule in elderly patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Patients & methods: Patients aged >65 years with recurrent glioblastoma received fotemustine (80 mg/m2; days 1, 15, 30, 45 and 60, and subsequently every 4 weeks). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months. Main secondary end point was safety. Results: 58 patients were enrolled at two centers. PFS at 6 months was 47% (27 patients) and overall response rate was 29%. Median PFS and survival were 6 and 7 months, respectively, and longer in responders versus nonresponders. No grade 3-4 hematological toxicities occurred. Conclusion: The alternative fotemustine administration schedule was an effective and safe treatment for recurrent glioblastoma in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Addeo
- Medical Oncology Unit, ‘San Giovanni di Dio’ Hospital, A.S.L. Napoli 2 Nord, Frattamaggiore (Naples), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Iodice
- Medical Oncology Unit, ‘San Giovanni di Dio’ Hospital, A.S.L. Napoli 2 Nord, Frattamaggiore (Naples), Italy
| | - Alfredo Marinelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Liliana Montella
- Medical Oncology Unit, ‘San Giovanni di Dio’ Hospital, A.S.L. Napoli 2 Nord, Frattamaggiore (Naples), Italy
| | - Salvatore Cappabianca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Gaviani
- Neuro Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS ‘Carlo Besta’, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Del Prete
- Medical Oncology Unit, ‘San Giovanni di Dio’ Hospital, A.S.L. Napoli 2 Nord, Frattamaggiore (Naples), Italy
| | - Antonio Silvani
- Neuro Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS ‘Carlo Besta’, Milano, Italy
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19
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Reckamp K, Lin HM, Huang J, Proskorovsky I, Reichmann W, Krotneva S, Kerstein D, Huang H, Lee J. Comparative efficacy of brigatinib versus ceritinib and alectinib in patients with crizotinib-refractory anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:569-576. [PMID: 30286627 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1520696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brigatinib, ceritinib, and alectinib are approved to treat crizotinib-refractory anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but no trial has compared them head-to-head. A matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) was conducted to estimate the relative efficacy of these agents in the crizotinib-refractory setting. METHODS MAIC is a propensity score-type method that adjusts for differences in baseline characteristics between trials to estimate relative efficacy. Analyses were based on patient-level data from the ALTA trial for brigatinib and published summary-level trial data from ASCEND-1 and ASCEND-2 for ceritinib and NP28761 and NP28673 for alectinib. Objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared. RESULTS After matching, all key baseline characteristics were balanced between trials. Compared with ceritinib, brigatinib was associated with longer PFS (ASCEND-1: median 15.7 vs 6.9 months, hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval] = 0.38 [0.26-0.57]; ASCEND-2: median = 18.3 vs 7.2 months, HR = 0.33 [0.20-0.56]) and OS (ASCEND-1: not available; ASCEND-2: median 27.6 vs 14.9 months, HR = 0.33 [0.17-0.63]). Versus alectinib, brigatinib was associated with longer PFS (NP28761: median = 17.6 vs 8.2 months, HR = 0.56 [0.36-0.86]; NP28673: median = 17.6 vs 8.9 months, HR = 0.61 [0.40-0.93]); results for OS were inconclusive (NP28761: median = 27.6 vs 22.7 months, HR = 0.70 [0.42-1.16]; NP28673: median = 27.6 vs 26.0 months, HR = 0.66 [0.39-1.09]). ORR was similar. CONCLUSION In crizotinib-refractory ALK + NSCLC patients, relative efficacy estimates suggest brigatinib may have prolonged PFS and OS vs ceritinib and prolonged PFS vs alectinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Reckamp
- a City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Huamao M Lin
- b Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Joice Huang
- b Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | | | - William Reichmann
- b Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | | | - David Kerstein
- b Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Hui Huang
- b Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Cambridge , MA , USA
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Herma R, Wrobel D, Liegertová M, Müllerová M, Strašák T, Maly M, Semerádtová A, Štofik M, Appelhans D, Maly J. Carbosilane dendrimers with phosphonium terminal groups are low toxic non-viral transfection vectors for siRNA cell delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:51-65. [PMID: 30877030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery vectors studied in the gene therapy applications are often designed with the cationic nitrogen containing groups necessary for binding and cell release of nucleic acids. Disadvantage is a relatively high toxicity which restricts the in vivo use of such nanoparticles. Here we show, that the 3rd generation carbosilane dendrimers possessing (trimethyl)phosphonium (PMe3) groups on their periphery were able to effectively deliver the functional siRNA into the cells (B14, Cricetulus griseus), release it into the cytosol and finally to achieve up to 40% gene silencing of targeted gene (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)) with the comparable or, in some cases, even better effectivity as their ammonium counterparts. Moreover, such cationic dendrimers show relatively low in vivo toxicity as compared to their ammonium analogues when analyzed by standard fish embryo test (FET) on Danio rerio in vivo model, with LD50 = 6.26 µM after 48 h of incubation. This is more than 10-fold improvement as compared to published values for various other types of cationic dendrimers. We discuss the potential of further increase of the transfection efficiency, endosomal escape and decrease of toxicity of such non-viral vectors, based on the systematic screening of different types of substituents on central phosphonium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Herma
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Wrobel
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Liegertová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Müllerová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Semerádtová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Štofik
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
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Xu J, Chen L, Sun H, Wusiman N, Sun W, Li B, Gao Y, Kong J, Zhang D, Zhang X, Xu H, Yang X. Crosstalk between cytokinin and ethylene signaling pathways regulates leaf abscission in cotton in response to chemical defoliants. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:1525-1538. [PMID: 30715415 PMCID: PMC6411381 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Abscission is a process that allows plants to shed tissues or organs via cell separation, and occurs throughout the life cycle. Removal of leaves through the use of chemical defoliants is very important for mechanical harvesting of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). However, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the defoliation response involved is limited. In this study, RNA-seq was conducted in order to profile the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cultivars X50 (sensitive to chemical defoliants) and X33 (relatively insensitive) at different time points after treatment with thidiazuron and ethephon (TE). A total of 2434 DEGs were identified between the two cultivars across the different time-points. Functional categories according to GO and KEGG analyses revealed that plant hormone signal transduction and zeatin biosynthesis were involved in the response to TE. Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) genes and ethylene-related genes were up-regulated following TE treatment, and were associated with increased level of ethylene, especially in cultivar X50. Down-regulation of GhCKX3 resulted in delayed defoliation and a reduced ethylene response. The results show that crosstalk between cytokinin and ethylene regulates cotton defoliation, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the mode of action of defoliants in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Heng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Nusireti Wusiman
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Weinan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Baoqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jie Kong
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haijiang Xu
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Correspondence: or
