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Damgaard T, Woksepp H, Brudin L, Bonnedahl J, Nielsen EI, Schön T, Hällgren A. Estimated glomerular filtration rate as a tool for early identification of patients with insufficient exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics in intensive care units. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:451-459. [PMID: 38436273 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2323002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only about 50% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients reach a free trough concentration above MIC (100% fT > MIC) of beta-lactam antibiotics. Although dose adjustments based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be beneficial, TDM is not widely available. We investigated serum creatinine-based estimated GFR (eGFR) as a rapid screening tool to identify ICU patients at risk of insufficient exposure. METHOD Ninety-three adult patients admitted to four ICUs in southeast Sweden treated with piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, or cefotaxime were included. Beta-lactam trough concentrations were measured. The concentration target was set to 100% fT > MICECOFF (2, 4, and 16 mg/L based on calculated free levels for meropenem, cefotaxime, and piperacillin, respectively). eGFR was primarily determined via Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and compared to three other eGFR equations. Data was analysed using logistic regression and receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS With intermittent standard dosing, insufficient exposure was common in patients with a relative eGFR ≥48mL/min/1.73m2 [85%, (45/53)], particularly when treated with cefotaxime [96%, (24/25)]. This eGFR cut-off had a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 82% (AUC 0.871, p < 0.001) in identifying insufficient exposure. In contrast, patients with eGFR <48mL/min/1.73m2 had high target attainment [90%, (36/40)] with a wide variability in drug exposure. There was no difference between the four eGFR equations (AUC 0.866-0.872, cut-offs 44-51 ml/min/1.73m2). CONCLUSION Serum creatinine-based eGFR is a simple and widely available surrogate marker with potential for early identification of ICU patients at risk of insufficient exposure to piperacillin, meropenem, and cefotaxime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Damgaard
- Pharmaceutical Department in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Woksepp
- Department of Research and Department of Clinical Microbiology in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Lars Brudin
- Department of Clinical Physiology in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Schön
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, Department of Infectious Diseases in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anita Hällgren
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Berger M, Baliker M, Van Gelder T, Böhmig GA, Mannon RB, Kumar D, Chadban S, Nickerson P, Lee LA, Djamali A. Chronic Active Antibody-mediated Rejection: Opportunity to Determine the Role of Interleukin-6 Blockade. Transplantation 2024; 108:1109-1114. [PMID: 37941113 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (caAMR) is arguably the most important cause of late kidney allograft failure. However, there are no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments for acute or chronic AMR and there is no consensus on effective treatment. Many trials in transplantation have failed because of slow and/or inadequate enrollment, and no new agent has been approved by the FDA for transplantation in over a decade. Several lines of evidence suggest that interleukin-6 is an important driver of AMR, and clazakizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that neutralizes interleukin-6, has shown promising results in phase 2 studies. The IMAGINE trial (Interleukin-6 Blockade Modifying Antibody-mediated Graft Injury and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline) (NCT03744910) is the first to be considered by the FDA using a reasonably likely surrogate endpoint (slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline >1 y) for accelerated approval and is the only ongoing clinical trial for the treatment of chronic rejection. This trial offers us the opportunity to advance the care for our patients in need, and this article is a call to action for all transplant providers caring for patients with caAMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Berger
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Teun Van Gelder
- Department Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Georg A Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roslyn B Mannon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Transplant Infectious Disease, Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steve Chadban
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Nickerson
- Department of Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Laurie A Lee
- Research and Development, Transplant Therapeutic Area, CSL Behring, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Arjang Djamali
- Department of Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME
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Laville SM, Gras-Champel V, Hamroun A, Moragny J, Lambert O, Metzger M, Jacquelinet C, Combe C, Fouque D, Laville M, Frimat L, Robinson BM, Bieber B, Stengel B, Alencar De Pinho N, Massy ZA, Liabeuf S. Kidney Function Decline and Serious Adverse Drug Reactions in Patients With CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2024; 83:601-614.e1. [PMID: 37951340 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The impact of kidney function decline on serious ADR risk has been poorly investigated. We comprehensively describe ADRs and assess the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serious ADR risk. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 3,033 participants in French Chronic Kidney Disease-Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (CKD-REIN) cohort study, a nationwide sample of nephrology outpatients with moderate to advanced CKD. PREDICTORS Demographic and biological data (including eGFR), medication prescriptions. OUTCOME ADRs (preventable or not) were prospectively identified from hospital discharge reports, medical records, and patient interviews. Expert pharmacologists used validated tools to adjudicate ADRs. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Restricted cubic splines in fully adjusted cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the relationship between eGFR and the risk of serious ADRs (overall and by subtype). RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 4.7 years, 360 patients experienced 488 serious ADRs. Kidney and urinary disorders (n=170) and hemorrhage (n=170) accounted for 70% of serious ADRs. The most common medications classes were antithrombotics and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. The majority of those serious ADRs were associated with hospitalization (n=467), with 32 directly or indirectly associated with death and 22 associated with a life-threatening event. More than 27% of the 488 serious ADRs were preventable or potentially preventable. The eGFR is a major risk factor for serious ADRs. The risk of acute kidney injury was 2.2% higher and risk of bleeding ADRs was 8% higher for each 1mL/min/1.73m2 lower baseline eGFR. LIMITATIONS The results cannot be extrapolated to patients who are not being treated by a nephrologist. CONCLUSIONS ADRs constitute a major cause of hospitalization in CKD patients for whom lower eGFR level is a major risk factor. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have complex clinical presentations, take multiple medications, and often receive inappropriate prescriptions. Using data from a large, prospective CKD cohort, we found a high incidence of serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The 2 most common serious ADRs were drug-induced acute kidney injury and bleeding. A large proportion of serious ADRs required hospital admission, and 11% led to death or were life threatening. Lower kidney function was a major risk factor for serious ADRs. Many of these serious ADRs were determined to be partly preventable through greater adherence to prescription guidelines. This report enhances our understanding of the potential toxicity of drugs taken by patients with moderate to advanced CKD. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring kidney function when prescribing drugs, particularly for high-risk medications such as antithrombotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène M Laville
- Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens-Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens; MP3CV Laboratory, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens
| | - Valérie Gras-Champel
- Pharmacovigilance Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens-Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens
| | - Aghilès Hamroun
- Nephrology Department, Lille Regional University Medical Center, Lille; Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM UMRS 1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Villejuif
| | - Julien Moragny
- Pharmacovigilance Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens-Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens
| | - Oriane Lambert
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM UMRS 1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Villejuif
| | - Marie Metzger
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM UMRS 1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Villejuif
| | - Christian Jacquelinet
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM UMRS 1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Villejuif; Biomedecine Agency, Saint Denis La Plaine
| | - Christian Combe
- Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Dialyse Aphérèse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux; INSERM, U1026, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux
| | - Denis Fouque
- Nephrology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Université de Lyon, Carmen, Pierre-Bénite; Université de Lyon, Carmen INSERM 1060, Lyon
| | | | - Luc Frimat
- Nephrology Department, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy; Lorraine University, APEMAC, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Brian Bieber
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bénédicte Stengel
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM UMRS 1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Villejuif
| | - Natalia Alencar De Pinho
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM UMRS 1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Villejuif
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM UMRS 1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, Villejuif; Department of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens-Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens; MP3CV Laboratory, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens.
