Post-hypnotic suggestion improves confidence and speed of memory access with long-lasting effects

In our study, we use the post-hypnotic suggestion of easy remembering to improve memory with long-lasting effects. We tested 24 highly suggestible participants in an online study. Participants learned word lists and recalled them later in a recognition memory task. At the beginning of the study, participants were hypnotized and the post-hypnotic suggestion to remember easily was associated with a cue that participants used during the recognition memory task. In a control condition, the same participants used a neutral cue. One week later, participants repeated both conditions with new word lists. Participants were significantly faster and more confident in their recognition ratings in the easy-remembering condition compared to the control condition, and this effect persisted over one week. Crucially, the increased speed and confidence in the easy-remembering condition did not affect memory accuracy. That makes our hypnosis intervention promising for patients experiencing subjective memory impairments. APA PSYCINFO CODES: 2343 (Learning and Memory), 2380 (Consciousness States), 3351 (Clinical Hypnosis).

No evidence that arousal affects reactivated memories

Memory for inherently neutral elements of emotional events is often enhanced on delayed tests - an effect that has been attributed to noradrenergic arousal. Reactivation of a memory is thought to return its corresponding neural ensemble to a state that is similar to when it was originally experienced. Therefore, we hypothesized that neutral elements of memories, too, can be enhanced through reactivation concurrent with heightened arousal. Participants (n = 94) visited the lab for three sessions. During the first session, they encoded 120 neutral memories consisting of an object presented in unique context images. In session two, the 80 objects were reactivated by presenting their corresponding context images, 40 of which were immediately followed by an arousal-inducing shock. Finally, recognition memory for all objects was tested. It was found that memory for reactivated objects was enhanced, but even though the shocks elicited elevations in arousal as indexed by skin conductance, there was no difference between memory of objects reactivated with and without heightened arousal. We thus conclude that arousal, when isolated from other cognitive and affective variables that might impact memory, has no enhancing effect on reactivated memories.

Enantioselective recognition, synthesis, and separation of pharmaceutical compounds at chiral metallic surfaces

The development of new pharmaceutical compounds is challenging because most of them are based on enantiopure chiral molecules, which exhibit unique properties for therapy. However, the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds in the absence of a chiral environment naturally leads to a racemic mixture. Thus, to control their synthesis, an asymmetric environment is required, and chiral homogeneous catalysts are typically used to synthesize enantiopure pharmaceutical compounds (EPC). Nevertheless, homogeneous catalysts are difficult to recover after the reaction, generating additional problems and costs in practical processes. Thus, the development of chiral heterogeneous catalysts is a timely topic. In a more general context, such chiral materials cannot only be used for synthesis, but also to recognize and separate enantiomers. In the frame of these different challenges, we give in this review a short introduction to strategies to extrinsically and intrinsically modify heterogeneous metal matrixes for the enantioselective synthesis, recognition, and separation of chiral pharmaceutical compounds.

Vocal Emotion Recognition in Autism: Behavioral Performance and Event-Related Potential (ERP) Response

Autistic youth display difficulties in emotion recognition, yet little research has examined behavioral and neural indices of vocal emotion recognition (VER). The current study examines behavioral and event-related potential (N100, P200, Late Positive Potential [LPP]) indices of VER in autistic and non-autistic youth. Participants (N = 164) completed an emotion recognition task, the Diagnostic Analyses of Nonverbal Accuracy (DANVA-2) which included VER, during EEG recording. The LPP amplitude was larger in response to high intensity VER, and social cognition predicted VER errors. Verbal IQ, not autism, was related to VER errors. An interaction between VER intensity and social communication impairments revealed these impairments were related to larger LPP amplitudes during low intensity VER. Taken together, differences in VER may be due to higher order cognitive processes, not basic, early perception (N100, P200), and verbal cognitive abilities may underlie behavioral, yet occlude neural, differences in VER processing.

Divergent thinking modulates interactions between episodic memory and schema knowledge: Controlled and spontaneous episodic retrieval processes

The ability to generate novel ideas, known as divergent thinking, depends on both semantic knowledge and episodic memory. Semantic knowledge and episodic memory are known to interact to support memory decisions, but how they may interact to support divergent thinking is unknown. Moreover, it is debated whether divergent thinking relies on spontaneous or controlled retrieval processes. We addressed these questions by examining whether divergent thinking ability relates to interactions between semantic knowledge and different episodic memory processes. Participants completed the alternate uses task of divergent thinking, and completed a memory task in which they searched for target objects in schema-congruent or schema-incongruent locations within scenes. In a subsequent test, participants indicated where in each scene the target object had been located previously (i.e., spatial accuracy test), and provided confidence-based recognition memory judgments that indexed distinct episodic memory processes (i.e., recollection, familiarity, and unconscious memory) for the scenes. We found that higher divergent thinking ability-specifically in terms of the number of ideas generated-was related to (1) more of a benefit from recollection (a controlled process) and unconscious memory (a spontaneous process) on spatial accuracy and (2) beneficial differences in how semantic knowledge was combined with recollection and unconscious memory to influence spatial accuracy. In contrast, there were no effects with respect to familiarity (a spontaneous process). These findings indicate that divergent thinking is related to both controlled and spontaneous memory processes, and suggest that divergent thinking is related to the ability to flexibly combine semantic knowledge with episodic memory.

The drawing effect: Evidence for costs and benefits using pure and mixed lists

Drawing a referent of a to-be-remembered word often results in better recognition and recall of this word relative to a control task in which the word is written, a pattern dubbed the drawing effect. Although this effect is not always found in pure lists, we report three experiments in which the drawing effect emerged in both pure- and mixed-lists on recognition and recall tests, though the effect was larger in mixed lists. Our experiments then compared drawing effects on memory between pure- and mixed-list contexts to determine whether the larger mixed-list drawing effect reflected a benefit to draw items, a cost to write items, or a combination. In delayed recognition and free-recall tests, a mixed-list benefit emerged for draw items in which memory for mixed-list draw items was greater than pure-list draw items. This mixed-list drawing benefit was accompanied by a mixed-list writing cost compared to pure-list write items, indicating that the mixed-list drawing effect does not operate cost-free. Our findings of a pure-list drawing effect are consistent with a memory strength account, however, the larger drawing effect in mixed lists suggest that participants may also deploy a distinctiveness heuristic to aid retrieval of drawn items.

Investigation of clinical medicine undergraduates' recognition of narrative medicine

BACKGROUND

Narrative Medicine (NM), a contemporary medical concept proposed in the 21st century, emphasizes the use of narrative as a literary form in medicine. This study aims to explore the understanding about NM and willingness to learn NM among medical students in our hospital.

METHODS

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 130 students at Xiangya Medical College of Central South University.