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Barba-Espin G, Glied-Olsen S, Dzhanfezova T, Joernsgaard B, Lütken H, Müller R. Preharvest application of ethephon and postharvest UV-B radiation improve quality traits of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) as source of colourant. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:316. [PMID: 30509181 PMCID: PMC6276243 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betanins have become excellent replacers for artificial red-purple food colourants. Red beet (Beta vulgaris L. spp. vulgaris) known as beetroot, is a rich source of betalains, which major forms are betanin (red to purple) and vulgaxanthin (yellow). Betalains and phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites, accumulation of which is often triggered by elicitors during plant stress responses. In the present study, pre-harvest applications of ethephon (an ethylene-releasing compound) and postharvest UV-B radiation were tested as elicitors of betalains and phenolic compounds in two beetroot cultivars. Their effects on quality parameters were investigated, and the expression of biosynthetic betalain genes in response to ethephon was determined. RESULTS Ethephon was applied as foliar spray during the growth of beetroot, resulting in increased betanin (22.5%) and decreased soluble solids contents (9.4%), without detrimental effects on beetroot yield. The most rapid accumulation rate for betanin and soluble solids was observed between 3 and 6 weeks after sowing in both untreated and ethephon-treated beetroots. Overall, the expression of the betalain biosynthetic genes (CYP76AD1, CYP76AD5, CYP76AD6 and DODA1), determining the formation of both betanin and vulgaxanthin, increased in response to ethephon treatment, as did the expression of the betalain pathway activator BvMYB1. In the postharvest environment, the use of short-term UV-B radiation (1.23 kJ m- 2) followed by storages for 3 and 7 days at 15 °C resulted in increased betanin to vulgaxanthin ratio (51%) and phenolic content (15%). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide novel strategies to improve key profitability traits in betalain production. High betanin concentration and high betanin to vulgaxanthin ratio increase the commercial value of the colourant product. In addition, lowering soluble solids levels facilitates higher concentration of beetroot colour during processing. Moreover, we show that enhanced betanin content in ethephon-treated beetroots is linked to increased expression of betalain biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Barba-Espin
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, Grupo de Biotecnología de Frutales, Departamento de Mejora Vegetal, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Alle 9-13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Stephan Glied-Olsen
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Alle 9-13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Tsaneta Dzhanfezova
- Natural Colors Division, Chr. Hansen A/S, Agern Allé 24, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Joernsgaard
- Natural Colors Division, Chr. Hansen A/S, Agern Allé 24, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lütken
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Alle 9-13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Renate Müller
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Alle 9-13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
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Almasi A, Zarei M, Raoufi S, Sarihi A, Salehi I, Komaki A, Hashemi-Firouzi N, Shahidi S. Influence of hippocampal GABA B receptor inhibition on memory in rats with acute β-amyloid toxicity. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1859-1867. [PMID: 30039187 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is involved in the process of memory. It has been reported that the inhibition of GABAB receptors has beneficial effects on cognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CGP35348 (a GABAB receptor antagonist) on dentate gyrus GABAB receptor inhibition and its effects on learning and memory impairments that had been induced in adult male rats by microinjection of β-amyloid (Aβ). Seventy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control, sham (receiving the Aβ vehicle only), Aβ, Aβ + CGP35348 (1, 10, and 100 μg/μL), and CGP35348 alone (10 μg/μL). Memory impairment was induced by unilateral interventricular microinjection of Aβ (6 μg/6 μL). Rats were cannulated bilaterally in the dentate gyrus, and then, they were treated for 20 consecutive days. Learning and memory were assessed using the novel object recognition and passive avoidance learning tests. The discrimination index and the step-through latency were significantly increased in the Aβ + CGP35348 group in comparison to the Aβ only group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Data showed that the discrimination index was decreased in the Aβ + CGP35348 group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05) and sham group (P < 0.01). Moreover, the step-through latency was significantly decreased in the Aβ + CGP35348 group in comparison to the control and sham groups (P < 0.01). Data from this study indicated that intra-hippocampal microinjection of the GABAB receptor antagonist counteracts the learning, memory, and cognitive impairments induced by Aβ. It can be concluded that the GABAB receptor antagonist is a possible therapeutic agent against the progression of acute Aβ toxicity-induced memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Almasi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Safoura Raoufi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Liang X, Xu S, Zhang J, Li J, Shen Q. Cascade Amplifiers of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Based on Mitochondria-Targeted Core-Shell ZnO-TPP@D/H Nanorods for Breast Cancer Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:38749-38759. [PMID: 30339356 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells are vulnerable to reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it is still a challenge to induce ROS efficiently in tumor cells. In this study, cascade amplifiers of intracellular ROS based on charge-reversible mitochondria-targeted ZnO-TPP@D/H nanorods (NRs) were first developed for breast cancer therapy. The core-shell ZnO-TPP@D/H NR with a particle size of 179.60 ± 5.67 nm was composed of a core of a ZnO NR, an inner shell of triphenyl phosphonium (TPP), and an outer shell of heparin. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded on ZnO-TPP@D/H NRs with high drug loading efficiency of 22.00 ± 0.18%. The zeta potential of ZnO-TPP@D/H NRs varied from 24.00 ± 0.83 to -34.06 ± 0.87 mV after heparin coating, protecting ZnO-TPP@D/H NRs from nonspecific adsorption in circulation. Mitochondrial targeting was achieved after the degradation of heparin. Cellular uptake assays showed that ZnO-TPP@D/H NRs could accumulate in mitochondria. ROS generation assays showed that ZnO-TPP@D/H NRs could triple the intracellular ROS in 4T1 cells (highly metastatic breast cancer cells) than free DOX. Western blot demonstrated that ZnO-TPP@D/H NRs dramatically induced cell apoptosis in 4T1 cells. In vivo experiments suggested the antitumor potential of ZnO-TPP@D/H NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Shumao Xu
- School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
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Marinelli A, Lamberti G, Cerbone L, Cordua N, Buonerba C, Peluso G, Di Lorenzo G, De Placido S. High-dose fotemustine in temozolomide-pretreated glioblastoma multiforme patients: A phase I/II trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11254. [PMID: 29979390 PMCID: PMC6076126 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rare and deadly disease, with a reported average incidence rate of 3.19 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Fotemustine, a third-generation nitrosourea with an alanine phosphor carrier that facilitates cellular penetration, has been extensively investigated in the setting of recurrent/progressive disease after initial treatment. Fotemustine is usually administered following a schedule consisting of 3 doses every week, followed by maintenance doses administered every 3 weeks. METHODS In this phase I/II trial, we aimed to assess whether the use of a biweekly regimen allowed administration of higher dose than the standard 100 mg/m dose approved per label indication in a population of patients with recurrent GBM. In this phase I/II trial, fotemustine was administered intravenously over 1 hour every 2 weeks at either 120 or 140 mg/m doses for up to 1 year, until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient's request to withdraw from the study. The phase I part of the trial was conducted following the classic 3+3 study design. The phase II part of the trial was a single-arm study. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of patients who had not progressed after 24 weeks (PFS-24). RESULTS Thirty-seven patients were enrolled in this phase I/II trial from August 2006 to November 2011. Treatment was well tolerated in the overall population. Main severe toxicity was grades 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia, which occurred in 4 of 6 patients treated at the 140 mg/m dose level and in 3 of 31 patients treated at 120 mg/m. Median PFS and overall survival were 12.1 (1-40.2) weeks and 19.7 (1-102) weeks, respectively. CONCLUSION We conclude that fotemustine can be safely administered at 120 mg/m biweekly. The efficacy of such modified schedule and doses should be compared to the biweekly schedule at 80 mg and the standard weekly schedule at 80 to 100 mg/m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Marinelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples
- IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli
| | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples
| | - Luigi Cerbone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples
| | - Nadia Cordua
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples
| | | | - Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples
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Imai Y, Fink BD, Promes JA, Kulkarni CA, Kerns RJ, Sivitz WI. Effect of a mitochondrial-targeted coenzyme Q analog on pancreatic β-cell function and energetics in high fat fed obese mice. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00393. [PMID: 29864244 PMCID: PMC5980123 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that mitoquinone (mitoQ, 500 μmol/L) added to drinking water of C57BL/6J mice attenuated weight gain and reduced oxidative stress when administered to high-fat (HF) fed mice. Here, we examined the effects of mitoQ administered to HF fed mice on pancreatic islet morphology, dynamics of insulin secretion, and islet mitochondrial metabolism. C57BL/6J mice were fed HF for 130 days while we administered vehicle (cyclodextrin [CD]) or mitoQ added to the drinking water at up to 500 μmol/L. MitoQ-treated mice vs vehicle gained significantly less weight, expended significantly more energy as determined by indirect calorimetry, and trended to consume less (nonsignificant) food. As we and others reported before, mitoQ-treated mice drank less water but showed no difference in percent body fluid by nuclear magnetic resonance. Circulating insulin and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by isolated islets were decreased in mitoQ-treated mice while insulin sensitivity (plasma insulin x glucose) was greater. Islet respiration as basal oxygen consumption (OCR), OCR directed at ATP synthesis, and maximal uncoupled OCR were also reduced in mitoQ-treated mice. Quantitative morphologic studies revealed that islet size was reduced in the mitoQ-treated mice while visual inspection of histochemically stained sections suggested that mitoQ reduced islet lipid peroxides. MitoQ markedly improved liver function as determined by plasma alanine aminotransferase. In summary, mitoQ treatment reduced the demand for insulin and reduced islet size, likely consequent to the action of mitoQ to mitigate weight gain and improve liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Imai
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Brian D. Fink
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Joseph A. Promes
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Chaitanya A. Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Robert J. Kerns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - William I. Sivitz
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIowaUSA
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27
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Brigatinib (Alunbrig) for non-small cell lung cancer. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2018; 60:e72-3. [PMID: 29667950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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28
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Hamdaoui L, Naifar M, Rahmouni F, Harrabi B, Ayadi F, Sahnoun Z, Rebai T. Subchronic exposure to kalach 360 SL-induced endocrine disruption and ovary damage in female rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:27-34. [PMID: 28708416 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1352606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Kalach 360 SL (KL), glyphosate (G) surfactant-based herbicides, is a systemic herbicide effective against weeds. It was applied in agriculture in Tunisia and throughout the world, which can represent a risk to non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and biochemical aspects of ovary injury after exposure to KL. Female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: group 1 was used as a control; group 2 orally received 0.07 ml of KL, (126 mg of G/kg) and group 3 orally received 0.175 ml of KL (315 mg of G/kg) each day for 60 days. The subchronic exposure of KL induces impaired folliculogenesis, ovary development, decreased oestrogen secretion, promoted oxidative stress and impairments of ovary histological aspects. Histological finding shows necrosis cell, vacuolisation of follicles, dissociated oocytes and granulosa cell, associated with several atretic follicles. We conclude that KL induces endocrine disruption and ovary damage in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Hamdaoui
- a Histology-Embryology Laboratory , Sfax Faculty of Medicine , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifar
- b Biochemical Laboratory , Habib Bourguiba Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Fatma Rahmouni
- a Histology-Embryology Laboratory , Sfax Faculty of Medicine , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Bahira Harrabi
- c Pharmacology Laboratory , Sfax Faculty of Medicine , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- b Biochemical Laboratory , Habib Bourguiba Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- c Pharmacology Laboratory , Sfax Faculty of Medicine , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- a Histology-Embryology Laboratory , Sfax Faculty of Medicine , Sfax , Tunisia
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29
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Monteil M, Moustaoui H, Picardi G, Aouidat F, Djaker N, de La Chapelle ML, Lecouvey M, Spadavecchia J. Polyphosphonate ligands: From synthesis to design of hybrid PEGylated nanoparticles toward phototherapy studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 513:205-213. [PMID: 29153714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of phosphonate ligands to modify the nanoparticle (NPs) surface has attracted a strong interest in the last years for the design of highly functional hybrid materials. Here, we applied a methodology to synthesize bisphosphonates having functionalized PEG side chains with a specific length in order to design a novel class of hybrid nanomaterials composed by tetraphosphonate-complex-gold COOH-terminated PEG-coated NPs (Bis-PO-PEG-AuNPs). The synthetic approach consist in three steps: (1) Complexation between new phosphonate ligands (Bis PO) and tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to form gold clusters; (2) adsorption of COOH-terminated PEG molecules (PEG) onto Bis PO-Au complex; (3) reduction of metal ions in that vicinity, growth of gold particles and colloidal stabilization. The obtained snow-shape-like hybrid nanoparticles, have been characterized by ultra-violet/visible, Raman spectroscopies, and electron microscopy imaging, involving their optical properties and photothermal activity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer cells (PDAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maelle Monteil
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Hanane Moustaoui
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Gennaro Picardi
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Fatima Aouidat
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Nadia Djaker
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Marc Lamy de La Chapelle
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France; Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marc Lecouvey
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France.
| | - Jolanda Spadavecchia
- CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France.
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Date AA, Rais R, Babu T, Ortiz J, Kanvinde P, Thomas AG, Zimmermann SC, Gadiano AJ, Halpert G, Slusher BS, Ensign LM. Local enema treatment to inhibit FOLH1/GCPII as a novel therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. J Control Release 2017; 263:132-138. [PMID: 28159515 PMCID: PMC5661937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we evaluate the potential for local administration of a small molecule FOLH1/GCPII inhibitor 2-phosphonomethyl pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA) as a novel treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We found that FOLH1/GCPII enzyme activity was increased in the colorectal tissues of mice with TNBS-induced colitis, and confirmed that 2-PMPA inhibited FOLH1/GCPII enzyme activity ex vivo. In order to maximize local enema delivery of 2-PMPA, we studied the effect of vehicle tonicity on the absorption of 2-PMPA in the colon. Local administration of 2-PMPA in a hypotonic enema vehicle resulted in increased colorectal tissue absorption at 30min compared to 2-PMPA administered in an isotonic enema vehicle. Furthermore, local delivery of 2-PMPA in hypotonic enema vehicle resulted in prolonged drug concentrations for at least 24h with minimal systemic exposure. Finally, daily treatment with the hypotonic 2-PMPA enema ameliorated macroscopic and microscopic symptoms of IBD in the TNBS-induced colitis mouse model, indicating the potential of FOLH1/GCPII inhibitors for the local treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit A Date
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Taarika Babu
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jairo Ortiz
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Pranjali Kanvinde
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ajit G Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sarah C Zimmermann
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alexandra J Gadiano
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gilad Halpert
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medicine, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Laura M Ensign
