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Vinther A, Ramnarine E, Gastineau T, O'Brien L, Brehm O, Fryrear D. Approaches to Design an Efficient, Predictable Global Post-approval Change Management System that Facilitates Continual Improvement and Drug Product Availability. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2024; 58:433-442. [PMID: 38369639 PMCID: PMC11043098 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The complexity and inter-connectedness of operating in a global world for drug product supply has become an undeniable reality, further underscored by the COVID-19 pandemic. For Post-Approval Changes (PACs) that are an inevitable part of a product's commercial life, the impact of the growing global regulatory complexity and related drug shortages has brought the Global PAC Management System to an inflection point in particular for companies that have their products marketed in many countries.This paper illustrates through data analyzed for the first time from 145,000 + PACs for 156 countries, collected by 18 global pharma companies over a 3-year period (2019-2021), how severe the problem of global regulatory complexity is. Only PACs requiring national regulatory agency (NRA) approval prior to implementation were included in the data set. 1 of the 156 country NRAs approved all submitted PACs within a period of 6 months. The 6-month timeline was chosen because it is the recommended review timeline for major changes in the WHO guidance for vaccines and biotherapeutic products. 10 out of the 156 (6%) countries had no more than 10% of the PACs reviewed and approved in > 6 months. In 33 (22%) countries more than half of the PACs took > 6 months for approval. It is rare that the same PAC is approved globally within 6 months as individual NRAs take from a few months to years (in some cases > 5 years) for their review.The global PAC management complexity has steadily grown over the past 20 years. Attempts thus far to solve this problem have not made any meaningful difference. Senior leaders and decision-makers across the interdependent components of the complex Global PAC Management System (industry and regulators) must come together and collaboratively manage the problem holistically with the objective of ensuring global drug product availability instead of continuing with distinct stakeholder or country-focused solutions, which can tend to worsen the problem.In this paper, the Chief Quality Officers (CQOs) from 18 of the largest innovator pharma companies (see Acknowledgements) are speaking with One-Voice-of-Quality for PACs (1VQ for PACs Initiative). They are recommending a set of 8 approaches to activate a holistic transformation of the Global PAC Management System. This article presents their view on the problem of global regulatory complexity for managing PACs, it's impact on continual improvement and the risk to drug product supply, as well as approaches that can help alleviate the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Vinther
- QBA - Quality Business Administration, San Carlos, CA, USA.
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De Lucia ML, Comesaña C, Rodriguez H, Dangy-Caye A. Impact Assessment of Divergence on Post-approval Changes Classifications of Latin America Region With Europe and the United States, and Propositions to Harmonize Classification Based on Risk as a Path to Build the Trust Between National Regulatory Agencies. Clin Ther 2024; 46:164-172. [PMID: 38092583 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The lack of harmonization in the post-approval changes (PACs) classifications for pharmaceutical products may have an impact on the efficient implementation of PACs and in the supply of medicine, jeopardizing the continuity of therapies, especially in the case of chronic diseases. The percentage of similarity between the PACs classifications existing between countries of Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Central America) versus Europe and the United States (US) has been calculated, focused on the PACs for chemical products and on the minor and moderate variations as defined in the European Union (EU)1,2 and US3 regulations. Even though Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina implemented a risk-based PACs classification, a wide diversity is observed, with a high percentage of variations classified as major or high risk for these countries and the rest of the Latin American countries, except for Venezuela (which previously adopted and recognized the EU classification). In addition, we identified a group/subset of PACs that are not categorized in the regulations of Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Central America countries. Considering that Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina are members or observers of the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use4 and the Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme,5 these countries could further align their PACs classification with the EU and US regulations. This could also be an opportunity for other countries of the Latin America region to recognize and adopt PACs classifications aligned to the EU or United States, which would also support the inclusion of reliance processes in their regulation for already considered/recognized reference countries. This would guarantee more health authority efficiency and optimization as well as more uniform implementation of PACs globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia De Lucia
- Regulatory Science and Policy Lead Latin America, Sanofi, PH Evolution, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
| | | | - Heraclio Rodriguez
- Regulatory Science and Policy Lead Latin America, Sanofi, PH Evolution, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Agnes Dangy-Caye
- Regulatory Science and Policy Manager Europe and Middle East, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin Cedex, France
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Dellepiane N, Pagliusi S, Akut P, Comellas S, De Clercq N, Ghadge S, Gastineau T, McGoldrick M, Nurnaeni I, Scheppler L. Alignment in post-approval changes (PAC) guidelines in emerging countries may increase timely access to vaccines: An illustrative assessment by manufacturers. Vaccine X 2020; 6:100075. [PMID: 32995745 PMCID: PMC7516132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2020.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of regulations and guidelines from 33 countries reveals complexity. Variability of regulatory guidance for review and approval of manufacturing changes. Reliance on the regulatory approval in the country of origin offers a solution. Improving guidelines alignment & regulatory convergence will benefit public health.