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Yuan Y, He S, Liu H, He Y, Zhou R, Yao Y, Yin K, Lyu C. Effects of Prolonged Administration of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Containing Antiviral Regimen on Renal Function in Low-Risk of Kidney Injury HIV Patients. J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 64:626-633. [PMID: 38323669 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study intended to investigate the impact of long-term tenofovir fumarate (TDF) antiviral regimen on renal function in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with low-risk of kidney injury. The observational study involving 100 HIV-infected patients without underlying diseases who achieved virological suppression and immunological recovery after sustained antiviral regimen of TDF+ lamivudine+ efavirenz (TLE) for 3.19 years. Renal function, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood and urine β2 microglobulin, and other parameters, was assessed every 3 months over a period of 2.5 years. The eGFR showed a slight increasement from 116.0 at month 0 to 119.7 at month 30. Blood β2 microglobulin increased from 2.02 mg/L at month 0 to 2.77 mg/L at month 30. Compared to month 0, the difference in blood β2 microglobulin was statistically significant at month 6 and months 12-30 (P < .05). The incidence of proximal renal tubular dysfunction fluctuated from 2% at month 0 to 2.5% at month 30. The urine β2 microglobulin fluctuated from 0.5 (0.3-1.1) to 0.8 (0.5-1.35) mg/L at months 18-30, which was higher than 0.41 (0.18-1.1) mg/L at month 0 (P < .05). The abnormal concentration proportion of urine β2 microglobulin fluctuated from 72.7% to 81.3% at months 18-30, which was higher than the proportion of 57.0% at month 0. The abnormal proportion of blood β2 microglobulin, urine β2 microglobulin, and proximal renal tubular dysfunction were not correlated with eGFR (r1 = 0.119, r2 = -0.008, r3 = -0.165, P > .05). Long-term TDF antiviral regimen in low-risk of kidney injury HIV-infected patients may lead to damage in the proximal renal tubules and glomeruli. Blood and urine β2 microglobulin levels may be helpful in screening for renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Infection, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shenghua He
- Department of Infection, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huanxia Liu
- Department of Infection, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuanhong He
- Department of Infection, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhou
- Department of Infection, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Infection, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ke Yin
- Department of Infection, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chunrong Lyu
- Department of Infection, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Mochizuki T, Matsukawa M, Tanaka T, Jiang H. Initial eGFR Changes Predict Response to Tolvaptan in ADPKD. Kidney360 2024; 5:522-528. [PMID: 38414126 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Key Points
This post hoc analysis of the Tolvaptan Efficacy and Safety in Management of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Its Outcomes 3:4 study investigated the long-term predictive potential of initial changes in eGFR.Initial eGFR change from baseline to week 3 proved to be a significant and independent indicator of the long-term effects of tolvaptan.No correlation was found between the initial change in eGFR and the annual rate of percent growth in total kidney volume.
Background
Tolvaptan, the only pharmaceutical treatment available for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), reduced the rates of total kidney volume (TKV) increase and kidney function decline in patients with ADPKD in the global phase 3 Tolvaptan Efficacy and Safety in Management of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Its Outcomes (TEMPO) 3:4 study. Since tolvaptan initiation is associated with an initial decline in the eGFR, this post hoc analysis of the TEMPO 3:4 study investigated whether initial changes in eGFR from baseline to week 3 after tolvaptan administration can predict its longer-term effects on eGFR and TKV in patients with ADPKD.
Methods
eGFR was estimated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation at baseline and up to month 36. TKV was estimated using standardized kidney magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after 12, 24, and 36 months of tolvaptan treatment. The effect of tolvaptan on kidney function and kidney volume was evaluated by measuring changes in eGFR from week 3 and TKV from baseline up to 36 months. All 961 patients randomized to receive tolvaptan in TEMPO 3:4 were included in this analysis.
Results
Initial change in eGFR from baseline to week 3 was a significant and independent predictor of the mean rate of change in eGFR per year. By contrast, there was no association between initial change in eGFR and the rate of percent growth in TKV per year.
Conclusions
Changes in eGFR after 3 weeks of treatment are likely due to the pharmacologic effect of tolvaptan, and these initial changes are predictive of the long-term effects of tolvaptan treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Toshiki Tanaka
- Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huan Jiang
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey
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Li P, Cui Y, Xu X, Dong J, Liao L. Cardiorenal Benefits of Finerenone in Different Races and Kidney Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Cardiorenal Med 2024; 14:227-234. [PMID: 38537621 DOI: 10.1159/000538347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mineralocorticoid receptor plays an important pathophysiological role in cardiorenal diseases by causing inflammation and fibrosis. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are well known in treating cardiovascular disease and diverse nephropathies. However, the first-generation MRA (spironolactone) and the second-generation MRA (eplerenone) remain underutilized because of the risk of inducing severe adverse events. As a selective nonsteroidal MRA, finerenone is safer and more effective and improves cardiorenal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the effect of finerenone on cardiorenal outcomes in patients of different races and kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) is unclear. SUMMARY In this review, we summarized the impact of finerenone on patients with CKD and T2DM from randomized controlled trials. The synthesis of published data aims to address the questions pertaining to the cardiorenal benefits of finerenone among various racial groups and different levels of kidney function. KEY MESSAGE Finerenone presents racial differences and effects associated with kidney function in CKD and T2DM patients. Due to the limited data for subgroups, it is prudent to approach the conclusion with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingjiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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7
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Brockmeyer M, Parco C, Vargas KG, Westenfeld R, Jung C, Kelm M, Roden M, Akbulut C, Schlesinger S, Wolff G, Kuss O. Absolute treatment effects of novel antidiabetic drugs on a composite renal outcome: meta-analysis of digitalized individual patient data. J Nephrol 2024; 37:309-321. [PMID: 38236473 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absolute treatment benefits-expressed as numbers needed to treat-of the glucose lowering and cardiovascular drugs, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on renal outcomes remain uncertain. With the present meta-analysis of digitalized individual patient data, we aimed to display and compare numbers needed to treat of both drugs on a composite renal outcome. METHODS From Kaplan-Meier plots of major cardiovascular outcome trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors vs. placebo, we digitalized individual patient time-to-event information on composite renal outcomes with WebPlotDigitizer 4.2; numbers needed to treat from individual cardiovascular outcome trials were estimated using parametric Weibull regression models and compared to original data. Random-effects meta-analysis generated meta-numbers needed to treat with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Twelve cardiovascular outcome trials (three for GLP-1 receptor agonists, nine for SGLT2 inhibitors) comprising 90,865 participants were included. Eight trials were conducted in primary type 2 diabetes populations, two in a primary heart failure and two in a primary chronic kidney disease population. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline ranged between 37.3 and 85.3 ml/min/1.73 m2. Meta-analyses estimated meta-numbers needed to treat of 85 (95% CI 60; 145) for GLP-1 receptor agonists and 104 (95% CI 81; 147) for SGLT2 inhibitors for the composite renal outcome at the overall median follow-up time of 36 months. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis of digitalized individual patient data revealed moderate and similar absolute treatment benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors compared to placebo for a composite renal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Brockmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudio Parco
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kris Gregory Vargas
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ralf Westenfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cihan Akbulut
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Wolff
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Conservative Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Oliver Kuss
