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Hesse M, Dupont F, Mourad N, Babczenko P, Beaurin G, Xhema D, Bonaccorsi-Riani E, Jamar F, Lhommel R. Kidney dynamic SPECT acquisition on a CZT swiveling-detector ring camera: an in vivo pilot study. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:94. [PMID: 38649862 PMCID: PMC11036633 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large field of view CZT SPECT cameras with a ring geometry are available for some years now. Thanks to their good sensitivity and high temporal resolution, general dynamic SPECT imaging may be performed more easily, without resorting to dedicated systems. To evaluate the dynamic SPECT imaging by such cameras, we have performed an in vivo pilot study to analyze the kidney function of a pig and compare the results to standard dynamic planar imaging by a conventional gamma camera. METHODS A 7-week-old (12 kg) female Landrace pig was injected with [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 and a 30 min dynamic SPECT acquisition of the kidneys was performed on a CZT ring camera. A fast SPECT/CT was acquired with the same camera immediately after the dynamic SPECT, without moving the pig, and used for attenuation correction and drawing regions of interest. The next day the same pig underwent a dynamic planar imaging of the kidneys by a conventional 2-head gamma camera. The dynamic SPECT acquisition was reconstructed using a MLEM algorithm with up to 20 iterations, with and without attenuation correction. Time-activity curves of the total counts of each kidney were extracted from 2D and 3D dynamic images. An adapted 2-compartment model was derived to fit the data points and extract physiological parameters. Comparison of these parameters was performed between the different reconstructions and acquisitions. RESULTS Time-activity curves were nicely fitted with the 2-compartment model taking into account the anesthesia and bladder filling. Kidney physiological parameters were found in agreement with literature values. Good agreement of these parameters was obtained for the right kidney between dynamic SPECT and planar imaging. Regional analysis of the kidneys can be performed in the case of the dynamic SPECT imaging and provided good agreement with the whole kidney results. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic SPECT imaging is feasible with CZT swiveling-detector ring cameras and provides results in agreement with dynamic planar imaging by conventional gamma cameras. Regional analysis of organs uptake and clearance becomes possible. Further studies are required regarding the optimization of acquisition and reconstruction parameters to improve image quality and enable absolute quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Hesse
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Florian Dupont
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nizar Mourad
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation- CHEX, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pavel Babczenko
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation- CHEX, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwen Beaurin
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation- CHEX, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daela Xhema
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation- CHEX, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eliano Bonaccorsi-Riani
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation- CHEX, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Jamar
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Renaud Lhommel
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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Liu L, Abdu FA, Yin G, Xu B, Mohammed AQ, Xu S, Lv X, Luo Y, Zu L, Yang C, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Cai H, Lv Z, Xu Y, Che W. Prognostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging with D-SPECT camera in patients with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA). J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:3025-3037. [PMID: 33000403 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with a novel D-SPECT camera maintains excellent prognostic value compared to conventional SPECT. However, information about the relationship between D-SPECT MPI and the prognosis in patients with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of MPI with D-SPECT in INOCA and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHODS All consecutive patients with suspected CAD and without prior CAD who underwent D-SPECT MPI and invasive coronary angiography within 3 months were considered. INOCA and obstructive CAD were defined as < 50% and ≥ 50% coronary stenosis, respectively. Patients were followed-up for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE: cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke, heart failure and angina-related rehospitalization). RESULTS Among 506 patients, 232 (45.8%) were INOCA patients. A total of 33.2% of the INOCA patients had abnormal D-SPECT MPI, whereas 77.7% of the obstructive CAD patients had abnormal D-SPECT MPI. In both groups, patients with abnormal D-SPECT MPI demonstrated higher MACE rates and lower survival free of MACE. In addition, patients with INOCA and abnormal D-SPECT MPI had a poor prognosis similar to that of the obstructive CAD patients. Cox regression analysis showed that the risk-adjusted hazard ratios for abnormal D-SPECT MPI were 2.55 [1.11-5.87] and 2.06 [1.03-4.10] in the INOCA and obstructive CAD patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS D-SPECT MPI provides excellent prognostic information, with a more severe prognosis in patients with abnormal D-SPECT MPI. INOCA patients with abnormal D-SPECT MPI experience a poor prognosis similar to that of patients with obstructive CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuad A Abdu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Guoqing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Abdul-Quddus Mohammed
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Siling Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xian Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yanru Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lu Zu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Changrui Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haidong Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Wenliang Che
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Krakovich A, Zaretsky U, Moalem I, Naimushin A, Rozen E, Scheinowitz M, Goldkorn R. A new cardiac phantom for dynamic SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2299-2309. [PMID: 31997101 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, with the advance of myocardial blood flow (MBF) measurement capability in dynamic single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) systems, significant effort has been devoted to validation of the new capability. Unfortunately, the mechanical phantoms available for the validation process lack essential features-they either have a constant radiotracer concentration or they have rigid (static) walls unable to simulate cardiac beating. METHODS AND RESULTS We have developed a mechanical cardiac phantom that is able to mimic physiological radiotracer variation in the left ventricle (LV) cavity and in the myocardium (M), while performing beating-like motion. We have also developed a mathematical model of the phantom, allowing a description of the radiotracer concentrations in both regions (LV, M) as a function of time, which served as a tool for experiment planning and to accurately mimic physiological-like time-activity curves (TACs). A net retention model for the phantom was also developed, which served to compute the theoretical (i.e., expected) MBF of the phantom from measured quantities only, and thus validate the MBF reported by the SPECT system. In this paper, phantom experiments were performed on a GE Discovery NM 530c SPECT system. CONCLUSIONS A novel dynamic cardiac phantom for emission tomography has been developed. The new phantom is capable of producing a wide range of TACs that can mimic physiological (and potentially in the future, pathological) curves, similar to those observed in dynamic SPECT systems. SPECT-reported MBF values were validated against known (measured) activity of the injected radiotracer from phantom experiments, which allowed to determine the accuracy of the GE Discovery 530c SPECT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krakovich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - U Zaretsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Moalem
- Nuclear Cardiology Unit, Lev Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - A Naimushin
- Nuclear Cardiology Unit, Lev Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - E Rozen
- Nuclear Cardiology Unit, Lev Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - M Scheinowitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R Goldkorn
- Nuclear Cardiology Unit, Lev Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Wells RG, Klein R. Dynamic phantoms: Making the right tool for the job. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2310-2312. [PMID: 32124249 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Glenn Wells
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Ran Klein
- Division Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Slomka P. Do we need dedicated cardiac SPECT systems? J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:1331-1333. [PMID: 31650495 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Slomka
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
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Gimelli A, Liga R, Bertasi M, Kusch A, Marzullo P. Head-to-head comparison of a CZT-based all-purpose SPECT camera and a dedicated CZT cardiac device for myocardial perfusion and functional analysis. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:1323-1330. [PMID: 31385223 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the outputs of a novel all-purpose SPECT camera equipped with CZT detectors (Discovery NM/CT 670) with the state-of-the-art represented by a dedicated CZT (Alcyone, Discovery 530c) cardiac camera in patients submitted to myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). METHODS We included 19 patients that underwent sequential low-dose 99mTc-tetrofosmin (148-185 MBq during stress and 296-370 MBq at rest) MPI with Alcyone and Discovery 670 cameras. Quantitative (% tracer's uptake) and semi-quantitative analyses of perfusion data were performed for each scan. Moreover, major left ventricular (LV) functional and structural parameters were derived from each camera and compared. RESULTS The two cameras showed excellent correlation for segmental myocardial % uptake at stress (R = 0.90; P < 0.001) and at rest (R = 0.88; P < 0.001) with narrow Bland-Altman limits of agreement. The level of diagnostic agreement of Discovery 670 and Alcyone cameras regarding perfusion analysis was excellent (Cohen's κ 0.85). Similarly, the two cameras showed excellent correlation in the evaluation of LV ejection fraction (R = 0.95), peak filling rate (R = 0.97), and mass (R = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results suggest that MPI with an all-purpose Discovery 670 CZT-SPECT camera is feasible, comparing well with the current state-of-the-art technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gimelli
- Fondazione Toscana/CNR G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | - Annette Kusch
- Fondazione Toscana/CNR G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Fondazione Toscana/CNR G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
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Ronkainen AP, Eneh CTM, Linder PH, Hippeläinen E, Heikkinen JO. Assessment of ejection fraction and heart perfusion using myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography in Finland and Estonia: a multicenter phantom study. Nucl Med Commun 2020; 41:888-895. [PMID: 32796477 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myocardial SPECT/CT imaging is frequently performed to assess myocardial perfusion and dynamic parameters of heart function, such as ejection fraction (EF). However, potential pitfalls exist in the imaging chain that can unfavorably affect diagnosis and treatment. We performed a national cardiac quality control study to investigate how much SPECT/CT protocols vary between different nuclear medicine units in Finland, and how this may affect the heart perfusion and EF values. METHODS Altogether, 21 nuclear medicine units participated with 27 traditional SPECT/CT systems and two cardiac-centered IQ-SPECT systems. The reproducibility of EF and the uniformity of perfusion were studied using a commercial dynamic heart phantom. SPECT/CT acquisitions were performed and processed at each participating unit using their own clinical protocol and with a standardized protocol. The effects of acquisition protocols and analysis routines on EF estimates and uniformity of perfusion were studied. RESULTS Considerable variation in EF estimates and in the uniformity of perfusion were observed between the units. Uniformity of perfusion was improved in some units after applying the higher count-statistic standard acquisition protocol. EF estimates varied more due to differences in analysis routines than as a result of different acquisition protocols. The results obtained with the two IQ-SPECT systems differed substantially from the traditional multipurpose cameras. CONCLUSION On average, the EF and heart perfusion were accurately estimated by SPECT/CT, but high errors could be produced if the acquisition and analysis routines were poorly optimized. Eight of the 21 participants altered their imaging protocol after this quality control tour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari-Petteri Ronkainen
- Department of Medical Physics, The Social and Health Care Authority of South Savo, Mikkeli Central Hospital, Mikkeli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Physiology, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio
| | - Chibuzor T M Eneh
- Department of Medical Physics, The Social and Health Care Authority of South Savo, Mikkeli Central Hospital, Mikkeli
- Department of Medical Physics, Division of Medical Imaging, Turku University Hospital, Turku
| | - Pia H Linder
- Department of Medical Physics, The Social and Health Care Authority of South Savo, Mikkeli Central Hospital, Mikkeli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio
| | - Eero Hippeläinen
- HUS, Medical Imaging Center, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari O Heikkinen
- Department of Medical Physics, The Social and Health Care Authority of South Savo, Mikkeli Central Hospital, Mikkeli
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Salvadori J, Petegnief Y, Sabbah R, Morel O, Boulahdour H, Karcher G, Marie PY, Imbert L. Compared vulnerabilities to small cardiac motions between different cameras used for myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1313-1322. [PMID: 29327252 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-1175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This phantom-based study was aimed to determine whether cardiac CZT-cameras, which provide an enhanced spatial resolution and image contrast compared to Anger cameras, are similarly affected by small cardiac motions. Translations of a left ventricular (LV) insert at half-SPECT acquisitions through six possible orthogonal directions and with 5- or 10-mm amplitude were simulated on the Discovery NM-530c and DSPECT CZT-cameras and on an Anger Symbia T2 camera equipped with an astigmatic (IQ.SPECT) or conventional parallel-hole collimator (Conv.SPECT). SPECT images were initially reconstructed as currently recommended for clinical routine. The heterogeneity in recorded activity from the 17 LV segments gradually increased between baseline and motions simulated at 5- and 10-mm amplitudes with all cameras, although being higher for Anger- than CZT-cameras at each step and resulting in a higher mean number of artifactual abnormal segments (at 10-mm amplitude, Conv.SPECT: 3.7; IQ.SPECT: 1.8, Discovery: 0.7, DSPECT: 0). However, this vulnerability to motion was markedly (1) decreased for Conv.SPECT reconstructed without the recommended Resolution Recovery algorithm and (2) increased for DSPECT reconstructed without the recommended cardiac model. CZT-cameras and especially the DSPECT appear less vulnerable to small cardiac motions than Anger-cameras although these differences are strongly dependent on reconstruction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Salvadori
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Yolande Petegnief
- CHU-Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Remi Sabbah
- CHU-Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Morel
- CHU-Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Hatem Boulahdour
- CHU-Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Gilles Karcher
- CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Plateforme Nancyclotep, 54000, Nancy, France
- Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de Brabois, CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Marie
- CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Plateforme Nancyclotep, 54000, Nancy, France
- Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de Brabois, CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 54000, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, UMR-1116 DCAC, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Laetitia Imbert
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.
- CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Plateforme Nancyclotep, 54000, Nancy, France.
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, UMR-947 IADI, 54000, Nancy, France.
- Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de Brabois, CHRU-Nancy, Allée du Morvan, 54500, Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Rietbergen DDD, Meershoek P, van Oosterom MN, Roestenberg M, van Erkel AR, Smit F, van der Hage JA, Valdés Olmos RA, van Leeuwen FWB. Freehand-SPECT with 99mTc-HDP as tool to guide percutaneous biopsy of skeletal lesions detected on bone scintigraphy. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2019; 38:218-223. [PMID: 31133492 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of using freehand Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (freehandSPECT) for the identification of technetium-99m-hydroxydiphosphonate (99mTc-HDP) positive bone lesions and to evaluate the possibility of using these imaging data-sets for augmented- and virtual-reality based navigation approaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 20 consecutive patients referred for scintigraphy with 99mTc-HDP, 21 three-dimensional freehandSPECT-images were generated using a handheld gamma camera. Concordance of the two different data sets was ranked. Furthermore, feasibility of segmenting the hotspot of tracer accumulation for navigation purposes was assessed. RESULTS In 86% of the cases freehandSPECT images showed good concordance with the corresponding part of the scintigraphic images. In lesions with a signal to background ratio (SBR) >1.36, freehandSPECT provided an automatically segmented reference point for navigation purposes. In 14% of the cases (average SBR 1.82, range 1.0-3.4) freehandSPECT images showed intermediate concordance due to difficult anatomical area or negative bone scintigraphy and could not be used as navigation targets. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, in 86% of the cases freehandSPECT demonstrated good concordance with traditional scintigraphy. A lesion with a SBR of 1.36 or more was suitable for navigation. These high-quality freehandSPECT images supported the future exploration navigation strategies, e.g. guided needle biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D D Rietbergen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Hospital, Países Bajos.
| | - P Meershoek
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Países Bajos
| | - M N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Países Bajos
| | - M Roestenberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Países Bajos
| | - A R van Erkel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Hospital, Países Bajos
| | - F Smit
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Hospital, Países Bajos
| | | | - R A Valdés Olmos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Hospital, Países Bajos
| | - F W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Países Bajos
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Wu D, Zhang Z, Ma R, Guo F, Wang L, Fang W. Comparison of CZT SPECT and conventional SPECT for assessment of contractile function, mechanical synchrony and myocardial scar in patients with heart failure. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:443-452. [PMID: 28623525 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to compare CZT-SPECT (CZT SPECT) to conventional SPECT (C-SPECT) in the assessment of left ventricular myocardial scar, contractile function, and mechanical synchrony in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS Fifty-nine patients with HF who were referred for myocardial perfusion/metabolism imaging were enrolled. All patients underwent resting 99mTc-MIBI gated myocardial perfusion imaging using a CZT SPECT camera and a C-SPECT camera, respectively, and 18F-FDG PET myocardial metabolism imaging within three days. Summed rest score (SRS) and total perfusion defect (TPD) (as indices of perfusion abnormality), left ventricular (LV), end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) (as indices of LV systolic function), and histogram band width (BW) and standard deviation (SD) (as indices of mechanical synchrony) were analyzed by automated software while the perfusion/metabolism patterns were analyzed visually. RESULTS There was a good correlation between CZT SPECT and C-SPECT for SRS and TPD. CZT SPECT tended to underestimate SRS and TPD compared to C-SPECT. CZT-SPECT and C-SPECT showed excellent agreement in assessing the perfusion/metabolism pattern though a small proportion of normal segments (6.6%) identified by CZT/PET exhibited mismatch pattern on C-SPECT/PET. CZT SPECT also showed excellent correlation with C-SPECT in measuring EDV, ESV, and EF. Finally, BW and SD measured by CZT SPECT correlated well with C-SPECT but CZT SPECT tended to overestimate BW and SD compared to C-SPECT. CONCLUSION CZT SPECT provided comparable data to C-SPECT for measuring LV scar, function and synchrony at a considerable reduction in imaging time. CZT SPECT holds a promise for comprehensive evaluation of myocardial performance in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongzheng Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Advances in imaging instrumentation and technology have greatly contributed to nuclear cardiology. Dedicated cardiac SPECT cameras incorporating novel, highly efficient detector, collimator, and system designs have emerged with the expansion of nuclear cardiology. Solid-state radiation detectors incorporating cadmium zinc telluride, which directly convert radiation to electrical signals and yield improved energy resolution and spatial resolution and enhanced count sensitivity geometries, are increasingly gaining favor as the detector of choice for application in dedicated cardiac SPECT systems. Additionally, hybrid imaging systems in which SPECT and PET are combined with X-ray CT are currently widely used, with PET/MRI hybrid systems having also been recently introduced. The improved quantitative SPECT/CT has the potential to measure the absolute quantification of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve. Rapid development of silicon photomultipliers leads to enhancement in PET image quality and count rates. In addition, the reduction of emission-transmission mismatch artifacts via application of accurate time-of-flight information, and cardiac motion de-blurring aided by anatomical images, are emerging techniques for further improvement of cardiac PET. This article reviews recent advances such as these in nuclear cardiology imaging instrumentation and technology, and the corresponding diagnostic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Tali Sharir
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Assuta Medical Centers, 96 Igal Alon, C Building, 67891, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea.
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Chang CF, Chen CF, Wang TH, Chiang FT, Wu HT, Pan LF, Pan LK. Semi-quantification of the minimum detectable difference of imaging quality of gamma camera SPET for four radionuclides via an innovative PMMA phantom with a V-shaped slit: interpretation of a feasibility study. Hell J Nucl Med 2019; 22:49-57. [PMID: 30843010 DOI: 10.1967/s002449910959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An indigenous polymethyl metacrylate (PMMA) phantom with a V-shaped slit and a correlated technique for semi-quantifying the minimum detectable difference (MDD) of single photon emission tomography (SPET) via gamma camera scanning are proposed and validated using four radionuclides. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radio-actinide solutions of gallium-67 (67Ga), technetium-99m (99mTc), iodine-131 (131I) and thallium-201 (201Tl) were diluted to 11c.c. and thoroughly injected into the continuous zig zag slit of the PMMA phantom. Either depth or edge of the slit between two lines of the V-shape was customized from deep or wide to change into shallow or narrow gradually. Thus, the quantified MDD could be easily evaluated, according to the revised Student's t-test evaluation. The revised Student's t-test was calculated by both full width at half maximum (FWHM) and edge width between two adjacent peaks that were acquired from the original data matrix of SPET. The derived MDD was indicated as for radionuclide, depth, width in mm: For 67Ga, 2.9, 2.13, for 99mTc, 2.5, 0.66, for 131I, 4.7, 2.38 and for 201Tl, 3.3, 2.00, respectively. RESULTS Technetium-99m had the highest and 131I had the lowest MDD among the four radionuclides. Furthermore, two adjacent peaks of 67Ga could be easily identified with fewer counts than for 201Tl (depth, 2.9 vs. 3.3mm), but its MDD was poorer (width: 2.13 vs.2.00mm). The revised Student's t-test analysis proved to be an acceptable technique for the MDD identification. CONCLUSION The proposed new combination of PMMA phantom with a V-slit and the revised Student's t-test proved to be instrumental in the MDD of SPET optimization analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 406, Taiwan, ROC. ,
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Masoomi MA, Al-Shammeri I, Kalafallah K, Elrahman HM, Ragab O, Ahmed E, Al-Shammeri J, Arafat S. Wiener filter improves diagnostic accuracy of CAD SPECT images-comparison to angiography and CT angiography. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14207. [PMID: 30681596 PMCID: PMC6358408 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many discrepancy in selection of proper filter and its parameters for individual cases exists. The authors investigate the impact of the most common filters on patient NM images with coronary artery disease (CAD), and compare the results with the computerized tomography (CT)-Angio and angiography for accuracy.The investigation initiated by performing various single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT)/CT scan of the national electrical manufacturers association chest phantoms having hot and cold inserts. Data acquired on GE 670 PRO SPECT/CT; 360Ø, 64 frames, 60 seconds, low energy high resolution (LEHR) 128, low energy general purpose (LEGP) with CT attenuation (120 kV and 170 mA). The images reconstructed with filtered back projection and ITERATIVE ordered-subset expectation maximization utilizing filters; Hann, Butterworth, Metz, Hamming, and Wiener. The Image contrast was calculated to assess absolute nearness of the inserts. Based on the preliminary results, then scans of 92 patients with CAD; 64 males and 28 females, age 41 to 77 years old, who had been reported earlier reprocessed with the nominated filter and were reported by 2 NM expert. The results compared to the earlier reports and to the CT-Angio and angiography.The optimization suggested 3 filters; Wiener (Wi), Metz and Butterworth (But) provide the highest contrast (99- 66.4%) and (81- 32%) for the cold and hot inserts respectively, with the (Wi) filter to be the better option. The reprocessed patients scan with the (Wi) presented an elevated diagnostic accuracy, correlated well with the CT-Angio and angiography results (P < .001 and r = 0.79 for [Wi] and P = .004 and r = 0.39 for [But]). The percentage of the false negative for moderate to severe CAD cases reported using Wi filter reduced from 27% to 7% and similarly for mild CAD cases from 7% to 1%.It appears the Wiener filter could produce results with the highest contrast for phantom imaging of various cold and hot spheres and for the patient data which is more consistent with angiography results, with much-elevated accuracy in intermediate cases (r = 0.79 for Wiener and r = 0.39 for Butterworth vs angiography). However, the optimum parameters obtained for the filters have no relation with the resolution of the imaging system, but the details of the objects could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Masoomi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Adan HospitalHadiya, KW
| | - Iman Al-Shammeri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Adan HospitalHadiya, KW
| | - Khaled Kalafallah
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Adan HospitalHadiya, KW
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Sabah Medical District, Shuwaikh
| | - Hany M.A. Elrahman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Adan HospitalHadiya, KW
| | - Osama Ragab
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Adan HospitalHadiya, KW
| | - Ebba Ahmed
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Adan HospitalHadiya, KW
| | - Jehan Al-Shammeri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heath Science Centre, Kuwait University
| | - Sharif Arafat
- Department of Cardiology, Dabbous Cardiac Centre, Adan Hospital, Hadiya, Kuwait
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Yang CT, Ghosh KK, Padmanabhan P, Langer O, Liu J, Eng DNC, Halldin C, Gulyás B. PET-MR and SPECT-MR multimodality probes: Development and challenges. Theranostics 2018; 8:6210-6232. [PMID: 30613293 PMCID: PMC6299694 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance (MR) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-MR hybrid imaging is being used in daily clinical practice. Due to its advantages over stand-alone PET, SPECT or MR imaging, in many areas such as oncology, the demand for hybrid imaging techniques is increasing dramatically. The use of multimodal imaging probes or biomarkers in a single molecule or particle to characterize the imaging subjects such as disease tissues certainly provides us with more accurate diagnosis and promotes therapeutic accuracy. A limited number of multimodal imaging probes are being used in preclinical and potential clinical investigations. The further development of multimodal PET-MR and SPECT-MR imaging probes includes several key elements: novel synthetic strategies, high sensitivity for accurate quantification and high anatomic resolution, favourable pharmacokinetic profile and target-specific binding of a new probe. This review thoroughly summarizes all recently available and noteworthy PET-MR and SPECT-MR multimodal imaging probes including small molecule bimodal probes, nano-sized bimodal probes, small molecular trimodal probes and nano-sized trimodal probes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive overview of all PET-MR and SPECT-MR multimodal probes. Since the development of multimodal PET-MR and SPECT-MR imaging probes is an emerging research field, a selection of 139 papers were recognized following the literature review. The challenges for designing multimodal probes have also been addressed in order to offer some future research directions for this novel interdisciplinary research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Tong Yang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology and Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P.R. China, 315201