RESULTS

The findings revealed that a small percentage of students (3.1%) were familiar with narrative medicine and its training methods. Knowledge about the treatment skills (77.7%) and core content (55.4%) of narrative medicine was limited among the students. Despite this, a majority (63.1%) expressed a lack of interest in further understanding and learning about narrative medicine. Surprisingly, the survey indicated that students possessed a high level of narrative literacy, even without formal training in narrative medicine. Additionally, over half of the surveyed students (61.5%) believed that narrative medicine could benefit their clinical practice.

CONCLUSIONS

This study serves as a preliminary basis for the future development of narrative medicine education in China. It highlights the need to prioritize medical humanities education and provide medical students with more opportunities to access information on narrative medicine. By doing so, we can strive to enhance the visibility and promote the integration of narrative medicine into medical humanities education in China.

The limited memory of value following value directed encoding

Items associated with higher values during encoding are later recognized and recalled better than are lower valued items. During recall paradigms, these value directed encoding (VDE) effects heavily depend upon learned strategies acquired during repeated testing with earnings feedback. However, because VDE effects also occur in single test recognition designs, precluding such learning, it has been suggested that high value may automatically induce good encoding. We tested this by manipulating encoding instructions (Experiments 1a and 1b) and manipulating concurrent levels of processing (LOP) requirements during encoding (Experiment 2a and 2b). Two main findings emerged. First, subject initiated strategies played a dominant role in VDE effects with little evidence for automaticity. This was demonstrated in Experiment 1 by a more than three-fold increase in the VDE recognition effect when instructions specifically encouraged selective elaboration of high-value items. It was also shown by the complete elimination of VDE recognition effects in Experiment 2 when LOP tasks were concurrently performed during encoding. Critically, the blocking of VDE effects occurred even though a catch trial procedure verified that value was being processed during encoding and remained even when subjects had unlimited time to process the materials during encoding. Second, the data showed, for the first time, that when subjects attempted to specify the value of recognized items, they heavily depended upon a recognition heuristic in which increases in recognition strength, even when nondiagnostic, were inferred to reflect high encoding value. The tendency for subjects to conflate recognition strength and value may have important implications for behavioral economics.

Context reinstatement requires a schema relevant virtual environment to benefit object recall

How does our environment impact what we will later remember? Early work in real-world environments suggested that having matching encoding/retrieval contexts improves memory. However, some laboratory-based studies have not replicated this advantageous context-dependent memory effect. Using virtual reality methods, we find support for context-dependent memory effects and examine an influence of memory schema and dynamic environments. Participants (N = 240) remembered more objects when in the same virtual environment (context) as during encoding. This traded-off with falsely "recognizing" more similar lures. Experimentally manipulating the virtual objects and environments revealed that a congruent object/environment schema aids recall (but not recognition), though a dynamic background does not. These findings further our understanding of when and how context affects our memory through a naturalistic approach to studying such effects.

Social evaluative stress enhances central detail memory, reduces false memory, and results in intrusive memories that last for days

Few studies have quantified what an individual remembers about a laboratory-controlled stressor. Here, we aimed to replicate previous work by using a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to quantify participant memory for a stressful experience. We also aimed to extend this work by quantifying false and intrusive memories that ensued. One hundred and seven participants were exposed to the TSST (stress) or the friendly TSST (f-TSST; no stress). The TSST required participants to deliver a ten-minute speech in front of two laboratory panel members as part of a mock job interview; the f-TSST required participants to casually converse with the panel members about their interests. In both conditions, the panel members interacted with (central) or did not interact with (peripheral) several objects sitting on a desk in front of them. The next day, participants' memory for the objects was assessed with recall and recognition tests. We also quantified participants' intrusive memories on Days 2, 4, 6, and 8. Stressed participants recalled more central objects and exhibited greater recognition memory, particularly for central objects, than controls. Stress also led to less false recall and more intrusive memories on Days 2 and 4. Consistent with previous work, these findings suggest that participants exhibit enhanced memory for the central details of a stressful experience; they also extend prior work by showing that participants exposed to a stressor have less false memories and experience intrusive memories for several days following the event. The modified TSST paradigm used here may be useful for researchers studying not only what participants remember about a stressful event but also their susceptibility to intrusive memory formation.

Automated highway pavement crack recognition under complex environment

The pavement is vulnerable to damage from natural disasters, accidents and other human factors, resulting in the formation of cracks. Periodic pavement monitoring can facilitate prompt detection and repair the pavement diseases, thereby minimizing casualties and property losses. Due to the presence of numerous interferences, recognizing highway pavement cracks in complex environments poses a significant challenge. Nevertheless, several computer vision approaches have demonstrated notable success in tackling this issue. We have employed a novel approach for crack recognition utilizing the ResNet34 model with a convolutional block attention module (CBAM), which not only saves parameters and computing power but also ensures seamless integration of the module as a plug-in. Initially, ResNet18, ResNet34, and ResNet50 models were trained by employing transfer learning techniques, with the ResNet34 network being selected as a fundamental model. Subsequently, CBAM was integrated into ResBlock and further training was conducted. Finally, we calculated the precision, average recall on the test set, and the recall of each class. The results demonstrate that by integrating CBAM into the ResNet34 network, the model exhibited improved test accuracy and average recall compared to its previous state. Moreover, our proposed model outperformed all other models in terms of performance. The recall rates for transverse crack, longitudinal crack, map crack, repairing, and pavement marking were 88.8%, 86.8%, 88.5%, 98.3%, and 99.9%, respectively. Our model achieves the highest precision of 92.9% and the highest average recall of 92.5%. However, the effectiveness in detecting mesh cracks was found to be unsatisfactory, despite their significant prevalence. In summary, the proposed model exhibits great potential for crack identification and serves as a crucial foundation for highway maintenance.

The effect of target detection on memory retrieval

Attention and memory are fundamental cognitive processes that closely interact. In the attentional boost effect (ABE), the stimuli that co-occur with targets are remembered better than those that co-occur with distractors in target detection tasks performed during memory encoding. In target detection tasks performed during retrieval, the stimuli that co-occur with targets are recognized as 'old' more easily than the stimuli that co-occur with distractors. This study mainly explored the internal mechanism of the effect of target detection on recognition. In Experiment 1, the full attention (FA; where participants performed only the memory task) condition was used to compare with divided attention (DA; where participants performed target detection while performing memory retrieval) condition to explore the impact of target detection and distraction inhibition on recognition. In Experiment 2, the proportion of old and new words in the retrieval stage was adjusted to 1:1 to eliminate the possible reaction tendency caused by the high proportion of old words. In Experiment 3, the presentation time of words was extended to 1.5 s and 3 s to eliminate the possible impact of rapid processing. The results indicated that the effect of target detection on recognition was attributed to both target detection and distraction rejection and is not affected by the ratio of old and new words and the word presentation time. The effect of target detection on recognition may be owing to temporal yoking of the dual tasks, which is different from the effect of target detection on memory encoding.

Development and application of emotion recognition technology - a systematic literature review

BACKGROUND

There is a mutual influence between emotions and diseases. Thus, the subject of emotions has gained increasing attention.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review of the developments in emotion recognition technology over the past decade. This review aimed to gain insights into the trends and real-world effects of emotion recognition technology by examining its practical applications in different settings, including hospitals and home environments.