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Demiray A, Ozan R, Özaytürk SG, İmamoğlu H, Zararsız G, Sipahioğlu MH, Tokgöz B, Elçik D, Koçyiğit İ. Evaluation of the Renal and Cardiovascular Effects of Long-Term Tolvaptan Treatment in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Cardiorenal Med 2024; 14:167-177. [PMID: 38423003 DOI: 10.1159/000538098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of tolvaptan on the kidneys and heart in rapidly progressing ADPKD. METHODS Among 354 patients diagnosed with ADPKD, 58 meeting the eligibility criteria for tolvaptan were included in the study. The study comprised two groups with similar demographic and clinical characteristics: 29 patients receiving tolvaptan treatment and 29 in the control group. Several included genetic analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiography. Clinical and cardiac changes were recorded in both groups after a 3-year follow-up. RESULTS Tolvaptan treatment demonstrated a significant reduction in the rate of eGFR decline compared to the control group. Furthermore, it was observed that tolvaptan could prevent the development of cardiac arrhythmias by inhibiting an increase in QTc interval and heart rate. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, in addition to slowing kidney progression in ADPKD management, tolvaptan may potentially benefit in preventing cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alparslan Demiray
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Ozan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Salih Güntuğ Özaytürk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hakan İmamoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökmen Zararsız
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Bülent Tokgöz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Deniz Elçik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İsmail Koçyiğit
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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9
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Liberona J, Araos P, Rodríguez M, León P, Stutzin A, Alzamora R, Michea L. Low-Chloride Diet Prevents the Development of Arterial Hypertension and Protects Kidney Function in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice. Kidney Blood Press Res 2024; 49:114-123. [PMID: 38246148 DOI: 10.1159/000535728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A comprehensive pathophysiological mechanism to explain the relationship between high-salt intake and hypertension remains undefined. Evidence suggests that chloride, as the accompanying anion of sodium in dietary salt, is necessary to develop hypertension. We evaluated whether reducing dietary Cl- while keeping a standard Na+ intake modified blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, renal function, and vascular contractility after angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. METHODS C56BL/6J mice fed with standard Cl- diet or a low-Cl- diet (equimolar substitution of Cl- by a mixture of Na+ salts, both diets with standard Na+ content) received AngII (infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 14 days. We measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), natriuretic response to acute saline load, and contractility of aortic rings from mice infused with vehicle and AngII, in standard and low-Cl- diet. RESULTS The mice fed the standard diet presented increased SBP and cardiac hypertrophy after AngII infusion. In contrast, low-Cl- diet prevented the increase of SBP and cardiac hypertrophy. AngII-infused mice fed a standard diet presented hampered natriuretic response to saline load, meanwhile the low-Cl- diet preserved natriuretic response in AngII-infused mice, without change in GFR. Aortic rings from mice fed with standard diet or low-Cl- diet and infused with AngII presented a similar contractile response. CONCLUSION We conclude that the reduction in dietary Cl- as the accompanying anion of sodium in salt is protective from AngII pro-hypertensive actions due to a beneficial effect on kidney function and preserved natriuresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Liberona
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Patricio Araos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo León
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Stutzin
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Alzamora
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Medicina Perioperatoria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Michea
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina Interna Norte, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Okawa MC, Cochran E, Lightbourne M, Brown RJ. Long-Term Effects of Metreleptin in Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome on Glycemia, Growth, and Kidney Function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1032-e1046. [PMID: 34718628 PMCID: PMC8852213 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (RMS) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the insulin receptor gene (INSR) leading to insulin-resistant diabetes, microvascular complications, and growth hormone resistance with short stature. Small, uncontrolled studies suggest that 1-year treatment with recombinant leptin (metreleptin) improves glycemia in RMS. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine effects of long-term metreleptin in RMS on glycemia, anthropometrics, the growth hormone axis, and kidney function. METHODS We compared RMS patients during nonrandomized open-label treatment with metreleptin (≥ 0.15 mg/kg/day) vs no metreleptin over 90 months (5 subjects in both groups at different times, 4 only in metreleptin group, 2 only in control group). Main outcome measures were A1c; glucose; insulin; 24-hour urine glucose; standard deviation scores (SDS) for height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); growth hormone; and estimated glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS Over time, metreleptin-treated subjects maintained 1.8 percentage point lower A1c vs controls (P = 0.007), which remained significant after accounting for changes in insulin doses. Metreleptin-treated subjects had a reduction in BMI SDS, which predicted decreased A1c. Growth hormone increased after metreleptin treatment vs control, with no difference in SDS between groups for IGF-1 or height. Reduced BMI predicted higher growth hormone, while reduced A1c predicted higher IGF-1. CONCLUSION Metreleptin alters the natural history of rising A1c in RMS, leading to lower A1c throughout long-term follow-up. Improved glycemia with metreleptin is likely attributable to appetite suppression and lower BMI SDS. Lower BMI after metreleptin may also worsen growth hormone resistance in RMS, resulting in a null effect on IGF-1 and growth despite improved glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinna C Okawa
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elaine Cochran
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marissa Lightbourne
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: Rebecca J. Brown, MD, MHSc, Building 10-CRC, Room 6-5942, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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11
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Neuen BL, Tighiouart H, Heerspink HJ, Vonesh EF, Chaudhari J, Miao S, Chan TM, Fervenza FC, Floege J, Goicoechea M, Herrington WG, Imai E, Jafar TH, Lewis JB, Li PKT, Locatelli F, Maes BD, Perrone RD, Praga M, Perna A, Schena FP, Wanner C, Wetzels JF, Woodward M, Xie D, Greene T, Inker LA. Acute Treatment Effects on GFR in Randomized Clinical Trials of Kidney Disease Progression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:291-303. [PMID: 34862238 PMCID: PMC8819983 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute changes in GFR can occur after initiation of interventions targeting progression of CKD. These acute changes complicate the interpretation of long-term treatment effects. METHODS To assess the magnitude and consistency of acute effects in randomized clinical trials and explore factors that might affect them, we performed a meta-analysis of 53 randomized clinical trials for CKD progression, enrolling 56,413 participants with at least one estimated GFR measurement by 6 months after randomization. We defined acute treatment effects as the mean difference in GFR slope from baseline to 3 months between randomized groups. We performed univariable and multivariable metaregression to assess the effect of intervention type, disease state, baseline GFR, and albuminuria on the magnitude of acute effects. RESULTS The mean acute effect across all studies was -0.21 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (95% confidence interval, -0.63 to 0.22) over 3 months, with substantial heterogeneity across interventions (95% coverage interval across studies, -2.50 to +2.08 ml/min per 1.73 m2). We observed negative average acute effects in renin angiotensin system blockade, BP lowering, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor trials, and positive acute effects in trials of immunosuppressive agents. Larger negative acute effects were observed in trials with a higher mean baseline GFR. CONCLUSION The magnitude and consistency of acute GFR effects vary across different interventions, and are larger at higher baseline GFR. Understanding the nature and magnitude of acute effects can help inform the optimal design of randomized clinical trials evaluating disease progression in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon L. Neuen
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hocine Tighiouart
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiddo J.L. Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Edward F. Vonesh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Juhi Chaudhari
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shiyuan Miao
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Fernando C. Fervenza
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marian Goicoechea
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - William G. Herrington
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enyu Imai
- Nakayamadera Imai Clinic, Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Tazeen H. Jafar
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julia B. Lewis