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608
| | - Krishna K. Ghosh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Biomedical Systems, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Jiang Liu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology and Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P.R. China, 315201
| | - David Ng Chee Eng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
| | - Christer Halldin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Blaire T, Bailliez A, Ben Bouallegue F, Bellevre D, Agostini D, Manrique A. First assessment of simultaneous dual isotope ( 123I/ 99mTc) cardiac SPECT on two different CZT cameras: A phantom study. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:1692-1704. [PMID: 28275896 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the impact of simultaneous dual-isotope acquisition on 123I/99mTc mismatch assessment using two CZT cameras (DNM 530c, GE Healthcare and DSPECT, Biosensors International). METHODS We used an anthropomorphic torso phantom (respectively filled with a solution of 123I alone, 99mTc alone, and a mixture of 123I and 99mTc) and its cardiac insert with two defects mimicking two matched and mismatched defects. Mismatch extent and reconstructed image contrast were evaluated. RESULTS The acquisition mode (single vs dual) significantly impacted (i) 99mTc (but not 123I) reconstructed segmental activities using both camera (P < .001), and (ii) image contrast (using 123I and DNM 530c, P < .0001; and using both 123I and 99mTc with DSPECT, P < .0001). However, the defect and mismatch size were not impacted by the type of acquisition. With both DNM 530c and DSPECT, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated an almost perfect concordance and agreement between single- and simultaneous dual-isotope segmental activity (123I and 99mTc). CONCLUSIONS This study found no impact of the acquisition mode (single vs dual) or the type of camera (DSPECT vs DNM 530c) on 123I and 99mTc defect size and mismatch, providing a new step toward simultaneous dual-isotope acquisition for combined innervation and perfusion assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Blaire
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UF 5881, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lomme, France.
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Signalisation, électrophysiologie et imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, FHU REMOD-VHF, 14000, Caen, France.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRIS, Hôpital Privé Le Bois, Lille, France.
| | - Alban Bailliez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UF 5881, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lomme, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Signalisation, électrophysiologie et imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, FHU REMOD-VHF, 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRIS, Hôpital Privé Le Bois, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Denis Agostini
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Signalisation, électrophysiologie et imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, FHU REMOD-VHF, 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Cote de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Alain Manrique
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Signalisation, électrophysiologie et imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, FHU REMOD-VHF, 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Cote de Nacre, Caen, France
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Dorbala S, Ananthasubramaniam K, Armstrong IS, Chareonthaitawee P, DePuey EG, Einstein AJ, Gropler RJ, Holly TA, Mahmarian JJ, Park MA, Polk DM, Russell R, Slomka PJ, Thompson RC, Wells RG. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Guidelines: Instrumentation, Acquisition, Processing, and Interpretation. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:1784-1846. [PMID: 29802599 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Dorbala
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J Einstein
- Columbia University Medical Center and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Thomas A Holly
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John J Mahmarian
- Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Donna M Polk
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Glenn Wells
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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17
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Abstract
Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using rest/stress single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) allows non-invasive assessment of reversible cardiac perfusion defects. Conventionally, reversible defects are identified using a difference image, called reversible map, obtained by subtracting the stress image from the rest image after registration and normalization of the two images. The identification of reversible defects using the conventional subtraction method is however limited by noise. We propose to jointly reconstruct rest and stress projection data to directly obtain the reversible map in a single reconstruction framework to improve the detectability of reversible defects. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we performed phantom studies to mimic reversible defects with different levels of severity and doses. As compared to the conventional subtraction method, the joint method yielded reversible maps with much lower noise and improved defect detectability. At a normal clinical dose level, the joint method improved the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of defect contrast in reversible maps from 13.2 to 66.4, 9.7 to 35.0, 6.1 to 13.2, and 3.1 to 6.5, for defect to normal myocardium concentration ratios of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively. The SNRs obtained using the joint method were improved from 6.1 to 13.2, 3.9 to 9.4, 3.0 to 8.0, and 2.1 to 7.1, for 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the normal clinical dose as compared to the conventional subtraction method. To access clinical feasibility, we applied the joint method to a rest/stress SPECT MPI patient study. The joint method yielded a reversible map with much lower noise, translating into a much higher defect detectability as compared to the conventional subtraction method. Our results indicate that the joint method has the potential to improve radiologists' performance for assessing defects in rest/stress SPECT MPI. In addition, the joint method can be used to reduce dose or imaging time.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lai
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America. Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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Ishihara M, Onoguchi M, Shibutani T. An Exploratory Study of Washout Rate Analysis for Thallium-201 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detectors. Mol Imaging 2018; 17:1536012118782322. [PMID: 29952215 PMCID: PMC6077886 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118782322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the washout rate (WOR) for thallium-201-chloride single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using cadmium zinc telluride detectors for SPECT (CZT SPECT) versus conventional Anger-type SPECT (conventional SPECT). A total of 52 Japanese patients were examined using CZT SPECT and conventional SPECT, and the global WORs were compared. Additionally, the MPI WORs were compared for patients with a normal MPI versus those in whom MPI reflected the patients’ multivessel disease (MVD) MPI. Washout rates were similar when approximated by CZT SPECT versus conventional SPECT 12.59 ± 2.26%/h vs 12.57 ± 2.27%/h (P = .997), respectively. The WOR values for CZT SPECT versus conventional SPECT were 13.42%/h (1.53%/h) vs 13.93%/h (1.24%/h) (P = .337), respectively, for 7 normal MPI patients, and 10.64 ± 2.20%/h vs 10.84 ± 2.26%/h (P = .848), respectively, for 7 MVD-MPI patients. The WOR values for normal MPI versus MVD-MPI patients for CZT SPECT were 13.42 ± 1.53%/h vs 10.64 ± 2.20%/h (P = .025), respectively. Thallium-201-chloride WOR values obtained with high-efficiency CZT SPECT, which enabled significantly reduced imaging times and use of a low-dose protocol, were similar to those obtained with conventional SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ishihara
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahisa Onoguchi
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Masahisa Onoguchi, Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Shibutani
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Iwabuchi Y, Nakahara T, Kameyama M, Yamada Y, Hashimoto M, Ogata Y, Matsusaka Y, Katagiri M, Itoh K, Osada T, Ito D, Tabuchi H, Jinzaki M. Quantitative evaluation of the tracer distribution in dopamine transporter SPECT for objective interpretation. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 32:363-371. [PMID: 29654576 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantification of the tracer distribution would add objectivity to the visual assessments of dopamine transporter (DAT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data. Our study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of fractal dimension (FD) as a quantitative indicator of tracer distribution and compared with the conventional quantitative value: specific binding ratio (SBR). We also evaluated the utility of the combined index SBR/FD (SBR divided by FD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted both clinical and phantom studies. In the clinical study, 150 patients including 110 patients with Parkinsonian syndrome (PS) and 40 without PS were enrolled. In the phantom study, we used a striatal phantom with the striatum chamber divided into two spaces, representing the caudate nucleus and putamen. The SBR, FD, and SBR/FD were calculated and compared between datasets for evaluating the diagnostic utility. Mann-Whitney test and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were used for analysis. RESULTS ROC analysis revealed that the FD value had high diagnostic performance [the areas under the curve (AUC) = 0.943] and the combined use of SBR and FD (SBR/FD) delivered better results than the SBR alone (AUC, 0.964 vs 0.899; p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, were 79.1, 85.0, and 80.7% with SBR, 84.5, 97.5, and 88.0% with FD, and 92.7, 87.5, and 91.3% with SBR/FD. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that the FD value is a useful diagnostic index, which reflects the tracer distribution in DAT SPECT images. The combined use of SBR and FD was more useful than either used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Iwabuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tadaki Nakahara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kameyama
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yohji Matsusaka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mari Katagiri
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunari Itoh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Osada
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tabuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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van Dijk JD, van Dalen JA, Mouden M, Ottervanger JP, Knollema S, Slump CH, Jager PL. Value of automatic patient motion detection and correction in myocardial perfusion imaging using a CZT-based SPECT camera. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:419-428. [PMID: 27406376 PMCID: PMC5869883 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correction of motion has become feasible on cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT)-based SPECT cameras during myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Our aim was to quantify the motion and to determine the value of automatic correction using commercially available software. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively included 83 consecutive patients who underwent stress-rest MPI CZT-SPECT and invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement. Eight-minute stress acquisitions were reformatted into 1.0- and 20-second bins to detect respiratory motion (RM) and patient motion (PM), respectively. RM and PM were quantified and scans were automatically corrected. Total perfusion deficit (TPD) and SPECT interpretation-normal, equivocal, or abnormal-were compared between the noncorrected and corrected scans. Scans with a changed SPECT interpretation were compared with FFR, the reference standard. Average RM was 2.5 ± 0.4 mm and maximal PM was 4.5 ± 1.3 mm. RM correction influenced the diagnostic outcomes in two patients based on TPD changes ≥7% and in nine patients based on changed visual interpretation. In only four of these patients, the changed SPECT interpretation corresponded with FFR measurements. Correction for PM did not influence the diagnostic outcomes. CONCLUSION Respiratory motion and patient motion were small. Motion correction did not appear to improve the diagnostic outcome and, hence, the added value seems limited in MPI using CZT-based SPECT cameras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris D van Dijk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, 8000, Zwolle, GK, The Netherlands.