METHODS

This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines and included a search of 4 electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and IEEE Xplore, to identify eligible studies published between 2013 and 2023. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) criteria. The key information from the studies, including the study populations, application scenarios, and technological methods employed, was summarized and analyzed.

RESULTS

In a systematic literature review of the 44 studies that we analyzed the development and impact of emotion recognition technology in the field of medicine from three distinct perspectives: "application scenarios," "techniques of multiple modalities," and "clinical applications." The following three impacts were identified: (i) The advancement of emotion recognition technology has facilitated remote emotion recognition and treatment in hospital and home environments by healthcare professionals. (ii) There has been a shift from traditional subjective emotion assessment methods to multimodal emotion recognition methods that are grounded in objective physiological signals. This technological progress is expected to enhance the accuracy of medical diagnosis. (iii) The evolving relationship between emotions and disease throughout diagnosis, intervention, and treatment processes holds clinical significance for real-time emotion monitoring.

CONCLUSION

These findings indicate that the integration of emotion recognition technology with intelligent devices has led to the development of application systems and models, which provide technological support for the recognition of and interventions for emotions. However, the continuous recognition of emotional changes in dynamic or complex environments will be a focal point of future research.

Drug use and the constitution of homo politicus in Swedish politics 1966-1979

BACKGROUND

The emergence of the drug user as a political problem in Sweden during the 1960s presented politicians with the problem of how to fit this new character into the existing democratic order. The aim of this article is to examine how Swedish politics sought to regulate democratic participation by establishing norms that conditioned who is recognized as a political subject as well as what counts as political speech and action.

METHODS

The analysis is based on a close reading of parliamentary debates, political motions, and public reports and covers the period 1966-1979.

RESULTS

During the examined period, Swedish politics constituted the ideal subject of democratic politics, homo politicus, as a subject embedded in a community of active and politically conscious citizens endowed with the capacity to cooperate and engage in the collective formulation of the common good. Drug use therefore posed a threat to the democratic order due to its passivizing effects that inhibited the cooperation needed to uphold the democratic polity.

CONCLUSION

The perceived individualism, passivity, and inability of the drug user to engage in cooperation within a politically conscious community of citizens positioned the drug user as a threat to the democratic order. The drug user thereby became a useful figure in the political regulation of the democratic sphere and the constitution of homo politicus, the ideal subject of democratic politics.

Recognition memory decisions made with short- and long-term retrieval

In the present research, we produce a coherent account of the storage and retrieval processes in short- and long-term event memory, and long-term knowledge, that produce response accuracy and response time in a wide variety of conditions in our studies of recognition memory. Two to nine pictures are studied sequentially followed by a target or foil test picture in four conditions used in Nosofsky et al. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 47, 316-342, (2021) and in our new paradigm: VM: target and foil responses to a given stimulus change from trial to trial; CM: the responses do not change from trial to trial; AN: every trial uses new stimuli; MIXED: combinations of VM, CN, and AN occur on each trial. In the new paradigm a given picture is equally often tested as old or new, but only in CM is the response key the same and learnable. Our model has components that have appeared in a variety of prior accounts, including learning and familiarity, but are given support by our demonstration that accuracy and response time data from a large variety of conditions can be predicted by these processes acting together, with parameter values that largely are unchanged. A longer version of this article, containing information not found here due to space, is available online  https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/h8msp .The avalibility of the data (supplement materials), info and link is attached at the end section ( https://psyarxiv.com/h8msp .).

Post-training flexibility in category learning

Exemplar models of categorization, which assume that people make classification decisions based on item information stored in memory, typically assume that all of the exemplars are available and inform decision-making. However, in this study, we hypothesized that people may selectively emphasize subsets of exemplars, giving rise to individual differences in categorization. To verify this hypothesis, we adopted the partial-XOR category structure in Conaway and Kurtz (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24, 1312-1323 2017), which has been evident to be able to induce two major response patterns in the transfer phase: the Proximity and XOR patterns. "Experiment 1" confirmed that these two patterns could be generated if participants were trained with only the exemplars of one category or the other. In "Experiment 2", participants were asked to not only learn the category labels of all exemplars but also memorize the exemplars of only Category A (Condition A), only Category B (Condition B), or two categories (Condition AB) for a recognition test after the training phase of the categorization task. As expected, in the transfer phase, the participants tended to perform the XOR and Proximity patterns, when the exemplars of Category A and Category B were respectively targeted for the recognition test. The parameters of the SDGCM estimated by Bayesian inference for modeling the data of "Experiment 2" showed that the exemplar accessibility of Category A was larger than that of Category B for performing the XOR pattern and vice versa for performing the proximity pattern, hence verifying our hypothesis.

C-terminal peptide of preproorexin enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in rat cerebrocortical cells and recognition memory in mice

During the production of orexin A and B from preproorexin, a common precursor protein, in hypothalamic orexin neurons, C-terminal peptide (herein called preproorexin C-peptide) is concomitantly produced via post-translational processing. The predicted three-dimensional structure of preproorexin C-peptide is similar among mammalian species, suggestive of a conserved function in the mammalian brain. However, C-peptide has long been regarded as a non-functional peptide. We herein examined the effects of rat and/or mouse preproorexin C-peptide on gene expression and cell viability in cultured rat cerebrocortical cells and on memory behavior in C57BL/6J mice. Rat and mouse C-peptides both increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA levels. Moreover, C-peptide enhanced high K+-, glutamate-, and BDNF-induced increases in Bdnf mRNA levels without affecting forskolin-induced Bdnf expression. H-89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, blocked C-peptide-induced Bdnf expression, whereas rolipram, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, enhanced this effect. Intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations were elevated by C-peptide. These results demonstrate that preproorexin C-peptide promoted Bdnf mRNA expression by a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism. Eleven amino acids at the N terminus of rat preproorexin C-peptide exerted similar effects on Bdnf expression as full-length preproorexin C-peptide. Preproorexin C-peptide also exerted protective effects against CoCl2-induced neuronal cell death. An intracerebroventricular injection of mouse preproorexin C-peptide induced c-fos and Bdnf expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and enhanced novel object recognition memory in mice. Collectively, the present results show that preproorexin C-peptide is a functional substance, at least in some pharmacological and neuronal settings.

CBD2023: A Hypercomplex Bangla Handwriting Character Recognition Data for Hierarchical Class Expansion

Object recognition technology has made significant strides, but recognizing handwritten Bangla characters (including symbols, compound forms, etc.) remains a challenging problem due to the prevalence of cursive writing and many ambiguous characters. The complexity and variability of the Bangla script and individual's unique handwriting styles make it difficult to achieve satisfactory performance for practical applications, and the best existing recognizers are far less effective than those developed for English alpha-numeric characters. Compared to other major languages, there are limited options for recognizing handwritten Bangla characters. This research has described a new dataset to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of handwriting recognition systems for the Bengali language spoken by over 200 million people worldwide. This dataset aims to investigate and recognize Bangla handwritten characters, focusing on enlarging the recognized character classes. To achieve this, a new challenging dataset for handwriting recognition is introduced, collected from numerous students' handwriting from two institutions.