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | - Bart D. Maes
- Department of Nephrology, AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium
| | | | - Manuel Praga
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annalisa Perna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Schena
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jack F.M. Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Di Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tom Greene
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lesley A. Inker
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Oka T, Sakaguchi Y, Hattori K, Asahina Y, Kajimoto S, Doi Y, Kaimori JY, Isaka Y. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Use and Hard Renal Outcomes in Real-World Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Hypertension 2022; 79:679-689. [PMID: 35026955 PMCID: PMC8823908 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-world evidence about mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) use has been limited in chronic kidney disease, particularly regarding its association with hard renal outcomes. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, adult chronic kidney disease outpatients referred to the department of nephrology at an academic hospital between January 2005 and December 2018 were analyzed. The main inclusion criteria were estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥10 and <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and follow-up ≥90 days. The exposure of interest was MRA use, defined as the administration of spironolactone, eplerenone, or potassium canrenoate. The primary outcome was renal replacement therapy initiation, defined as the initiation of chronic hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation. A marginal structural model using inverse probability of weighting was applied to account for potential time-varying confounders. RESULTS Among a total of 3195 patients, the median age and estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline were 66 years and 38.4 mL/min per 1.73 m2, respectively. During follow-up (median, 5.9 years), 770 patients received MRAs, 211 died, and 478 started renal replacement therapy. In an inverse probability of weighting-weighted pooled logistic regression model, MRA use was significantly associated with a 28%-lower rate of renal replacement therapy initiation (hazard ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.53-0.98]). The association between MRA use and renal replacement therapy initiation was dose-dependent (P for trend <0.01) and consistent across patient subgroups. The incidence of hyperkalemia (>5.5 mEq/L) was somewhat higher in MRA users but not significant (hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.88-1.48]). CONCLUSIONS MRA users showed a better renal prognosis across various chronic kidney disease subgroups in a real-world chronic kidney disease population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsufumi Oka
- Department of Nephrology (T.O., K.H., Y.A., S.K., Y.D., Y.I.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakaguchi
- Department of Inter-Organ Communication Research in Kidney Disease (Y.S., J.-Y.K.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koki Hattori
- Department of Nephrology (T.O., K.H., Y.A., S.K., Y.D., Y.I.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Asahina
- Department of Nephrology (T.O., K.H., Y.A., S.K., Y.D., Y.I.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachio Kajimoto
- Department of Nephrology (T.O., K.H., Y.A., S.K., Y.D., Y.I.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Doi
- Department of Nephrology (T.O., K.H., Y.A., S.K., Y.D., Y.I.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Kaimori
- Department of Inter-Organ Communication Research in Kidney Disease (Y.S., J.-Y.K.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology (T.O., K.H., Y.A., S.K., Y.D., Y.I.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Wada T, Mori‐Anai K, Kawaguchi Y, Katsumata H, Tsuda H, Iida M, Arakawa K, Jardine MJ. Renal, cardiovascular and safety outcomes of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy in East and South-East Asian countries: Results from the Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation Trial. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:54-64. [PMID: 34212533 PMCID: PMC8756319 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, canagliflozin, reduced kidney failure and cardiovascular events in the Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) trial. We carried out a post-hoc analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in a subgroup of participants in East and South-East Asian (EA) countries who are at high risk of renal complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio of >300-5,000 mg/g were randomized to 100 mg of canagliflozin or a placebo. The effects of canagliflozin treatment on pre-specified efficacy and safety outcomes were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression between participants from EA countries (China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea and Taiwan) and the remaining participants. RESULTS Of 4,401 participants, 604 (13.7%) were from EA countries; 301 and 303 were assigned to the canagliflozin and placebo groups, respectively. Canagliflozin lowered the risk of primary outcome (composite of end-stage kidney disease, doubling of serum creatinine level, or renal or cardiovascular death) in EA participants (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.84). The effects of canagliflozin on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in EA participants were generally similar to those of the remaining participants. Safety outcomes were similar between the EA and non-EA participants. CONCLUSIONS In the CREDENCE trial, the risk of renal and cardiovascular events was safely reduced in participants from EA countries at high risk of renal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Kazumi Mori‐Anai
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development DivisionMitsubishi Tanabe Pharma CorporationTokyoJapan
| | - Yutaka Kawaguchi
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development DivisionMitsubishi Tanabe Pharma CorporationTokyoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Katsumata
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development DivisionMitsubishi Tanabe Pharma CorporationOsakaJapan
| | - Hidetaka Tsuda
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development DivisionMitsubishi Tanabe Pharma CorporationTokyoJapan
| | - Mitsutaka Iida
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development DivisionMitsubishi Tanabe Pharma CorporationTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Arakawa
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development DivisionMitsubishi Tanabe Pharma CorporationTokyoJapan
| | - Meg J Jardine
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSWSydneyAustralia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CenterUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Concord Repatriation General HospitalSydneyAustralia
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14
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Pastor-Soler NM, Li H, Pham J, Rivera D, Ho PY, Mancino V, Saitta B, Hallows KR. Metformin improves relevant disease parameters in an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease mouse model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F27-F41. [PMID: 34806449 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00298.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), caused by mutations in the polycystin 1 (PKD1) or polycystin 2 genes, presents with progressive development of kidney cysts and eventual end-stage kidney disease with limited treatment options. Previous work has shown that metformin reduces cyst growth in rapid ADPKD mouse models via inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated fluid secretion, mammalian target of rapamycin, and cAMP pathways. The present study importantly tested the effectiveness of metformin as a therapy for ADPKD in a more clinically relevant Pkd1RC/RC mouse model, homozygous for the R3277C knockin point mutation in the Pkd1 gene. This mutation causes ADPKD in humans. Pkd1RC/RC male and female mice, which have a slow progression to end-stage kidney disease, received metformin (300 mg/kg/day in drinking water vs. water alone) from 3 to 9 or 12 mo of age. As previously reported, Pkd1RC/RC females had a more severe disease phenotype as compared with males. Metformin treatment reduced the ratio of total kidney weight-to-body weight relative to age-matched and sex-matched untreated controls at both 9 and 12 mo and reduced the cystic index in females at 9 mo. Metformin also increased glomerular filtration rate, lowered systolic blood pressure, improved anemia, and lowered blood urea nitrogen levels relative to controls in both sexes. Moreover, metformin reduced gene expression of key inflammatory markers and both gene and protein expression of kidney injury marker-1 and cyclin-dependent kinase-1 versus untreated controls. Altogether, these findings suggest several beneficial effects of metformin in this highly relevant slowly progressive ADPKD mouse model, which may help inform new ADPKD therapies in patients.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metformin treatment improved ADPKD disease severity in a relevant, slowly progressive ADPKD mouse model that recapitulates a PKD-associated PKD1 mutation. Relative to controls, metformin reduced kidney weight/body weight, cystic index and BUN levels, while improving GFR, blood pressure and anemia. Metformin also reduced key inflammatory and injury markers, along with cell proliferation markers. These findings suggest several beneficial effects of metformin in this ADPKD mouse model, which may help inform new ADPKD therapies in patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/prevention & control
- Male
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/drug therapy
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/metabolism