- MIRA: Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Jorn A van Dalen
- Department of Medical Physics, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Mouden
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - Siert Knollema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, 8000, Zwolle, GK, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Slump
- MIRA: Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter L Jager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, 8000, Zwolle, GK, The Netherlands
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Bexelius T, Sohlberg A. Implementation of GPU accelerated SPECT reconstruction with Monte Carlo-based scatter correction. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 32:337-347. [PMID: 29564718 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statistical SPECT reconstruction can be very time-consuming especially when compensations for collimator and detector response, attenuation, and scatter are included in the reconstruction. This work proposes an accelerated SPECT reconstruction algorithm based on graphics processing unit (GPU) processing. METHODS Ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm with CT-based attenuation modelling, depth-dependent Gaussian convolution-based collimator-detector response modelling, and Monte Carlo-based scatter compensation was implemented using OpenCL. The OpenCL implementation was compared against the existing multi-threaded OSEM implementation running on a central processing unit (CPU) in terms of scatter-to-primary ratios, standardized uptake values (SUVs), and processing speed using mathematical phantoms and clinical multi-bed bone SPECT/CT studies. RESULTS The difference in scatter-to-primary ratios, visual appearance, and SUVs between GPU and CPU implementations was minor. On the other hand, at its best, the GPU implementation was noticed to be 24 times faster than the multi-threaded CPU version on a normal 128 × 128 matrix size 3 bed bone SPECT/CT data set when compensations for collimator and detector response, attenuation, and scatter were included. CONCLUSIONS GPU SPECT reconstructions show great promise as an every day clinical reconstruction tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bexelius
- HERMES Medical Solutions, Skeppsbron 44, 111 30, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antti Sohlberg
- Laboratory of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Joint Authority for Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care, Keskussairaalankatu 7, 15850, Lahti, Finland.
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Ljungberg M, Pretorius PH. SPECT/CT: an update on technological developments and clinical applications. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20160402. [PMID: 27845567 PMCID: PMC5966195 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional nuclear medicine imaging with single-photon emission CT (SPECT) in combination with anatomical CT has been commercially available since the beginning of this century. The combination of the two modalities has improved both the sensitivity and specificity of many clinical applications and CT in conjunction with SPECT that allows for spatial overlay of the SPECT data on good anatomy images. Introduction of diagnostic CT units as part of the SPECT/CT system has also potentially allowed for a more cost-efficient use of the equipment. Most of the SPECT systems available are based on the well-known Anger camera principle with NaI(Tl) as a scintillation material, parallel-hole collimators and multiple photomultiplier tubes, which, from the centroid of the scintillation light, determine the position of an event. Recently, solid-state detectors using cadmium-zinc-telluride became available and clinical SPECT cameras employing multiple pinhole collimators have been developed and introduced in the market. However, even if new systems become available with better hardware, the SPECT reconstruction will still be affected by photon attenuation and scatter and collimator response. Compensation for these effects is needed even for qualitative studies to avoid artefacts leading to false positives. This review highlights the recent progress for both new SPECT cameras systems as well as for various data-processing and compensation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ljungberg
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Hendrik Pretorius
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Nakajima K, Okuda K, Yokoyama K, Yoneyama T, Tsuji S, Oda H, Yoshita M, Kubota K. Cross calibration of 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine heart-to-mediastinum ratio with D-SPECT planogram and Anger camera. Ann Nucl Med 2017; 31:605-615. [PMID: 28689357 PMCID: PMC5622915 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-017-1191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake is quantified using the heart-to-mediastinum ratio (HMR) with an Anger camera. The relationship between HMR determined using D-SPECT with a cadmium-zinc-telluride detector and an Anger camera is not fully understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to define this relationship using images derived from a phantom and from patients. METHODS Cross-calibration phantom studies using an Anger camera with a low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) collimator and D-SPECT, and clinical 123I-MIBG studies proceeded in 40 consecutive patients (80 studies). In the phantom study, a conversion coefficient (CC) was defined based on phantom experiments and applied to the Anger camera and the D-SPECT detector. The HMR was calculated using anterior images with the Anger camera and anterior planograms with D-SPECT. First, the HMR from D-SPECT was cross-calibrated to the Anger camera, and then, the HMR from both cameras were converted to the medium-energy general-purpose collimator condition (CC 0.88; ME88 condition). The relationship between HMR and corrected and uncorrected methods was examined. A 123I-MIBG washout rate was calculated using both methods with and without background subtraction. RESULTS Based on the phantom experiments, the CC of the Anger camera with an LEHR collimator and of D-SPECT using an anterior planogram was 0.55 and 0.63, respectively. The original HMR from the Anger camera and D-SPECT was 1.76 ± 0.42 and 1.86 ± 0.55, respectively (p < 0.0001). After D-SPECT HMR was converted to the Anger camera condition, the corrected D-SPECT HMR became comparable to the values under the Anger camera condition (1.75 ± 0.48, p = n. s.). When the HMR measured using the two cameras were converted under the ME88 condition, the average standardized HMR from the Anger camera and D-SPECT became comparable (2.21 ± 0.65 vs. 2.20 ± 0.75, p = n. s.). After standardization to the ME88 condition, a systematic difference in the linear regression lines disappeared, and the HMR from both the Anger (StdHMRAnger) and D-SPECT (StdHMRDSPECT) became comparable. Additional correction using a regression line further improved the relationship between both HMR [StdHMRDSPECT = 0.09 + 0.98 × StdHMRAnger (R 2 = 0.91)]. The washout rate closely correlated with and without background correction between both methods (R 2 = 0.83 and 0.65, respectively). CONCLUSION The phantom-based conversion method is applicable to D-SPECT and enables the common application of HMR irrespective of D-SPECT and the Anger camera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nakajima
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
- PET Imaging Center, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan.
| | - Koichi Okuda
- Department of Physics, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yokoyama
- PET Imaging Center, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoneyama
- PET Imaging Center, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan
| | - Shiro Tsuji
- PET Imaging Center, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oda
- Department of Cardiology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan
| | | | - Koji Kubota
- Department of Cardiology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan
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Thompson RC, O'Keefe JH, McGhie AI, Bybee KA, Thompson EC, Bateman TM. Reduction of SPECT MPI Radiation Dose Using Contemporary Protocols and Technology. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 11:282-283. [PMID: 28495023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chrysanthou-Baustert I, Polycarpou I, Demetriadou O, Livieratos L, Lontos A, Antoniou A, Christofides S, Yiannakkaras C, Kaolis D, Panagidis C, Marsden PK, Parpottas Y. Characterization of attenuation and respiratory motion artifacts and their influence on SPECT MP image evaluation using a dynamic phantom assembly with variable cardiac defects. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:698-707. [PMID: 26846369 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A phantom assembly that simulates the respiratory motion of the heart was used to investigate artifacts and their impact on defect detection. METHODS SPECT/CT images were acquired for phantoms with and without small and large cardiac defects during normal and deep breathing, and also at four static respiratory phases. Acquisitions were reconstructed with and without AC, and with misalignment of transmission and emission scans. A quantitative analysis was performed to assess artifacts. Two physicians reported on defect presence or absence and their results were evaluated. RESULTS All large defects were correctly reported. Attenuation reduced uptake in the basal LV walls, increasing FN physicians' reports for small defects. Respiratory motion reduced uptake mainly in the anterior and inferior walls increasing FP and FN reports on images without and with small defects, respectively. Artifacts due to misalignment between CT and SPECT scans in normal breathing phantoms did not influence the physicians' reports. CONCLUSIONS Attenuation and respiratory motion correction should be applied to reduce artifacts before reporting on small defects in deep breathing conditions. Artifacts due to misalignment between CT and SPECT scans do not affect defect detection in normal breathing when the LV is co-registered in SPECT and CT images prior to AC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Polycarpou
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Lefteris Livieratos
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Antonis Lontos
- Frederick Research Center, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonis Antoniou
- Frederick Research Center, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Demetris Kaolis
- Department of Medical Physics, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Paul K Marsden
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yiannis Parpottas
- Frederick Research Center, Nicosia, Cyprus.