[Awards in pathology-a man's world?]

BACKGROUND

Awards provide their recipients with fame and recognition, and subsequently facilitate publications and acquisition of external funding through increased visibility. We hypothesize that despite increasing representation in pathology, women are underrepresented as awardees in the German Society of Pathology and consequently there is an associated imbalance between genders.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Published data from the German Society of Pathology on female awardees during the period from 2000 to 2022 were examined. Only awards specifically dedicated to the field of pathology were considered. In addition, the publicly available data of the German Medical Association on gender and age distribution of pathologists in Germany were considered as reference material.

RESULTS

A total of six different awards were included in the analysis. Among the 143 awardees across 150 individual awards in the period from 2000 to 2022, 55 (38.4%) of the awardees were female compared to an average percentage of 31% of women working in the field of pathology in the 23-year period under consideration. Consequently, female awardees in pathology were not underrepresented when compared to the national figures on the proportion of women in the field of pathology. However, the distribution of female awardees across individual awards suggests that women were increasingly represented in less prestigious research and doctoral awards, while men made up a large proportion of awardees of honorary awards (0% women) and prestigious awards (17% women).

Impact Assessment of Divergence on Post-approval Changes Classifications of Latin America Region With Europe and the United States, and Propositions to Harmonize Classification Based on Risk as a Path to Build the Trust Between National Regulatory Agencies

The lack of harmonization in the post-approval changes (PACs) classifications for pharmaceutical products may have an impact on the efficient implementation of PACs and in the supply of medicine, jeopardizing the continuity of therapies, especially in the case of chronic diseases. The percentage of similarity between the PACs classifications existing between countries of Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Central America) versus Europe and the United States (US) has been calculated, focused on the PACs for chemical products and on the minor and moderate variations as defined in the European Union (EU)1,2 and US3 regulations. Even though Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina implemented a risk-based PACs classification, a wide diversity is observed, with a high percentage of variations classified as major or high risk for these countries and the rest of the Latin American countries, except for Venezuela (which previously adopted and recognized the EU classification). In addition, we identified a group/subset of PACs that are not categorized in the regulations of Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Central America countries. Considering that Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina are members or observers of the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use4 and the Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme,5 these countries could further align their PACs classification with the EU and US regulations. This could also be an opportunity for other countries of the Latin America region to recognize and adopt PACs classifications aligned to the EU or United States, which would also support the inclusion of reliance processes in their regulation for already considered/recognized reference countries. This would guarantee more health authority efficiency and optimization as well as more uniform implementation of PACs globally.

The prod eff: Partially producing items moderates the production effect

Current accounts of the production effect suggest that production leads to the encoding of additional production-associated features and/or better feature encoding. Thus, if it is the act of production that leads to the storage and/or enhanced encoding of these features, then less of this act should reduce the resulting production effect. In two experiments, we provide a direct test of this idea by manipulating how much of a given item is produced within a single mode of production (typing). Results demonstrate that such partial production can yield a significant production effect that is smaller than the effect that emerges from producing the entire item. These results suggest that how much of an item is produced can moderate the size of the production effect and are considered in the context of recent modelling efforts.

Memory effects of visual and olfactory landmark information in human wayfinding

Non-human animals are exceptionally good at using smell to find their way through the environment. However, the use of olfactory cues for human navigation is often underestimated. Although the sense of smell is well-known for its distinct connection to memory and emotion, memory effects in human navigation using olfactory landmarks have not been studied yet. Therefore, this article compares wayfinding and recognition performance for visual and olfactory landmarks learned by 52 participants in a virtual maze. Furthermore, it is one of the first empirical studies investigating differences in memory effects on human navigation by using two separate test situations 1 month apart. The experimental task was to find the way through a maze-like virtual environment with either olfactory or visual cues at the intersections that served as decision points. Our descriptive results show that performance was above chance level for both conditions (visual and olfactory landmarks). Wayfinding performance did not decrease 1 month later when using olfactory landmarks. In contrast, when using visual landmarks wayfinding performance decreased significantly, while visual landmarks overall lead to better recognition than olfactory landmarks at both times of testing. The results demonstrate the unique character of human odor memory and support the conclusion that olfactory cues may be used in human spatial orientation. Furthermore, the present study expands the research field of human wayfinding by providing a study that investigates memory for landmark knowledge and route decisions for the visual and olfactory modality. However, more studies are required to put this important research strand forward.

Studying Efferocytosis Dynamics in Tissue-Resident Macrophages Ex Vivo

In vitro cocultures of macrophages and apoptotic cells (ACs) provide a practical and useful tool to study efferocytosis. Here, we describe a method for automated quantification and imaging of recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells by primary macrophages using imaging flow cytometry (IFC). IFC-based analysis allows us to successfully quantify efferocytosis, clearly distinguishing phagocytic from nonphagocytic macrophages and, more importantly, from those in recognition stage, which is not achievable by standard flow cytometrical analysis. To this end, we established a universally employable analysis pipeline to address efferocytosis that can be easily adapted to any macrophage population from samples of different origins.

Age differences in priming as a function of processing at encoding

It is unclear whether implicit memory (priming) is affected by aging. Some studies have reported no difference between young and older adults, while others have uncovered reliable reductions. An important factor that may explain these discrepancies is the manner of encoding. Processing requirements (perceptual/conceptual) have varied considerably between studies, yet processing abilities are not equally affected by aging. This study examined whether processing during encoding moderates age effects on priming. Young and older participants studied object-word pairs and made natural/manufactured (conceptual) and left/right rotation (perceptual) judgements in relation to the word or object. Objects served as targets on a subsequent continuous identification with recognition task to assess priming and recognition. Priming and recognition were greater in young than older adults for attended items, with a larger effect size in the conceptual than the perceptual condition. Findings suggest that age differences in priming may be a function of processing at encoding.

Valence and concreteness in item recognition: Evidence against the affective embodiment account

The Affective Embodiment Account posits that sensorimotor interactions play an important role in learning and processing concrete words whereas experiences from emotional states play an important role in learning and processing abstract words. Because of this, there should be greater enhancement of valence for abstract than for concrete words and therefore there should be an interaction between valence and concreteness. Although this prediction has been observed in a number of tasks, very few studies have looked specifically at memory. Three experiments are reported that assess whether valence interacts with concreteness in recognition. In Experiment 1, recognition of concrete words was better than abstract, but there was no difference as a function of whether the words were positive or negative and there was no interaction. Experiment 2 compared positive and neutral words and Experiment 3 compared negative and neutral words; in both, there was a concreteness effect but no effect of valence and no interaction. These results replicate previous findings that when positive and negative words are equated more fully, valence has no effect on recognition, and also suggest a limit on the scope of the Affective Embodiment Account.