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/pathology
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/physiopathology
- Renal Agents/pharmacology
- TRPP Cation Channels/genetics
- Time Factors
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria M Pastor-Soler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jessica Pham
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Rivera
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pei-Yin Ho
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Valeria Mancino
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Biagio Saitta
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Little evidence has been available to support the use of thiazide diuretics to treat hypertension in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease and poorly controlled hypertension, as confirmed by 24-hour ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring, in a 1:1 ratio to receive chlorthalidone at an initial dose of 12.5 mg per day, with increases every 4 weeks if needed to a maximum dose of 50 mg per day, or placebo; randomization was stratified according to previous use of loop diuretics. The primary outcome was the change in 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure from baseline to 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were the change from baseline to 12 weeks in the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level, plasma renin and aldosterone levels, and total body volume. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 160 patients underwent randomization, of whom 121 (76%) had diabetes mellitus and 96 (60%) were receiving loop diuretics. At baseline, the mean (±SD) estimated glomerular filtration rate was 23.2±4.2 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and the mean number of antihypertensive medications prescribed was 3.4±1.4. At randomization, the mean 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure was 142.6±8.1 mm Hg in the chlorthalidone group and 140.1±8.1 mm Hg in the placebo group and the mean 24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure was 74.6±10.1 mm Hg and 72.8±9.3 mm Hg, respectively. The adjusted change in 24-hour systolic blood pressure from baseline to 12 weeks was -11.0 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], -13.9 to -8.1) in the chlorthalidone group and -0.5 mm Hg (95% CI, -3.5 to 2.5) in the placebo group. The between-group difference was -10.5 mm Hg (95% CI, -14.6 to -6.4) (P<0.001). The percent change in the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio from baseline to 12 weeks was lower in the chlorthalidone group than in the placebo group by 50 percentage points (95% CI, 37 to 60). Hypokalemia, reversible increases in serum creatinine level, hyperglycemia, dizziness, and hyperuricemia occurred more frequently in the chlorthalidone group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and poorly controlled hypertension, chlorthalidone therapy improved blood-pressure control at 12 weeks as compared with placebo. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Indiana Institute of Medical Research; CLICK ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02841280.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Agarwal
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and the Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health (F.O., W.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute (W.T.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Arjun D Sinha
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and the Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health (F.O., W.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute (W.T.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Andrew E Cramer
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and the Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health (F.O., W.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute (W.T.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Mary Balmes-Fenwick
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and the Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health (F.O., W.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute (W.T.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Jazmyn H Dickinson
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and the Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health (F.O., W.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute (W.T.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Fangqian Ouyang
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and the Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health (F.O., W.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute (W.T.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Wanzhu Tu
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and the Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health (F.O., W.T.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.A., A.D.S., A.E.C., M.B.-F., J.H.D.), and Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute (W.T.) - all in Indianapolis
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ERGÜN B, AYBAL KUTLUGÜN A, ERGÜN MÇ, AKTÜRK G, BEYAN E. Investigation of the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on anemia in patients with normal or mildly low glomerular filtration rate. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:3047-3052. [PMID: 34519192 PMCID: PMC10734815 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2104-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The relationship between the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and the increase in erythropoiesis has been shown in many studies. In addition, the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) has been reported to reduce hemoglobin levels in various patient groups at risk for secondary erythrocytosis/polycythemia. The aim of our study is to investigate whether there is a change in hemoglobin levels after starting ACEIs or ARBs in patients who have not used them before. Materials and methods Three hundred and fifty-one patients who were started on renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers were evaluated retrospectively. None of the patients had anemia before starting RAAS blockers. A median of 6 (4–12) months after the start of the drug, complete blood count and kidney function tests were evaluated. Hemoglobin values before and after the start of the drug were compared statistically. Results A statistically significant decrease in mean Hb value was found after starting ACEIs or ARBs (14.39± 1.29 g/dL vs 13.98 ± 1.36 g/dL, p < 0.001). The decrease in control Hb values was higher in the ARB group than in the ACEI group (–0.53 ± 0.06 g/dL vs –0.29 ± 0.06 g/dL, p < 0.001). Conclusion A significant decrease in mean Hb level was detected in the first year following the first administration of ACEIs or ARBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül ERGÜN
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science University, Keçioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Aysun AYBAL KUTLUGÜN
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science University, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çağrı ERGÜN
- Division of Rheumatology, Deparrtment of Internal Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Konya,
Turkey
| | - Galip AKTÜRK
- Department of Internal Medicine, Polatlı Duatepe Hospital, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Esin BEYAN
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science University, Keçioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara,
Turkey
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Moreno-Gordaliza E, Marazuela MD, Pastor Ó, Lázaro A, Gómez-Gómez MM. Lipidomics Reveals Cisplatin-Induced Renal Lipid Alterations during Acute Kidney Injury and Their Attenuation by Cilastatin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212521. [PMID: 34830406 PMCID: PMC8622622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a major complication of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, leading to acute kidney injury in ca. 30% of patients, with no preventive intervention or treatment available for clinical use. Cilastatin has proved to exert a nephroprotective effect for cisplatin therapies in in vitro and in vivo models, having recently entered clinical trials. A deeper understanding at the molecular level of cisplatin-induced renal damage and the effect of potential protective agents could be key to develop successful nephroprotective therapies and to establish new biomarkers of renal damage and nephroprotection. A targeted lipidomics approach, using LC-MS/MS, was employed for the quantification of 108 lipid species (comprising phospholipids, sphingolipids, and free and esterified cholesterol) in kidney cortex and medulla extracts from rats treated with cisplatin and/or cilastatin. Up to 56 and 63 lipid species were found to be altered in the cortex and medulla, respectively, after cisplatin treatment. Co-treatment with cilastatin attenuated many of these lipid changes, either totally or partially with respect to control levels. Multivariate analysis revealed that lipid species can be used to discriminate renal damage and nephroprotection, with cholesterol esters being the most discriminating species, along with sulfatides and phospholipids. Potential diagnostic biomarkers of cisplatin-induced renal damage and cilastatin nephroprotection were also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Moreno-Gordaliza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.M.); (M.M.G.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Dolores Marazuela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.M.); (M.M.G.-G.)
| | - Óscar Pastor
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, UCA-CCM, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alberto Lázaro
- Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Milagros Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.M.); (M.M.G.-G.)