- The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Fughhi I, Campagnoli T, Ali A, Doukky R. Impact of a regimented aminophylline administration protocol on the burden of regadenoson-induced ischemia detected by SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:1571-1578. [PMID: 27233251 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients undergoing regadenoson SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), it is unknown how soon and at which dose intravenous aminophylline can be administered to reverse regadenoson-related adverse effects without blunting stress-induced myocardial ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the pooled database of the ASSUAGE and ASSUAGE-CKD trials (n = 548). These were double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials in which 75 mg of aminophylline or placebo was administered intravenously 90 seconds following 99mTc-tetrofosmin injection. There were no statistically significant differences in summed difference score (SDS) burden (P = .87) and in the rates of myocardial ischemia (SDS ≥ 2) (P = .93) between the aminophylline (n = 274) and placebo (n = 274) groups. There was no interaction between aminophylline use and SDS as a determinant of the composite endpoint of cardiac death or MI (P = .32) or the composite endpoint of cardiac death, MI, or coronary revascularization (P = .92). CONCLUSION In patients undergoing regadenoson-stress SPECT-MPI, the intravenous administration of 75 mg of aminophylline as early as 90 seconds after radioisotope injection does not seem to attenuate the burden of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtihaj Fughhi
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tania Campagnoli
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amjad Ali
- Division of Cardiology, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, 1901 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rami Doukky
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, 1901 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Rivera-Barahona A, Alonso-Barroso E, Pérez B, Murphy MP, Richard E, Desviat LR. Treatment with antioxidants ameliorates oxidative damage in a mouse model of propionic acidemia. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122:43-50. [PMID: 28774709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of propionic acidemia (PA), a life threatening disease caused by the deficiency of propionyl CoA-carboxylase, in the catabolic pathway of branched-chain amino acids, odd-number chain fatty acids and cholesterol. Patients develop multisystemic complications including seizures, extrapyramidal symptoms, basal ganglia deterioration, pancreatitis and cardiomyopathy. The accumulation of toxic metabolites results in mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage, all of which have been documented in patients' samples and in a hypomorphic mouse model. Here we set out to investigate whether treatment with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ, or with the natural polyphenol resveratrol, which is reported to have antioxidant and mitochondrial activation properties, could ameliorate the altered redox status and its functional consequences in the PA mouse model. The results show that oral treatment with MitoQ or resveratrol decreases lipid peroxidation and the expression levels of DNA repair enzyme OGG1 in PA mouse liver, as well as inducing tissue-specific changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Notably, treatment decreased the cardiac hypertrophy marker BNP that is found upregulated in the PA mouse heart. Overall, the results provide in vivo evidence to justify more in depth investigations of antioxidants as adjuvant therapy in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Alonso-Barroso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Eva Richard
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes R Desviat
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), CIBERER, IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
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Tang Q, Nagaya T, Liu Y, Lin J, Sato K, Kobayashi H, Chen Y. Real-time monitoring of microdistribution of antibody-photon absorber conjugates during photoimmunotherapy in vivo. J Control Release 2017; 260:154-163. [PMID: 28601576 PMCID: PMC5726775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging low side effect cancer therapy based on a monoclonal antibody (mAb) conjugated with a near-infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye IRDye 700DX. IR700 is fluorescent, can be used as an imaging agent, and also is phototoxic. It induces rapid cell death after exposure to NIR light. PIT induces highly selective cancer cell death, while leaving most of tumor blood vessels unharmed, leading to an effect called super-enhanced permeability and retention (SUPR). SUPR significantly improves the effectiveness of the anticancer drug. Currently, the therapeutic effects of PIT are monitored using the IR700 fluorescent signal based on macroscopic fluorescence reflectance imagery. This technique, however, lacks the resolution and depth information to reveal the intratumor heterogeneity of mAb-IR700 distribution. We applied a minimally invasive two-channel fluorescence fiber imaging system by combining the traditional fluorescence imaging microscope with two imaging fiber bundles (~0.85mm). This method monitored mAb-IR700 distribution and therapeutic effects during PIT at different intratumor locations (e.g., tumor surface vs. deep tumor) in situ and in real time simultaneously. This enabled evaluation of the therapeutic effects in vivo and treatment regimens. The average IR700 fluorescence intensity recovery after PIT to the tumor surface is 91.50%, while it is 100.63% in deep tumors. To verify the results, two-photon microscopy combined with a microprism was also used to record the mAb-IR700 distribution and fluorescence intensity of green fluorescent protein (GFP) at different tumor depths during PIT. After PIT treatment, there was significantly higher IR700 fluorescence recovery in deep tumor than in the tumor surface. This phenomenon can be explained by increased vascular permeability immediately after NIR-PIT. Fluorescence intensity of GFP at the tumor surface decreased significantly more compared to that of deep tumor and in controls (no PIT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggong Tang
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2218 Jeong H.Kim Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute, Molecular Imaging Program, Bldg 10, Room B3B69, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2218 Jeong H.Kim Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Jonathan Lin
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2218 Jeong H.Kim Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Kazuhide Sato
- National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute, Molecular Imaging Program, Bldg 10, Room B3B69, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, United States
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute, Molecular Imaging Program, Bldg 10, Room B3B69, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, United States.
| | - Yu Chen
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2218 Jeong H.Kim Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
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Mohney BG, Elner VM, Smith AB, Harbour JW, Smith BD, Musch DC, Smith SJ. Preclinical Acute Ocular Safety Study of Combined Intravitreal Carboplatin and Etoposide Phosphate for Retinoblastoma. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2017; 48:151-159. [PMID: 28195618 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20170130-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To describe the ocular toxicity of intravitreal carboplatin and etoposide phosphate (VP16P) in Dutch-Belted rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two adult male Dutch-Belted rabbits (Cohort 1) each received a single, bilateral intravitreal injection (0.05 mL). For Cohort 1, safety was assessed via electroretinograms (ERGs) and ocular examination. Of nine total groups in Cohort 1, the first five received the following single agents: Group 1: normal saline; Group 2: VP16P 75 µg; Group 3: VP16P 100 µg; Group 4: carboplatin 4 µg; and Group 5: carboplatin 8 µg. Groups 6 through 9 received the following combination of carboplatin/ VP16P, respectively: Group 6: 8 µg/75 µg, Group 7: 8 µg/50 µg, Group 8: 4 µg/50 µg, and Group 9: 2 µg/25 µg. Cohort 2 consisted of 15 Dutch-Belted rabbits in seven groups (Groups 10 through 16), each receiving a single, bilateral intravitreal injection. For Cohort 2, safety was assessed via histopathology. RESULTS Groups 2 through 8 demonstrated a statistically significant decrease (relative to Group 1) in at least one ERG waveform amplitude obtained 4 weeks postinjection (P < .05). Group 9 (carbo 2 µg/VP16P 25 µg) did not manifest ERG toxicity. Fundoscopic toxicity consisted of slight-to-moderate attenuation of vessels in rabbits receiving doses above carbo 4 µg/VP16P 50 µg. Histopathologic retinal toxicity (Cohort 2) was dose-dependent, ranging from full-thickness atrophy in rabbits receiving the highest dose to normal in rabbits receiving carbo 2 µg/VP16P 25 µg. CONCLUSIONS Combined carboplatin and VP16P may be compatible for intravitreal injection therapy, and a single dose of 2 µg/25 µg appears to be safe in a rabbit model. These agents may be a safer alternative to intravitreal melphalan (Alkeran; GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, United Kingdom) for the treatment of vitreous seeds in retinoblastoma. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:151-159.].