A deep learning based approach for extracting Arabic handwriting: applied calligraphy and old cursive

Based on the results of this research, a new method for separating Arabic offline text is presented. This method finds the core splitter between the "Middle" and "Lower" zones by looking for sharp character degeneration in those zones. With the exception of script localization and the essential feature of determining which direction a starting point is pointing, the baseline also functions as a delimiter for horizontal projections. Despite the fact that the bottom half of the characteristics is utilized to differentiate the modifiers in zones, the top half of the characteristics is not. This method works best when the baseline is able to divide features into the bottom zone and the middle zone in a complex pattern where it is hard to find the alphabet, like in ancient scripts. Furthermore, this technique performed well when it came to distinguishing Arabic text, including calligraphy. With the zoning system, the aim is to decrease the number of different element classes that are associated with the total number of alphabets used in Arabic cursive writing. The components are identified using the pixel value origin and center reign (CR) technique, which is combined with letter morphology to achieve complete word-level identification. Using the upper baseline and lower baseline together, this proposed technique produces a consistent Arabic pattern, which is intended to improve identification rates by increasing the number of matches. For Mediterranean keywords (cities in Algeria and Tunisia), the suggested approach makes use of indicators that the correctness of the Othmani and Arabic scripts is greater than 98.14 percent and 90.16 percent, respectively, based on 84 and 117 verses. As a consequence of the auditing method and the assessment section's structure and software, the major problems were identified, with a few of them being specifically highlighted.

A narrow band of image dimensions is critical for face recognition

A key challenge in human and computer face recognition is to differentiate information that is diagnostic for identity from other sources of image variation. Here, we used a combined computational and behavioural approach to reveal critical image dimensions for face recognition. Behavioural data were collected using a sorting and matching task with unfamiliar faces and a recognition task with familiar faces. Principal components analysis was used to reveal the dimensions across which the shape and texture of faces in these tasks varied. We then asked which image dimensions were able to predict behavioural performance across these tasks. We found that the ability to predict behavioural responses in the unfamiliar face tasks increased when the early PCA dimensions (i.e. those accounting for most variance) of shape and texture were removed from the analysis. Image similarity also predicted the output of a computer model of face recognition, but again only when the early image dimensions were removed from the analysis. Finally, we found that recognition of familiar faces increased when the early image dimensions were removed, decreased when intermediate dimensions were removed, but then returned to baseline recognition when only later dimensions were removed. Together, these findings suggest that early image dimensions reflect ambient changes, such as changes in viewpoint or lighting, that do not contribute to face recognition. However, there is a narrow band of image dimensions for shape and texture that are critical for the recognition of identity in humans and computer models of face recognition.

Exploring the effects of predominantly female jobs on demands and resources at work and consequently on health and performance in the Province of Québec, Canada

PURPOSE

Predominantly female jobs are undervalued because the importance of the skills (e.g., empathy, meticulousness, patience) they require is underestimated. Based on a sample of 1831 workers, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the effect of predominantly female jobs on demands and resources at work. It also aimed to evaluate if demands and resources at work played a mediating role in the relationship between female jobs and psychological well-being, psychological distress, insomnia, and intention to quit.

METHODS

Mediation analysis to test indirect effects was conducted using MPlus software.

RESULTS

Predominantly female jobs were directly associated with lower recognition and higher skill utilization and emotional demands. Also, predominantly female jobs were indirectly associated with health and performance via their effects on demands and resources at work. Therefore, these workers appear to face higher demands and lower resources, which in turn is harmful to them.

CONCLUSION

Consequently, we might conclude that in addition to the pay inequity that is still present between men and women, those who hold predominantly female jobs (mostly women) are more vulnerable to health and performance problems because of the working conditions (demands and resources) of these jobs. At the societal level, increased knowledge of predominantly female jobs could also be achieved by, for example, popularizing the training and skills they require. Information campaigns (not just to attract people but also to eliminate misunderstanding of these jobs) could be initiated by unions, professional associations, schools, private companies, guidance or employment counselors, government, etc. At the organizational level, action could be taken in terms of human resource management practices, including job evaluation and remuneration.

Conscious and unconscious memory and eye movements in context-guided visual search: A computational and experimental reassessment of Ramey, Yonelinas, and Henderson (2019)

Are eye movements unconsciously guided towards target locations in familiar scenes? In a recent eyetracking study, Ramey, Yonelinas, and Henderson (2019) measured eye-movement efficiency (scanpath ratio) and memory judgments when participants searched for targets in repeated and novel scenes. When trials judged new with high confidence were selected, scanpath ratio was lower for old scenes (misses) than for new scenes (correct rejections). In addition, familiarity as measured by recognition confidence did not significantly predict scanpath ratio. Ramey et al. attributed these results to unconscious learning guiding eye movements. In a re-assessment of Ramey et al.'s data, we show that their findings can be accounted for by a single-system computational model in which eye movements and memory judgments are driven by a common latent memory representation. In particular, (a) the scanpath ratio difference between high-confidence misses and correct rejections is a consequence of regression to the mean, while (b) the null correlation between familiarity and scanpath ratio, partly a natural consequence of the low reliability of the scanpath ratio measure, is also reproduced by the model. Two pre-registered experiments confirm a novel prediction of the alternative single-system model. This work offers a parsimonious account of Ramey et al.'s findings without recourse to unconscious guidance of eye movements.

Research progress of sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers in analytical and biomedical analysis

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have had tremendous impact on biomimetic recognition due to their precise specificity and high affinity comparable to that of antibodies, which has shown the great advantages of easy preparation, good stability and low cost. The combination of MIPs with other analytical technologies can not only achieve rapid extraction and sensitive detection of target compounds, improving the level of analysis, but also achieve precise targeted delivery, in-vivo imaging and other applications. Among them, the recognition mechanism plays a vital role in chemical and biological sensing, while the improvement of the recognition element, such as the addition of new nanomaterials, can greatly improve the analytical performance of the sensor, especially in terms of selectivity. Currently, due to the need for rapid diagnosis and improved sensing properties (such as selectivity, stability, and cost-effectiveness), researchers are investigating new recognition elements and their combinations to improve the recognition capabilities of chemical sensing and bio-sensing. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the design strategies of optical sensors, electrochemical sensors and photoelectric sensors with molecular imprinting technology and their applications in environmental systems, food fields, drug detection and biology including bacteria and viruses.

Recognition memory: The probe, the returned signal, and the decision

In an attempt to better understand recognition memory we look at how three approaches (dual processing, signal detection, and global matching) have addressed the probe, the returned signal and the decision in four recognition paradigms. These are single-item recognition (including the remember/know paradigm), recognition in relational context, associative recognition, and source monitoring. The contrast, with regards to the double-miss rate (the probability of recognizing neither item in intact and rearranged pairs) and the effect of the oldness of the other member of the test pair, between identifying the old words in test pairs (the relational context paradigm) and first identifying the intact test pairs and then identifying the old words (adding associative recognition to the relational context paradigm) suggests that the retrieval of associative information in the relational context paradigm is unintentional, unlike the retrieval of associative information in associative recognition. It also seems possible that the information that is spontaneously retrieved in single-item recognition, possibly including the remember/know paradigm, is also unintentional, unlike the retrieval of information in source monitoring. Probable differences between intentional and unintentional retrieval, together with the pattern of effects with regards to the double-miss rate and the effect of the other member of the test pair, are used to evaluate the three approaches. Our conclusion is that all three approaches have something valid to say about recognition, but none is equally applicable across all four paradigms.

