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Lessard-Lord J, Auger S, Demers S, Plante PL, Picard P, Desjardins Y. Automated High-Throughput Quantification of Phenyl-γ-valerolactones and Creatinine in Urine by Laser Diode Thermal Desorption. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:16787-16796. [PMID: 37890868 PMCID: PMC10637324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of nutritional biomarkers is crucial to accurately assess the dietary intake of different classes of (poly)phenols in large epidemiological studies. High-throughput analysis is mandatory to apply this methodology in large cohorts. However, the current validated methods to quantify (poly)phenols metabolites in biological fluids use ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), leading to analysis time of several minutes per sample. To significantly reduce the run time, we developed and validated a method to quantify in urine the flavan-3-ols biomarkers, phenyl-γ-valerolactones (PVLs), using laser diode thermal desorption (LDTD). This mass spectrometry source allows direct introduction of sample extracts, resulting in analysis time of less than 10 s per sample. Also, to encompass the problem associated with the cost and availability of sulfated and glucuronide analytical standards, urine samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. Creatinine was also quantified to normalize the results obtained from the urinary spot. Results obtained with LDTD-MS/MS were cross-validated by UPLC-MS/MS using 155 urine samples. Coefficient of correlation was above 0.975 for PVLs and creatinine. For all analytes, the accuracy was between 90% and 113% by LDTD-MS/MS. Altogether, sample preparation was fully automated to demonstrate the application potential of this method to large cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lessard-Lord
- Institute
of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Nutrition,
Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department
of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, 2425 Rue de l’Agriculture, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Serge Auger
- Phytronix
Technologies, 4535, Boulevard
Wilfrid-Hamel, Suite #120, Québec, Québec G1P 2J7, Canada
| | - Sarah Demers
- Phytronix
Technologies, 4535, Boulevard
Wilfrid-Hamel, Suite #120, Québec, Québec G1P 2J7, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Plante
- Institute
of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Nutrition,
Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Picard
- Phytronix
Technologies, 4535, Boulevard
Wilfrid-Hamel, Suite #120, Québec, Québec G1P 2J7, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute
of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Nutrition,
Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department
of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, 2425 Rue de l’Agriculture, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
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Lacoursière J, Auger S, Demers S, Picard P. SAMHSA drug panel screening in oral fluid: Development of screening method at 8 seconds per sample using LDTD-MS/MS. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2022.06.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Jagerdeo E, Auger S. Rapid screening procedures for a variety of complex forensic samples using laser diode thermal desorption (LDTD) coupled to different mass spectrometers. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9244. [PMID: 34984743 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The applications shared in this paper demonstrate the wide variety of samples that can be analyzed when Laser Diode Thermal Desorption (LDTD) is interfaced with a high-resolution mass spectrometer and show the speed at which high quality data can be generated from complex matrices. METHODS Samples are solvent extracted and spotted in a 96-well plate. In the case of biological fluids, hydrolysis followed by solid-phase extraction is required. The solvent in the 96-well plate is evaporated followed by mass spectrometric (MS) analysis with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Where applicable, the instrument is operated in data-dependent mode, with a full-scan mass spectrum followed by MS/MS spectra of the top 10 ions with a total runtime of 0.4 min. RESULTS Four applications (MAAQ and Tear Gas, twelve rodenticides, seven explosives, and 40 drugs of abuse) are reported in this paper. MAAQ, tear gas, and rodenticides were identified by full-scan, followed by MS/MS experiments at levels of 125 μg/L, 125 μg/L, and 500 μg/L, respectively. Explosives were all identified at 102 μg/L by full-scan experiments. The drugs of abuse were identified by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) experiments at defined cutoff levels from 2 to 1000 μg/L. CONCLUSIONS Interfacing LDTD with a mass spectrometer allows for rapid screening of a wide range of samples, with either minimal or complex sample preparation. Using a high-resolution mass spectrometer with the combination to perform full-scan and MS/MS experiments adds a high level of specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshwar Jagerdeo
- Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico, VA, USA
