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Suarez C, Rosenqvist T, Dimitrova I, Sedlacek CJ, Modin O, Paul CJ, Hermansson M, Persson F. Biofilm colonization and succession in a full-scale partial nitritation-anammox moving bed biofilm reactor. Microbiome 2024; 12:51. [PMID: 38475926 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) is a biological nitrogen removal process commonly used in wastewater treatment plants for the treatment of warm and nitrogen-rich sludge liquor from anaerobic digestion, often referred to as sidestream wastewater. In these systems, biofilms are frequently used to retain biomass with aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria, which together convert ammonium to nitrogen gas. Little is known about how these biofilm communities develop, and whether knowledge about the assembly of biofilms in natural communities can be applied to PNA biofilms. RESULTS We followed the start-up of a full-scale PNA moving bed biofilm reactor for 175 days using shotgun metagenomics. Environmental filtering likely restricted initial biofilm colonization, resulting in low phylogenetic diversity, with the initial microbial community comprised mainly of Proteobacteria. Facilitative priority effects allowed further biofilm colonization, with the growth of initial aerobic colonizers promoting the arrival and growth of anaerobic taxa like methanogens and anammox bacteria. Among the early colonizers were known 'oligotrophic' ammonia oxidizers including comammox Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas cluster 6a AOB. Increasing the nitrogen load in the bioreactor allowed colonization by 'copiotrophic' Nitrosomonas cluster 7 AOB and resulted in the exclusion of the initial ammonia- and nitrite oxidizers. CONCLUSIONS We show that complex dynamic processes occur in PNA microbial communities before a stable bioreactor process is achieved. The results of this study not only contribute to our knowledge about biofilm assembly and PNA bioreactor start-up but could also help guide strategies for the successful implementation of PNA bioreactors. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Suarez
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tage Rosenqvist
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Christopher J Sedlacek
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine J Paul
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Abadikhah M, Liu M, Persson F, Wilén BM, Farewell A, Sun J, Modin O. Effect of anode material and dispersal limitation on the performance and biofilm community in microbial electrolysis cells. Biofilm 2023; 6:100161. [PMID: 37859795 PMCID: PMC10582064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), the oxidization of organic compounds is facilitated by an electrogenic biofilm on the anode surface. The biofilm community composition determines the function of the system. Both deterministic and stochastic factors affect the community, but the relative importance of different factors is poorly understood. Anode material is a deterministic factor as materials with different properties may select for different microorganisms. Ecological drift is a stochastic factor, which is amplified by dispersal limitation between communities. Here, we compared the effects of three anode materials (graphene, carbon cloth, and nickel) with the effect of dispersal limitation on the function and biofilm community assembly. Twelve MECs were operated for 56 days in four hydraulically connected loops and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to analyse the microbial community composition on the anode surfaces at the end of the experiment. The anode material was the most important factor affecting the performance of the MECs, explaining 54-80 % of the variance observed in peak current density, total electric charge generation, and start-up lag time, while dispersal limitation explained 10-16 % of the variance. Carbon cloth anodes had the highest current generation and shortest lag time. However, dispersal limitation was the most important factor affecting microbial community structure, explaining 61-98 % of the variance in community diversity, evenness, and the relative abundance of the most abundant taxa, while anode material explained 0-20 % of the variance. The biofilms contained nine Desulfobacterota metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), which made up 64-89 % of the communities and were likely responsible for electricity generation in the MECs. Different MAGs dominated in different MECs. Particularly two different genotypes related to Geobacter benzoatilyticus competed for dominance on the anodes and reached relative abundances up to 83 %. The winning genotype was the same in all MECs that were hydraulically connected irrespective of anode material used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Abadikhah
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Frank Persson
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Farewell
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, and Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350100, China
- Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Liébana R, Modin O, Persson F, Hermansson M, Wilén BM. Resistance of aerobic granular sludge microbiomes to periodic loss of biomass. Biofilm 2023; 6:100145. [PMID: 37575957 PMCID: PMC10415711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Granular sludge is a biofilm process used for wastewater treatment which is currently being implemented worldwide. It is important to understand how disturbances affect the microbial community and performance of reactors. Here, two acetate-fed replicate reactors were inoculated with acclimatized sludge and the reactor performance, and the granular sludge microbial community succession were studied for 149 days. During this time, the microbial community was challenged by periodically removing half of the reactor biomass, subsequently increasing the food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio. Diversity analysis together with null models show that overall, the microbial communities were resistant to the disturbances, observing some minor effects on polyphosphate-accumulating and denitrifying microbial communities and their associated reactor functions. Community turnover was driven by drift and random granule loss, and stochasticity was the governing ecological process for community assembly. These results evidence the aerobic granular sludge process as a robust system for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Liébana
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Basque Research Technology Alliance (BRTA), Txatxarramendi Ugartea z/g, 48395, Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9E, SE-413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ossiansson E, Bengtsson S, Persson F, Cimbritz M, Gustavsson DJI. Primary filtration of municipal wastewater with sludge fermentation - Impacts on biological nutrient removal. Sci Total Environ 2023; 902:166483. [PMID: 37611717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary filtration is a compact pre-treatment process for municipal wastewater, which can lead to high removal of total suspended solids (TSS) if polymer is added prior to filtration. Extensive carbon removal with rotating belt filter (RBF) can be combined with filter primary sludge fermentation at ambient temperature, in order to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as carbon source for biological nutrient removal (BNR). This process was implemented at large pilot-scale and operated for more than a year. The results showed that the RBF efficiently removed particles >10 μm, and that the TSS removal had a strong linear correlation to the influent TSS concentration. Fermentation of the sludge at ambient temperature and five days retention time and addition of the fermentate to the wastewater could nearly double the VFA concentration in the wastewater by adding 31 ± 9 mg VFA-COD/L. Meanwhile, an increase of 2 mg/L of ammonium nitrogen, and 0.7 mg /L of phosphate phosphorus would be added to the wastewater with the fermentate. Adding the fermented sludge to the wastewater stream and removing the particles with RBF makes it possible to utilize nearly all the produced VFAs for BNR, and the feasibility of this configuration was shown at pilot-scale. According to simulations of subsequent BNR, the pre-treatment would lead to lower effluent total nitrogen concentrations. Alternatively, the required BNR volume could be reduced by 11-18 %. The estimated total biogas production was similar for pre-treatment with primary settler and RBF with fermentation. RBF without fermentation gave the most favourable energy balance, but did not reach the same low effluent value for total nitrogen as RBF with fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Ossiansson
- VA SYD, Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Dep. of Architecture and Civil Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Simon Bengtsson
- VA SYD, Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Sweden Water Research, Scheelevägen 15, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Frank Persson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Dep. of Architecture and Civil Engineering, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Michael Cimbritz
- Lund University, Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - David J I Gustavsson
- VA SYD, Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Sweden Water Research, Scheelevägen 15, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden.