Observing memory encoding while it unfolds: Functional interpretation and current debates regarding ERP subsequent memory effects

Our ability to remember the past depends on neural processes set in train in the moment an event is experienced. These processes can be studied by segregating brain activity according to whether an event is later remembered or forgotten. The present review integrates a large number of studies examining this differential brain activity, labeled subsequent memory effect (SME), with the ERP technique, into a functional organization and discusses routes for further research. Based on the reviewed literature, we suggest that memory encoding is implemented by multiple processes, typically reflected in three functionally different subcomponents of the ERP SME elicited by study stimuli, which presumably interact with preparatory SME activity preceding the to be encoded event. We argue that ERPs are a valuable method in the SME paradigm because they have a sufficiently high temporal resolution to disclose the subcomponents of encoding-related brain activity. Implications of the proposed functional organization for future studies using the SME procedure in basic and applied settings will be discussed.

Subspecialisation in radiology in Europe, a survey of the accreditation council of imaging

BACKGROUND

To provide an overview of existing Subspecialty Exams and Diplomas in Radiology and their endorsement as well as to providing an insight into the status of subspecialisation in radiology in Europe. The European Training Curriculum for Subspecialisation in Radiology mentions thirteen fields of subspecialisation within radiology. The websites of the corresponding subspecialty societies were checked for Subspecialty Exams and Diplomas. In addition, we performed a survey among European radiologists regarding subspecialisation in radiology.

RESULTS

Ten out of 13 European subspecialty societies offer a European subspecialty diploma. At least 7 out of the 10 European subspecialties societies in radiology offering a European subspecialty diploma obtained European Society of Radiology (ESR) endorsement. Two out of 10 obtained European Union of Medical Specialists-Council of European Specialist Medical Assessment endorsement. Survey among European radiologists who were ESR full members in March 2021 demonstrated that almost 20% of respondents indicated that they have no subspecialisation. Another 15% indicated that their area of subspecialisation is not recognised in their country of work. Eighty-four percent of respondents would like their area of subspecialisation in radiology to be officially recognised. According to the respondents, the major benefit of having their subspecialisation in radiology officially recognised is personal interest (45%).

CONCLUSIONS

There is a desire for more subspecialty recognition in radiology among European radiologists. Therefore, European subspecialty diplomas in radiology fulfil a need. Furthermore, there is room for further harmonisation and implementation on a European level regarding subspecialty training and recognition in radiology.

CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT

As there is a desire for more subspecialty recognition in radiology among European radiologists, European subspecialty diplomas in radiology fulfil a need and there is still room for further harmonisation and implementation on a European level regarding subspecialty training in radiology.

KEY POINTS

• Radiology has 13 subspecialties as per the European Training Curriculum for Subspecialisation. • Currently, 15 subspecialty diplomas are offered by European subspecialty societies in radiology • Members of the European Society of Radiology seek greater recognition of radiology subspecialties.

Recognizing patient partner contributions to health research: a systematic review of reported practices

BACKGROUND

Patient engagement in research refers to collaboration between researchers and patients (i.e., individuals with lived experience including informal caregivers) in developing or conducting research. Offering non-financial (e.g., co-authorship, gift) or financial (e.g., honoraria, salary) compensation to patient partners can demonstrate appreciation for patient partner time and effort. However, little is known about how patient partners are currently compensated for their engagement in research. We sought to assess the prevalence of reporting patient partner compensation, specific compensation practices (non-financial and financial) reported, and identify benefits, challenges, barriers and enablers to offering financial compensation.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review of studies citing the Guidance for Reporting the Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP I and II) reporting checklists (October 2021) within Web of Science and Scopus. Studies that engaged patients as research partners were eligible. Two independent reviewers screened full texts and extracted data from included studies using a standardized data abstraction form. Data pertaining to compensation methods (financial and non-financial) and reported barriers and enablers to financially compensating patient partners were extracted. No formal quality assessment was conducted since the aim of the review is to describe the scope of patient partner compensation. Quantitative data were presented descriptively, and qualitative data were thematically analysed.

RESULTS

The search identified 843 studies of which 316 studies were eligible. Of the 316 studies, 91% (n = 288) reported offering a type of compensation to patient partners. The most common method of non-financial compensation reported was informal acknowledgement on research outputs (65%, n = 206) and co-authorship (49%, n = 156). Seventy-nine studies (25%) reported offering financial compensation (i.e., honoraria, salary), 32 (10%) reported offering no financial compensation, and 205 (65%) studies did not report on financial compensation. Two key barriers were lack of funding to support compensation and absence of institutional policy or guidance. Two frequently reported enablers were considering financial compensation when developing the project budget and adequate project funding.

CONCLUSIONS

In a cohort of published studies reporting patient engagement in research, most offered non-financial methods of compensation to patient partners. Researchers may need guidance and support to overcome barriers to offering financial compensation.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) and the Value of Early Detection

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

The goal of this narrative review is to describe the current understanding of the pathology of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), as well as diagnostic standards and therapeutic options. We will then make the case for early recognition and management.

RECENT FINDINGS

CRPS remains an enigmatic pain syndrome, comprising several subtypes. Recent recommendations clarify diagnostic ambiguities and emphasize the importance of standardized assessment and therapy. Awareness of CRPS should be raised to promote prevention, early detection, and rapid escalation of therapy in refractory cases. Comorbidities and health costs (i.e., the socioeconomic impact) must also be addressed early to prevent negative consequences for patients.

The shadow of dementia: Listening to undecidability in ethnographic interviews with persons suspecting possible dementia

Even before a diagnosis of dementia, people may negotiate in their everyday lives the fears and suspicions about the possibility of a future with dementia. My field of research involves JewishIsraeli older adult individuals who suspect that they are beginning to lose their memory, but before seeking out a formal diagnosis-and when not seeking a diagnosis at all is an equal possibility. By distinguishing their experience of suspecting possible dementia from this of living with dementia, I attempt to illuminate the social, bio-diagnostic and cultural shadows of dementia hovering in the background of their everyday experience. I begin by shedding light on the ethical and methodological context of my specific field in Israel. I next reflect upon the concept of "shadow," that is constituted within and reflecting the assemblages of lurking presences accompanying my interlocutors' daily negotiations of the possibility of dementia. I then situate their lived experiences, as well as my ethnographic engagement with them, in the context of the prevailing cultural and social moralities surrounding this possibility. Finally, I show how a negotiation of the place that this shadow occupies in their lives arises in the encounter with the ethnographer. This first account of people before diagnosis and not through the diagnostic event, while keeping the space for deciding about a possible future of diagnosis open, can contribute to the understanding of undecidability as an ethical stance in ethnography, incorporating the suspension of the need to order realities through the imperatives of a diagnosis of dementia. Further, understanding these mundane negotiations with these shadows can help us allow more space for uncertainty and unpredictability as legitimate forms of living with dementia.