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Gravel A, Guérette C, Fortin D, Auger S, Picard P, Segura PA. Further studies on the signal enhancement effect in laser diode thermal desorption-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using microwell surface coatings. J Mass Spectrom 2019; 54:948-956. [PMID: 31652386 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The laser diode thermal desorption (LDTD) ionization source allows ultrafast and sensitive analysis of small molecules by mass spectrometry. Signal enhancement in LDTD has been observed when coating the surface of sample microwells with a solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or nitrilotriacetic acid. Here we present a quantitative analysis of signal enhancement using solutions of diverse commercial proteins (lysozyme, immunoglobulin G, albumin, and fibrinogen) as coatings. Results showed that compounds with polar chemical functions such as carboxylic acid, sulfonyl, and nitro had signal enhancement factors, in most cases higher than 10, when using any of the tested proteins as coating agent. Analysis of variance revealed that immunoglobulin G and fibrinogen gave the best results. However, the signal enhancement factors obtained with these proteins were not superior to those observed with EDTA. To explain the signal enhancement effect of proteins, analysis by scanning electron microscopy of dried samples on the microwell sample plates was carried out. Images showed that salicylic acid, one of the compounds with the highest observed signal enhancement, formed a thick layer when applied directly on the uncoated surface, but it formed small crystals (<1 μm) in the presence of protein or EDTA coatings. Further crystallographic studies using powder X-ray diffraction showed that the crystalline form of salicylic acid is modified in the presence of EDTA. Salicylic acid when mixed with EDTA had a higher percentage of amorphous phase (38.1%) than without EDTA (23.1%). These results appear to confirm that the diminution of crystal size of analytes and the increase of amorphous phase are implicated in signal enhancement effect observed in LDTD using microwell surface coatings. To design better coatings and completely elucidate the signal enhancement effect in LDTD, more studies are necessary to understand the effects of coatings on the ionization of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Gravel
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Fortin
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | | | - Pedro A Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Zanet V, Vidic J, Auger S, Vizzini P, Lippe G, Iacumin L, Comi G, Manzano M. Activity evaluation of pure and doped zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens andSaccharomyces cerevisiae. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1391-1402. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Zanet
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Udine Italy
| | - J. Vidic
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris‐Saclay Jouy‐en‐Josas France
| | - S. Auger
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris‐Saclay Jouy‐en‐Josas France
| | - P. Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Udine Italy
| | - G. Lippe
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Udine Italy
| | - L. Iacumin
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Udine Italy
| | - G. Comi
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Udine Italy
| | - M. Manzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali Università di Udine Udine Italy
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Flament E, Gaulier JM, Guitton J, Gaillard Y, Auger S. Développement d’une méthode d’identification de plusieurs mycotoxines par désorption laser-spectrométrie de masse (LDTD-Orbitrap). Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2019.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dion-Fortier A, Gravel A, Guérette C, Chevillot F, Blais S, Auger S, Picard P, Segura PA. Signal enhancement in laser diode thermal desorption-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis using microwell surface coatings. J Mass Spectrom 2019; 54:167-177. [PMID: 30600862 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Laser-diode thermal desorption (LDTD) is an ionization source usually coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQMS) and specifically designed for laboratories requiring high-throughput analysis. It has been observed that surface coatings on LDTD microwell plates can improve the sensitivity of the analysis of small polar molecules. The objective of the present study is to understand and quantify the effect of microwell surface coatings on signal intensity of small organic molecules of clinical, environmental, and forensic interest. Experiments showed that the peak areas of diclofenac, chloramphenicol, salicylic acid, and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol obtained by LDTD-QqQMS increased by up to 3 orders of magnitude when using microwells coated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Tests with different chelating agents and polytetrafluoroethylene as microwell surface coatings showed that nitrilotriacetic acid gave significantly higher peak areas for five out of the nine compounds that showed signal enhancement using chelating agents as coatings. Scanning electron microscopy studies of EDTA-coated and uncoated microwells showed that analytes deposited in the former formed more uniform and thinner films than in the latter. The enhancement effect of surface coatings in LDTD-QqQMS was explained mainly by the formation of homogenous and thinner layers of nanocrystals of analytes that are easier to desorb thermally than the layers formed when the analytes dry in direct contact with the bare stainless-steel surface. Chemisorption of some analytes to the stainless-steel surface of the microwell plate appeared to be a minor factor. Surface coatings widen the number of compounds analyzable by LDTD-QqQMS and can also improve sensitivity and limits of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Dion-Fortier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alexia Gravel