A comparison of the regulations and guidelines from 33 countries, across different regions, on the requirements and procedures for the management of chemical, manufacturing and control (CMC) changes for vaccines, also known as post- approval changes (PACs), reveals significant variability and lack of predictability of timelines for regulatory review and approval. These shortcomings imply that multiple data packages have to be prepared for submission to different authorities, generating a complex regulatory environment. Moreover, the timelines for approval by individual national regulatory authorities are variable, which results in manufacturers keeping various stocks of vaccines produced in accordance with the various approved specifications and procedures, in the different countries. This can seriously affect timely availability of vaccine in those countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on procedures and data requirements for changes to approved vaccines provide a consensual framework for alignment, but are still underused. Reliance on both the review and approval by the regulatory authority in the country of manufacturing, or on the review performed by other national regulatory authorities, recognized by WHO as stringent, or on WHO prequalification dossier, offer alternative ways forward. These and other options to improve the management of post-approval changes during the product lifecycle of vaccines are discussed in this report, and aimed at improving guidelines alignment and regulatory convergence to advance immunization equity and coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Dellepiane
- QRB Consultants Sàrl, 33, Chemin de la Petite Fontaine, 1270 Trélex, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Pagliusi
- DCVMN International, Route de Crassier 7A, 1262 Nyon, Switzerland
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Wadhwa M, Kang HN, Jivapaisarnpong T, Andalucia LR, Blades CDRZ, Casas Levano M, Chang W, Chew JY, Chilufya MB, Chirachanakul P, Cho HG, Cho YO, Choi KM, Chong S, Chua HM, Farahani AV, Gencoglu M, Ghobrial MRW, Guha P, Gutierrez Lugo MT, Ha SB, Habahbeh S, Hamel H, Hong Y, Iarutkin A, Jang H, Jayachandran R, Jivapaisarnpong T, Kang HN, Kim DY, Kim GH, Kim Y, Kwon HS, Larsen J, Lee AH, Lee J, Medvedeva K, Munkombwe Z, Oh I, Park J, Park J, Putri DE, Rodgers J, Ryu S, Savkina M, Schreitmueller T, Semeniuk O, Seo M, Shin YI, Shin J, Srivastava S, Song H, Song S, Tavares Neto J, Wadhwa M, Yamaguchi T, Youn HJD, Yun M. WHO implementation workshop on guidelines on procedures and data requirements for changes to approved biotherapeutic products, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 25-26 June 2019. Biologicals 2020; 65:50-59. [PMID: 31959504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first global workshop on implementation of the WHO guidelines on procedures and data requirements for changes to approved biotherapeutic products adopted by the WHO Expert Committee in 2018 was held in June 2019. The workshop participants recognized that the principles based on sound science and the potential for risk, as described in the WHO Guidelines on post-approval changes, which constitute the global standard for product life-cycle management are providing clarity and helping national regulatory authorities in establishing guidance while improving time-lines for an efficient regulation of products. Consequently, the regulatory situation for post-approval changes and guideline implementation is changing but there is a disparity between different countries. While the guidelines are gradually being implemented in some countries and also being considered in other countries, the need for regional workshops and further training on post-approval changes was a common theme reiterated by many participants. Given the complexities relating to post-approval changes in different regions/countries, there was a clear understanding among all participants that an efficient approach for product life-cycle management at a national level is needed to ensure faster availability of high standard, safe and efficacious medicines to patients as per the World Health Assembly Resolution 67.21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Wadhwa
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom.