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5
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Ossiansson E, Persson F, Bengtsson S, Cimbritz M, Gustavsson DJI. Seasonal variations in acidogenic fermentation of filter primary sludge. Water Res 2023; 242:120181. [PMID: 37343334 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Primary treatment of municipal wastewater by rotating belt filtration followed by hydrolysis and acidogenic fermentation of the filter primary sludge (FPS) at ambient temperature was studied at pilot-scale during one year. The seasonal variations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), nutrient release and soluble COD production as well as microbial community assembly were assessed, leading to novel findings for fermentation at ambient temperature. The reproducibility of VFA production performance was first established by operating the two fermentation reactors under the same conditions, showing similar results regarding VFA production and microbial community structure. One year of operation at 5 d retention time (RT) and 16-29 °C resulted in an average VFA yield of 180±35 mg COD/g VSin and soluble COD yield of 242±40 mg COD/g VSin. The VFA formation was temperature-dependent, with ϴ=1.033±0.005 ( [Formula: see text] . The seasonal variations of the acetic and propionic acid productions were pronounced, whereas the productions of VFAs with longer chains were more stable regardless of temperature. The community structure of the reactor microbiomes was also clearly affected by season and temperature and linked with the production spectrum of VFAs. The ammonium and phosphate releases were stable during the year, leading to a decrease in ratios of soluble COD to NH4+-N and PO43--P during winter. The soluble COD yield was 11% and 27% higher at 5 d RT compared to 3 and 2 d RT respectively, but the corresponding volumetric productivities were lower. The dissimilarities between microbiomes in influent FPS and fermenters were significant even at a short RT of 2 d, and increased with longer RT of 3 and 5 d, primarily caused by selection of bacteria within Bacteroidota in the fermentation reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Ossiansson
- VA SYD, Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Dep. of Architecture and Civil Engineering, SE-412, 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Frank Persson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Dep. of Architecture and Civil Engineering, SE-412, 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Bengtsson
- VA SYD, Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Sweden Water Research, Scheelevägen 15, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Cimbritz
- Lund University, Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - David J I Gustavsson
- VA SYD, Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Sweden Water Research, Scheelevägen 15, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
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Ekholm J, de Blois M, Persson F, Gustavsson DJI, Bengtsson S, van Erp T, Wilén BM. Case study of aerobic granular sludge and activated sludge-Energy usage, footprint, and nutrient removal. Water Environ Res 2023; 95:e10914. [PMID: 37494966 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a comparison of energy usage, land footprint, and volumetric requirements of municipal wastewater treatment with aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and conventional activated sludge (CAS) at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant characterized by large fluctuations in nutrient loadings and temperature. The concentration of organic matter in the influent to the AGS was increased by means of hydrolysis and bypassing the pre-settler. Both treatment lines produced effluent concentrations below 5 mg BOD7 L-1 , 10 mg TN L-1 , and 1 mg TP L-1 , by enhanced biological nitrogen- and phosphorus removal. In this case study, the averages of volumetric energy usage over 1 year were 0.22 ± 0.08 and 0.26 ± 0.07 kWh m-3 for the AGS and CAS, respectively. A larger difference was observed for the energy usage per reduced population equivalents (P.E.), which was on average 0.19 ± 0.08 kWh P.E.-1 for the AGS and 0.30 ± 0.08 kWh P.E.-1 for the CAS. However, both processes had the potential for decreased energy usage. Over 1 year, both processes showed similar fluctuations in energy usage, related to variations in loading, temperature, and DO. The AGS had a lower specific area, 0.3 m2 m-3 d-1 , compared to 0.6 m2 m-3 d-1 of the CAS, and also a lower specific volume, 1.3 m3 m-3 d-1 compared to 2.0 m3 m-3 d-1 . This study confirms that AGS at full-scale can be compact and still have comparable energy usage as CAS. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Full-scale case study comparison of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and conventional activated sludge (CAS), operated in parallel. AGS had 50 % lower footprint compared to CAS. Energy usage was lower in the AGS, but both processes had potential to improve the energy usage efficiency. Both processes showed low average effluent concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ekholm
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Burzio C, Mohammadi AS, Malmberg P, Modin O, Persson F, Wilén BM. Chemical Imaging of Pharmaceuticals in Biofilms for Wastewater Treatment Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:7431-7441. [PMID: 37130040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is a global water quality challenge for several reasons, such as deleterious effects on ecological and human health, antibiotic resistance development, and endocrine-disrupting effects on aquatic organisms. To optimize their removal from the water cycle, understanding the processes during biological wastewater treatment is crucial. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging was successfully applied to investigate and analyze the distribution of pharmaceuticals as well as endogenous molecules in the complex biological matrix of biofilms for wastewater treatment. Several compounds and their localization were identified in the biofilm section, including citalopram, ketoconazole, ketoconazole transformation products, and sertraline. The images revealed the pharmaceuticals gathered in distinct sites of the biofilm matrix. While citalopram penetrated the biofilm deeply, sertraline remained confined in its outer layer. Both pharmaceuticals seemed to mainly colocalize with phosphocholine lipids. Ketoconazole concentrated in small areas with high signal intensity. The approach outlined here presents a powerful strategy for visualizing the chemical composition of biofilms for wastewater treatment and demonstrates its promising utility for elucidating the mechanisms behind pharmaceutical and antimicrobial removal in biological wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Burzio
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amir Saeid Mohammadi
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Malmberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Suarez C, Hackl T, Wilen BM, Persson F, Hagelia P, Jetten MSM, Dalcin Martins P. Novel and unusual genes for nitrogen and metal cycling in Planctomycetota- and KSB1-affiliated metagenome-assembled genomes reconstructed from a marine subsea tunnel. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad049. [PMID: 37291701 PMCID: PMC10732223 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Oslofjord subsea road tunnel is a unique environment in which the typically anoxic marine deep subsurface is exposed to oxygen. Concrete biodeterioration and steel corrosion in the tunnel have been linked to the growth of iron- and manganese-oxidizing biofilms in areas of saline water seepage. Surprisingly, previous 16S rRNA gene surveys of biofilm samples revealed microbial communities dominated by sequences affiliated with nitrogen-cycling microorganisms. This study aimed to identify microbial genomes with metabolic potential for novel nitrogen- and metal-cycling reactions, representing biofilm microorganisms that could link these cycles and play a role in concrete biodeterioration. We reconstructed 33 abundant, novel metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) affiliated with the phylum Planctomycetota and the candidate phylum KSB1. We identified novel and unusual genes and gene clusters in these MAGs related to anaerobic ammonium oxidation, nitrite oxidation, and other nitrogen-cycling reactions. Additionally, 26 of 33 MAGs also had the potential for iron, manganese, and arsenite cycling, suggesting that bacteria represented by these genomes might couple these reactions. Our results expand the diversity of microorganisms putatively involved in nitrogen and metal cycling, and contribute to our understanding of potential biofilm impacts on built infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Suarez
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hackl
- Microbial Ecology Cluster, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Britt-Marie Wilen
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Per Hagelia
- Construction Division, The Norwegian Public Roads, Administration, Oslo 0667, Norway
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, Netherlands
| | - Paula Dalcin Martins
- Microbial Ecology Cluster, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands
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9
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Abadikhah M, Rodriguez MDC, Persson F, Wilén BM, Farewell A, Modin O. Evidence of competition between electrogens shaping electroactive microbial communities in microbial electrolysis cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:959211. [PMID: 36590422 PMCID: PMC9800620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.959211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In single-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), organic compounds are oxidized at the anode, liberating electrons that are used for hydrogen evolution at the cathode. Microbial communities on the anode and cathode surfaces and in the bulk liquid determine the function of the MEC. The communities are complex, and their assembly processes are poorly understood. We investigated MEC performance and community composition in nine MECs with a carbon cloth anode and a cathode of carbon nanoparticles, titanium, or stainless steel. Differences in lag time during the startup of replicate MECs suggested that the initial colonization by electrogenic bacteria was stochastic. A network analysis revealed negative correlations between different putatively electrogenic Deltaproteobacteria on the anode. Proximity to the conductive anode surface is important for electrogens, so the competition for space could explain the observed negative correlations. The cathode communities were dominated by hydrogen-utilizing taxa such as Methanobacterium and had a much lower proportion of negative correlations than the anodes. This could be explained by the diffusion of hydrogen throughout the cathode biofilms, reducing the need to compete for space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Abadikhah
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden,*Correspondence: Marie Abadikhah, ✉
| | - Miguel de Celis Rodriguez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Farewell
- Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Burzio C, Ekholm J, Modin O, Falås P, Svahn O, Persson F, van Erp T, Gustavsson DJI, Wilén BM. Removal of organic micropollutants from municipal wastewater by aerobic granular sludge and conventional activated sludge. J Hazard Mater 2022; 438:129528. [PMID: 35999740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Removal performances of organic micropollutants by conventional activated sludge (CAS) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS) were investigated at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Lab-scale kinetic experiments were performed to assess the micropollutant transformation rates under oxic and anoxic conditions. Transformation rates were used to model the micropollutant removal in the full-scale processes. Metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes of the CAS and AGS systems. Higher transformation ability was observed for CAS compared to AGS for most compounds, both at the full-scale plant and in the complementary batch experiments. Oxic conditions supported the transformation of several micropollutants with faster and/or comparable rates compared to anoxic conditions. The estimated transformation rates from batch experiments adequately predicted the removal for most micropollutants in the full-scale processes. While the compositions in microbial communities differed between AGS and CAS, the full-scale biological reactors shared similar resistome profiles. Even though granular biomass showed lower potential for micropollutant transformation, AGS systems had somewhat higher gene cluster diversity compared to CAS, which could be related to a higher functional diversity. Micropollutant exposure to biomass or mass transfer limitations, therefore played more important roles in the observed differences in OMP removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Burzio
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden.