- General Department (Physics-Mathematics), Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Armstrong IS, Saint KJ, Tonge CM, Arumugam P. Evaluation of general-purpose collimators against high-resolution collimators with resolution recovery with a view to reducing radiation dose in myocardial perfusion SPECT: A preliminary phantom study. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:596-604. [PMID: 26809437 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing focus on reducing radiation dose to patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging. This preliminary phantom study aims to evaluate the use of general-purpose collimators with resolution recovery (RR) to allow a reduction in patient radiation dose. METHODS Images of a cardiac torso phantom with inferior and anterior wall defects were acquired on a GE Infinia and Siemens Symbia T6 using both high-resolution and general-purpose collimators. Imaging time, a surrogate for administered activity, was reduced between 35% and 40% with general-purpose collimators to match the counts acquired with high-resolution collimators. Images were reconstructed with RR with and without attenuation correction. Two pixel sizes were also investigated. Defect contrast was measured. RESULTS Defect contrast on general-purpose images was superior or comparable to the high-resolution collimators on both systems despite the reduced imaging time. Infinia general-purpose images required a smaller pixel size to be used to maintain defect contrast, while Symbia T6 general-purpose images did not require a change in pixel size to that used for standard myocardial perfusion SPECT. CONCLUSION This study suggests that general-purpose collimators with RR offer a potential for substantial dose reductions while providing similar or better image quality to images acquired using high-resolution collimators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Armstrong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom.
| | - Kimberley J Saint
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M Tonge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Parthiban Arumugam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom
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van Dijk JD, Mouden M, Ottervanger JP, van Dalen JA, Knollema S, Slump CH, Jager PL. Value of attenuation correction in stress-only myocardial perfusion imaging using CZT-SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:395-401. [PMID: 26780528 PMCID: PMC5413515 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attenuation correction (AC) improves the diagnostic outcome of stress-only myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using conventional SPECT. Our aim was to determine the value of AC using a cadmium zinc telluride-based (CZT)-SPECT camera. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively included 107 consecutive patients who underwent stress-optional rest MPI CZT-SPECT/CT. Next, we created three types of images for each patient; (1) only displaying reconstructed data without the CT-based AC (NC), (2) only displaying AC, and (3) with both NC and AC (NC + AC). Next, two experienced physicians visually interpreted these 321 randomized images as normal, equivocal, or abnormal. Image outcome was compared with all hard events over a mean follow-up time of 47.7 ± 9.8 months. The percentage of images interpreted as normal increased from 45% using the NC images to 72% using AC and to 67% using NC + AC images (P < .001). Hard event hazard ratios for images interpreted as normal were not different between using NC and AC (1.01, P = .99), or NC and NC + AC images (0.97, P = .97). CONCLUSIONS AC lowers the need for additional rest imaging in stress-first MPI using CZT-SPECT, while long-term patient outcome remained identical. Use of AC reduces the need for additional rest imaging, decreasing the mean effective dose by up to 1.2 mSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D van Dijk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, 8000 GK, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
- MIRA: Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - M Mouden
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - J P Ottervanger
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - J A van Dalen
- Department of Medical Physics, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - S Knollema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, 8000 GK, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - C H Slump
- MIRA: Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - P L Jager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, 8000 GK, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Lima R, Peclat T, Soares T, Ferreira C, Souza AC, Camargo G. Comparison of the prognostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging using a CZT-SPECT camera with a conventional anger camera. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:245-251. [PMID: 27510176 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) cameras allow faster exams with less radiation dose but there are little data comparing its prognosis information with that of dedicated cardiac Na-I SPECT cameras OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare the prognostic value of MPI using an ultrafast protocol with low radiation dose in a CZT-SPECT and a traditional one. METHODS Group 1 was submitted to a two-day MIBI protocol in a conventional camera, and group 2 was submitted to a 1-day MIBI protocol in CZT camera. MPI were classified as normal or abnormal, and perfusion scores were calculated. Propensity score matching methods were performed RESULTS: 3554 patients were followed during 33±8 months. Groups 1 and 2 had similar distribution of age, gender, body mass index, risk factors, previous revascularization, and use of pharmacological stress. Group 1 had more abnormal scans, higher scores than group 2. Annualized hard events rate was higher in group 1 with normal scans but frequency of revascularization was similar to normal group 2. Patients with abnormal scans had similar event rates in both groups CONCLUSION: New protocol of MPI in CZT-SPECT showed similar prognostic results to those obtained in dedicated cardiac Na-I SPECT camera, with lower prevalence of hard events in patients with normal scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Lima
- Department of Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Nuclear Medicine, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Thais Peclat
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thalita Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caio Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Camargo
- Department of Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nakanishi K, Sakata R, Takaki A, Nakasone Y, Kadota M, Ito S. [Basic Study for the Purpose of Developing a Quantitative 67Ga-SPECT Measurement Method]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2017; 73:12-19. [PMID: 28111393 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2017_jsrt_73.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 67Ga-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images vary according to the imaging time and image display methods. The calculation of an index, such as the standardized uptake value used in positron emission tomography, from 67Ga-SPECT images would enable the accurate evaluation of the region of accumulation. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the conversion formula, the lower detection limit (LDL), and recovery coefficient (RC) for quantifying the radiation concentration in the 67Ga accumulation site. METHODS After chronologically obtaining SPECT/CT images at a radiation concentration of 1.0-442.4 kBq/mL with 27 bottles (diameter: 48 mm, 100 mL), the radiation concentration conversion formula was calculated using the successive approximation reconstruction method. The conversion coefficient was then calculated from the relationship between the count rate and the radiation concentration, and the LDL was determined. To compensate for the partial volume effect, the recovery curve was calculated using the mean SPECT count for six bottles (diameter: 9, 18, 29, 38, 48, and 94 mm). RESULTS There was a linear relationship between the radiation concentration and the count rate with a good correlation (r=0.99). The LDL was 1.0 kBq/mL. The recovery curve reached a plateau at a diameter of at least 48 mm. CONCLUSION The calculation of the absorbed dose index was possible using the radiation concentration conversion formula and the RC.
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Abstract
In vivo molecular imaging is a challenging task and no single type of imaging system provides an ideal solution. Nuclear medicine techniques like SPECT and PET provide excellent sensitivity but have poor spatial resolution. Optical imaging has excellent sensitivity and spatial resolution, but light photons interact strongly with tissues and so only small animals and targets near the surface can be accurately visualized. CT and MRI have exquisite spatial resolution, but greatly reduced sensitivity. To overcome the limitations of individual modalities, molecular imaging systems often combine individual cameras together, for example, merging nuclear medicine cameras with CT or MRI to allow the visualization of molecular processes with both high sensitivity and high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Glenn Wells
- H1233, Cardiac Imaging, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada.
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Oldan JD, Shaw LK, Hofmann P, Phelan M, Nelson J, Pagnanelli R, Borges-Neto S. Prognostic value of the cadmium-zinc-telluride camera: A comparison with a conventional (Anger) camera. J Nucl Cardiol 2016; 23:1280-1287. [PMID: 26122879 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New multipinhole cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) cameras allow for faster imaging and lower radiation doses for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies, but assessment of prognostic ability is necessary. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected data from all myocardial SPECT perfusion studies performed over 15 months at our institution, using either a CZT or conventional Anger camera. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the relationship between camera type, imaging results, and either death or myocardial infarction (MI). Clinical variables including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and historical risk factors were used for population description and model adjustments. We had 2,088 patients with a total of 69 deaths and 65 MIs (122 events altogether). A 3% increase in DDB (difference defect burden) represented a 12% increase in the risk of death or MI, whereas a 3% increase in rest defect burden or stress defect burden represented an 8% increase; these risks were the same for both cameras (P > .24, interaction tests). CONCLUSIONS The CZT camera has similar prognostic values for death and MI to conventional Anger cameras. This suggests that it may successfully be used to decrease patient dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Daniel Oldan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- , 11328 Euclid Avenue, Apt. 303, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Linda K Shaw
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Paul Hofmann
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Matthew Phelan
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Jeffrey Nelson
- Clinical Imaging Physics Group, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Robert Pagnanelli
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Salvador Borges-Neto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Moore SC, Park MA, Liu Z, Lyon MC, Johnson LC, Lushear VH, Westberg JG, Metzler SD. Design of a dual-resolution collimator for preclinical cardiac SPECT with a stationary triple-detector system. Med Phys 2016; 43:6336. [PMID: 27908172 PMCID: PMC5097051 DOI: 10.1118/1.4966697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE One approach to preclinical single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging that provides both high resolution and high sensitivity is based on imaging a mouse inside a collimating tube; many magnified pinhole projection images from a small target region, e.g., the heart, can be recorded simultaneously on multiple detectors with little multiplexing since each pinhole aperture's opening angle is restricted to view mostly the target organ. However, to obtain complete data for reconstruction, it may be necessary to scan the mouse through the target region of the tube. The authors are developing a different approach based on acquisition and reconstruction of both low-resolution and high-resolution projection data acquired sequentially through many pinholes embedded in two tungsten tube sections of different diameters, a "scout" section and a high-resolution section, placed end-to-end along the axis of a triple-head clinical SPECT scanner. This paper describes the design procedures used to determine the geometric parameters of two new collimator-tube sections, as well as one approach for joint reconstruction of data acquired from both sections. METHODS The high-resolution section was designed by projecting as many pinhole views of a simulated mouse heart as possible over each detector's camera, with no overlapping of heart projections and minimal overlapping between adjacent "hot" organ and cardiac projections. The authors then jointly optimized the geometric design of the scout section for a triple-detector camera system, as well as the number of maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) iterations required to provide minimum mean-squared error of reconstructed voxel counts throughout a 7-cm axial range, with the constraints of fixed, 2.4-mm scout system resolution at the tube center for all apertures, limited multiplexing, and no detector motion. Simulated mouse projection data from both tube sections were then reconstructed to illustrate a simple approach for using high-resolution data to improve the whole-body scout images within a cylindrical region surrounding the heart. RESULTS The 2-cm-inner-radius high-resolution tube section accommodated 87 platinum-iridium pinhole inserts, each with a 0.3-mm square aperture; their radial distances from the centerline of the system ranged from 2.2 to 3.0 cm. The optimal radial distance to the closest scout pinhole and optimal number of MLEM iterations were 4.4 cm and 35 iterations, respectively, and the radial distances of the 39 scout pinholes ranged from 4.4 to 4.8 cm; aperture sizes ranged from 1.1 to 1.7 mm transaxially and 0.9-1.5 mm axially. After including data from the high-resolution section viewing the heart region into whole-body mouse reconstructions from scout data, the authors obtained high-resolution images of the heart, embedded within lower resolution images of the body, with minimal artifacts. CONCLUSIONS The authors have optimized a dual-resolution collimator tube that provides both whole-body projections of a mouse and more targeted projections centered on the heart that can be jointly reconstructed to obtain high-resolution images of the heart embedded within lower-resolution whole-body images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Moore
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mi-Ae Park
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | - Lindsay C Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | | | | | - Scott D Metzler
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Duvall WL, Guma-Demers KA, George T, Henzlova MJ. Radiation reduction and faster acquisition times with SPECT gated blood pool scans using a high-efficiency cardiac SPECT camera. J Nucl Cardiol 2016; 23:1128-1138. [PMID: 26231888 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Planar gated blood pool scans are an established method for the evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) but the camera technology used for these studies has not significantly changed in decades. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of new high-efficiency SPECT gated blood pool scans compared to traditional scans and determine if they can be performed with lower radiation doses or faster acquisition times. METHODS Patients undergoing a planar gated blood pool scan on a Na-I SPECT camera who consented to participate were subsequently imaged for 5 minutes in "List Mode" using a high-efficiency SPECT camera. LVEF was calculated for both the planar study and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes of acquisition on the high-efficiency camera. Counts acquired in the field of view, counts in the cardiac blood pool and LVEF were compared. RESULTS A total of 46 patients were analyzed (48% male, mean age 55 years, and BMI 27.6 kg/m(2)) who received an average Tc-99m dose of 20.3 mCi (5.3 mSv), 17 (37%) with abnormal LVEF's. The Na-I camera averaged 24,514 counts/min/mCi in the field of view and 8662 counts/min/mCi in the cardiac blood pool while the high-efficiency camera averaged 65,219 counts/min/mCi and 41,427 counts/min/mCi, respectively. Compared to the planar calculation of LVEF, 1-minute SPECT LVEF was on average 8.6 ± 10.7 higher, 2 minutes 3.5 ± 7.6 higher, 3 minutes 2.9 ± 8.5 higher, 4 minutes 2.5 ± 7.0 higher, and 5 minutes 1.1 ± 6.2 higher. Good correlation was seen between the SPECT LVEF's and the planar LVEF's across all acquisition times with correlation coefficients of 0.74-0.93. CONCLUSIONS High-efficiency SPECT technology can reduce radiation exposure to patients during gated blood pool imaging or decrease acquisition time while maintaining diagnostic accuracy. Based on the improved count sensitivity with high-efficiency SPECT, a 50% reduction in injected activity may be achievable while maintaining short imaging times of 5 minutes, with further reduction possible at longer imaging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lane Duvall
- Hartford Hospital Division of Cardiology (Henry Low Heart Center), Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT, 06102, USA.