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Cassandra Guérette
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Fanny Chevillot
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sonia Blais
- Centre de caractérisation des matériaux, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Serge Auger
- Phytronix Technologies, Québec, QC, G1P 2J7, Canada
| | | | - Pedro A Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
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Pulicharla R, Zolfaghari M, Brar SK, Drogui P, Auger S, Verma M, Surampalli RY. Acute Impact of Chlortetracycline on Nitrifying and Denitrifying Processes. Water Environ Res 2018; 90:604-614. [PMID: 30188278 DOI: 10.2175/106143017x15131012153095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, sequential nitrification and anoxic experiments in synthetic municipal wastewater were exposed to 0.5 to 100 mg/L of chlortetracycline for 24 h to evaluate acute impact on the nitrification, and denitrification processes of biological treatment. Both processes were significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited at >50 mg/L of chlortetracycline, and the results revealed that nitrification was adversely affected by chlortetracycline compared with the anoxic process. In nitrification, chemical oxygen removal (COD) and ammonia oxidation kinetics were 50% inhibited at 10 mg chlortetracycline/L, and nitrite oxidation kinetics at 0.5 mg chlortetracycline/L. Likewise, in the anoxic process, 14 and 10 mg/L of chlortetracycline inhibited 50% of COD removal and nitrate reduction kinetics, respectively. In nitrification and denitrification, 90% of chlortetracycline was removed by adsorbing onto sludge suspended solids. In addition, a higher chlortetracycline concentration in anoxic effluent, compared with aerobic effluents, indicated a dissimilarity in the composition of sludge solids, pH, and biomass production for both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Pulicharla
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
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Pulicharla R, Brar SK, Rouissi T, Auger S, Drogui P, Verma M, Surampalli RY. Degradation of chlortetracycline in wastewater sludge by ultrasonication, Fenton oxidation, and ferro-sonication. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 34:332-342. [PMID: 27773254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Residual emerging contaminants in wastewater sludge remain an obstacle for its wide and safe applications such as landfilling and bio-fertilizer. In this study, the feasibility of individual ultrasonication (UlS) and Fenton oxidation (FO) and combined, Ferro-sonication processes (FO) on the degradation of chlortetracycline (CTC) in wastewater sludge was investigated. UlS parameters such as amplitude and sonication time were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) for further optimization of FS process. Generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals in FO and FS processes were compared to evaluate the degradation efficiency of CTC. Increasing in the ratio of hydrogen peroxide and iron concentration showed increased CTC degradation in FO process; whereas in FS, an increase in iron concentration did not show any significant effect (p>0.05) on CTC degradation in sludge. The estimated iron concentration in sludge (115mg/kg) was enough to degrade CTC without the addition of external iron. The only adjustment of sludge pH to 3 was enough to generate in-situ hydroxyl radicals by utilizing iron which is already present in the sludge. This observation was further supported by hydroxyl radical estimation with adjustment of water pH to 3 and with and without the addition of iron. The optimum operating UlS conditions were found to be 60% amplitude for 106min by using RSM. Compared to standalone UlS and FO at 1:1 ratio, FS showed 15% and 8% increased CTC degradation respectively. In addition, UlS of sludge increased estrogenic activity 1.5 times higher compared to FO. FS treated samples did not show any estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Pulicharla
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Serge Auger
- Phytronix Technologies, 4535 Boulevard Wilfrid Hamel, Québec G1P 2J7, Canada
| | - Patrick Drogui
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Mausam Verma
- CO2 Solutions Inc., 2300, Rue Jean-Perrin, Québec, Québec G2C 1T9, Canada
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC PO Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
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Daldoul I, Auger S, Picard P, Nohair B, Kaliaguine S. Effect of temperature Ramp on hydrocarbon desorption profiles from zeolite ZSM-12. CAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Daldoul
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Université Laval; QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | | | | | - Bendaoud Nohair
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Université Laval; QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Serge Kaliaguine
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Université Laval; QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