| | - Jennifer Ekholm
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Ola Svahn
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad 29139, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Tim van Erp
- Strömstad Municipality, Wastewater Treatment Plant Österröd, Strömstad 45233, Sweden
| | | | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
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Modin O, Fuad N, Abadikhah M, I'Ons D, Ossiansson E, Gustavsson DJ, Edefell E, Suarez C, Persson F, Wilén BM. A relationship between phages and organic carbon in wastewater treatment plant effluents. Water Res X 2022; 16:100146. [PMID: 35761925 PMCID: PMC9233278 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With stringent effluent requirements and the implementation of new processes for micropollutant removal, it is increasingly important for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to understand the factors affecting effluent quality. Phages (viruses infecting prokaryotes) are abundant in the biological treatment processes. They can contribute to organic carbon in the treated effluent both because they are organic in nature and occur in the effluent and because they cause lysis of microorganisms. Today very little is known about the effects of phages on effluent quality. The goal of this study was, therefore, to determine the relationship between phages and organic carbon in WWTP effluents. We also examined the diversity, taxonomy, and host-association of DNA phages using metagenomics. Effluent samples were collected from four WWTPs treating municipal wastewater. Significant differences in both organic carbon and virus-like particle concentrations were observed between the plants and there was a linear relationship between the two parameters. The phage communities were diverse with many members being taxonomically unclassified. Putative hosts were dominated by bacteria known to be abundant in activated sludge systems such as Comamonadaceae. The composition of phages differed between the WWTPs, suggesting that local conditions shape the communities. Overall, our findings suggest that the abundance and composition of phages are related to effluent quality. Thus, there is a need for further research clarifying the association between phage dynamics and WWTP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Nafis Fuad
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, USA
| | - Marie Abadikhah
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | | | - Elin Ossiansson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- VA SYD, P.O. Box 191, Malmö SE-2021, Sweden
| | - David J.I. Gustavsson
- VA SYD, P.O. Box 191, Malmö SE-2021, Sweden
- Sweden Water Research, c/o Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, Lund SE-223 70, Sweden
| | - Ellen Edefell
- Sweden Water Research, c/o Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, Lund SE-223 70, Sweden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Carolina Suarez
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Box 118, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
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Suarez C, Sedlacek CJ, Gustavsson DJI, Eiler A, Modin O, Hermansson M, Persson F. Disturbance-based management of ecosystem services and disservices in partial nitritation-anammox biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:47. [PMID: 35676296 PMCID: PMC9178042 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance and resilience provided by functional redundancy, a common feature of microbial communities, is not always advantageous. An example is nitrite oxidation in partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) reactors designed for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment, where suppression of nitrite oxidizers like Nitrospira is sought. In these ecosystems, biofilms provide microhabitats with oxygen gradients, allowing the coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. We designed a disturbance experiment where PNA biofilms, treating water from a high-rate activated sludge process, were constantly or intermittently exposed to anaerobic sidestream wastewater, which has been proposed to inhibit nitrite oxidizers. With increasing sidestream exposure we observed decreased abundance, alpha-diversity, functional versatility, and hence functional redundancy, among Nitrospira in the PNA biofilms, while the opposite patterns were observed for anammox bacteria within Brocadia. At the same time, species turnover was observed for aerobic ammonia-oxidizing Nitrosomonas populations. The different exposure regimens were associated with metagenomic assembled genomes of Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, and Brocadia, encoding genes related to N-cycling, substrate usage, and osmotic stress response, possibly explaining the three different patterns by niche differentiation. These findings imply that disturbances can be used to manage the functional redundancy of biofilm microbiomes in a desirable direction, which should be considered when designing operational strategies for wastewater treatment.
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Suarez C, Dalcin Martins P, Jetten M, Karačić S, Wilén BM, Modin O, Hagelia P, Hermansson M, Persson F. Metagenomic evidence of a novel family of anammox bacteria in a subsea environment. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2348-2360. [PMID: 35415863 PMCID: PMC9325076 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria in the order ‘Candidatus Brocadiales’ within the phylum Planctomycetes (Planctomycetota) have the remarkable ability to perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Two families of anammox bacteria with different biogeographical distributions have been reported, marine Ca. Scalinduaceae and freshwater Ca. Brocadiaceae. Here we report evidence of three new species within a novel genus and family of anammox bacteria, which were discovered in biofilms of a subsea road tunnel under a fjord in Norway. In this particular ecosystem, the nitrogen cycle is likely fuelled by ammonia from organic matter degradation in the fjord sediments and the rock mass above the tunnel, resulting in the growth of biofilms where anammox bacteria can thrive under oxygen limitation. We resolved several metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) of anammox bacteria, including three Ca. Brocadiales MAGs that could not be classified at the family level. MAGs of this novel family had all the diagnostic genes for a full anaerobic ammonium oxidation pathway in which nitrite was probably reduced by a NirK‐like reductase. A survey of published molecular data indicated that this new family of anammox bacteria occurs in many marine sediments, where its members presumably would contribute to nitrogen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Suarez
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paula Dalcin Martins
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mike Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sabina Karačić
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Hagelia
- Construction Division, The Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Piazza M, Hanssen NMJ, Persson F, Scheijen JL, van de Waarenburg MPH, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Rossing P, Hovind P, Stehouwer CDA, Parving H, Schalkwijk CG. Irbesartan treatment does not influence plasma levels of the dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone in participants with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: An IRMA2 sub-study. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14405. [PMID: 32961617 PMCID: PMC8451908 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce vascular complications in diabetes independently of blood pressure. Experimental studies suggested that ARBs may restore the detoxifying enzyme glyoxalase 1, thereby lowering dicarbonyls such as methylglyoxal. Human data on the effects of ARBs on plasma dicarbonyl levels are lacking. We investigated, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, whether irbesartan lowered plasma levels of the dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone and their derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and increased d-lactate, reflecting greater methylglyoxal flux. METHODS We analysed a subset of the Irbesartan in Patients with T2D and Microalbuminuria (IRMA2) study. We measured plasma dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone, free AGEs and d-lactate using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in the treatment arm receiving 300 mg irbesartan (n = 121) and a placebo group (n = 101) at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. Effect of treatment was analysed with repeated measurements ANOVA. RESULTS There was a slight, but significant difference in baseline median methylglyoxal levels [placebo 1119 (907-1509) nmol/l vs. irbesartan 300 mg 1053 (820-1427) nmol/l], but no significant changes were observed in any of the plasma dicarbonyls over time in either group and there was no effect of irbesartan treatment on plasma free AGEs or d-lactate levels at either 1 or 2 years. CONCLUSION Irbesartan treatment does not change plasma levels of the dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone, free AGEs or d-lactate in type 2 diabetes. This indicates that increased dicarbonyls in type 2 diabetes are not targetable by ARBs, and other approaches to lower systemic dicarbonyls are needed in type 2 diabetes. (Clinical Trial Registry No: #NCT00317915).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Piazza
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
- Department of Medicine‐DIMED University of PaduaItaly
| | - N. M. J. Hanssen
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - F. Persson
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - J. L. Scheijen
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - M. P. H. van de Waarenburg
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - M. M. J. van Greevenbroek
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - P. Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - P. Hovind
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - C. D. A. Stehouwer
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - H‐H. Parving
- Medical EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - C. G. Schalkwijk
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
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Schultz AA, Wad JL, Willaing I, Nørgaard K, Persson F, Joensen LE. Achieving a useful and person-centred diabetes consultation is a shared responsibility between diabetologists and people with diabetes: a qualitative study of perspectives from people with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14382. [PMID: 33245572 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore perceptions of useful routine consultations with diabetologists from the perspective of adults with type 1 diabetes, including preferences for discussing psychosocial issues. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews in 2018/2019 with 33 people with type 1 diabetes (age 22-75 years, 20 men and 13 women, median diabetes duration 25 years) recruited from two diabetes clinics in the capital region of Denmark. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic text condensation. RESULTS Achieving a useful consultation was perceived as a shared responsibility between people with diabetes and diabetologists. Participants' perspectives of what constitutes a useful consultation and expectations for both consultation and diabetologist varied in relation to perceptions of (1) the interaction between the person with diabetes and diabetologist, including being prepared, being honest, experiencing good rapport and preferring a partnership with the diabetologist or 'keeping it clinical' and (2) the diabetologist's approach to diabetes care, including providing up-to-date knowledge and listening and showing understanding. CONCLUSIONS Both content and style of diabetes consultations need to be adapted to the individual person with type 1 diabetes. People with diabetes have an important role in expressing their needs and preferences related to both content and style. Diabetologists need to be aware of and attentive to the many individual needs and expectations among people with diabetes, including the desire and need to discuss psychosocial issues. Dialogue tools for preparation and in consultations may enable people with diabetes to voice their needs and expectations and diabetologists to juggle these diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Schultz
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - J L Wad
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - I Willaing
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - K Nørgaard
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - F Persson
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - L E Joensen