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Lecchi M, Martinelli I, Zoccarato O, Maioli C, Lucignani G, Del Sole A. Comparative analysis of full-time, half-time, and quarter-time myocardial ECG-gated SPECT quantification in normal-weight and overweight patients. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:876-887. [PMID: 26911365 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of a camera-based dose-reduction strategy in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) clinical setting entails the definition of objective and reproducible criteria for establishing the amount of activity to be injected. AIM The aim is to evaluate the impact of count statistics on the estimation of summed-scores (SS), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF). METHODS Data rest/stress ECG-gated SPECT (2-day protocol and 8 MBq·kg-1) were acquired with Bright View gamma camera and Astonish algorithm for 40 normal-weight and 40 overweight patients. Assuming that count statistics of shorter acquisition time may simulate that of lower injected activity, three simultaneous scans (full-time, half-time, and quarter-time scans) were started at the same time but with different acquisition time/projection (30, 15 and 8 seconds). RESULTS A significant difference between SS values of half-time and quarter-time stress scans was found for overweight group (P = .006). Post hoc test showed significant differences for ESV (P < .05), EDV (P < .01) and EF (P < .05) between half-time and quarter-time scans for both patient groups. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of the count-statistics to a quarter of the MPI reference influenced negatively the quantification in overweight patients. The decrease of radiopharmaceutical activity to 25% of the reference seems practicable for normal-weight patients, while it is more appropriate an activity reduction limited to 50% for overweight and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lecchi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - I Martinelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - O Zoccarato
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - C Maioli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Del Sole
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
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Kassi E, Kapsali I, Kokkinos M, Gogas H. Treatment of severe hypocalcaemia due to osteoblastic metastases in a patient with post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism with 153Sm-EDTMP. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-219354. [PMID: 28512123 PMCID: PMC5753734 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic hypocalcaemia is an uncommon finding in patients with malignant tumours. We describe a patient with advanced metastatic breast cancer who developed severe hypocalcaemia caused by the combination of osteoblastic metastases and a permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The patient failed to be treated with the conventional replacement therapy and was submitted effectively to radionucleotide therapy with 153Sm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kassi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ifigeneia Kapsali
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Kokkinos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Gogas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Boyé P, Serres F, Marescaux L, Hordeaux J, Bouchaert E, Gomes B, Tierny D. Dose escalation study to evaluate safety, tolerability and efficacy of intravenous etoposide phosphate administration in 27 dogs with multicentric lymphoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177486. [PMID: 28505195 PMCID: PMC5432161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative oncology has shown that naturally occurring canine cancers are of valuable and translatable interest for the understanding of human cancer biology and the characterization of new therapies. This work was part of a comparative oncology project assessing a new, clinical-stage topoisomerase II inhibitor and comparing it with etoposide in dogs with spontaneous lymphoma with the objective to translate findings from dogs to humans. Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor widely used in various humans' solid and hematopoietic cancer, but little data is available concerning its potential antitumor efficacy in dogs. Etoposide phosphate is a water-soluble prodrug of etoposide which is expected to be better tolerated in dogs. The objectives of this study were to assess the safety, the tolerability and the efficacy of intravenous etoposide phosphate in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Seven dose levels were evaluated in a traditional 3+3 phase I design. Twenty-seven owned-dogs with high-grade multicentric lymphoma were enrolled and treated with three cycles of etoposide phosphate IV injections every 2 weeks. Adverse effects were graded according to the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group criteria. A complete end-staging was realized 45 days after inclusion. The maximal tolerated dose was 300 mg/m2. At this dose level, the overall response rate was 83.3% (n = 6, 3 PR and 2 CR). Only a moderate reversible gastrointestinal toxicity, no severe myelotoxicity and no hypersensitivity reaction were reported at this dose level. Beyond the characterization of etoposide clinical efficacy in dogs, this study underlined the clinical and therapeutic homologies between dog and human lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Boyé
- Oncovet-Clinical-Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
- Oncovet, SIRIC ONCOLille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - François Serres
- Oncovet-Clinical-Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
- Oncovet, SIRIC ONCOLille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | | | - Juliette Hordeaux
- Oncovet-Clinical-Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | - Emmanuel Bouchaert
- Oncovet-Clinical-Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | - Bruno Gomes
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Tierny
- Oncovet-Clinical-Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
- Oncovet, SIRIC ONCOLille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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Elzeny H, Zhang F, Ali EN, Fathi HA, Zhang S, Li R, El-Mokhtar MA, Hamad MA, Wooley KL, Elsabahy M. Polyphosphoester nanoparticles as biodegradable platform for delivery of multiple drugs and siRNA. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:483-496. [PMID: 28260861 PMCID: PMC5327906 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s128503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of multiple therapeutics and/or diagnostic agents to diseased tissues is challenging and necessitates the development of multifunctional platforms. Among the various strategies for design of multifunctional nanocarriers, biodegradable polyphosphoester (PPE) polymers have been recently synthesized via a rapid and simple synthetic strategy. In addition, the chemical structure of the polymer could be tuned to form nanoparticles with varying surface chemistries and charges, which have shown exceptional safety and biocompatibility as compared to several commercial agents. The purpose of this study was to exploit a mixture of PPE nanoparticles of cationic and neutral surface charges for multiple delivery of anticancer drugs (ie, sorafenib and paclitaxel) and nucleic acids (ie, siRNA). Cationic PPE polymers could efficiently complex siRNA, and the stability of the nanoparticles could be maintained in physiological solutions and upon freeze-drying and were able to deliver siRNA in vivo when injected intravenously in mice. Commercially available cationic polyethylenimine polymer had LD50 of ca. 61.7 mg/kg in mice, whereas no animal died after injection of the cationic PPE polymer at a dose of >130 mg/kg. Neutral PPE nanoparticles were able to encapsulate two hydrophobic drugs, namely, sorafenib and paclitaxel, which are commonly used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mixing the neutral and cationic PPE nanoparticles did not result in any precipitation, and the size characteristics of both types of nanoparticles were maintained. Hence, PPE polymers might have potential for the delivery of multiple drugs and diagnostic agents to diseased tissues via simple synthesis of the individual polymers and assembly into nanoparticles that can host several drugs while being mixed in the same administration set, which is of importance for industrial and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Elzeny
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Esraa N Ali
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba A Fathi
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Richen Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Mostafa A Hamad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut
- Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
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Abstract
Results from a phase I/II trial indicate that the investigational ALK inhibitor brigatinib is active in patients with ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Patients who had previously received crizotinib-as well as those who hadn't-responded to the drug, which was also active in patients with brain metastases.