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Krause C, Lauroua P, Andre-Botte C, Auger S, Besiers C, Bouix O, Chartier M, Delamaire M, Delugin L, Giroux-Lathuile C, Mercadier A, Mouchet C, Volle P, Gouvitsos J, Rihet I, Toulemonde E, Djoudi R. Étude comparative multicentrique de cinq automates réalisant les recherches d’anticorps irréguliers (RAI) et les groupes ABO RH.KEL1. Transfus Clin Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2015.06.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jourdil JF, Picard P, Meunier C, Auger S, Stanke-Labesque F. Ultra-fast cyclosporin A quantitation in whole blood by Laser Diode Thermal Desorption – Tandem Mass Spectrometry; comparison with High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 805:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Lauroua P, Gounelle V, Krause C, Auger S, Andre Botte C, Ferrera V, Chartier M, Desbois I, Roubinet F. Logiciel de laboratoire EFS spécifique aux laboratoires d’immuno-hématologie. Transfus Clin Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2013.03.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lauroua P, Krause C, Raba M, Delamaire M, Auger S, Ferrera V, Roubinet F. Immunisation post-transfusionnelle des nouveau-nés âgés de zéro à trois mois – Étude multicentrique rétrospective de 2009 à 2012. Transfus Clin Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The PatB protein of Bacillus subtilis had both cystathionine beta-lyase and cysteine desulfhydrase activities in vitro. The apparent K(m) value of the PatB protein for cystathionine was threefold higher than that of the MetC protein, the previously characterized cystathionine beta-lyase of B. subtilis. In the presence of cystathionine as sole sulfur source, the patB gene present on a multicopy plasmid restored the growth of a metC mutant. In addition, the patB metC double mutant was unable to grow in the presence of sulfate or cystine while the patB or metC single mutants grew similarly to the wild-type strains in the presence of the same sulfur sources. In a metC mutant, the PatB protein can replace the MetC enzyme in the methionine biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Auger
- Unité de Génétique des Génomes Bactériens, Institut Pasteur, URA CNRS 2171, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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Bydal P, Auger S, Poirier D. Inhibition of type 2 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by estradiol derivatives bearing a lactone on the D-ring: structure-activity relationships. Steroids 2004; 69:325-42. [PMID: 15219411 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2004.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Revised: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral conversion of steroid precursors into biologically active forms can be a major source of steroid synthesis, and these steroids support the growth of hormone-dependent diseases. The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) enzyme family is involved in the biosynthesis of active steroids and its inhibition constitutes an interesting approach for treating estrogen- and androgen-dependent cancers. We previously found that a compound formed by the introduction of a spiro-gamma-lactone at position 17 of estradiol (E2) produces a significant inhibition of type 2 17beta-HSD. To optimize the inhibitory potency of such compounds, we synthesized a series of estradiol derivatives bearing a lactone on the D-ring and tested their ability to inhibit the type 2 17beta-HSD transformation of 4-androstenedione into testosterone. The results of our structure-activity relationship study determined the importance of the 17beta-orientation of the oxygen atom. Indeed, the 17beta-O-isomer of spiro-gamma-lactone-E2 is a much more potent inhibitor than the 17alpha-O-analog (respectively 85 and 9% of inhibition at 1 microM). The carbonyl function is essential since the percentage of inhibition shifts from 85 to 30%, 15, or 3%, when the carbonyl group is transformed into a hydroxyl, a methoxy or a methylene (cycloether) group, respectively. Our results lead us to realize the importance of the spirolactone versus the C17beta-O/C16beta lactone (respectively 32 and 2% of inhibition at 0.1 microM, for the same size of lactone ring). The optimal size for the spirolactone was also established to be six members. All the types of substituents (methyl, dimethyl, allyl, propyl, and methoxycarbonyl) that we added on the spiro-delta-lactone moiety decreased the inhibitory activity, suggesting steric restrictions for the space that can be occupied in proximity of the spiro-delta-lactone functionality. 17-(Spiro-delta-lactone)-E2, compound 6, was thus the most potent inhibitor of type 2 17beta-HSD with a K(i) value of 29 +/- 5 nM. This compound reversibly inhibits type 2 17beta-HSD in a non-competitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bydal
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Pavillon CHUL, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada
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Jensen TK, Slama R, Ducot B, Suominen J, Cawood EH, Andersen AG, Eustache F, Irvine S, Auger S, Jouannet P, Vierula M, Jørgensen N, Toppari J, Skakkebaek NE, Keiding N, Spira A. Regional differences in waiting time to pregnancy among fertile couples from four European cities. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:2697-704. [PMID: 11726598 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/16.12.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous European study found a longer time to pregnancy (TTP) among fertile women from Paris compared with women from other Western European countries. A co-ordinated, cross-sectional study of pregnant couples from Denmark (Copenhagen), France (Paris), Scotland (Edinburgh) and Finland (Turku) was therefore undertaken to assess differences in waiting TTP among couples from these cities. METHODS Pregnant women were invited to participate when they showed up for their first antenatal visit in one of the four centres. Inclusion criteria included that their partner was 20-45 years of age and born in the country in which he was currently living and that the pregnancy was achieved without fertility treatment. Both partners filled in a questionnaire and the man underwent a physical examination and delivered a semen sample (Turku: n = 237, Copenhagen: n = 302, Edinburgh: n = 212, Paris: n = 191). RESULTS French couples had a decreased probability of conception compared with couples from the other three countries, although only after adjustment for confounders. No significant differences between couples from the three other countries were found. CONCLUSION The observed geographical differences in TTP remain unexplained and were not due to differences in semen quality, but may be caused by varying exposures to environmental factors or psychological distress. In addition, selection bias due to the low participation rates cannot be ruled out. Future studies examining the causes for geographical differences in TTP are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, section GR-5064, Rigshospitalet, The Juliane Marie Centre, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Auger S, Deloffre S, Dodart A, Jamet L. [A screening for weight....]. Soins Pediatr Pueric 2001:40-1. [PMID: 11949324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Auger
- L'Institut de formation des cadres de santé (IFCS) Lyon-Bron, CH Le Vinatier, Bron
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Raffi F, Reliquet V, Francois C, Garre M, Hascoet C, Allavena C, Arvieux C, Breux JP, Perre P, Rozenbaum W, Auger S. Stavudine plus didanosine and nevirapine in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults: preliminary safety and efficacy results. VIRGO Study Team. Antivir Ther 2000; 3 Suppl 4:57-60. [PMID: 10723512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this open-label trial is to evaluate the virological and immunological effects of triple therapy with stavudine (40 mg twice daily if > or = 60 kg, 30 mg twice daily if < 60 kg)/didanosine (400 mg once daily if > or = 60 kg, 300 mg once daily if < 60 kg)/nevirapine (200 mg daily from day 1 to 14, then 200 mg twice daily) in 60 antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts > or = 200 cells/mm3 and plasma HIV RNA > or = 5000 copies/ml. At present, 59 patients have begun receiving the trial regimen. Characteristics of patients at baseline were as follows: 46 men/13 women, CDC stage A, 75%; mean CD4 cell count, 429 cells/mm3; mean HIV RNA, 4.6 log10 copies/ml). Mean decrease of viral load was -1.9 log10 at week 4 (n = 39), -1.9 log10 at week 16 (n = 20), with HIV RNA below the detectable level (< 500 copies/ml) in 62% of patients at week 4 and 85% at week 16. Mean CD4 cell count increase was +118 cells/mm3 at week 4. Cutaneous intolerance occurred within the first 4 weeks in 11/59 (19%) patients after a mean of 14 days (range, 3-24 days) and led to nevirapine discontinuation in 3/11 patients. Preliminary results of this ongoing trial show that combination therapy with stavudine/didanosine/nevirapine is a convenient (seven pills in two daily intakes) triple-therapy regimen with rapid immunological and antiviral effects. Rash, frequent in the first weeks of therapy, usually can be managed without stopping nevirapine. Long-term suppression of plasma HIV RNA with this combination needs to be confirmed but may support use of nevirapine as a component of first-line anti-HIV therapy along with two nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Raffi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Nantes, France
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Goin JC, Borda ES, Auger S, Storino R, Sterin-Borda L. Cardiac M(2) muscarinic cholinoceptor activation by human chagasic autoantibodies: association with bradycardia. Heart 1999; 82:273-8. [PMID: 10455074 PMCID: PMC1729178 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.82.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether exposure of cardiac muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) to activating chagasic antimyocardial immunoglobulins results in bradycardia and other dysautonomic symptoms associated with the regulation of heart rate. METHODS Trypanosoma cruzi infected patients with bradycardia and other abnormalities in tests of the autonomic nervous system were studied and compared with normal subjects. Antipeptide antibodies in serum were demonstrated by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using a synthetic 24-mer-peptide corresponding antigenically to the second extracellular loop of the human heart M(2) mAChR. The functional effect of affinity purified antipeptide IgG from chagasic patients on spontaneous beating frequency and cAMP production of isolated normal rat atria was studied. RESULTS There was a strong association between the finding of antipeptide antibodies in chagasic patients and the presence of basal bradycardia and an altered Valsalva manoeuvre (basal bradycardia: chi(2) = 37.5, p < 0. 00001; Valsalva manoeuvre: chi(2) = 70.0, p < 0.00001). The antipeptide autoantibodies also showed agonist activity, decreasing the rate of contraction and cAMP production. The effects on rat atria resembled the effects of the authentic agonist and those of the total polyclonal chagasic IgG, being selectively blunted by atropine and AF-DX 116, and neutralised by the synthetic peptide corresponding in amino acid sequence to the second extracellular loop of the human M(2) mAChR. CONCLUSIONS There is an association between circulating antipeptide autoantibodies in chagasic patients and the presence of bradycardia and other dysautonomic symptoms. Thus these autoantibodies are a marker of autoimmune cardiac autonomic dysfunction. The results support the hypothesis that autoimmune mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of chagasic cardioneuromyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Goin