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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Pérez J, Laureni M, van Loosdrecht MCM, Persson F, Gustavsson DJI. The role of the external mass transfer resistance in nitrite oxidizing bacteria repression in biofilm-based partial nitritation/anammox reactors. Water Res 2020; 186:116348. [PMID: 32911269 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A model-based study was developed to analyse the behaviour of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) reactor configurations for the removal of nitrogen in the main water line of municipal wastewater treatment plants via partial nitritation/anammox (PN/AMX). The basic principles and underlying mechanisms linking operating conditions to process performance were investigated, with particular focus on nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) repression and resulting volumetric conversion rates. The external mass transfer resistance is a major factor differentiating granular sludge PN/AMX processes from MBBR or IFAS systems. The external mass transfer resistance was found to promote the metabolic coupling between anammox (AMX) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), crucial for NOB repression in the biofilm. Operation at low bulk DO prevents NOB proliferation in the flocs of IFAS systems as AMX activity limits nitrite availability (the so-called AMX nitrite sink). Importantly, the effectiveness of the AMX nitrite sink strongly depends on the AMX sensitivity to oxygen. Also, over a broad range of operational conditions, the seeding of AOB from the biofilm played a crucial role in maintaining their activity in the flocs. From a practical perspective, while low DO promotes NOB repression, lower nitrogen loads have to be applied to maintain the same effluent quality. Thus, a trade-off between NOB repression and volumetric conversion capacity needs to be defined. To this end, IFAS allow for higher volumetric rates, but the window of operating conditions with effective NOB repression is smaller than that for MBBR. Ultimately, this study identified the principles controlling NOB in MBBR and IFAS systems and the key differences with granular reactors, allowing for the interpretation of (seemingly contradictory) published experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Pérez
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Michele Laureni
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David J I Gustavsson
- VA SYD, P.O. Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Sweden Water Research, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
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Modin O, Liébana R, Saheb-Alam S, Wilén BM, Suarez C, Hermansson M, Persson F. Correction to: Hill-based dissimilarity indices and null models for analysis of microbial community assembly. Microbiome 2020; 8:148. [PMID: 33115538 PMCID: PMC7594297 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Modin
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Raquel Liébana
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Soroush Saheb-Alam
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carolina Suarez
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Modin O, Liébana R, Saheb-Alam S, Wilén BM, Suarez C, Hermansson M, Persson F. Hill-based dissimilarity indices and null models for analysis of microbial community assembly. Microbiome 2020; 8:132. [PMID: 32917275 PMCID: PMC7488682 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput amplicon sequencing of marker genes, such as the 16S rRNA gene in Bacteria and Archaea, provides a wealth of information about the composition of microbial communities. To quantify differences between samples and draw conclusions about factors affecting community assembly, dissimilarity indices are typically used. However, results are subject to several biases, and data interpretation can be challenging. The Jaccard and Bray-Curtis indices, which are often used to quantify taxonomic dissimilarity, are not necessarily the most logical choices. Instead, we argue that Hill-based indices, which make it possible to systematically investigate the impact of relative abundance on dissimilarity, should be used for robust analysis of data. In combination with a null model, mechanisms of microbial community assembly can be analyzed. Here, we also introduce a new software, qdiv, which enables rapid calculations of Hill-based dissimilarity indices in combination with null models. RESULTS Using amplicon sequencing data from two experimental systems, aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactors and microbial fuel cells (MFC), we show that the choice of dissimilarity index can have considerable impact on results and conclusions. High dissimilarity between replicates because of random sampling effects make incidence-based indices less suited for identifying differences between groups of samples. Determining a consensus table based on count tables generated with different bioinformatic pipelines reduced the number of low-abundant, potentially spurious amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the data sets, which led to lower dissimilarity between replicates. Analysis with a combination of Hill-based indices and a null model allowed us to show that different ecological mechanisms acted on different fractions of the microbial communities in the experimental systems. CONCLUSIONS Hill-based indices provide a rational framework for analysis of dissimilarity between microbial community samples. In combination with a null model, the effects of deterministic and stochastic community assembly factors on taxa of different relative abundances can be systematically investigated. Calculations of Hill-based dissimilarity indices in combination with a null model can be done in qdiv, which is freely available as a Python package ( https://github.com/omvatten/qdiv ). In qdiv, a consensus table can also be determined from several count tables generated with different bioinformatic pipelines. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Modin
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Raquel Liébana
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Soroush Saheb-Alam
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carolina Suarez
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Water Environment Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gustavsson DJI, Suarez C, Wilén BM, Hermansson M, Persson F. Long-term stability of partial nitritation-anammox for treatment of municipal wastewater in a moving bed biofilm reactor pilot system. Sci Total Environ 2020; 714:136342. [PMID: 31982771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal from the mainstream of municipal wastewater with partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) would be highly beneficial with regard to the uses of energy and organic carbon. However, the challenges of process instability, low nitrogen removal rates (NRR) and unwanted aerobic nitrite oxidation need to be solved to reach large-scale implementation. Here, we have operated pilot-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) for mainstream treatment, together with sidestream treatment of sludge liquor from anaerobic digestors, for over 900 days to investigate process stability, reactor performance and microbial community structure at realistic conditions. The MBBR biofilm contained stable and high relative abundances of anammox bacteria (10-32%) consisting of two major Brocadia sp. populations, and several populations of aerobic ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) within Nitrosomonas sp. (0.2-3.1%), as assessed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. In addition, nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB) consisting of Nitrospira sp. (0.4-0.8%) and Nitrotoga sp. (up to 0.4%) were present. Nitrogen was removed at a peak rate of 0.66 g N m-2 d-1 (0.13 kg N m-3 d-1) with a nitrate production over ammonium consumption of 15% by the NOB, at operation with continuous aeration at 15 °C. However, during most periods with continuous aeration, the NRR was lower (≈ 0.45 g N m-2 d-1), with larger relative nitrate production (≈40%), presumably due to problems to maintain stable residual ammonium concentrations during wet-weather mainstream flows. Changing reactor operation to intermittent aeration decreased the NRR but did not help in suppressing the NOB. The study shows that with MBBRs, stable mainstream PNA can be attained at realistic NRR, but with need for post-treatment of nitrate, since effective NOB suppression was hard to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J I Gustavsson
- VA SYD, P.O. Box 191, SE-20121 Malmö, Sweden; Sweden Water Research, c/o Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carolina Suarez
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Cimbritz M, Edefell E, Thörnqvist E, El-Taliawy H, Ekenberg M, Burzio C, Modin O, Persson F, Wilén BM, Bester K, Falås P. Corrigendum to "PAC dosing to an MBBR - Effects on adsorption of micropollutants, nitrification and microbial community" [Sci. Total Environ. 677 (2019) 571-579]. Sci Total Environ 2019; 685:1307. [PMID: 31189502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cimbritz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ellen Edefell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, 223 70 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elias Thörnqvist
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Haitam El-Taliawy
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Maria Ekenberg
- Veolia Water Technologies AB - AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Burzio
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Saheb‐Alam S, Persson F, Wilén B, Hermansson M, Modin O. Response to starvation and microbial community composition in microbial fuel cells enriched on different electron donors. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:962-975. [PMID: 31228355 PMCID: PMC6680615 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In microbial fuel cells (MFCs), microorganisms generate electrical current by oxidizing organic compounds. MFCs operated with different electron donors harbour different microbial communities, and it is unknown how that affects their response to starvation. We analysed the microbial communities in acetate- and glucose-fed MFCs and compared their responses to 10 days starvation periods. Each starvation period resulted in a 4.2 ± 1.4% reduction in electrical current in the acetate-fed MFCs and a 10.8 ± 3.9% reduction in the glucose-fed MFCs. When feed was resumed, the acetate-fed MFCs recovered immediately, whereas the glucose-fed MFCs required 1 day to recover. The acetate-fed bioanodes were dominated by Desulfuromonas spp. converting acetate into electrical current. The glucose-fed bioanodes were dominated by Trichococcus sp., functioning as a fermenter, and a member of Desulfuromonadales, using the fermentation products to generate electrical current. Suspended biomass and biofilm growing on non-conductive regions within the MFCs had different community composition than the bioanodes. However, null models showed that homogenizing dispersal of microorganisms within the MFCs affected the community composition, and in the glucose-fed MFCs, the Trichococcus sp. was abundant in all locations. The different responses to starvation can be explained by the more complex pathway requiring microbial interactions to convert glucose into electrical current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Saheb‐Alam
- Department of Architecture and Civil EngineeringDivision of Water Environment TechnologyChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Department of Architecture and Civil EngineeringDivision of Water Environment TechnologyChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
| | - Britt‐Marie Wilén
- Department of Architecture and Civil EngineeringDivision of Water Environment TechnologyChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Department of Architecture and Civil EngineeringDivision of Water Environment TechnologyChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
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Cimbritz M, Edefell E, Thörnqvist E, El-Taliawy H, Ekenberg M, Burzio C, Modin O, Persson F, Wilén BM, Bester K, Falås P. PAC dosing to an MBBR - Effects on adsorption of micropollutants, nitrification and microbial community. Sci Total Environ 2019; 677:571-579. [PMID: 31067478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two nitrifying MBBR reactors were operated in parallel, one with PAC dosing and one without, to determine the effects of PAC dosing on nitrification and micropollutant adsorption in municipal wastewater. The removal of micropollutants was evaluated for several doses of PAC and batch experiments were performed to measure adsorption kinetics and nitrification rates. The influence of PAC on the nitrifying microbial community was examined by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Long-term operation of the pilot reactors showed that nitrification could be maintained while supplying PAC at increasing doses, as confirmed by high nitrification rates and significant abundance of nitrifying bacteria. The adsorption of organic micropollutants could be controlled by the PAC dose, and increased dosing resulted in corresponding improvements in removal efficiency. Biomass, suspended or attached to carriers, did not interfere with the adsorption of organic micropollutants. Freundlich isotherms obtained from the batch experiments were used to predict removal of organic micropollutants in the pilot reactors, suggesting that batch adsorption experiments can be used to predict micropollutant removal on a full scale. Collectively, the results show that nitrification and adsorption of organic micropollutants can be performed simultaneously in an MBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cimbritz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ellen Edefell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, 223 70 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elias Thörnqvist
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Haitam El-Taliawy
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Maria Ekenberg