| | - Hye-Na Kang
- World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Teeranart Jivapaisarnpong
- National Biopharmaceutical Facility, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
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- International MSD International GmbH, Singapore
| | | | | | - Mary Casas Levano
- General Directorate of Medicines Supplies and Drugs (DIGEMID), San Miguel, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kyung Min Choi
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Mumun Gencoglu
- International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aleksei Iarutkin
- Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare (Roszdravnadzor), Russian Federation
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- National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NADFC), Indonesia
| | | | | | - Maria Savkina
- The FSBI "SCEEMP of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - HyeonHo Song
- ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Meenu Wadhwa
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, United Kingdom
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Hamaui Cuadrado S, Guinart Vidal M. 30th Annual Drug Information Association (DIA) Europe 2018 (April 17-19, 2018 - Basel, Switzerland). Drugs Today (Barc) 2018; 54:335-341. [PMID: 29911697 DOI: 10.1358/dot.2018.54.5.2828185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The Drug Information Association (DIA) Europe held its annual meeting from April 17-19, 2018, in Basel, Switzerland. The key topics discussed in the 3-day meeting were related to pharmacovigilance, clinical development, patient engagement, data and data standards, preclinical development and early-phase clinical research, regulatory science, translational medicine and science, and value and access. The program was principally focused on the current opportunities and future landscape of the healthcare system as a result of the increasingly innovative technologies and effective utilization of big data. In addition, the critical need for collaboration and partnership between all the stakeholders of the healthcare system was highlighted. This report covers some of the regulatory sessions presented at the meeting in which regulators, payers, industry and patients presented their perspectives for discussion.
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Wadhwa M, Kang HN, Hamel H, Jivapaisarnpong T. WHO informal consultation on development of guidelines on procedures and data requirements for changes to approved biotherapeutic products, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 27-28 April 2017. Biologicals 2018; 52:83-91. [PMID: 29289489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In April 2017, WHO convened an informal consultation to develop WHO guidelines on procedures and data requirements for changes to approved biotherapeutic products. The objective of the meeting was to review the draft of WHO guidelines and the comments received from the public consultation. The guidelines were recognized by the participants as a tool for regulatory convergence and harmonization. Regulation of changes to approved biotherapeutic products is a key in ensuring that products of consistent quality, safety and efficacy are distributed after they receive authorization or licensure. Participants agreed that the guidelines would contribute to assuring the continued quality, safety and efficacy throughout the life-cycle of biotherapeutics as well as continuity in supply and access. In the meeting, participants further requested WHO should assist national regulatory authorities in improving technical expertise in the evaluation of biotherapeutics and their post-approval changes by organizing implementation workshops and developing case studies and e-training modules on various technical topics. At its meeting in October 2017, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization formally adopted the WHO guidelines on procedures and data requirements for changes to approved biotherapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Wadhwa
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Hye-Na Kang
- Essential Medicines and Health Products (EMP) Department, World Health Organization (WHO), Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland.
| | - Hugo Hamel
- Monoclonal Antibodies Division, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, 100 Eglantine Driveway, A/L: 0602B, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Teeranart Jivapaisarnpong
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Tivanon Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
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Jornitz MW. A Review of the Aging Process and Facilities Topic. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2015; 69:553-556. [PMID: 26242790 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2015.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging facilities have become a concern in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical manufacturing industry, so much that task forces are formed by trade organizations to address the topic. Too often, examples of aging or obsolete equipment, unit operations, processes, or entire facilities have been encountered. Major contributors to this outcome are the failure to invest in new equipment, disregarding appropriate maintenance activities, and neglecting the implementation of modern technologies. In some cases, a production process is insufficiently modified to manufacture a new product in an existing process that was used to produce a phased-out product. In other instances, manufacturers expanded the facility or processes to fulfill increasing demand and the scaling occurred in a non-uniform manner, which led to non-optimal results. Regulatory hurdles of post-approval changes in the process may thwart companies' efforts to implement new technologies. As an example, some changes have required 4 years to gain global approval. This paper will address cases of aging processes and facilities aside from modernizing options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik W Jornitz
- G-CON Manufacturing, Inc., 8800 HSC Pkwy, Bryan, Texas 77807
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