| | - Krista A Guma-Demers
- Mount Sinai Division of Cardiology (Mount Sinai Heart), Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Titus George
- Mount Sinai Division of Cardiology (Mount Sinai Heart), Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Milena J Henzlova
- Mount Sinai Division of Cardiology (Mount Sinai Heart), Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Although the new solid-state dedicated cardiac cameras provide excellent spatial and energy resolution and allow for markedly reduced SPECT acquisition times and/or injected radiopharmaceutical activity, they have some distinct disadvantages compared to traditional sodium iodide SPECT cameras. They are expensive. Attenuation correction is not available. Cardio-focused collimation, advantageous to increase depth-dependent resolution and myocardial count density, accentuates diaphragmatic attenuation and scatter from subdiaphragmatic structures. Although supplemental prone imaging is therefore routinely advised, many patients cannot tolerate it. Moreover, very large patients cannot be accommodated in the solid-state camera gantries. Since data are acquired simultaneously with an arc of solid-state detectors around the chest, no temporally dependent "rotating" projection images are obtained. Therefore, patient motion can be neither detected nor corrected. In contrast, traditional sodium iodide SPECT cameras provide rotating projection images to allow technologists and physicians to detect and correct patient motion and to accurately detect the position of soft tissue attenuators and to anticipate associated artifacts. Very large patients are easily accommodated. Low-dose x-ray attenuation correction is widely available. Also, relatively inexpensive low-count density software is provided by many vendors, allowing shorter SPECT acquisition times and reduced injected activity approaching that achievable with solid-state cameras.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gordon DePuey
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mt. Sinai St. Luke's and Mt. Sinai West Hospitals, New York, NY, USA.
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Zoccarato O, Lizio D, Savi A, Indovina L, Scabbio C, Leva L, Del Sole A, Marcassa C, Matheoud R, Lecchi M, Brambilla M. Comparative analysis of cadmium-zincum-telluride cameras dedicated to myocardial perfusion SPECT: A phantom study. J Nucl Cardiol 2016; 23:885-93. [PMID: 26134885 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This investigation used image data generated by an anthropomorphic phantom with a cardiac insert for a comparison between two solid state cameras: D-SPECT and D530c. METHODS For each camera, two sets (with and without a simulated transmural defect (TD)) of scans were acquired starting from the in vivo standard count statistics in the left ventricle (LV). Other two acquisitions corresponding to 150% and 50% of the reference count statistics were acquired. Five performance indices related to spatial resolution, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were analyzed. RESULTS D-SPECT showed a lower LV wall thickness and an inferior sharpness than D530c. No significant differences were found in terms of contrast between LV wall and the inner cavity, TD contrast or CNR. No significant differences were observed in CNR when moving from the reference level of count statistics down to 50% or up to 150% of the counts acquired on the LV. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that D-SPECT and D530c have different performances. The lack of differences in the image performance indices along the range of count statistics explored, indicates that there is the possibility for a further reduction in the injected activity and/or the acquisition time, for both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Zoccarato
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Cardiology, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Domenico Lizio
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Annarita Savi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Indovina
- Department of Medical Physics, Polyclinic Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Scabbio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Leva
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Sole
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcassa
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Cardiology, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Roberta Matheoud
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Michela Lecchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Brambilla
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy.
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital of Novara, Novara, Italy.
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Mejia J, Miranda ACC, Durante ACR, de Oliveira LR, de Barboza MRFF, Rosell KT, Jardim DP, Campos AH, dos Reis MA, Catanoso MF, Galvis-Alonso OY, Cabral FR. Preclinical molecular imaging: development of instrumentation for translational research with small laboratory animals. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2016; 14:408-414. [PMID: 27759832 PMCID: PMC5234755 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082016ao3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To present the result of upgrading a clinical gamma-camera to be used to obtain in vivo tomographic images of small animal organs, and its application to register cardiac, renal and neurological images. METHODS: An updated version of the miniSPECT upgrading device was built, which is composed of mechanical, electronic and software subsystems. The device was attached to a Discovery VH (General Electric Healthcare) gamma-camera, which was retired from the clinical service and installed at the Centro de Imagem Pré-Clínica of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. The combined system was characterized, determining operational parameters, such as spatial resolution, magnification, maximum acceptable target size, number of projections, and acquisition and reconstruction times. RESULTS: Images were obtained with 0.5mm spatial resolution, with acquisition and reconstruction times between 30 and 45 minutes, using iterative reconstruction with 10 to 20 iterations and 4 projection subsets. The system was validated acquiring in vivo tomographic images of the heart, kidneys and brain of normal animals (mice and adult rats), using the radiopharmaceuticals technetium-labeled hexakis-2-methoxy-isobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-Sestamibi), technetium-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) and technetium-labeled hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO). CONCLUSION: This kind of application, which consists in the adaptation for an alternative objective of already existing instrumentation, resulted in a low-cost infrastructure option, allowing to carry out large scale in vivo studies with enhanced quality in several areas, such as neurology, nephrology, cardiology, among others. OBJETIVO: Apresentar o resultado da adaptação de uma gama câmara clínica para uso dedicado na obtenção de imagens tomográficas in vivo de órgãos de pequenos animais de experimentação, e de sua aplicação na obtenção de imagens cardíacas, renais e neurológicas. MÉTODOS: Foi construída uma versão atualizada do dispositivo de adaptação miniSPECT, composto por três subsistemas: mecânico, eletrônico e de software. O dispositivo foi montado em uma câmara Discovery VH da General Electric Healthcare, retirada do serviço clínico e instalada no Centro de Imagem Pré-Clínica do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. O sistema combinado foi caracterizado, determinando parâmetros de funcionamento como resolução espacial, magnificação, limites de tamanho dos alvos de estudo, número de projeções, tempo de registro e tempo de reconstrução das imagens tomográficas. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidas imagens com resolução espacial de até 0,5mm, com tempos de registro e reconstrução de 30 a 45 minutos, utilizando reconstrução iterativa com 10 a 20 iterações e 4 subconjuntos de projeções. O sistema foi validado obtendo imagens tomográficas in vivo do coração, dos rins e do cérebro de animais normais (camundongos e ratos adultos), utilizando os radiofármacos hexaquis-2-metoxi-isobutil-isonitrila marcado com 99mTc (Sestamibi-99mTc), ácido dimercaptosuccínico marcado com 99mTc (DMSA-99mTc) e hexametil-propileno-amina-oxima marcada com 99mTc (HMPAO-99mTc). CONCLUSÃO: Este tipo de aplicação, que consiste na adaptação para um objetivo alternativo de instrumentação já existente, constituiu-se em uma opção de infraestrutura de baixo custo, que permite realizar estudos in vivo em larga escala, com qualidade aprimorada, em áreas diversas, como neurologia, nefrologia, cardiologia, entre outras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Mejia
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer (other than skin cancer) among men in the United States. Although prostate cancer is one of the few cancers that grow so slowly that it may never threaten the lives of some patients, it can be lethal once metastasized. Indium-111 capromab pendetide (ProstaScint®, Cytogen Corporation, Princeton, NJ) imaging is indicated for staging and recurrence detection of the disease, and is particularly useful to determine whether or not the disease has spread to distant metastatic sites. However, the interpretation of 111 In-capromab pendetide is challenging without correlated structural information mostly because the radiopharmaceutical demonstrates nonspecific uptake in the normal vasculature, bowel, bone marrow, and the prostate gland. We developed an improved method of imaging and localizing 111 In-Capromab pendetide using a SPECT/CT imaging system. The specific goals included: i) development and application of a novel iterative SPECT reconstruction algorithm that utilizes a priori information from coregistered CT; and ii) assessment of clinical impact of adding SPECT/CT for prostate cancer imaging with capromab pendetide utilizing the standard and novel reconstruction techniques. Patient imaging studies with capromab pendetide were performed from 1999 to 2004 using two different SPECT/CT scanners, a prototype SPECT/CT system and a commercial SPECT/CT system (Discovery VH, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI). SPECT projection data from both systems were reconstructed using an experimental iterative algorithm that compensates for both photon attenuation and collimator blurring. In addition, the data obtained from the commercial system were reconstructed with attenuation correction using an OSEM reconstruction supplied by the camera manufacturer for routine clinical interpretation. For 12 sets of patient data, SPECT images reconstructed using the experimental algorithm were interpreted separately and compared with interpretation of images obtained using the standard reconstruction technique. The experimental reconstruction algorithm improved spatial resolution, reduced streak artifacts, and yielded a better correlation with anatomic details of CT in comparison to conventional reconstruction methods ( e.g., filtered back-projection or OSEM with attenuation correction only). Images produced with the experimental algorithm produced a subjective improvement in the confidence of interpretation for 11 of 12 studies. There were also changes in interpretations for 4 of 12 studies although the changes were not sufficient to alter prognosis or the patient treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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38
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Fuerst B, Sprung J, Pinto F, Frisch B, Wendler T, Simon H, Mengus L, van den Berg NS, van der Poel HG, van Leeuwen FWB, Navab N. First Robotic SPECT for Minimally Invasive Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2016; 35:830-838. [PMID: 26561283 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2015.2498125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present the usage of a drop-in gamma probe for intra-operative Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging in the scope of minimally invasive robot-assisted interventions. The probe is designed to be inserted and reside inside the abdominal cavity during the intervention. It is grasped during the procedure using a robotic laparoscopic gripper enabling full six degrees of freedom handling by the surgeon. We demonstrate the first deployment of the tracked probe for intra-operative in-patient robotic SPECT enabling augmented-reality image guidance. The hybrid mechanical- and image-based in-patient probe tracking is shown to have an accuracy of 0.2 mm. The overall system performance is evaluated and tested with a phantom for gynecological sentinel lymph node interventions and compared to ground-truth data yielding a mean reconstruction accuracy of 0.67 mm.