- Veolia Water Technologies AB - AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, 226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Burzio
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Liébana R, Modin O, Persson F, Szabó E, Hermansson M, Wilén BM. Combined Deterministic and Stochastic Processes Control Microbial Succession in Replicate Granular Biofilm Reactors. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:4912-4921. [PMID: 30969774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Granular sludge is an efficient and compact biofilm process for wastewater treatment. However, the ecological factors involved in microbial community assembly during the granular biofilm formation are poorly understood, and little is known about the reproducibility of the process. Here, three replicate bioreactors were used to investigate microbial succession during the formation of granular biofilms. We identified three successional phases. During the initial phase, the successional turnover was high and α-diversity decreased as a result of the selection of taxa adapted to grow on acetate and form aggregates. Despite these dynamic changes, the microbial communities in the replicate reactors were similar. The second successional phase occurred when the settling time was rapidly decreased to selectively retain granules in the reactors. The influence of stochasticity on succession increased and new niches were created as granules emerged, resulting in temporarily increased α-diversity. The third successional phase occurred when the settling time was kept stable and granules dominated the biomass. Turnover was low, and selection resulted in the same abundant taxa in the reactors, but drift, which mostly affected low-abundant community members, caused the community in one reactor to diverge from the other two. Even so, performance was stable and similar between reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Liébana
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Enikö Szabó
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , SE405 30 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
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24
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Borg R, Persson F, Siersma V, Lind B, de Fine Olivarius N, Andersen CL. Interpretation of HbA 1c in primary care and potential influence of anaemia and chronic kidney disease: an analysis from the Copenhagen Primary Care Laboratory (CopLab) Database. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1700-1706. [PMID: 29985535 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate, in a large population in primary care, the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c measurements, as well as the clinical implications of anaemia or chronic kidney disease for the interpretation of HbA1c values. METHODS From a primary care resource, we examined HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose as well as haemoglobin and estimated GFR. We stratified observations by chronic kidney disease stage and anaemia level. The estimation of the mean fasting plasma glucose level from HbA1c alone, and from HbA1c , haemoglobin and estimated GFR, respectively, was evaluated. RESULTS In 198 346 individuals, the fasting plasma glucose-HbA1c relationship mimicked the regression described in the A1c-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) study, which was based on average capillary and interstitial glucose. The fasting plasma glucose-HbA1c relationship was unaffected in mild to moderate chronic kidney disease and in mild to moderate anaemia. The correlation changed only in severe hyperglycaemia and concurrent severe anaemia or when estimated GFR was <45 ml/min/1.73m², so that glucose concentration was underestimated by HbA1c in anaemia and overestimated in chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of estimated GFR <30 ml/min/1.73m² was 0.82%, while the prevalence of haemoglobin <81 g/l (5.0 mmol/l) was 0.11%. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c mimics that of the people with diabetes included in the ADAG study. Mild to moderate anaemia and CKD do not have a significant impact on the interpretation of HbA1c as a marker of retrograde glycaemia. Hence, it seems justified to use HbA1c without adjustment in primary care.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Anemia/blood
- Anemia/complications
- Anemia/epidemiology
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Data Interpretation, Statistical
- Databases as Topic
- Denmark/epidemiology
- Diabetes Complications/blood
- Diabetes Complications/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diagnostic Errors/statistics & numerical data
- Female
- General Practitioners/statistics & numerical data
- Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis
- Humans
- Laboratories/statistics & numerical data
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards
- Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data
- Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- R Borg
- Department of Nephrology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Persson
- Steno Diabetes Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V Siersma
- Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Lind
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N de Fine Olivarius
- Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C L Andersen
- Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departments of Haematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Karačić S, Wilén BM, Suarez C, Hagelia P, Persson F. Subsea tunnel reinforced sprayed concrete subjected to deterioration harbours distinct microbial communities. Biofouling 2018; 34:1161-1174. [PMID: 30740996 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1556259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration of concrete is a large societal cost. In the Oslofjord subsea tunnel (Norway), deterioration of sprayed concrete and corrosion of reinforcing steel fibres occur under biofilm formed at sites with intrusion of saline groundwater. In this study, the microbial community structure, in situ environmental gradients and chemical composition of the biofilms were examined at three tunnel sites. Ammonia- and nitrite-oxidising microorganisms, in particular Nitrosopumilus sp., and iron-oxidising bacteria within Mariprofundus sp., were omnipresent, together with a diversity of presumably heterotrophic bacteria. Alpha- and beta diversity measures showed significant differences in richness and community structure between the sites as well as over time and null-models suggested that deterministic factors were important for the community assembly. The superficial flow of water over the biofilm had a strong effect on oxygen penetration in the biofilm and was identified as one major environmental gradient that varied between the sites, likely being important for shaping the microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Karačić
- a Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- a Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Carolina Suarez
- b Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Per Hagelia
- c Tunnel and Concrete Division , The Norwegian Public Roads Administration , Oslo , Norway
| | - Frank Persson
- a Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg , Göteborg , Sweden
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26
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Tofte N, Lindhardt M, Adamova K, Beige J, Beulens JWJ, Birkenfeld AL, Currie G, Delles C, Dimos I, Francová L, Frimodt-Møller M, Girman P, Göke R, Havrdova T, Kooy A, Mischak H, Navis G, Nijpels G, Noutsou M, Ortiz A, Parvanova A, Persson F, Ruggenenti PL, Rutters F, Rychlík I, Spasovski G, Speeckaert M, Trillini M, von der Leyen H, Rossing P. Characteristics of high- and low-risk individuals in the PRIORITY study: urinary proteomics and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism for prevention of diabetic nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1375-1382. [PMID: 29781558 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare clinical baseline data in individuals with Type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria, who are at high or low risk of diabetic kidney disease based on the urinary proteomics classifier CKD273. METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled international multicentre clinical trial and observational study in participants with Type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria, stratified into high- or low-risk groups based on CKD273 score. Clinical baseline data for the whole cohort and stratified by risk groups are reported. The associations between CKD273 and traditional risk factors for diabetic kidney disease were evaluated using univariate and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1777 participants from 15 centres were included, with 12.3% of these having a high-risk proteomic pattern. Participants in the high-risk group (n=218), were more likely to be men, were older, had longer diabetes duration, a lower estimated GFR and a higher urinary albumin:creatinine ratio than those in the low-risk group (n=1559, P<0.02). Numerical differences were small and univariate regression analyses showed weak associations (R2 < 0.04) of CKD273 with each baseline variable. In a logistic regression model including clinical variables known to be associated with diabetic kidney disease, estimated GFR, gender, log urinary albumin:creatinine ratio and use of renin-angiotensin system-blocking agents remained significant determinants of the CKD273 high-risk group: area under the curve 0.72 (95% CI 0.68-0.75; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this population of individuals with Type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria, traditional diabetic kidney disease risk factors differed slightly between participants at high risk and those at low risk of diabetic kidney disease, based on CKD273. These data suggest that CKD273 may provide additional prognostic information over and above the variables routinely available in the clinic. Testing the added value will be subject to our ongoing study. (European Union Clinical Trials Register: EudraCT 2012-000452-34 and Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02040441).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tofte
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - M Lindhardt
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - K Adamova
- University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - J Beige
- Klinikum St. Georg, Nephrology and KfH Renal Unit, Leipzig, Martin-Luther University Halle, Wittenberg, Germany
| | - J W J Beulens
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A L Birkenfeld
- Clinical Study Centre Metabolic Vascular Medicine, GWT TU-Dresden GmbH, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - G Currie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I Dimos
- Diabetespraxis, Leipzig, Germany
| | - L Francová
- 1st Department, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - P Girman
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Göke
- Diabetologische Schwerpunktpraxis, Diabetologen Hessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - T Havrdova
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kooy
- Bethesda Diabetes Research Centre, Hoogeveen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Netherlands
| | - H Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - G Nijpels
- Department General Practice and Elderly Care, Amsterdam Public Health VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Noutsou
- Diabetes Centre and 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokratio General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de la Fundacion Jiménez Díaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Parvanova
- Istituto di Richerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - F Persson
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - P L Ruggenenti
- Istituto di Richerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - F Rutters
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Rychlík
- 1st Department, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Spasovski
- Department of Nephrology, Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - M Speeckaert
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Trillini
- Istituto di Richerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - P Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Wilén BM, Liébana R, Persson F, Modin O, Hermansson M. The mechanisms of granulation of activated sludge in wastewater treatment, its optimization, and impact on effluent quality. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5005-5020. [PMID: 29705957 PMCID: PMC5960003 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Granular activated sludge has gained increasing interest due to its potential in treating wastewater in a compact and efficient way. It is well-established that activated sludge can form granules under certain environmental conditions such as batch-wise operation with feast-famine feeding, high hydrodynamic shear forces, and short settling time which select for dense microbial aggregates. Aerobic granules with stable structure and functionality have been obtained with a range of different wastewaters seeded with different sources of sludge at different operational conditions, but the microbial communities developed differed substantially. In spite of this, granule instability occurs. In this review, the available literature on the mechanisms involved in granulation and how it affects the effluent quality is assessed with special attention given to the microbial interactions involved. To be able to optimize the process further, more knowledge is needed regarding the influence of microbial communities and their metabolism on granule stability and functionality. Studies performed at conditions similar to full-scale such as fluctuation in organic loading rate, hydrodynamic conditions, temperature, incoming particles, and feed water microorganisms need further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Raquel Liébana