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Serrano 669, 5to Piso, 1414 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Raffi F, Reliquet V, Auger S, Besnier JM, Chennebault JM, Billaud E, Michelet C, Perre P, Lafeuillade A, May T, Billaudel S. Efficacy and safety of stavudine and didanosine combination therapy in antiretroviral-experienced patients. AIDS 1998; 12:1999-2005. [PMID: 9814868 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199815000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy, tolerance, and safety of combination antiretroviral therapy with didanosine and stavudine in HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts > 100 x 10(6)/l and HIV plasma RNA > 10(4) copies/ml previously treated with other antiretroviral agents for at least 3 months. DESIGN In this open, multicentre, non-randomized, Phase II pilot study, adult patients were administered didanosine (200 mg twice daily) plus stavudine (40 mg twice daily) for 6 months. Patients for whom the first regimen had led to undetectable HIV RNA levels were offered a second 6-month course of treatment; those who had achieved insufficient immunological and virological gains in the first 6 months were given a new combination. METHODS Primary evaluation of efficacy was based on viral load measured by branched DNA second-generation testing (lower limit of detection, 500 copies/ml) and CD4+ cell counts; secondary evaluations included AIDS-defining events and clinical side-effects. RESULTS Sixty-five patients with median prior antiretroviral therapy of 24 months (65 with zidovudine, 29 with zalcitabine) were included in the study. At baseline, median CD4+ cell count was 198 x 10(6)/l and median plasma HIV RNA was 80000 copies/ml (4.9 log10 copies/ml). In this heavily pretreated population, an increase in the mean CD4+ cell count was observed (+70 x 10(6)/l at 24 weeks). In addition, rapid and prolonged antiviral activity was seen, with a mean maximal decrease of 1.1 log10 copies/ml at week 4, a mean decrease of 0.89 log10 copies/ml at week 24, and a plasma RNA viraemia < 500 copies/ml achieved in 14% of patients at week 24. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy with stavudine and didanosine is safe and leads to a sustained antiviral effect, even in patients with prolonged prior antiretroviral exposure and low CD4+ cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Raffi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Nantes, France
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Storino R, Auger S, Jörg M. [Which is the reality of Chagas disease in Argentina and in America?]. Medicina (B Aires) 1998; 57:513-6. [PMID: 9674279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Sam KM, Boivin RP, Tremblay MR, Auger S, Poirier D. C16 and C17 derivatives of estradiol as inhibitors of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: chemical synthesis and structure-activity relationships. Drug Des Discov 1998; 15:157-80. [PMID: 9689499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As a first part of our research focused on the synthesis of 17 beta-HSD type 1 inhibitors without estrogenic activity, we needed to identify a small, easy-to-handle pharmacophore able to block the enzymatic activity. Previous studies on the active site of the enzyme by affinity labeling gave us a basis for the design of steroidal inhibitors derivatives. Several estradiol derivatives bearing a short (three carbons) side chain in position 17 alpha or 16 alpha were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit the transformation of estrone into estradiol by 17 beta-HSD type 1 (cytosolic fraction of human placenta). We found that 16 alpha-derivatives of estradiol gave better 17 beta-HSD inhibition than their corresponding 17 alpha analogs. Among several chemical groups used in this study, we conclude that better 17 beta-HSD inhibition was obtained for compounds with a good leaving group at the end of side chain. Thus, an iodopropyl or a bromopropyl side chain at C16 alpha of estradiol (E2) inhibit efficiently the 17 beta-HSD type 1 with IC50 values of 0.42 and 0.46 microM, respectively. Their 17-keto analogs inhibit also the enzyme activity similarly. Since this kind of compounds inhibit the 17 beta-HSD type 1 in time-dependent manner and that enzymatic activity cannot be restored later, we conclude to inhibitor of inactivator type. This conclusion is in accordance with the correlation observed between the ability of leaving group to dissociate and their potency to inhibit 17 beta-HSD type 1. We have also observed that additional addition of untritiated estrone protect the enzyme against the inactivation caused by 16 alpha-bromopropyl-E2 suggesting a competitive inhibitor of 17 beta-HSD. The bromopropyl pharmacophore was then selected to be further added onto an antiestrogenic steroid nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Sam
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUL Research Center and Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