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Garcia PV, Seiva FRF, Carniato AP, de Mello Júnior W, Duran N, Macedo AM, de Oliveira AG, Romih R, Nunes IDS, Nunes ODS, Fávaro WJ. Increased toll-like receptors and p53 levels regulate apoptosis and angiogenesis in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: mechanism of action of P-MAPA biological response modifier. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:422. [PMID: 27389279 PMCID: PMC4937612 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new modalities for treating patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for whom BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) has failed or is contraindicated are recently increasing due to the development of new drugs. Although agents like mitomycin C and BCG are routinely used, there is a need for more potent and/or less-toxic agents. In this scenario, a new perspective is represented by P-MAPA (Protein Aggregate Magnesium-Ammonium Phospholinoleate-Palmitoleate Anhydride), developed by Farmabrasilis (non-profit research network). This study detailed and characterized the mechanisms of action of P-MAPA based on activation of mediators of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 signaling pathways and p53 in regulating angiogenesis and apoptosis in an animal model of NMIBC, as well as, compared these mechanisms with BCG treatment. RESULTS Our results demonstrated the activation of the immune system by BCG (MyD88-dependent pathway) resulted in increased inflammatory cytokines. However, P-MAPA intravesical immunotherapy led to distinct activation of TLRs 2 and 4-mediated innate immune system, resulting in increased interferons signaling pathway (TRIF-dependent pathway), which was more effective in the NMIBC treatment. Interferon signaling pathway activation induced by P-MAPA led to increase of iNOS protein levels, resulting in apoptosis and histopathological recovery. Additionally, P-MAPA immunotherapy increased wild-type p53 protein levels. The increased wild-type p53 protein levels were fundamental to NO-induced apoptosis and the up-regulation of BAX. Furthermore, interferon signaling pathway induction and increased p53 protein levels by P-MAPA led to important antitumor effects, not only suppressing abnormal cell proliferation, but also by preventing continuous expansion of tumor mass through suppression of angiogenesis, which was characterized by decreased VEGF and increased endostatin protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Thus, P-MAPA immunotherapy could be considered an important therapeutic strategy for NMIBC, as well as, opens a new perspective for treatment of patients that are refractory or resistant to BCG intravesical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vianna Garcia
- />Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. BOX 6109, zip code 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Pocol Carniato
- />Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. BOX 6109, zip code 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Wilson de Mello Júnior
- />Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Nelson Duran
- />Farmabrasilis R&D Division, Campinas, SP Brazil
- />NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Gabarra de Oliveira
- />Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
- />Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP Brazil
| | - Rok Romih
- />Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Wagner José Fávaro
- />Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. BOX 6109, zip code 13083-865 Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
- />Farmabrasilis R&D Division, Campinas, SP Brazil
- />NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
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Lin CC, Yeh LT, Vitarella D, Hong Z, Erion MD. Remofovir Mesylate: A Prodrug of PMEA with Improved Liver-Targeting and Safety in Rats and Monkeys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 15:307-17. [PMID: 15646644 DOI: 10.1177/095632020401500603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera™), a first-line therapy for chronic hepatitis B, is an esterase-activated prodrug of PMEA. Dose-limiting nephrotoxicity necessitates suboptimal dosing at 10 mg/day. Remofovir mesylate (MB06866Q) (Hepavir B) is a CYP3A4-activated prodrug of PMEA based on the HepDirect™ technology that targets PMEA to the liver. In a whole body autoradiography study in rats after oral dosing (30 mg/kg) of [14C]adefovir dipivoxil or [14C]remofovir mesylate, remofovir yielded 15 times higher concentrations of radioactivity in the liver than adefovir dipivoxil, but only one-third of the concentrations in the kidney. After oral dosing (4 mg/kg) of the same radiolabelled agents in cynomolgus monkeys, remofovir mesylate yielded 60 times higher levels of total radioactivity in the liver, but only two-thirds of total radioactivity levels in the kidney. Thus, remofovir mesylate may provide better efficacy and reduced nephrotoxicity. In portal vein-cannulated rats (30 mg/kg) after a single oral dose of [14C]adefovir dipivoxil or [14C]remofovir mesylate, no PMEA was detectable in rat portal plasma early after dosing, indicating that intestinal CYP3A4 does not play a role in conversion of remofovir mesylate to PMEA. The portal/systemic extraction ratio was quite high in both models, suggesting good liver-targeting properties. Portal and systemic remofovir/PMEA ratio indicates that the liver is the site of conversion of remofovir to PMEA. 28-Day toxicity studies demonstrated renal toxicity in rats at doses of 100 mg/kg or higher with no safety concerns at 30 mg/kg and acceptable safety in monkeys at doses up to 60 mg/kg. Thus, in rats and non-human primates, remofovir mesylate has liver-targeting properties and is safer than adefovir dipivoxil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chung Lin
- Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Costa Mesa, Calif., USA.
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Kim SH, Lim SR, Hong SJ, Cho BK, Lee H, Lee CG, Choi HK. Effect of Ethephon as an Ethylene-Releasing Compound on the Metabolic Profile of Chlorella vulgaris. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:4807-4816. [PMID: 27213977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was treated with ethephon at low (50 μM) and high (200 μM) concentrations in medium and harvested at 0, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The presence of ethephon led to significant metabolic changes in C. vulgaris, with significantly higher levels of α-tocopherol, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), asparagine, and proline, but lower levels of glycine, citrate, and galactose relative to control. Ethephon induced increases in saturated fatty acids but decreases in unsaturated fatty acids. The levels of highly saturated sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol species and palmitic acid bound phospholipids were increased on day 7 of ethephon treatment. Among the metabolites, the productivities of α-tocopherol (0.70 μg/L/day) and GABA (1.90 μg/L/day) were highest for 50 and 200 μM ethephon on day 7, respectively. We propose that ethephon treatment involves various metabolic processes in C. vulgaris and can be an efficient way to enrich the contents of α-tocopherol and GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Rang Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joo Hong
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University , Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Choul-Gyun Lee
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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Patel H, Joshi A, Joshi A, Stagni G. Transdermal Delivery of Etoposide Phosphate I: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2114-22. [PMID: 27233689 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy frequently requires long periods of multiple intravenous infusions that often results in patients opting out of treatment. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of delivering one of these anticancer agents: etoposide phosphate (ETP) transdermally using iontophoresis and a combination of iontophoresis/microporation. The iontophoresis conditions for ETP were first optimized in vitro then tested in vivo in a rabbit model. Both ETP and its active form etoposide (VP) were quantified in dermis (via microdialysis sampling) and in plasma, with a specially developed high-performance liquid chromatography method. In vitro, the amount of total etoposide permeated and the steady state flux increased (p < 0.05) with increase in iontophoretic current densities (100-400 μA/cm(2)). At 300 μA/cm(2), microporation/iontophoresis further improved both parameters by 2- and 2.8-fold, respectively. In vivo, exposure increased proportionally to current density in plasma, whereas dermal concentration dropped significantly at the highest current density. Microporation led to a 50% increase in Cmax and AUClast values in both skin and plasma. In conclusion, a mild current density (300 μA/cm(2)) and a small surface area (10.1 cm(2)) achieved and maintained the minimum effective concentration for the entire duration of electrical current delivery; microporation further increased the plasma concentrations at the same current density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiren Patel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Abhay Joshi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Amit Joshi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Grazia Stagni
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201.
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Park JB, Nagar H, Choi S, Jung SB, Kim HW, Kang SK, Lee JW, Lee JH, Park JW, Irani K, Jeon BH, Song HJ, Kim CS. IDH2 deficiency impairs mitochondrial function in endothelial cells and endothelium-dependent vasomotor function. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:36-46. [PMID: 26898144 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) plays an essential role protecting cells against oxidative stress-induced damage. A deficiency in IDH2 leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes and cancer cells. However, the function of IDH2 in vascular endothelial cells is mostly unknown. In this study the effects of IDH2 deficiency on mitochondrial and vascular function were investigated in endothelial cells. IDH2 knockdown decreased the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes I, II and III, which lead to increased mitochondrial superoxide. In addition, the levels of fission and fusion proteins (Mfn-1, OPA-1, and Drp-1) were significantly altered and MnSOD expression also was decreased by IDH2 knockdown. Furthermore, knockdown of IDH2 decreased eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide (NO) concentration in endothelial cells. Interestingly, treatment with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondrial-specific superoxide scavenger, recovered mitochondrial fission-fusion imbalance and blunted mitochondrial superoxide production, and reduced the IDH2 knockdown-induced decrease in MnSOD expression, eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in endothelial cells. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was impaired, and the concentration of bioavailable NO decreased in the aortic ring in IDH2 knockout mice. These findings suggest that IDH2 deficiency induces endothelial dysfunction through the induction of dynamic mitochondrial changes and impairment in vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Bum Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Harsha Nagar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Department of Endocrinology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Kwang Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Wan Lee
- Emergency ICU, Regional Emergency Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Song
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cuk-Seong Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea.