Dataset on factors associated with social cohesion of urban life in Jakarta

The data article examines the level of social cohesion among neighborhood communities in the urban context. Increased socioeconomic challenges of urban life affect how urban citizens interact one another, shaping their daily behavior as a cohesive urban society. Social cohesion is measured against five variables, namely trust, recognition, participation, reciprocity, and insertion. This dataset provides a closer look into how citizens of the megacity of Jakarta, Indonesia build relationships at the individual level to negotiate their social and cultural differences. It presents the pattern of social cohesion that binds the entire Jakarta population. The present dataset includes two thousand and fifty-two (2,052) survey questionnaires from Jakarta citizens. The data was collected proportionately from forty-four (44) districts (kecamatan) of Jakarta by using stratified random sampling techniques. This article includes information on reliability and factor loadings, as well as results of regression analyses.

Expressive recall and recognition as complementary measures to assess novel word learning ability in aphasia

Novel word learning ability has been associated with language treatment outcomes in people with aphasia (PWA), and its assessment could inform prognosis and rehabilitation. We used a brief experimental task to examine novel word learning in PWA, determine the value of phonological cueing in assessing learning outcomes, and identify factors that modulate learning ability. Twelve PWA and nineteen healthy controls completed the task, and recall and recognition tests of learning ability. Most PWA showed comparable learning outcomes to those of the healthy controls. Learning assessed via expressive recall was more clearly evidenced with phonological cues. Better single word processing abilities and phonological short-term memory and higher integrity of the left inferior frontal gyrus were related to better learning performance. Brief learning tasks like this one are clinically feasible and hold promise as screening tools of verbal learning in PWA once validated and evaluated for their capacity to predict treatment outcomes.

Autism-associated gene shank3 is necessary for social contagion in zebrafish

BACKGROUND

Animal models enable targeting autism-associated genes, such as the shank3 gene, to assess their impact on behavioural phenotypes. However, this is often limited to simple behaviours relevant for social interaction. Social contagion is a complex phenotype forming the basis of human empathic behaviour and involves attention to the behaviour of others for recognizing and sharing their emotional or affective state. Thus, it is a form of social communication, which constitutes the most common developmental impairment across autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

METHODS

Here we describe the development of a zebrafish model that identifies the neurocognitive mechanisms by which shank3 mutation drives deficits in social contagion. We used a CRISPR-Cas9 technique to generate mutations to the shank3a gene, a zebrafish paralogue found to present greater orthology and functional conservation relative to the human gene. Mutants were first compared to wild types during a two-phase protocol that involves the observation of two conflicting states, distress and neutral, and the later recall and discrimination of others when no longer presenting such differences. Then, the whole-brain expression of different neuroplasticity markers was compared between genotypes and their contribution to cluster-specific phenotypic variation was assessed.

RESULTS

The shank3 mutation markedly reduced social contagion via deficits in attention contributing to difficulties in recognising affective states. Also, the mutation changed the expression of neuronal plasticity genes. However, only downregulated neuroligins clustered with shank3a expression under a combined synaptogenesis component that contributed specifically to variation in attention.

LIMITATIONS

While zebrafish are extremely useful in identifying the role of shank3 mutations to composite social behaviour, they are unlikely to represent the full complexity of socio-cognitive and communication deficits presented by human ASD pathology. Moreover, zebrafish cannot represent the scaling up of these deficits to higher-order empathic and prosocial phenotypes seen in humans.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrate a causal link between the zebrafish orthologue of an ASD-associated gene and the attentional control of affect recognition and consequent social contagion. This models autistic affect-communication pathology in zebrafish and reveals a genetic attention-deficit mechanism, addressing the ongoing debate for such mechanisms accounting for emotion recognition difficulties in autistic individuals.

Decision rules for egg color-based rejection by two cavity-nesting hosts of the brown-headed cowbird

Hosts of obligate avian brood parasites often evolve defense mechanisms to avoid rearing unrelated young. One common defense is egg rejection for which hosts often rely on eggshell color. Most research has assumed that hosts respond to perceived color differences between their own eggs and parasite eggs regardless of the particular color; however, recent experiments have found that many hosts respond more strongly to brown foreign eggs than to equally dissimilar blue eggs. Yet, none of these prior studies tested a brown-egg laying species and, with only one exception, all were conducted in open nests where light levels are considered sufficient for effective color-based egg discrimination. Here, we explore how two cavity-nesting hosts of the parasitic brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), the blue egg-laying eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) and the brown egg-laying house wren (Troglodytes aedon), respond to experimental eggs painted six distinct colors ranging from blue to brown. Both hosts' rejection responses were best predicted by perceived differences in color between the model egg and their own eggs. Specifically, we found that house wrens preferentially rejected eggs bluer than their own eggs. However, although we found that bluebirds relied on perceived differences in color for their egg rejection decisions, further tests are needed to determine whether they preferentially rejected brown eggs or simply responded to absolute perceived differences in color. These findings demonstrate that these cavity-nesting birds treat perceived color differences in distinct ways, which has important implications on the coevolutionary arms races and the interpretation of avian-perceived color differences.

A novel fluorescence probe for the recognition of Cd2+ and its application

A facile fluorescence probe BQBH was synthesized and investigated on its spectrum property. The result showed that the BQBH had high sensitivity and selectivity for Cd²⁺ with lowest detection determined as 0.14 μM by fluorescence response. The 1: 1 binding ratio between BQBH and Cd²⁺ was determined by Job's plot, and the binding details were further confirmed by ¹H NMR titration, FT-IR spectrum and HRMS analysis. The applications including on test paper, smart phone and cell image were all also investigated.

Interrogating Our Views on the Impact of Education-Related Scholarship

From junior faculty members to seasoned full professors, pharmacy educators have likely all felt pressure to focus on peer-reviewed publication. Although publication is an important part of an academician's work, have we missed something critical by not focusing greater attention on a more inclusive conceptualization of education-related scholarship's impact? How can we describe the full impact of our education-related scholarship beyond traditional metrics (ie, publications, presentations, and grant funding) if the issue is not critically examined? With the growing expectations for scholarly teaching and interest in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in academic pharmacy in both the United States and Canada, this commentary examines and questions the current, often narrow, views on pharmacy educators' scholarly impact. In addition, it provides a new definition of education-related impact to encourage a more expansive view.