In an effort to develop potent agents for reducing the levels of the active estrogen, estradiol, we developed a new category of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) type 1 inhibitors. The compounds described possess a butyl methyl alkylamide side chain linked to the C6 position of estradiol by a thioether. With a series of epimeric mixtures, an optimal side-chain length of five methylene groups (between the amide group and steroid part) was first determined. Thereafter, both C6 epimers of optimized mixture were obtained after high-pressure liquid chromatography separation. 1H and 13C NMR experiments were performed to confirm the stereochemistry of each epimer. The 6beta-orientation of the side-chain was found to be crucial for enzymatic inhibition. Indeed, for the optimized side-chain length, the compound with a beta-orientation (5: N-butyl,N-methyl 7-(3',17'beta-dihydroxy-1',3',5'( 10')-estratriene-6'beta-yl)-7-thiaheptanamide) was 70-fold more potent than the 6alpha-analog. Compound 5 did not inactivate 17beta-HSD type 1, suggesting a reversible inhibitor. In addition, it was found to be a more potent inhibitor than the substrate estrone itself or a panel of three known inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Poirier
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CHUL Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
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Sam KM, Auger S, Luu-The V, Poirier D. Steroidal spiro-gamma-lactones that inhibit 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human placental microsomes. J Med Chem 1995; 38:4518-28. [PMID: 7473580 DOI: 10.1021/jm00022a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The important enzyme 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) is known to regulate intracellular levels of biologically active steroids, namely, androgens and estrogens. In an effort to develop potent inhibitors of 17 beta-HSD for reducing the levels of active steroids, we found that steroidal spiro-gamma-lactones inhibit 17 beta-HSD activity. In this report, we describe the synthesis of 11 spiro-gamma-lactone analogs containing a steroidal C-18 or C-19 nucleus and compare their relative inhibitory effects on 17 beta-HSD activity in the human placenta microsomes that catalyze the interconversion of androgens and estrogens. To void the interaction of the cytosolic 17 beta-HSD activity that is specific for the interconversion of estrone and estradiol, we used 4-androstenedione as substrate. Analysis of the inhibitory effect exerted by these analogs on microsomal 17 beta-HSD activity indicates that spiro-gamma-lactones containing the C-18 nucleus are more potent inhibitors than C-19 nucleus analogs. The best inhibition was obtained with the phenolic spiro-gamma-lactone 7 (3-hydroxy-19-nor-17 alpha-pregna-1,3,5(10)-triene 21,17-carbolactone), which has an IC50 value of 0.27 microM, and was much lower than the competitive effect of the unlabeled substrate 4-androstenedione, which has an IC50 value of 1.40 microM. Preincubation with lactone 7 did not inactivate 17 beta-HSD activity. The results thus suggest that lactone 7 is a reversible in inhibitor. Lactone 7 is selective for microsomal 17 beta-HSD activity, as no inhibition was observed for cytosolic 17 beta-HSD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Sam
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CHUL Research Center, Québec, Canada
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Tremblay MR, Auger S, Poirier D. A Convenient Synthetic Method for Alpha-Alkylation of Steroidal 17-Ketone: Preparation of 16β(THPO-Heptyl)-Estradiol. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919508015454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Auger S, Mérand Y, Pelletier JD, Poirier D, Labrie F. Synthesis and biological activities of thioether derivatives related to the antiestrogens tamoxifen and ICI 164384. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995; 52:547-65. [PMID: 7779759 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(95)00014-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The catalyzed coupling reaction of activated alcohol and mercaptan was used for the short and efficient synthesis of 14 thioether compounds. Two types of side chains, the methyl butyl alkylamide related to the pure steroidal antiestrogen ICI 164384 and the dimethylamino ethyloxy phenyl related to the clinically used nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen, were introduced by a thioether link on two types of nuclei (triphenylethane or estradiol). The new thioether derivatives were tested to assess their relative binding affinity for the estrogen receptor and their estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity in the ZR-75-1 (ER+) cell line. The results indicate that of the three types of compounds studied, only the nonsteroidal derivatives with an alkylamide side chain possess antiestrogenic activity. In the steroidal series, displacement of the alkylamide side chain from the 7 to the 6 position produced compounds with chemical characteristics similar to ICI 164384 or EM-139 but without antiestrogenic activity. In the nonsteroidal series of compounds with an aryl side chain, compounds with estrogenic activity were obtained. One compound, a nonsteroidal derivative with a methyl butyl alkylamide side chain 20, possesses a relative binding affinity for the estrogen receptor identical to EM-139 (1.1 and 1.2%, respectively) and a relatively good antiestrogenic activity that is 10-fold lower than EM-139 (IC50 values of 250 and 25 nM, respectively). This nonsteroidal thioether with an alkylamide side chain is free of estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Auger