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Nagaya T, Nakamura Y, Sato K, Harada T, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Improved micro-distribution of antibody-photon absorber conjugates after initial near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT). J Control Release 2016; 232:1-8. [PMID: 27059723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), a targeted cancer therapy which uses an antibody-photo absorber conjugate (APC) and near infrared light exposure, dramatically improves nano-drug delivery into treated tumor beds due to enhanced vascular permeability. We investigated the micro-distribution of APCs in a variety of NIR-PIT treated tumors. Either cetuximab (cet) or trastuzumab (tra) conjugated with IR700 (cet-tra-IR700) was administered, as appropriate, to each mouse model of tumor. Tumor-bearing mice implanted with A431-GFP, MDAMB468-GFP, 3T3Her2-GFP or N87-GFP were separated into 5 groups: group 1=no treatment; group 2=cet-tra-IR700 i.v., no light exposure; group 3=cet-tra-IR700 i.v., NIR light exposure; group 4=cet-tra-IR700 i.v. and additional cet-tra-IR700 i.v. at 24h but no light exposure; group 5=cet-tra-IR700 i.v., NIR light exposure and additional cet-tra-IR700 i.v. immediately after NIR but no additional NIR light exposure. In vivo, ex vivo and microscopic fluorescence imaging was performed. Fluorescence from the surface of the tumor (s-tumor) was compared to fluorescence from deeper areas of the tumor (d-tumor). In general, there was no significant difference in the fluorescence intensity of GFP in the tumors among all groups, however the highest IR700 fluorescence intensity was consistently shown in group 5 tumors due to added APC after NIR-PIT. Fluorescence microscopy in all tumor types demonstrated that GFP relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) in s-tumor was significantly lower in group 3 and 5 (NIR-PIT groups) than in group 1, 2, and 4 (no NIR-PIT) yet there was no significant difference in d-tumor RFI among all groups. IR700 fluorescent RFI in the d-tumor was highest in group 5 (NIR-PIT+additional APC) compared to the other groups. Cell killing after NIR-PIT was primarily on the surface, however, APCs administered immediately after NIR-PIT penetrated deeper into tissue resulting in improved cell killing after a 2nd NIR-PIT session. This phenomenon is explained by increased vascular permeability immediately after NIR-PIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu Nagaya
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 United States
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 United States
| | - Kazuhide Sato
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 United States
| | - Toshiko Harada
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 United States
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 United States
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 United States.
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van Dijk JD, Jager PL, Ottervanger JP, de Boer J, Oostdijk AHJ, Engbers EM, Slump CH, Knollema S, van Dalen JA. Development and validation of a patient-tailored dose regime in myocardial perfusion imaging using conventional SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 2016; 23:134-42. [PMID: 26353751 PMCID: PMC4720700 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decreasing image quality in heavier patients can be compensated by administration of a patient-specific dose in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using a cadmium zinc telluride-based SPECT camera. Our aim was to determine if the same can be achieved when using a conventional SPECT camera. METHODS 148 patients underwent SPECT stress MPI using a fixed Tc-99m tetrofosmin tracer dose. Measured photon counts were normalized to administered tracer dose and scan time and were correlated with body weight, body mass index, and mass per length to find the best predicting parameter. From these data, a protocol to provide constant image quality was derived, and subsequently validated in 125 new patients. RESULTS Body weight was found to be the best predicting parameter for image quality and was used to derive a new dose formula; A admin (MBq) = 223·body weight (kg)(0.65)/T scan (min). The measured photon counts decreased in heavier patients when using a fixed dose (P < .01) but this was no longer observed after applying a body-weight-dependent protocol (P = .20). CONCLUSIONS Application of a patient-specific protocol resulted in an image quality less depending on patient's weight. The results are most likely independent of the type of SPECT camera used, and, hence, adoption of patient-specific dose and scan time protocols is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D van Dijk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, Zwolle, 8000 GK, The Netherlands.
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - P L Jager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, Zwolle, 8000 GK, The Netherlands.
| | - J P Ottervanger
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - J de Boer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, Zwolle, 8000 GK, The Netherlands.
| | - A H J Oostdijk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, Zwolle, 8000 GK, The Netherlands.
| | - E M Engbers
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - C H Slump
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - S Knollema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, Zwolle, 8000 GK, The Netherlands.
| | - J A van Dalen
- Department of Medical Physics, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
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Hollinger KR, Alt J, Riehm AM, Slusher BS, Kaplin AI. Dose-dependent inhibition of GCPII to prevent and treat cognitive impairment in the EAE model of multiple sclerosis. Brain Res 2016; 1635:105-12. [PMID: 26826008 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There are no treatments for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). Novel treatments can be evaluated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS that displays both physical and cognitive impairments. Inhibition of the neuropeptidase glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) has previously been shown to ameliorate cognitive impairment in EAE, but dosing has not yet been optimized and only a prevention treatment paradigm has been explored. In the study described herein, the dose response of the GCPII inhibitor 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA) was evaluated for preventing cognitive impairment in EAE mice. Mice were immunized and received daily injections of vehicle or 2-PMPA (10, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg) from the time of immunization (i.e. day 0). Although no doses of the drug altered physical disease severity, the 100mg/kg dose was most efficacious at preventing cognitive impairments in Barnes maze performance. Dose-related increases in brain NAAG levels were observed in post-mortem analysis, confirming target engagement. Using the 100mg/kg dose, we subsequently evaluated 2-PMPA׳s ability to treat EAE-induced symptoms by commencing treatment after the onset of physical signs of EAE (i.e. day 14). Mice were immunized for EAE and received daily injections of vehicle or 100mg/kg 2-PMPA starting two weeks post-immunization. Significant improvements in both cognitive performance and increases in brain NAAG levels were observed. GCPII inhibition is a promising treatment for cognitive impairment in MS, and doses providing equivalent exposures to 100mg/kg 2-PMPA in mice should be evaluated in clinical studies for the prevention and/or treatment of MS-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Hollinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alison M Riehm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Adam I Kaplin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Musso M, Messina G, Di Renzo N, Di Carlo P, Vitolo U, Scalone R, Marcacci G, Scalzulli PR, Moscato T, Matera R, Crescimanno A, Santarone S, Orciuolo E, Merenda A, Pavone V, Pastore D, Donnarumma D, Carella AM, Ciochetto C, Cascavilla N, Mele A, Lanza F, Di Nicola M, Bonizzoni E, Pinto A. Improved outcome of patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma with a new fotemustine-based high-dose chemotherapy regimen. Br J Haematol 2016; 172:111-21. [PMID: 26458240 PMCID: PMC5053328 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy (HDT) with autologous stem cell transplantation is the standard of care for relapsed/refractory (RR) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Given that HDT may cure a sizeable proportion of patients refractory to first salvage, development of newer conditioning regimens remains a priority. We present the results of a novel HDT regimen in which carmustine was substituted by a third-generation chloroethylnitrosourea, fotemustine, with improved pharmacokinetics and safety (FEAM; fotemustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) in 122 patients with RR-HL accrued into a prospective registry-based study. Application of FEAM resulted in a 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 73·8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0·64-0·81] with median PFS, overall survival and time to progression yet to be reached. The 2-year risk of progression adjusted for the competitive risk of death was 19·4% (95% CI, 0·12-0·27) for the entire patient population. Most previously established independent risk factors, except for fluorodeoxyglucose ((18) (F) FDG)-uptake, were unable to predict for disease progression and survival after FEAM. Although 32% of patients had (18) (F) FDG-positrin emission tomography-positive lesions before HDT, the 2-year risk of progression adjusted for competitive risk of death was 19·4% (95% CI; 0·12-0·27). No unusual acute toxicities or early/late pulmonary adverse events were registered. FEAM emerges as an ideal HDT regimen for RR-HL patients typically pre-exposed to lung-damaging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Musso