Biometrics for Industry 4.0: a survey of recent applications

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, represents the rise of digital industrial technology that is propagating at an exponential rate compared to the previous three revolutions. Interoperability is a basis of production, where there is a continuous exchange of information between machines and production units that act autonomously and intelligently. Workers play a central role in making autonomous decisions and using advanced technological tools. It may involve using measures that distinguish individuals, and their behaviours and reactions. Increasing the level of security, allowing only authorized personnel access to designated areas, and promoting worker welfare can have a positive impact on the entire assembly line. Thus, capturing biometric information, with or without individuals' knowledge, could allow identity verification and monitoring of of their emotional and cognitive states during the daily actions of work life. From the study of the literature, we outline three macro categories in which the principles of Industry 4.0 are merged and the functionalities of biometric systems are exploited: security, health monitoring, and quality work life analysis. In this review, we present an overview of all biometric features used in the context of Industry 4.0 with a focus on their advantages, limitations, and practical use. Attention is also paid to future research directions for which new answers are being explored.

Telemedicine Based on Human Activity Recognition in Elderly Healthcare

Nowadays, telemedicine can provide remote clinical services for the elderly, using smart devices like embedded sensors, via real-time communication with the healthcare provider. In particular, inertial measurement sensors such as accelerometers embedded in smartphones can provide sensory data fusion for human activities. Thus, the technology of Human Activity Recognition can be applied to handle such data. In recent studies, the three-dimensional axis has been used to detect human activities. Since most changes in individual activities occur in the x- and y-axis, the label of each activity is determined using a new two-dimensional Hidden Markov Mode based on these two axes. To evaluate the proposed method, we use the WISDM dataset which is based on an accelerometer. The proposed strategy is compared to General Model and User-Adaptive Model. The results indicate that the proposed model is more accurate than the others.

Contesting misrecognition online: Experiences of epistemic in/justice by vloggers with contested illnesses

Contested illnesses, such as fibromyalgia, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and chronic Lyme disease (CLD), are surrounded by polemic debates regarding their etiology, symptomology, treatment, and even their existence. People who suffer from these contested illnesses arguably also suffer from "epistemic injustice." This concept, coined by the philosopher Miranda Fricker, captures how people's knowledge may be discredited because of identity prejudices. In our paper, this concept is used to understand how seven Dutch women with contested illnesses experience the emancipatory potential of their vlogging practices. Our findings show how these women understood their vlogging as a means to break with epistemic smothering, understood as the propensity to cater ones testimony to one's audience (Dotson, 2011), and as a means to attain and enhance epistemic justice. However, our findings also show how vlogging about contested illnesses did not seem to allow these women to fully break with their epistemic smothering practices, and that the ableist design and gendered norms of YouTube were experienced as obstacles to attaining epistemic justice. We conclude that, even though social media do seem to hold emancipatory potential for these women, the experiences of individual users are diverse and ambiguous.

An amphiphilic macrocyclic acylhydrazone dimer: Facile synthesis and dual channel detection and removal of phthalate anion

Despite the large number of dicarboxylates' receptors, the dual channel ones capable of recognizing and removing of phthalate anion are rare and the task remains challenging. In this paper, a facilely synthesized amphiphilic macrocyclic acylhydrazone dimer (AMAD) can not only detect phthalate anion selectively, through both color changes and turn-on fluorescence in solution as well as in solid state, but is also able to remove it from either water or organic solvents. The current study paves the way for the search of more multiple functional receptors of dicarboxylates anions.

Loneliness and Absence in Psychopathology

Loneliness is a near-universal experience. It is particularly common for individuals with (so-called) psychopathological conditions or disorders. In this paper, we explore the experiential character of loneliness, with a specific emphasis on how social goods are experienced as absent in ways that involve a diminished sense of agency and recognition. We explore the role and experience of loneliness in three case studies: depression, anorexia nervosa, and autism. We demonstrate that even though experiences of loneliness might be common to many psychopathologies, these experiences nevertheless have distinctive profiles. Specifically, we suggest that: (i) loneliness is often a core characteristic of depressive experience; (ii) loneliness can drive, and even cement, disordered eating practices and anorectic identity in anorexia nervosa; iii) loneliness is neither a core characteristic of autism nor a driver but is rather commonly experienced as stemming from social worlds, environments, and norms that fail to accommodate autistic bodies and their distinctive forms of life. We aim to do justice to the pervasiveness of loneliness in many - if not all - psychopathologies, while also highlighting the need to attend to psychopathology-specific experiences of loneliness, agency, and (non-)recognition.

Morphological feature recognition of different differentiation stages of induced ADSCs based on deep learning

In order to accurately identify the morphological features of different differentiation stages of induced Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and judge the differentiation types of induced ADSCs, a morphological feature recognition method of different differentiation stages of induced ADSCs based on deep learning is proposed. Using the super-resolution image acquisition method of ADSCs differentiation based on stimulated emission depletion imaging, after obtaining the super-resolution images at different stages of inducing ADSCs differentiation, the noise of the obtained image is removed and the image quality is optimized through the ADSCs differentiation image denoising model based on low rank nonlocal sparse representation; The denoised image is taken as the recognition target of the morphological feature recognition method for ADSCs differentiation image based on the improved Visual Geometry Group (VGG-19) convolutional neural network. Through the improved VGG-19 convolutional neural network and class activation mapping method, the morphological feature recognition and visual display of the recognition results at different stages of inducing ADSCs differentiation are realized. After testing, this method can accurately identify the morphological features of different differentiation stages of induced ADSCs, and is available.

Adequate Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children in India

Despite the significant burden of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in India, there are areas of unmet needs at every level of the health care system. This includes screening and recognition, reliable and valid tools to evaluate, and to adequately manage ASD. There are also gaps in education and training of medical professionals, paraprofessionals, special education teachers and the related services. Lack of public awareness and cultural factors contribute to delays in early recognition and interventions. A framework is suggested to address these unmet needs at various levels to improve the care of these children with ASD. These include a) a focus on education of medical professionals, paraprofessionals, and teachers; b) setting up infrastructure at community, regional, and statewide levels, with adequate funding; and c) use of audiovisual technology and collaboration with international expertise.

Individuals with congenital amusia remember music they like

Music is better recognized when it is liked. Does this association remain evident when music perception and memory are severely impaired, as in congenital amusia? We tested 11 amusic and 11 matched control participants, asking whether liking of a musical excerpt influences subsequent recognition. In an initial exposure phase, participants-unaware that their recognition would be tested subsequently-listened to 24 musical excerpts and judged how much they liked each excerpt. In the test phase that followed, participants rated whether they recognized the previously heard excerpts, which were intermixed with an equal number of foils matched for mode, tempo, and musical genre. As expected, recognition was in general impaired for amusic participants compared with control participants. For both groups, however, recognition was better for excerpts that were liked, and the liking enhancement did not differ between groups. These results contribute to a growing body of research that examines the complex interplay between emotions and cognitive processes. More specifically, they extend previous findings related to amusics' impairments to a new memory paradigm and suggest that (1) amusic individuals are sensitive to an aesthetic and subjective dimension of the music-listening experience, and (2) emotions can support memory processes even in a population with impaired music perception and memory.