- MRC Group in Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center, Québec, Canada
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Tremblay MR, Auger S, Poirier D. Synthesis of 16-(bromoalkyl)-estradiols having inhibitory effect on human placental estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD type 1). Bioorg Med Chem 1995; 3:505-23. [PMID: 7648200 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(95)00041-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The activity of 17 beta-HSD type 1, the enzyme that converts estrone into its more potent metabolite estradiol, has been demonstrated in all classical steroidogenic tissues and almost all peripheral tissues from both rat and human. Since 17 beta-HSD is one of the most important enzymes involved in active steroid hormone formation, its inactivation could be a clinical approach to the treatment of hormono-dependent diseases like breast cancer. Herein we report the synthesis of 16-(bromoalkyl)-estradiols and their potency to inhibit the human placenta cytosolic estradiol 17 beta-HSD (type 1). Synthetic analogues possess various side chain lengths and orientation (alpha or beta) at position 16 of the steroidal D ring. The most potent inhibitory effect was observed when the length of the side chain was 3 or 4 carbons. However, the 16 beta-(bromopropyl)-estradiol easily undergoes cyclization and its effect on 17 beta-HSD is lost. Consequently, 16 alpha-(bromopropyl)-E2, 16 alpha-(bromobutyl)-E2, and 16 beta-(bromobutyl)-E2 were the best inhibitors discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Tremblay
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CHUL Research Center, Quebec, Canada
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Sam KM, Boivin RP, Auger S, Poirier D. 16α-propyl derivatives of estradiol as inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Auger S, Luu-The V, Sam KM, Poirier D. 3-Hydroxy-19-nor-17α-pregna-1,3,5(10)-triene-21,17β-carbolactone as inhibitor of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The reaction of 1,2-diarylethanol and mercapto side chain catalyzed by ZnI2 was used as a key step in the short (three to five steps) and efficient synthesis of 17 diaryl thioether derivatives. Several of these compounds contain a methyl butyl amide chain and an hydroxyaryl moiety, respectively, for antiestrogenic activity and binding affinity on estrogen receptor. No binding affinity for crude cytosolic preparation of the estrogen receptor was observed for compounds without phenolic group, while a low affinity (0.01-0.05%) was measured for mono- or diphenol derivatives. Like the pure steroidal antiestrogen EM-139, these novel nonsteroidal compounds did not exert any stimulatory effect on cell proliferation of (ER+) ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells and partially reversed the amplitude of the stimulatory effect induced by estradiol on this (ER+) cell line. No proliferative or antiproliferative effect on (ER-) MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was also observed for three of these compounds (39-41). Among the newly synthesized nonsteroidal compounds, the thioether derivative 41 (N-butyl-N-methyl-13,14-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-12-thiatetradecanamide+ ++), with a long methylbutylalkanamide side chain and a diphenolic nucleus, was selected as the best antiestrogenic compound. However, this compound was 100-fold less antiestrogenic in (ER+) ZR-75-1 cells than the steroidal antiestrogen EM-139.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Poirier
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center, Quebec, Canada
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Auger S, Verma DP. Induction and expression of nodule-specific host genes in effective and ineffective root nodules of soybean. Biochemistry 1981; 20:1300-6. [PMID: 7194687 DOI: 10.1021/bi00508a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Auger S, Baulcombe D, Verma DP. Sequence complexities of the poly(A)-containing mRNA in uninfected soybean root and the nodule tissue developed due to the infection by Rhizobium. Biochim Biophys Acta 1979; 563:496-507. [PMID: 572705 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(79)90068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the number of structural genes expressed specifically in root nodules, the total complexities of poly(A) + polysomal RNA populations from uninfected roots and mature nodules were compared. Hybridization kinetics of nodule poly(A) + RNA (NRNA) to its cDNA (NcDNA) revealed a very abundant component comprising 18--20% of the NRNA. This component was shown to be leghaemoglobin (Lb) by the similarity of its kinetics of hybridization to that of purified Lb-cDNA. The hybridization kinetics of uninfected root cDNA (RcDNA) to root poly(A) + RNA (RRNA) indicate that this abundant RNA fraction is absent in RRNA. The extent of sequence homologies between root and nodule tissue was determined by heterologous hybridizations of RcDNA to NRNA and vice versa. The data suggest that the mRNA populations of the two tissues are substantially homologous, though shifts in abundance of certain sequences are quite marked. The hybridization of purified Lb-cDNA to total polysomal RNA from developing nodules shows that the increase in concentration of Lb-mRNA sequences parallels the leghaemoglobin synthesis in this tissue. Lb sequences appear to increase between 8 and 13 days after infection with Rhizobium.
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