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Sharir T, Pinskiy M, Pardes A, Rochman A, Prokhorov V, Kovalski G, Merzon K, Bojko A, Brodkin B. Comparison of the diagnostic accuracies of very low stress-dose with standard-dose myocardial perfusion imaging: Automated quantification of one-day, stress-first SPECT using a CZT camera. J Nucl Cardiol 2016; 23:11-20. [PMID: 26012642 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated accurate diagnosis of reduced dose myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) technology. We compared the diagnostic performances of very low stress-dose (<2 mSv) with standard-dose stress-first, quantitative MPI using a CZT camera. METHODS Patients without known coronary artery- disease who underwent a stress-first Tc-99 m sestamibi CZT-MPI and invasive coronary angiography (ICA), and low-risk patients without ICA were included. A stress-rest standard-dose (10/30 mCi) MPI and a low-dose (5/15 mCi) MPI were compared. Normal limits for quantification were developed from 40 (20 males) low-risk patients, and total perfusion deficit (TPD) was derived. RESULTS 208 patients who underwent MPI and ICA, and 76 low-risk patients were included. Of these, 128 had a standard-dose MPI and 156 had a low-dose MPI. Stress-doses in low-dose and standard-dose groups were 5.9 ± 1.2 vs 10.2 ± 0.5 mCi (1.7 ± 0.3 vs 3.0 ± 0.1 mSv), respectively, P < 0.001, and stress-rest effective radiation was 6.9 ± 1.1 vs 11.7 ± 0.4 mSv, respectively, P < 0.001. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values in the low-dose and standard-dose groups were 86.1%, 76.6%, and 81.4%; and 90.6%, 78.1%, and 84.4%, respectively, P = ns. Using TPD prone, specificity values were 84.9% and 80.3%, respectively, P = ns. CONCLUSION One-day stress-first MPI with 50% radiation reduction and a very low stress-dose (<2 mSv) using CZT technology and quantitative supine and prone analysis provided a high diagnostic value, similar to standard-dose MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Sharir
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Assuta Medical Centers, 96 Igal Alon, C Building, 67891, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Marina Pinskiy
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Assuta Medical Centers, 96 Igal Alon, C Building, 67891, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Pardes
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Assuta Medical Centers, 96 Igal Alon, C Building, 67891, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arik Rochman
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Assuta Medical Centers, 96 Igal Alon, C Building, 67891, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vitali Prokhorov
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Assuta Medical Centers, 96 Igal Alon, C Building, 67891, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Konstantine Merzon
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Assuta Medical Centers, 96 Igal Alon, C Building, 67891, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrzej Bojko
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Assuta Medical Centers, 96 Igal Alon, C Building, 67891, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Boris Brodkin
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Assuta Medical Centers, 96 Igal Alon, C Building, 67891, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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van Dijk JD, Jager PL, Ottervanger JP, de Boer J, Oostdijk AHJ, Engbers EM, Slump CH, Knollema S, van Dalen JA. Development and validation of a patient-tailored dose regime in myocardial perfusion imaging using conventional SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 2016; 23:134-42. [PMID: 26353751 PMCID: PMC4720700 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decreasing image quality in heavier patients can be compensated by administration of a patient-specific dose in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using a cadmium zinc telluride-based SPECT camera. Our aim was to determine if the same can be achieved when using a conventional SPECT camera. METHODS 148 patients underwent SPECT stress MPI using a fixed Tc-99m tetrofosmin tracer dose. Measured photon counts were normalized to administered tracer dose and scan time and were correlated with body weight, body mass index, and mass per length to find the best predicting parameter. From these data, a protocol to provide constant image quality was derived, and subsequently validated in 125 new patients. RESULTS Body weight was found to be the best predicting parameter for image quality and was used to derive a new dose formula; A admin (MBq) = 223·body weight (kg)(0.65)/T scan (min). The measured photon counts decreased in heavier patients when using a fixed dose (P < .01) but this was no longer observed after applying a body-weight-dependent protocol (P = .20). CONCLUSIONS Application of a patient-specific protocol resulted in an image quality less depending on patient's weight. The results are most likely independent of the type of SPECT camera used, and, hence, adoption of patient-specific dose and scan time protocols is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D van Dijk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, Zwolle, 8000 GK, The Netherlands.
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - P L Jager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, Zwolle, 8000 GK, The Netherlands.
| | - J P Ottervanger
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - J de Boer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, Zwolle, 8000 GK, The Netherlands.
| | - A H J Oostdijk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, Zwolle, 8000 GK, The Netherlands.
| | - E M Engbers
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - C H Slump
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - S Knollema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala Hospital, PO Box 10400, Zwolle, 8000 GK, The Netherlands.
| | - J A van Dalen
- Department of Medical Physics, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
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Kobayashi M, Matsunari I, Nishi K, Mizutani A, Miyazaki Y, Ogai K, Sugama J, Shiba K, Kawai K, Kinuya S. Simultaneous acquisition of (99m)Tc- and (123)I-labeled radiotracers using a preclinical SPECT scanner with CZT detectors. Ann Nucl Med 2016; 30:263-71. [PMID: 26747655 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-1055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Simultaneous acquisition of (99m)Tc and (123)I was evaluated using a preclinical SPECT scanner with cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)-based detectors. METHODS 10-ml cylindrical syringes contained about 37 MBq (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin ((99m)Tc-TF) or 37 MBq (123)I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3R,S-methyl pentadecanoic acid ((123)I-BMIPP) were used to assess the relationship between these SPECT radioactive counts and radioactivity. Two 10-ml syringes contained 100 or 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP to assess the influence of (99m)Tc upscatter and (123)I downscatter, respectively. A rat-sized cylindrical phantom also contained both 100 or 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP. The two 10-ml syringes and phantom were scanned using a pinhole collimator for rats. Myocardial infarction model rats were examined using 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP. Two 1-ml syringes contained 105 MBq (99m)Tc-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ((99m)Tc-HMPAO) and 35 MBq (123)I-labeled N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT). The two 1-ml syringes were scanned using a pinhole collimator for mice. Normal mice were examined using 105 MBq (99m)Tc-HMPAO and 35 MBq (123)I-FP-CIT. RESULTS The relationship between SPECT radioactive counts and radioactivity was excellent. Downscatter contamination of (123)I-BMIPP exhibited fewer radioactive counts for 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF without scatter correction (SC) in 125-150 keV. There was no upscatter contamination of (99m)Tc-TF in 150-175 keV. In the rat-sized phantom, the radioactive count ratio decreased to 4.0 % for 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF without SC in 125-150 keV. In the rats, myocardial images and radioactive counts of (99m)Tc-TF with the dual tracer were identical to those of the (99m)Tc-TF single injection. Downscatter contamination of (123)I-FP-CIT was 4.2 % without SC in 125-150 keV. In the first injection of (99m)Tc-HMPAO and second injection of (123)I-FP-CIT, brain images and radioactive counts of (99m)Tc-HMPAO with the dual tracer in normal mice also were the similar to those of the (99m)Tc-HMPAO single injection. In the first injection of (123)I-FP-CIT and second injection of (99m)Tc-HMPAO, the brain images and radioactive counts with the dual tracer were not much different from those of the (123)I-FP-CIT single injection. CONCLUSIONS Dual-tracer imaging of (99m)Tc- and (123)I-labeled radiotracers is feasible in a preclinical SPECT scanner with CZT detector. When higher radioactivity of (99m)Tc-labeled radiotracers relative to (123)I-labeled radiotracers is applied, correction methods are not necessarily required for the quantification of (99m)Tc- and (123)I-labeled radiotracers when using a preclinical SPECT scanner with CZT detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kobayashi
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, 920-0942, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Matsunari
- Clinical Research Department, The Medical and Pharmacological Research Center Foundation, Hakui, Japan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kodai Nishi
- Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Asuka Mizutani
- Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Miyazaki
- Clinical Research Department, The Medical and Pharmacological Research Center Foundation, Hakui, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogai
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Jyunko Sugama
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Division of Tracer Kinetics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kawai
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Seigo Kinuya
- School of Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Abstract
The concept of Compton camera originates from the need to improve sensitivity in Single Photon Emission Imaging, which uses hole collimators. It advocates electronic collimation which registers radiation emitted by the radiating object and scattered by a scattering detector placed before an absorption detector. The data consists of three dimensional conical projections of the activity density of a radio-tracer. An analytic reconstruction method of this density is presently not available. To evaluate its imaging power, we consider a particular two-dimensional Compton camera in which the collected data consists of the set of integrals of the density on rotating V-lines. In this communication, we present simulation results obtained from an algebraic reconstruction technique, which illustrate and validate the imaging capability of this Compton camera modality.