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Nyqvist J, Persson F, Parris T, Helou K, Kenne Sarenmalm E, Einbeigi Z, Borg A, Karlsson P, Kovács A. Metachronous and synchronous occurrence of five primary malignancies in a breast cancer patient between 1997–2013: A case report with germline and somatic genetic analysis. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Pilemann-Lyberg S, Persson F, Frystyk J, Rossing P. The effect of uric acid lowering treatment on albuminuria and renal function in Type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Diabet Med 2018; 35:392-393. [PMID: 29315768 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Pilemann-Lyberg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - F Persson
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - J Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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30
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Abstract
Environmental deterioration together with the need for water reuse and the increasingly restrictive legislation of water quality standards have led to a demand for compact, efficient and less energy consuming technologies for wastewater treatment. Aerobic granular sludge and membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are two technologies with several advantages, such as small footprint, high-microbial density and activity, ability to operate at high organic- and nitrogen-loading rates, and tolerance to toxicity. However, they also have some disadvantages. The aerobic granular sludge process generally requires post-treatment in order to fulfill effluent standards and MBRs suffer from fouling of the membranes. Integrating the two technologies could be a way of combining the advantages and addressing the main problems associated with both processes. The use of membranes to separate the aerobic granules from the treated water would ensure high-quality effluents suitable for reuse. Moreover, the use of granular sludge in MBRs has been shown to reduce fouling. Several recent studies have shown that the aerobic granular membrane bioreactor (AGMBR) is a promising hybrid process with many attractive features. However, major challenges that have to be addressed include how to achieve granulation and maintain granular stability during continuous operation of reactors. This paper aims to review the current state of research on AGMBR technology while drawing attention to relevant findings and highlight current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Liébana
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- a Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
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31
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Persson F, Turkiewicz A, Bergkvist D, Neuman P, Englund M. The risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis after arthroscopic meniscus repair vs partial meniscectomy vs the general population. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:195-201. [PMID: 29146386 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare consultation rate for knee osteoarthritis (OA) after meniscus repair, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM), and in general population, respectively. METHOD We identified patients aged 16-45 years having had meniscus surgery due to traumatic meniscus tear in 1998-2010 in southern Sweden by a healthcare register. Patients were followed from surgery until a diagnosis of knee OA, relocation, death, or December 31st, 2015. We studied the consultation rate for knee OA compared to the general population. RESULTS We identified 2,487 patients diagnosed with traumatic meniscus tear (mean [SD] age 30.5 [8.6] years); 229 (9.2%) of them had had meniscus repair. The absolute risk of having consulted for knee OA during the study was 17% after APM, 10.0% after meniscus repair, and 2.3% in the general population. Hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for knee OA after repair vs APM was: 0.74 (0.48, 1.15). Excluding cases with OA within 2 years post-surgery, yielded the HR of 0.51 (0.27, 0.96). The consultation rate for knee OA standardized to the general population was then 42 per 10,000 person-years (95% CI 12, 71) in the meniscus repair group, 118 per 10,000 person-years (95% CI 101, 135) after APM, and 20 per 10,000 person-years (95% CI 19.9, 20.1) in the general population. CONCLUSION The point estimates suggests about 25-50% lower risk of consultation for knee OA after meniscus repair as compared to APM. However, the consultation rate for knee OA after repair was still at least two times higher as compared to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Persson
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Orthopedics, Malmoe, Sweden.
| | - A Turkiewicz
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden.
| | - D Bergkvist
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden.
| | - P Neuman
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Orthopedics, Malmoe, Sweden.
| | - M Englund
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Szabó E, Liébana R, Hermansson M, Modin O, Persson F, Wilén BM. Comparison of the bacterial community composition in the granular and the suspended phase of sequencing batch reactors. AMB Express 2017; 7:168. [PMID: 28871435 PMCID: PMC5583138 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulation of activated sludge is an increasingly important area within the field of wastewater treatment. Granulation is usually achieved by high hydraulic selection pressure, which results in the wash-out of slow settling particles. The effect of the harsh wash-out conditions on the granular sludge ecosystem is not yet fully understood, but different bacterial groups may be affected to varying degrees. In this study, we used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to follow the community composition in granular sludge reactors for 12 weeks, both in the granular phase and the suspended phase (effluent). The microbiome of the washed out biomass was similar but not identical to the microbiome of the granular biomass. Certain taxa (e.g. Flavobacterium spp. and Bdellovibrio spp.) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher relative abundance in the granules compared to the effluent. Fluorescence in situ hybridization images indicated that these taxa were mainly located in the interior of granules and therefore protected from erosion. Other taxa (e.g. Meganema sp. and Zooglea sp.) had significantly lower relative abundance in the granules compared to the effluent, and appeared to be mainly located on the surface of granules and therefore subject to erosion. Despite being washed out, these taxa were among the most abundant members of the granular sludge communities and were likely growing fast in the reactors. The ratio between relative abundance in the granular biomass and in the effluent did not predict temporal variation of the taxa in the reactors, but it did appear to predict the spatial location of the taxa in the granules.
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Szabó E, Liébana R, Hermansson M, Modin O, Persson F, Wilén BM. Microbial Population Dynamics and Ecosystem Functions of Anoxic/Aerobic Granular Sludge in Sequencing Batch Reactors Operated at Different Organic Loading Rates. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:770. [PMID: 28507540 PMCID: PMC5410608 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The granular sludge process is an effective, low-footprint alternative to conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment. The architecture of the microbial granules allows the co-existence of different functional groups, e.g., nitrifying and denitrifying communities, which permits compact reactor design. However, little is known about the factors influencing community assembly in granular sludge, such as the effects of reactor operation strategies and influent wastewater composition. Here, we analyze the development of the microbiomes in parallel laboratory-scale anoxic/aerobic granular sludge reactors operated at low (0.9 kg m-3d-1), moderate (1.9 kg m-3d-1) and high (3.7 kg m-3d-1) organic loading rates (OLRs) and the same ammonium loading rate (0.2 kg NH4-N m-3d-1) for 84 days. Complete removal of organic carbon and ammonium was achieved in all three reactors after start-up, while the nitrogen removal (denitrification) efficiency increased with the OLR: 0% at low, 38% at moderate, and 66% at high loading rate. The bacterial communities at different loading rates diverged rapidly after start-up and showed less than 50% similarity after 6 days, and below 40% similarity after 84 days. The three reactor microbiomes were dominated by different genera (mainly Meganema, Thauera, Paracoccus, and Zoogloea), but these genera have similar ecosystem functions of EPS production, denitrification and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) storage. Many less abundant but persistent taxa were also detected within these functional groups. The bacterial communities were functionally redundant irrespective of the loading rate applied. At steady-state reactor operation, the identity of the core community members was rather stable, but their relative abundances changed considerably over time. Furthermore, nitrifying bacteria were low in relative abundance and diversity in all reactors, despite their large contribution to nitrogen turnover. The results suggest that the OLR has considerable impact on the composition of the granular sludge communities, but also that the granule communities can be dynamic even at steady-state reactor operation due to high functional redundancy of several key guilds. Knowledge about microbial diversity with specific functional guilds under different operating conditions can be important for engineers to predict the stability of reactor functions during the start-up and continued reactor operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikö Szabó
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Raquel Liébana
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
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Persson F, Suarez C, Hermansson M, Plaza E, Sultana R, Wilén BM. Community structure of partial nitritation-anammox biofilms at decreasing substrate concentrations and low temperature. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 10:761-772. [PMID: 27863060 PMCID: PMC5481546 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) permits energy effective nitrogen removal. Today PNA is used for treatment of concentrated and warm side streams at wastewater treatment plants, but not the more diluted and colder main stream. To implement PNA in the main stream, better knowledge about microbial communities at the typical environmental conditions is necessary. In order to investigate the response of PNA microbial communities to decreasing substrate availability, we have operated a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) at decreasing reactor concentrations (311-27 mg-N l-1 of ammonium) and low temperature (13°C) for 302 days and investigated the biofilm community using high throughput amplicon sequencing; quantitative PCR; and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The anammox bacteria (Ca. Brocadia) constituted a large fraction of the biomass with fewer aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and even less nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB; Nitrotoga, Nitrospira and Nitrobacter). Still, NOB had considerable impact on the process performance. The anammox bacteria, AOB and NOB all harboured more than one population, indicating some diversity, and the heterotrophic bacterial community was diverse (seven phyla). Despite the downshifts in substrate availability, changes in the relative abundance and composition of anammox bacteria, AOB and NOB were small and also the heterotrophic community showed little changes in composition. This indicates stability of PNA MBBR communities towards decreasing substrate availability and suggests that even heterotrophic bacteria are integral components of these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carolina Suarez
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elzbieta Plaza
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED), Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 76, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Razia Sultana