- Dipartimento Oncologico “La Maddalena”UOC di Oncoematologia e TMOPalermoItaly
| | - Giuseppe Messina
- Azienda Ospedaliera ‘Bianchi Melacrino Morelli’C.T.M.O. Centro Unico Regionale Trapianti di Cellule Staminali e Terapie CellulariReggio CalabriaItaly
| | - Nicola Di Renzo
- UOC di Ematologia e Trapianto di Cellule StaminaliP.O. “Vito Fazzi”LecceItaly
| | - Paolo Di Carlo
- Unità Terapia Intensiva Ematologica per il Trapianto EmopoieticoOspedale CivilePescaraItaly
| | - Umberto Vitolo
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed EmatologiaA.O. U.Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino San Giovanni BattistaS.C. EmatologiaTorinoItaly
| | - Renato Scalone
- Dipartimento Oncologico “La Maddalena”UOC di Oncoematologia e TMOPalermoItaly
| | - Gianpaolo Marcacci
- Dipartimento di EmatologiaIstituto Nazionale TumoriFondazione ‘G. Pascale’IRCCSUOC di Ematologia Oncologica e Trapianto di Cellule StaminaliNapoliItaly
| | - Potito R. Scalzulli
- Divisione di EmatologiaIRCSS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Tiziana Moscato
- Azienda Ospedaliera ‘Bianchi Melacrino Morelli’C.T.M.O. Centro Unico Regionale Trapianti di Cellule Staminali e Terapie CellulariReggio CalabriaItaly
| | - Rossella Matera
- UOC di Ematologia e Trapianto di Cellule StaminaliP.O. “Vito Fazzi”LecceItaly
| | | | - Stella Santarone
- Unità Terapia Intensiva Ematologica per il Trapianto EmopoieticoOspedale CivilePescaraItaly
| | - Enrico Orciuolo
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Trapianti e Tecnologie AvanzateAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Anxur Merenda
- ARNAS Ospedale Civico BenfratelliU.O. di EmatologiaPalermoItaly
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Ospedale Generale Provinciale “Cardinale G. Panico”S.C. di Ematologia e Trapianto di Cellule StaminaliTricase, LecceItaly
| | | | - Daniela Donnarumma
- Dipartimento di EmatologiaIstituto Nazionale TumoriFondazione ‘G. Pascale’IRCCSUOC di Ematologia Oncologica e Trapianto di Cellule StaminaliNapoliItaly
| | - Angelo M. Carella
- U.O. Complessa di EmatologiaIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino‐ISTGenovaItaly
| | - Chiara Ciochetto
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed EmatologiaA.O. U.Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino San Giovanni BattistaS.C. EmatologiaTorinoItaly
| | - Nicola Cascavilla
- Divisione di EmatologiaIRCSS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Anna Mele
- Ospedale Generale Provinciale “Cardinale G. Panico”S.C. di Ematologia e Trapianto di Cellule StaminaliTricase, LecceItaly
| | - Francesco Lanza
- Unità Operativa di EmatologiaIstituti Ospitalieri di CremonaCremonaItaly
| | - Massimo Di Nicola
- Dipartimento di Oncologia MedicaFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale TumoriMilanoItaly
| | - Erminio Bonizzoni
- Sezione di Statistica Medica e Biometria ‘GA Maccaro’Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di ComunitàUniversità di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Antonello Pinto
- Dipartimento di EmatologiaIstituto Nazionale TumoriFondazione ‘G. Pascale’IRCCSUOC di Ematologia Oncologica e Trapianto di Cellule StaminaliNapoliItaly
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49
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Ahmad A, Olah G, Szczesny B, Wood ME, Whiteman M, Szabo C. AP39, A Mitochondrially Targeted Hydrogen Sulfide Donor, Exerts Protective Effects in Renal Epithelial Cells Subjected to Oxidative Stress in Vitro and in Acute Renal Injury in Vivo. Shock 2016; 45:88-97. [PMID: 26513708 PMCID: PMC4684477 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of AP39 [(10-oxo-10-(4-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiol-5yl) phenoxy)decyl) triphenyl phosphonium bromide], a mitochondrially targeted donor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in an in vitro model of hypoxia/oxidative stress injury in NRK-49F rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK cells) and in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Renal oxidative stress was induced by the addition of glucose oxidase, which generates hydrogen peroxide in the culture medium at a constant rate. Glucose oxidase (GOx)-induced oxidative stress led to mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased intracellular ATP content, and, at higher concentrations, increased intracellular oxidant formation (estimated by the fluorescent probe 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein, DCF) and promoted necrosis (estimated by the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase release into the medium) of the NRK cells in vitro. Pretreatment with AP39 (30-300 nM) exerted a concentration-dependent protective effect against all of the above effects of GOx. Most of the effects of AP39 followed a bell-shaped concentration-response curve; at the highest concentration of GOx tested, AP39 was no longer able to afford cytoprotective effects. Rats subjected to renal ischemia/reperfusion responded with a marked increase (over four-fold over sham control baseline) blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in blood, indicative of significant renal damage. This was associated with increased neutrophil infiltration into the kidneys (assessed by the myeloperoxidase assay in kidney homogenates), increased oxidative stress (assessed by the malondialdehyde assay in kidney homogenates), and an increase in plasma levels of IL-12. Pretreatment with AP39 (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/kg) provided a dose-dependent protection against these pathophysiological alterations; the most pronounced protective effect was observed at the 0.3 mg/kg dose of the H2S donor; nevertheless, AP39 failed to achieve a complete normalization of any of the injury markers measured. The partial protective effects of AP39 correlated with a partial improvement of kidney histological scores and reduced TUNEL staining (an indicator of DNA damage and apoptosis). In summary, the mitochondria-targeted H2S donor AP39 exerted dose-dependent protective effects against renal epithelial cell injury in vitro and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. We hypothesize that the beneficial actions of AP39 are related to the reduction of cellular oxidative stress, and subsequent attenuation of various positive feed-forward cycles of inflammatory and oxidative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gabor Olah
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bartosz Szczesny
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mark E. Wood
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, England
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, England
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
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50
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Zhu Y, Ma X, Su G, Yu L, Letcher RJ, Hou J, Yu H, Giesy JP, Liu C. Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of the Flame Retardant Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate Inhibit Growth of Female Zebrafish and Decrease Fecundity. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:14579-87. [PMID: 26512412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioconcentrations of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) in brain, gonad, and liver as well as effects on fecundity and development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were determined. Zebrafish (1-month old) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 29 ± 2.1, 600 ± 21, or 6300 ± 130 ng TDCIPP/L. After 120 days of exposure, TDCIPP accumulated in the brain, gonad, and liver with bioconcentration factors of 460, 38, and 87 in females and 26, 55, and 110 in males, respectively. TDCIPP accumulated to a greater extent in brains of females than those of males. Exposure to 6300 ± 130 ng TDCIPP/L resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) fewer eggs being produced, but the histology of the gonad, plasma concentrations of estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone, and expression of genes involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between individuals exposed to TDCIPP and the unexposed control fish. Exposure to TDCIPP resulted in shorter body length, lighter body mass, and lower gonadal-somatic index in females. These effects were possibly due to down-regulation of expression of genes along the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis. Correlations between the production of eggs and developmental parameters or expression of genes along the GH/IGF axis further suggested that environmentally relevant concentrations of TDCIPP could have adverse effects on reproduction, possibly due to the inhibition of the growth of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xufa Ma
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210089, China
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Zoology and Centre for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Hunan Agriculture University , Changsha 410128, China
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