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Chan C, Dey J, Grobshtein Y, Wu J, Liu YH, Lampert R, Sinusas AJ, Liu C. The impact of system matrix dimension on small FOV SPECT reconstruction with truncated projections. Med Phys 2016; 43:213. [PMID: 26745914 PMCID: PMC4691252 DOI: 10.1118/1.4938098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A dedicated cardiac hybrid single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT scanner that uses cadmium zinc telluride detectors and multiple pinhole collimators for stationary acquisition offers many advantages. However, the impact of the reconstruction system matrix (SM) dimension on the reconstructed image quality from truncated projections and 19 angular samples acquired on this scanner has not been extensively investigated. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the impact of the dimensions of SM and the use of body contour derived from adjunctive CT imaging as an object support in reconstruction on this scanner, in relation to background extracardiac activity. METHODS The authors first simulated a generic SPECT/CT system to image four NCAT phantoms with various levels of extracardiac activity and compared the reconstructions using SM in different dimensions and with/without body contour as a support for quantitative evaluations. The authors then compared the reconstructions of 18 patient studies, which were acquired on a GE Discovery NM570c scanner following injection of different radiotracers, including (99m)Tc-Tetrofosmin and (123)I-mIBG, comparing the scanner's default SM that incompletely covers the body with a large SM that incorporates a patient specific full body contour. RESULTS The simulation studies showed that the reconstructions using a SM that only partially covers the body yielded artifacts on the edge of the field of view (FOV), overestimation of activity and increased nonuniformity in the blood pool for the phantoms with higher relative levels of extracardiac activity. However, the impact on the quantitative accuracy in the high activity region, such as the myocardium, was subtle. On the other hand, an excessively large SM that enclosed the entire body alleviated the artifacts and reduced overestimation in the blood pool, but yielded slight underestimation in myocardium and defect regions. The reconstruction using the larger SM with body contour yielded the most quantitatively accurate results in all the regions of interest for a range of uptake levels in the extracardiac regions. In patient studies, the SM incorporating patient specific body contour minimized extracardiac artifacts, yielded similar myocardial activity, lower blood pool activity, and subsequently improved myocardium-to-blood pool contrast (p < 0.0001) by an average of 7% (range 0%-18%) across all the patients, compared to the reconstructions using the scanner's default SM. CONCLUSIONS Their results demonstrate that using a large SM that incorporates a CT derived body contour in the reconstruction could improve quantitative accuracy within the FOV for clinical studies with high extracardiac activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Chan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Joyoni Dey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medical Physics Program, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | | | - Jing Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Yi-Hwa Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Rachel Lampert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Shibutani T, Onoguchi M, Funayama R, Nakajima K, Matsuo S, Yoneyama H, Konishi T, Kinuya S. [The Optimal Reconstruction Parameters by Scatter and Attenuation Corrections Using Multi-focus Collimator System in Thallium-201 Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Study]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2015; 71:1103-1112. [PMID: 26596202 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2015_jsrt_71.11.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal the optimal reconstruction parameters of ordered subset conjugates gradient minimizer (OSCGM) by no correction (NC), attenuation correction (AC), and AC+scatter correction (ACSC) using IQ-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system in thallium-201 myocardial perfusion SPECT. Myocardial phantom acquired two patterns, with or without defect. Myocardial images were performed 5-point scale visual score and quantitative evaluations using contrast, uptake, and uniformity about the subset and update (subset×iteration) of OSCGM and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Gaussian filter by three corrections. We decided on optimal reconstruction parameters of OSCGM by three corrections. The number of subsets to create suitable images were 3 or 5 for NC and AC, 2 or 3 for ACSC. The updates to create suitable images were 30 or 40 for NC, 40 or 60 for AC, and 30 for ACSC. Furthermore, the FWHM of Gaussian filters were 9.6 mm or 12 mm for NC and ACSC, 7.2 mm or 9.6 mm for AC. In conclusion, the following optimal reconstruction parameters of OSCGM were decided; NC: subset 5, iteration 8 and FWHM 9.6 mm, AC: subset 5, iteration 8 and FWHM 7.2 mm, ACSC: subset 3, iteration 10 and FWHM 9.6 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Shibutani
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
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Ivashchenko O, van der Have F, Villena JL, Groen HC, Ramakers RM, Weinans HH, Beekman FJ. Quarter-millimeter-resolution molecular mouse imaging with U-SPECT⁺. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 25429783 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited spatial resolution of preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has slowed down applications of molecular imaging in small animals. Here we present the latest-generation U-SPECT system (U-SPECT⁺, MILabs, Utrecht, the Netherlands) enabling radionuclide imaging of mice with quarter-millimeter resolution. The system was equipped with the newest high-resolution collimator with 0.25 mm diameter circular pinholes. It was calibrated with technetium-99 m point source measurements from which the system matrix was calculated. Images were reconstructed using pixel-based ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM). Various phantoms and mouse SPECT scans were acquired. The reconstructed spatial resolution (the smallest visible capillary diameter in a hot-rod resolution phantom) was 0.25 mm. Knee joint images show tiny structures such as the femur epicondyle sulcus, as well as a clear separation between cortical and trabecular bone structures. In addition, time-activity curves of the lumbar spine illustrated that tracer dynamics in tiny tissue amounts could be measured. U-SPECT⁺ allows discrimination between molecular concentrations in adjacent volumes of as small as 0.015 μL, which is significantly better than can be imaged by any existing SPECT or PET system. This increase in the level of detail makes it more and more attractive to replace ex vivo methods and allows monitoring biological processes in tiny parts of organs in vivo.
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Grosser OS, Kupitz D, Ruf J, Czuczwara D, Steffen IG, Furth C, Thormann M, Loewenthal D, Ricke J, Amthauer H. Optimization of SPECT-CT Hybrid Imaging Using Iterative Image Reconstruction for Low-Dose CT: A Phantom Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138658. [PMID: 26390216 PMCID: PMC4577107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hybrid imaging combines nuclear medicine imaging such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT). Through this hybrid design, scanned patients accumulate radiation exposure from both applications. Imaging modalities have been the subject of long-term optimization efforts, focusing on diagnostic applications. It was the aim of this study to investigate the influence of an iterative CT image reconstruction algorithm (ASIR) on the image quality of the low-dose CT images. Methodology/Principal Findings Examinations were performed with a SPECT-CT scanner with standardized CT and SPECT-phantom geometries and CT protocols with systematically reduced X-ray tube currents. Analyses included image quality with respect to photon flux. Results were compared to the standard FBP reconstructed images. The general impact of the CT-based attenuation maps used during SPECT reconstruction was examined for two SPECT phantoms. Using ASIR for image reconstructions, image noise was reduced compared to FBP reconstructions for the same X-ray tube current. The Hounsfield unit (HU) values reconstructed by ASIR were correlated to the FBP HU values(R2 ≥ 0.88) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was improved by ASIR. However, for a phantom with increased attenuation, the HU values shifted for low X-ray tube currents I ≤ 60 mA (p ≤ 0.04). In addition, the shift of the HU values was observed within the attenuation corrected SPECT images for very low X-ray tube currents (I ≤ 20 mA, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion/Significance In general, the decrease in X-ray tube current up to 30 mA in combination with ASIR led to a reduction of CT-related radiation exposure without a significant decrease in image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S. Grosser
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Dennis Kupitz
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juri Ruf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Damian Czuczwara
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ingo G. Steffen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Furth
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Thormann
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Loewenthal
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Holger Amthauer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Van Audenhaege K, Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S, Vanhove C, Metzler SD, Moore SC. Review of SPECT collimator selection, optimization, and fabrication for clinical and preclinical imaging. Med Phys 2015; 42:4796-813. [PMID: 26233207 PMCID: PMC5148182 DOI: 10.1118/1.4927061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In single photon emission computed tomography, the choice of the collimator has a major impact on the sensitivity and resolution of the system. Traditional parallel-hole and fan-beam collimators used in clinical practice, for example, have a relatively poor sensitivity and subcentimeter spatial resolution, while in small-animal imaging, pinhole collimators are used to obtain submillimeter resolution and multiple pinholes are often combined to increase sensitivity. This paper reviews methods for production, sensitivity maximization, and task-based optimization of collimation for both clinical and preclinical imaging applications. New opportunities for improved collimation are now arising primarily because of (i) new collimator-production techniques and (ii) detectors with improved intrinsic spatial resolution that have recently become available. These new technologies are expected to impact the design of collimators in the future. The authors also discuss concepts like septal penetration, high-resolution applications, multiplexing, sampling completeness, and adaptive systems, and the authors conclude with an example of an optimization study for a parallel-hole, fan-beam, cone-beam, and multiple-pinhole collimator for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Van Audenhaege
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP-IBiTech, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT, De Pintelaan 185 block B/5, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Roel Van Holen
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP-IBiTech, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT, De Pintelaan 185 block B/5, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Vandenberghe
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP-IBiTech, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT, De Pintelaan 185 block B/5, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP-IBiTech, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT, De Pintelaan 185 block B/5, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Scott D Metzler
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Stephen C Moore
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Soman
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, A-429 Scaife Hall, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA,
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Garcia EV. Proceedings of the cardiac PET summit meeting 12 may 2014: Cardiac PET and SPECT instrumentation. J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22:563-70. [PMID: 25824018 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in PET and SPECT and imaging hardware and software are vastly improving the noninvasive evaluation of myocardial perfusion and function. PET perfusion imaging has benefitted from the introduction of novel detectors that now allow true 3D imaging, and precise attenuation correction (AC). These developments have also resulted in perfusion images with higher spatial and contrast resolution that may be acquired in shorter protocols and/or with less patient radiation exposure than traditional PET or SPECT studies. Hybrid PET/CT cameras utilize transmission computed tomographic (CT) scans for AC, and offer the additional clinical advantages of evaluating coronary calcium and myocardial anatomy but at a higher cost than PET scanners that use (68)Ge radioactive line sources. As cardiac PET systems continue to improve, dedicated cardiac SPECT systems are also undergoing a profound change in their design. The scintillation camera general purpose design is being replaced with systems with multiple detectors focused on the heart yielding 5 to 10 times the sensitivity of conventional SPECT. As a result, shorter acquisition times and/or lower tracer doses produce higher quality SPECT images than were possible before. This article reviews these concepts and compares the attributes of PET and SPECT instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest V Garcia
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Room 1203, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,
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50
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Ko CL, Wu YW, Cheng MF, Yen RF, Wu WC, Tzen KY. Data-driven respiratory motion tracking and compensation in CZT cameras: a comprehensive analysis of phantom and human images. J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22:308-18. [PMID: 25120132 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-014-9963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study described a method for tracking and compensating respiratory motion in cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) cameras. We evaluated motion effects on myocardial perfusion imaging and assessed the usefulness of motion compensation in phantom and clinical studies. METHODS SPECT studies were obtained from an oscillating heart phantom and 552 patients using CZT cameras with list-mode acquisition. Images were reformatted in 500-ms frames, and the activity centroid was calculated as respiratory signal. The myocardial perfusion, left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, and LV volume were assessed before and after the motion compensation technique. RESULTS In phantom studies, we documented only minimal bias between simulated and measured shifts. Significantly reduced tracer activity, increased wall thickness and decreased volume in scans with 15 mm or more axial shifts were noted. In clinical studies, there was a higher prevalence of significant motion after treadmill exercise. The motion compensation technique could successfully compensate those motion artifacts. CONCLUSION The described method allows for tracking and compensating respiratory motion in CZT cameras. Significant respiratory motion is still not uncommon using CZT cameras, especially in patients who underwent treadmill tests. Motion blurring can be compensated using image processing techniques and image quality could be significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Lun Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, No. 579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Rd., Douliou City, 640, Yunlin County, Taiwan,
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