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED), Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 76, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Piculell M, Suarez C, Li C, Christensson M, Persson F, Wagner M, Hermansson M, Jönsson K, Welander T. The inhibitory effects of reject water on nitrifying populations grown at different biofilm thickness. Water Res 2016; 104:292-302. [PMID: 27551781 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is of vital importance to achieve successful, energy efficient, mainstream anammox processes for wastewater treatment. In this study, biofilm carriers from a fully nitrifying MBBR system, fed with mainstream wastewater, were temporarily exposed to reject water from sludge dewatering, to evaluate this as a possible strategy to inhibit NOB and achieve nitrite production under realistic conditions. Two different carrier types were compared, in which biofilm thickness was maintained at approximately 400 and 50 μm, respectively, and reject treatment was tested at different exposure time and loading rates. Reject exposure almost always resulted in an increased nitrite production in the thinner biofilm, and overall, nitrifiers growing in the thin biofilm were more sensitive than those grown in the thicker biofilm. The effect from reject exposure remained in the systems for four days after returning to mainstream operation, with nitrite production gradually increasing for three days. Increased concentrations of free ammonia correlated with reject exposure and may be the cause of inhibition, although other factors cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Piculell
- Veolia Water Technologies AB - AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Carolina Suarez
- Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9E, SE-413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chunyan Li
- Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Magnus Christensson
- Veolia Water Technologies AB - AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Water Environment Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Wagner
- Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9E, SE-413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Jönsson
- Water and Environmental Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Welander
- Veolia Water Technologies AB - AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden
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Guldbrandsson K, Persson F, Ahnquist J. How to make research results useful for policy-makers and practitioner in public health? Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw174.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
The activated sludge process is commonly used to treat wastewater by aerobic oxidation of organic pollutants into carbon dioxide and water. However, several nonoxidative mechanisms can also contribute to removal of organics. Sorption onto activated sludge can remove a large fraction of the colloidal and particulate wastewater organics. Intracellular storage of, e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), triacylglycerides (TAG), or wax esters can convert wastewater organics into precursors for high-value products. Recently, several environmental, economic, and technological drivers have stimulated research on nonoxidative removal of organics for wastewater treatment. In this paper, we review these nonoxidative removal mechanisms as well as the existing and emerging process configurations that make use of them for wastewater treatment. Better utilization of nonoxidative processes in activated sludge could reduce the wasteful aerobic oxidation of organic compounds and lead to more resource-efficient wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Heerspink HJL, Ninomiya T, Persson F, Brenner BM, Brunel P, Chaturvedi N, Desai AS, Haffner SM, Mcmurray JJV, Solomon SD, Pfeffer MA, Parving HH, de Zeeuw D. Is a reduction in albuminuria associated with renal and cardiovascular protection? A post hoc analysis of the ALTITUDE trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:169-77. [PMID: 26511599 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether the degree of albuminuria reduction observed in the ALTITUDE trial is associated with renal and cardiovascular protection, and secondly, whether the reduction in albuminuria was too small to afford clinical benefit. METHODS In a post hoc analysis of the ALTITUDE trial in 8561 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease or cardiovascular disease we examined the effect of albuminuria changes at 6 months on renal and cardiovascular outcomes using Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS The median change in albuminuria in the first 6 months in the aliskiren arm of the trial was -12% (25th to 75th percentile: -48.7_to_ +41.9%) and 0.0% (25th to 75th percentile: -40.2_to_55%) in the placebo arm. Changes in albuminuria in the first 6 months were linearly associated with renal and cardiovascular endpoints: a >30% reduction in albuminuria in the first 6 months was associated with a 62% reduction in renal risk and a 25% reduction in cardiovascular risk compared with an increase in albuminuria. The association between changes at 6 months in albuminuria and renal or cardiovascular endpoints was similar in the two treatment groups (p for interaction >0.1 for both endpoints). CONCLUSIONS The addition of aliskiren to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy resulted in albuminuria changes that were associated with renal and cardiovascular risk changes. This did not translate into renal or cardiovascular protection because the overall reduction in albuminuria in the aliskiren arm was too small and nearly similar to that in the placebo arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Ninomiya
- Division of Research Management, Center for Cohort Studies Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - F Persson
- Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - B M Brenner
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Brunel
- Novartis Pharma AB, Global Medical Affairs, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N Chaturvedi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - A S Desai
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S M Haffner
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J J V Mcmurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M A Pfeffer
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H-H Parving
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D de Zeeuw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Saheb Alam S, Persson F, Wilén BM, Hermansson M, Modin O. Effects of storage on mixed-culture biological electrodes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18433. [PMID: 26678949 PMCID: PMC4683449 DOI: 10.1038/srep18433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Storage methods are important to preserve the viability and biochemical characteristics of microbial cultures between experiments or during periods when bioreactors are inactive. Most of the research on storage has focused on isolates; however, there is an increasing interest in methods for mixed cultures, which are of relevance in environmental biotechnology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different storage methods on electrochemically active enrichment cultures. Acetate-oxidizing bioanodes generating a current density of about 5 A m−2 were enriched in a microbial electrolysis cell. The effect of five weeks of storage was evaluated using electrochemical techniques and microbial community analysis. Storage by refrigeration resulted in quicker re-activation than freezing in 10% glycerol, while the bioelectrochemical activity was entirely lost after storage using dehydration. The results showed that the bioelectrochemical activity of bioanodes stored at low temperature could be retained. However, during the re-activation period the bioanodes only recovered 75% of the current density generated before storage and the bacterial communities were different in composition and more diverse after storage than before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Saheb Alam
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Suarez C, Persson F, Hermansson M. Predation of nitritation–anammox biofilms used for nitrogen removal from wastewater. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv124. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Freitag C, Noble C, Fritzsche J, Persson F, Reiter-Schad M, Nilsson AN, Granéli A, Ambjörnsson T, Mir KU, Tegenfeldt JO. Visualizing the entire DNA from a chromosome in a single frame. Biomicrofluidics 2015; 9:044114. [PMID: 26392826 PMCID: PMC4570469 DOI: 10.1063/1.4923262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The contiguity and phase of sequence information are intrinsic to obtain complete understanding of the genome and its relationship to phenotype. We report the fabrication and application of a novel nanochannel design that folds megabase lengths of genomic DNA into a systematic back-and-forth meandering path. Such meandering nanochannels enabled us to visualize the complete 5.7 Mbp (1 mm) stained DNA length of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosome in a single frame of a CCD. We were able to hold the DNA in situ while implementing partial denaturation to obtain a barcode pattern that we could match to a reference map using the Poland-Scheraga model for DNA melting. The facility to compose such long linear lengths of genomic DNA in one field of view enabled us to directly visualize a repeat motif, count the repeat unit number, and chart its location in the genome by reference to unique barcode motifs found at measurable distances from the repeat. Meandering nanochannel dimensions can easily be tailored to human chromosome scales, which would enable the whole genome to be visualized in seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Noble
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - M Reiter-Schad
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - A N Nilsson
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - A Granéli
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Ambjörnsson
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
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Modin O, Saheb Alam S, Persson F, Wilén BM. Sorption and release of organics by primary, anaerobic, and aerobic activated sludge mixed with raw municipal wastewater. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119371. [PMID: 25768429 PMCID: PMC4359093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New activated sludge processes that utilize sorption as a major mechanism for organics removal are being developed to maximize energy recovery from wastewater organics, or as enhanced primary treatment technologies. To model and optimize sorption-based activated sludge processes, further knowledge about sorption of organics onto sludge is needed. This study compared primary-, anaerobic-, and aerobic activated sludge as sorbents, determined sorption capacity and kinetics, and investigated some characteristics of the organics being sorbed. Batch sorption assays were carried out without aeration at a mixing velocity of 200 rpm. Only aerobic activated sludge showed net sorption of organics. Sorption of dissolved organics occurred by a near-instantaneous sorption event followed by a slower process that obeyed 1st order kinetics. Sorption of particulates also followed 1st order kinetics but there was no instantaneous sorption event; instead there was a release of particles upon mixing. The 5-min sorption capacity of activated sludge was 6.5±10.8 mg total organic carbon (TOC) per g volatile suspend solids (VSS) for particulate organics and 5.0±4.7 mgTOC/gVSS for dissolved organics. The observed instantaneous sorption appeared to be mainly due to organics larger than 20 kDa in size being sorbed, although molecules with a size of about 200 Da with strong UV absorbance at 215–230 nm were also rapidly removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Soroush Saheb Alam
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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von Scholten BJ, Lajer M, Goetze JP, Persson F, Rossing P. Time course and mechanisms of the anti-hypertensive and renal effects of liraglutide treatment. Diabet Med 2015; 32:343-52. [PMID: 25251901 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist studies have revealed clinically significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP). The aim was to investigate the time course of the anti-hypertensive effect of liraglutide treatment and potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS We used an open-label, single-centre trial; 31 participants with Type 2 diabetes and hypertension completed the study. All participants were treated with liraglutide escalated to a maximum dose of 1.8 mg/day for 7 weeks, followed by a 21-day washout period. The primary outcome was a change in 24-h SBP. RESULTS Twenty-four-h SBP increased by 10 mmHg on day 3 (P = 0.008) and 7 mmHg on day 7 (P = 0.033, 0.6 mg/day). On day 29, (1.8 mg/day), 24-h SBP was 7 mmHg lower compared with baseline (P = 0.11). Following the treatment period (day 49) and after washout (day 70), 24-h BP was equivalent to baseline. In addition, extracellular volume (ECV) was reduced by 2.0 l [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-3.1 l, P < 0.001] and midregional-pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) was reduced by 20% (95% CI = 12-28%, P < 0.001). Also, urinary albumin excretion declined by 30% (95% CI = 12-44%, P = 0.003), GFR by 11 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (95% CI = 7.2-14.4 ml/min/1.73 m(2) , P < 0.001) and fractional albumin excretion by 29% (95% CI = 3-48%, P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide treatment was associated with an initial increase in 24-h SBP, followed by a 7 mmHg reduction after escalation to 1.8 mg/day. This effect subsided after 4 weeks of maximum dose. Reductions in ECV and MR-proANP may explain the anti-hypertensive potential. Liraglutide treatment was associated with reversible reductions in albuminuria and GFR, which has to be confirmed in randomized trials.
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Persson F, Sultana R, Suarez C, Hermansson M, Plaza E, Wilén BM. Structure and composition of biofilm communities in a moving bed biofilm reactor for nitritation-anammox at low temperatures. Bioresour Technol 2014; 154:267-273. [PMID: 24412479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenge to apply anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) for nitrogen removal from wastewater at low temperatures. Maintenance of anammox- and aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are key issues. In this work, a nitritation-anammox moving bed biofilm pilot reactor was operated at 19-10°C for 300 d. Nitrogen removal was decreasing, but stable, at 19-13°C. At 10°C removal became unstable. Quantitative PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization and gene sequencing showed that no major microbial community changes were observed with decreased temperature. Anammox bacteria dominated the biofilm (0.9-1.2 × 10(14) 16S rRNA copies m(-2)). Most anammox bacteria were similar to Brocadia sp. 40, but another smaller Brocadia population was present near the biofilm-water interface, where also the AOB community (Nitrosomonas) was concentrated in thin layers (1.8-5.3 × 10(12) amoA copies m(-2)). NOB (Nitrobacter, Nitrospira) were always present at low concentrations (<1.3 × 10(11) 16S rRNA copies m(-2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Persson
- Water Environment Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Razia Sultana
- Dept. of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 76, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Suarez
- Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9E, SE-413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9E, SE-413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elzbieta Plaza
- Dept. of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 76, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Water Environment Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Almstrand R, Persson F, Daims H, Ekenberg M, Christensson M, Wilén BM, Sörensson F, Hermansson M. Three-dimensional stratification of bacterial biofilm populations in a moving bed biofilm reactor for nitritation-anammox. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2191-206. [PMID: 24481066 PMCID: PMC3958845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) are increasingly used for nitrogen removal with nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) processes in wastewater treatment. Carriers provide protected surfaces where ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria form complex biofilms. However, the knowledge about the organization of microbial communities in MBBR biofilms is sparse. We used new cryosectioning and imaging methods for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to study the structure of biofilms retrieved from carriers in a nitritation-anammox MBBR. The dimensions of the carrier compartments and the biofilm cryosections after FISH showed good correlation, indicating little disturbance of biofilm samples by the treatment. FISH showed that Nitrosomonas europaea/eutropha-related cells dominated the AOB and Candidatus Brocadia fulgida-related cells dominated the anammox guild. New carriers were initially colonized by AOB, followed by anammox bacteria proliferating in the deeper biofilm layers, probably in anaerobic microhabitats created by AOB activity. Mature biofilms showed a pronounced three-dimensional stratification where AOB dominated closer to the biofilm-water interface, whereas anammox were dominant deeper into the carrier space and towards the walls. Our results suggest that current mathematical models may be oversimplifying these three-dimensional systems and unless the multidimensionality of these systems is considered, models may result in suboptimal design of MBBR carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Almstrand
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology, Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, Göteborg SE-405 30, Sweden.
| | - Frank Persson
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden.
| | - Holger Daims
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Maria Ekenberg
- AnoxKaldnes AB, Klosterängsvägen 11A, Lund SE-226 47, Sweden.
| | | | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden.
| | - Fred Sörensson
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology, Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, Göteborg SE-405 30, Sweden.
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology, Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, Göteborg SE-405 30, Sweden.
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Edling NPG, Helander CG, Persson F, Asheim A. Renal Function after Aortography with Large Contrast Medium Doses: An Experimental Study in Dogs. Acta Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/028418515805000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Edling NPG, Helander CG, Persson F, Asheim A. Renal Function after Selective Renal Angiography; an Experimental Study in Dogs. Acta Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/028418515905100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Smink PA, Hoekman J, Grobbee DE, Eijkemans MJC, Parving HH, Persson F, Ibsen H, Lindholm L, Wachtell K, de Zeeuw D, Heerspink HJL. A prediction of the renal and cardiovascular efficacy of aliskiren in ALTITUDE using short-term changes in multiple risk markers. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013; 21:434-41. [PMID: 23467676 DOI: 10.1177/2047487313481754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We recently developed and validated in existing trials a novel algorithm (PRE score) to predict long-term drug efficacy based on short-term (month-6) drug-induced changes in multiple risk markers. To show the value of the PRE score for ongoing and planned clinical trials, we here report the predicted long-term cardio-renal efficacy of aliskiren in type 2 diabetes, which was investigated in the ALTITUDE trial, but unknown at the time this study was conducted. METHODS We established the relation between multiple risk markers and cardio-renal endpoints (as defined in ALTITUDE) using a background database from past clinical trials. The short-term effect of aliskiren on multiple risk markers was taken from the AVOID trial. A PRE score was developed by multivariate Cox analysis in the background population and was then applied to the baseline and month-6 measurements of the aliskiren treatment arm of the AVOID trial to predict cardio-renal risk. The net risk difference at these time-points, after correction for placebo effects, was taken to indicate the estimated long-term cardio-renal risk change. RESULTS Based on the PRE score, we predicted that aliskiren treatment in ALTITUDE would confer a relative risk change of -7.9% (95% CI -2.5 to -13.4) for the cardio-renal endpoint, a risk change of -5.1% (-1.2 to -9.0) for the CV endpoint and a non-significant risk change of -19.9% (-42.1 to +2.1) for the renal endpoint. CONCLUSIONS PRE score estimations suggested that aliskiren has only a marginal additive protective effect on cardio-renal endpoints. These predictions were validated by the results of the ALTITUDE trial, confirming the potential of the PRE score to prospectively predict drug efficacy on cardio-renal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Smink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Roscioni SS, de Zeeuw D, Hellemons ME, Mischak H, Zürbig P, Bakker SJL, Gansevoort RT, Reinhard H, Persson F, Lajer M, Rossing P, Lambers Heerspink HJ. A urinary peptide biomarker set predicts worsening of albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2013; 56:259-67. [PMID: 23086559 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Microalbuminuria is considered the first clinical sign of kidney dysfunction and is associated with a poor renal and cardiovascular prognosis in type 2 diabetes. Detection of patients who are prone to develop micro- or macroalbuminuria may represent an effective strategy to start or optimise therapeutic intervention. Here we assessed the value of a urinary proteomic-based risk score (classifier) in predicting the development and progression of microalbuminuria. METHODS We conducted a prospective case-control study. Cases (n = 44) and controls (n = 44) were selected from the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease) study and from the Steno Diabetes Center (Gentofte, Denmark). Cases were defined by transition from normo- to microalbuminuria or from micro- to macroalbuminuria over a follow-up of 3 years. Controls with no transitions in albuminuria were pair-matched for age, sex and albuminuria status. A model for the progression of albuminuria was built using a proteomic classifier based on 273 urinary peptides. RESULTS The proteomic classifier was independently associated with transition to micro- or macroalbuminuria (OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.02, 1.79], p = 0.035). The classifier predicted the development and progression of albuminuria on top of albuminuria and estimated GFR (eGFR, area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve increase of 0.03, p = 0.002; integrated discrimination index [IDI]: 0.105, p = 0.002). Fragments of collagen and α-2-HS-glycoprotein showed significantly different expression between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Although limited by the relatively small sample size, these results suggest that analysis of a urinary biomarker set enables early renal risk assessment in patients with diabetes. Further work is required to confirm the role of urinary proteomics in the prevention of renal failure in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Roscioni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Werner E, Persson F, Westerlund F, Tegenfeldt JO, Mehlig B. Orientational correlations in confined DNA. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 86:041802. [PMID: 23214605 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.041802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We study how the orientational correlations of DNA confined to nanochannels depend on the channel diameter D by means of Monte Carlo simulations and a mean-field theory. This theory describes DNA conformations in the experimentally relevant regime where the Flory-de Gennes theory does not apply. We show how local correlations determine the dependence of the end-to-end distance of the DNA molecule upon D. Tapered nanochannels provide the necessary resolution in D to study experimentally how the extension of confined DNA molecules depends upon D. Our experimental and theoretical results are in qualitative agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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