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18
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Jongs N, Greene T, Chertow GM, McMurray JJV, Langkilde AM, Correa-Rotter R, Rossing P, Sjöström CD, Stefansson BV, Toto RD, Wheeler DC, Heerspink HJL. Effect of dapagliflozin on urinary albumin excretion in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without type 2 diabetes: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:755-766. [PMID: 34619106 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reductions in albuminuria are associated with a subsequent lower risk of kidney failure in patients with chronic kidney disease. The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin significantly reduced albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal or near-normal kidney function. Whether this effect persists in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without type 2 diabetes is unknown. We assessed the effects of dapagliflozin on albuminuria in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without type 2 diabetes in the dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (DAPA-CKD) trial. METHODS DAPA-CKD was a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial done at 386 sites in 21 countries. Patients were eligible for the trial if they had chronic kidney disease, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 25 mL/min per 1·73 m2 and 75 mL/min per 1·73 m2 and a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) between 200 mg/g and 5000 mg/g (22·6 to 565·6 mg/mmol). Participants were randomly assigned to dapagliflozin 10 mg (AstraZeneca; Gothenburg, Sweden) once daily or matching placebo, in accordance with the sequestered, fixed randomisation schedule, using balanced blocks to ensure an approximate 1:1 ratio. Change in albuminuria was a pre-specified exploratory outcome of DAPA-CKD. Regression in UACR stage, defined as a transition from macroalbuminuria (≥300 mg/g) to microalbuminuria or normoalbuminuria (<300 mg/g), and progression in UACR stage, defined as a transition from less than 3000 mg/g to 3000 mg/g or greater, were additional discrete endpoints. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03036150. FINDINGS Between Feb 2, 2017, and April 3, 2020, 4304 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either dapagliflozin (n=2152) or placebo (n=2152). Median UACR was 949 mg/g (IQR 477 to 1885). Overall, compared with placebo, dapagliflozin reduced geometric mean UACR by 29·3% (95% CI -33·1 to -25·2; p<0·0001); relative to placebo, treatment with dapagliflozin resulted in a geometric mean percentage change of -35·1% (95% CI -39·4 to -30·6; p<0·0001) in patients with type 2 diabetes and -14·8% (-22·9 to -5·9; p=0·0016) in patients without type 2 diabetes over the follow-up visits (pinteraction<0·0001) Among 3860 patients with UACR of 300 mg/g or greater at baseline, dapagliflozin increased the likelihood of regression in UACR stage (hazard ratio 1·81, 95% CI 1·60 to 2·05). Among 3820 patients with UACR less than 3000 mg/g at baseline, dapagliflozin decreased the risk of progression in UACR stage (0·41, 0·32 to 0·52). Larger reductions in UACR at day 14 during dapagliflozin treatment were significantly associated with attenuated eGFR decline during subsequent follow-up (β per log unit UACR change -3·06, 95% CI -5·20 to -0·90; p=0·0056). INTERPRETATION In patients with chronic kidney disease with and without type 2 diabetes, dapagliflozin significantly reduced albuminuria, with a larger relative reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes. The similar effects of dapagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with or without type 2 diabetes, but different effects on UACR, suggest that part of the protective effect of dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease might be mediated through pathways unrelated to reduction in albuminuria. FUNDING AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Jongs
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tom Greene
- Study Design and Biostatistics Center, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Glenn M Chertow
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John J V McMurray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Maria Langkilde
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Correa-Rotter
- The National Medical Science and Nutrition Institute Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C David Sjöström
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bergur V Stefansson
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert D Toto
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David C Wheeler
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Jiménez-Blanco Bravo M, Valle A, Gayán Ordás J, Del Prado Díaz S, Cordero Pereda D, Morillas Climent H, Bascompte Claret R, Seller Moya J, Zamorano Gómez JL, Alonso Salinas GL. Safety and Efficacy of the Combination of Sacubitril/Valsartan and SGLT2i in HFrEF Patients (SECSI Registry). J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:e662-e668. [PMID: 34321396 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent studies have proven benefit of SGLT2i drugs in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but their safety when combined with angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) has not been established. The Safety and Efficacy of the Combination of Sacubitril/Valsartan and SGLT2i in HFrEF Patients registry was conducted to address this issue. SECSI registry is a consecutive, observational, retrospective, multicentre study conducted in 3 Heart Failure Units in Spain. It included 144 HFrEF patients who were treated with ARNI and iSGLT2. Data were collected at baseline, month 2, and month 6. The primary endpoint was the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), after the initiation of ARNI and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Secondary endpoints included potassium levels and functional class (New York Heart Association class). There were 3 prespecified subgroup analyses: Elderly patients (≥70 years), patients with chronic kidney disease (KDIGO classification G3), and the sequence of drug initiation. Mean age was 69.9 ± 10.1 years, and 110 (76.4%) were men. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 32 ± 7.8%, and most patients were symptomatic [123 (87.2%) New York Heart Association II/III/IV]. eGFR decreased at month 2 and this trend was maintained at month 6 [eGFR baseline 68.5 ± 17.3, month 2 62 ± 19.7 and month 6 64.7 ± 8.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.01 for both)]. In prespecified analysis, elder patients and those who simultaneously initiate both treatments showed the steeper decrease in eGFR. To conclude, co-administration of SGLT2i and ARNI in routine care in HFrEF patients produced a slight decrease in eGFR at 6 months of follow-up. This decrease was especially significant in elder patients and those who initiate both drugs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Valle
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de Dénia-Marina Salud, Dénia, Spain
| | - Jara Gayán Ordás
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | | | - David Cordero Pereda
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain ; and
| | | | - Ramón Bascompte Claret
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Zamorano Gómez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain ; and
| | - Gonzalo Luis Alonso Salinas
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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20
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Heerspink HJL, Jongs N, Chertow GM, Langkilde AM, McMurray JJV, Correa-Rotter R, Rossing P, Sjöström CD, Stefansson BV, Toto RD, Wheeler DC, Greene T. Effect of dapagliflozin on the rate of decline in kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without type 2 diabetes: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:743-754. [PMID: 34619108 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of kidney failure in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without type 2 diabetes in the DAPA-CKD trial. In this pre-specified analysis, we assessed the effect of dapagliflozin on the rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)-ie, the eGFR slope. METHODS DAPA-CKD was a randomised controlled trial that enrolled participants aged 18 years or older, with or without type 2 diabetes, with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 200-5000 mg/g, and an eGFR of 25-75 mL/min per 1·73m2. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to oral dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily or placebo, added to standard care. In this pre-specified analysis, we analysed eGFR slope using mixed-effect models with different slopes from baseline to week 2 (acute eGFR decline), week 2 to end of treatment (chronic eGFR slope), and baseline to end of treatment (total eGFR slope). DAPA-CKD is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03036150, and is now complete. FINDINGS Between Feb 2, 2017, and April 3, 2020, 4304 participants were recruited, of whom 2152 (50%) were assigned to dapagliflozin and 2152 (50%) were assigned to placebo. At baseline, the mean age was 62 years (SD 12), 1425 (33·1%) participants were women, 2906 (67·5%) participants had type 2 diabetes. The median on-treatment follow-up was 2·3 years (IQR 1·8-2·6). From baseline to the end of treatment, dapagliflozin compared with placebo slowed eGFR decline by 0·95 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 0·63 to 1·27) in the overall cohort. Between baseline and week 2, dapagliflozin compared with placebo resulted in an acute eGFR decline of 2·61 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (2·16 to 3·06) in patients with type 2 diabetes and 2·01 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (1·36 to 2·66) in those without type 2 diabetes. Between week 2 and end of treatment, dapagliflozin compared with placebo reduced the mean rate of eGFR decline by a greater amount in patients with type 2 diabetes (mean difference in chronic eGFR slope 2·26 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year [1·88 to 2·64]) than in those without type 2 diabetes (1·29 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year [0·73 to 1·85]; pinteraction=0·0049). Between baseline and end of treatment, the effect of dapagliflozin compared with placebo on the decline of total eGFR slope in patients with type 2 diabetes was 1·18 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (0·79 to 1·56) and without type 2 diabetes was 0·46 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (-0·10 to 1·03; pinteraction=0·040). The total eGFR slope was steeper in patients with higher baseline HbA1c and UACR; the effect of dapagliflozin on eGFR slope was also more pronounced in patients with higher baseline HbA1c and UACR. INTERPRETATION Dapagliflozin significantly slowed long-term eGFR decline in patients with chronic kidney disease compared with placebo. The mean difference in eGFR slope between patients treated with dapagliflozin versus placebo was greater in patients with type 2 diabetes, higher HbA1c, and higher UACR. FUNDING AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Niels Jongs
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Glenn M Chertow
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Maria Langkilde
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John J V McMurray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ricardo Correa-Rotter
- The National Medical Science and Nutrition Institute Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C David Sjöström
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bergur V Stefansson
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert D Toto
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David C Wheeler
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Greene
- Study Design and Biostatistics Center, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Packer M, Butler J, Zannad F, Pocock SJ, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Zeller C, Wanner C, Anker SD. Empagliflozin and Major Renal Outcomes in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1531-1533. [PMID: 34449179 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javed Butler
- University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS
| | | | - Stuart J Pocock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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22
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Lin CT, Chen TH, Yang CC, Luo KH, Chen TH, Chuang HY. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Gene Polymorphism May be a Modifier for Cadmium Kidney Toxicity. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101573. [PMID: 34680968 PMCID: PMC8535213 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of many studies indicate that cadmium (Cd) exposure is harmful to humans, with the proximal tubule of the kidney being the main target of Cd accumulation and toxicity. Studies have also shown that Cd has the effect of activating the pathway of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and cell growth. The EGFR is a family of transmembrane receptors, which are widely expressed in the human kidney. The aim of this study was to investigate the kidney function estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and its relationship with plasma Cd level and EGFR gene polymorphism. Using data from Academia Sinica Taiwan biobank, 489 subjects aged 30-70 years were analyzed. The demographic characteristics was determined from questionnaires, and biological sampling of urine and blood was determined from physical examination. Kidney function was assessed by the eGFR with CKD-EPI formula. Plasma Cd (ug/L) was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A total of 97 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the EGFR on the Taiwan biobank chip, however 4 SNPs did not pass the quality control. Multiple regression analyses were performed to achieve the study aim. The mean (±SD) plasma Cd level of the study subjects was 0.02 (±0.008) ug/L. After adjusting for confounding variables, rs13244925 AA, rs6948867 AA, rs35891645 TT and rs6593214 AA types had higher eGFR (4.89 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.035), 5.54 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.03), 4.96 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.048) and 5.16 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.048), respectively). Plasma cadmium and rs845555 had an interactive effect on eGFR. In conclusion, EGFR polymorphisms could be modifiers of Cd kidney toxicity, in which rs13244925 AA, rs6948867 AA, rs35891645 TT and rs6593214 AA may be protective, and Cd interacting with rs845555 may affect kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Lin
- Department of Public, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-T.L.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Ting-Hao Chen
- Department of Public, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-T.L.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Chen-Cheng Yang
- Departments of Occupational Medicine and Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Kuei-Hau Luo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Hua Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, and Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101 (ext. 6849)
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Abstract
Diabetes and its associated complications pose an immediate threat to humankind. Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most devastating complications, increasing the risk of death more than ten-fold over the general population. Until very recently, the only drugs proven and recommended to slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers, which act by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. Despite their efficacy as kidney and cardiovascular protective therapies and as antihypertensive agents, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors have been grossly underutilized. Moreover, even when renin-angiotensin system inhibitors are used, patients still have a high residual risk of diabetic kidney disease progression. Finally, the kidney-protective effect of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors has been categorically demonstrated only in patients with macroalbuminuria included in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT) and Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) trials, not in other individuals. The lack of new therapies to treat diabetic kidney disease over the past 2 decades has therefore represented a tremendous challenge for patients and health care providers alike. In recent years, a number of powerful new therapies have emerged that promise to transform care of patients with diabetes and kidney disease. The challenge to the community is to ensure rapid implementation of these treatments. This white paper highlights advances in treatment, opportunities for patients, challenges, and possible solutions to advance kidney health, and introduces the launch of the Diabetic Kidney Disease Collaborative at the American Society of Nephrology, to aid in accomplishing these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C. Brosius
- Division of Nephrology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - David Cherney
- Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patrick O. Gee
- Kidney Health Initiative's Patient and Family Partnership Council, Washington, DC
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alan S. Kliger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Katherine R. Tuttle
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, & Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington
| | - Susan E. Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute and the Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Zhou R, Fang Y, Wang C, Zhou S. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to augmented renal clearance among pediatricians in China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26889. [PMID: 34397910 PMCID: PMC8360415 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to assess pediatricians' knowledge of augmented renal clearance (ARC).We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 500 pediatricians from 16 tertiary hospitals in Anhui Province, China. Pediatricians provided demographic information and were asked questions about their knowledge of ARC, including risk factors, evaluation tools, and the impact on patient prognosis, with a focus on the attitude and practice of pediatricians related to adjusting vancomycin regimens when ARC occurs.A total of 491 valid questionnaires were finally included, only 276 pediatricians stated that they "know about ARC." Compared with the "do not know about ARC" group, the "know about ARC" group was younger (43.7 ± 8.0 vs 48.0 ± 7.9, P < .001), and their main source of ARC knowledge was from social networking platforms. A total of 193 (70%) chose at least 4 of the following factors as risk factors for children with ARC: severe trauma, sepsis, burns, major surgery, lower disease severity, and hematological malignancies. A total of 110 (40%) and 105 (38%) pediatricians chose the Schwartz formula and cystatin C, respectively, as the indicators to evaluate the renal function of ARC children. Concerning the estimated glomerular filtration rate threshold to identify ARC children, 201 (73%) pediatricians chose 130 mL/min/1.73 m2, while 55 (20%) chose "age-dependent ARC thresholds." Overall, 220 (80%) respondents indicated that ARC would impact the treatment effect of vancomycin, but 149/220 (68%) were willing to adjust the vancomycin regimen; only 22/149 (8%) considered that the dose should be increased, but no one knew how to increase. Regarding the prognosis of ARC children, all respondents chose "unclear."ARC is relatively common in critically ill children, but pediatricians do not know much about it, as most of the current knowledge is based on adult studies. Furthermore, ARC is often confused with acute kidney injury, which would lead to very serious treatment errors. Therefore, more pediatric studies about ARC are needed, and ARC should be written into official pediatric guidelines as soon as possible to provide reference for pediatricians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuting Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shusheng Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Nakagaito M, Imamura T, Joho S, Ushijima R, Nakamura M, Kinugawa K. Renoprotective effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes patients with decompensated heart failure. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:347. [PMID: 34289813 PMCID: PMC8296582 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) reduces the risk of the composite renal endpoint and weakens the progressive decline in renal function in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). However, a detailed mechanism of SGLT2i on renal function and outcome remains uninvestigated. METHODS We prospectively included 40 type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients (median 68 years old, 29 male) who were hospitalized for decompensated HF and received SGLT2i during the index hospitalization. Of them, 24 patients had increases in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 12-month follow-up and 16 had decreases in eGFR. We investigated the baseline factors associating with the improvement in renal function. RESULTS Lower plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level and the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASI) were independently associated with increases in eGFR during the follow-up period (p < 0.05 for both). Patients with both low plasma BNP levels and uses of RASI achieved significant increases in eGFR irrespective of the baseline HbA1c levels. CONCLUSIONS Lower plasma BNP level and the use of RASI at baseline were the key factors contributing to the renoprotective effects of SGLT2i among patients with decompensated HF and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teruhiko Imamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Shuji Joho
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ushijima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kinugawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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Hernandez AV, Bradley G, Khan M, Fratoni A, Gasparini A, Roman YM, Bunz TJ, Eriksson D, Meinecke AK, Coleman CI. Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin and renal outcomes in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2021; 6:301-307. [PMID: 31432074 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular calcification is common in diabetic patients. Warfarin has been associated with renovascular calcification and worsening renal function; rivaroxaban may provide renopreservation by decreasing vascular inflammation. We compared the impact of rivaroxaban and warfarin on renal outcomes in diabetic patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). METHODS AND RESULTS Using United States IBM MarketScan data from January 2011 to December 2017, we identified adults with both NVAF and diabetes, newly-initiated on rivaroxaban or warfarin with ≥12-month insurance coverage prior to anticoagulation initiation. Patients with Stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) or undergoing haemodialysis at baseline were excluded. Differences in baseline covariates between cohorts were adjusted using inverse probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity scores (absolute standardized differences <0.1 achieved for all after adjustment). Outcomes included incidence rates of emergency department/hospital admissions for acute kidney injury (AKI) and the composite of the development of Stage 5 CKD or need for haemodialysis. Patients were followed until an event, index anticoagulant discontinuation/switch, insurance disenrollment, or end-of-data availability. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression. We assessed 10 017 rivaroxaban (22.6% received a reduced dose) and 11 665 warfarin users. In comparison to warfarin, rivaroxaban was associated with lower risks of AKI (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74-0.92) and development of Stage 5 CKD or need for haemodialysis (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70-0.96). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses had similar effects as the base-case analysis. CONCLUSION Rivaroxaban appears to be associated with lower risks of undesirable renal outcomes vs. warfarin in diabetic NVAF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian V Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (USIL), Av. La Fontana 501, La Molina 00012, Lima, Peru
| | - George Bradley
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mohammad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Andrew Fratoni
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anna Gasparini
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yuani M Roman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
| | - Thomas J Bunz
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, New England Health Analytics, LLC, 54 Old Stagecoach Road, Granby, CT 06035, USA
| | - Daniel Eriksson
- Real-World Evidence Strategy and Outcomes Data Generation, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Craig I Coleman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
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Roszkowska-Chojecka MM, Baranowska I, Gawrys O, Sadowski J, Walkowska A, Kalisz M, Litwiniuk A, Kompanowska-Jezierska E. Role of chymase in blood pressure control, plasma and tissue angiotensin II, renal Haemodynamics, and excretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:392-401. [PMID: 33687310 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1890762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chymase generates angiotensin II (ANG II) independently of angiotensin-converting enzyme in tissues and it contributes to vascular remodeling and development of hypertension, however the exact mechanism of its action is unclear. Methods: Hence, the effects of chymase inhibition were examined in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in two stages of the disease development, ie. pre-hypertensive (SHR7) and with established hypertension (SHR16). Chymostatin, a commercial chymase inhibitor, was infused intravenously alone or in subsequent groups co-infused with captopril. Results: Mean blood pressure (MBP), total renal blood flow (RBF) and ANG II content (plasma and tissues) were measured. In SHR16 chymase blockade significantly decreased MBP (-6%) and plasma (-38%), kidney (-71%) and heart (-52%) ANG II levels. In SHR7 chymostatin did not influence MBP or RBF, but significantly decreased heart ANG II level. Conclusion: Jointly, functional studies and ANG II determinations support the evidence that in SHR chymase can raise plasma ANG II and contribute to blood pressure elevation. We propose that addition of chymase blockade to ACE inhibition could be a promising approach in the treatment of hypertensive patients resistant to therapy with ACE-inhibitors alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina M Roszkowska-Chojecka
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Baranowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Gawrys
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Walkowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kalisz
- Department of Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Litwiniuk
- Department of Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Maurel P, Prémaud A, Carrier P, Essig M, Barbier L, Rousseau A, Silvain C, Causse X, Debette-Gratien M, Jacques J, Marquet P, Salamé E, Loustaud-Ratti V. Evaluation of Longitudinal Exposure to Tacrolimus as a Risk Factor of Chronic Kidney Disease Occurrence Within the First-year Post-Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2021; 105:1585-1594. [PMID: 32639405 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal failure is predictive of mortality in the early postliver-transplantation period and calcineurin inhibitors toxicity is a main challenge. Our aim is to assess the impact of longitudinal tacrolimus exposure (TLE) and other variables on chronic kidney disease (CKD)-free 1-year-survival. METHODS Retrospective data of consecutive patients transplanted between 2011 and 2016 and treated with tacrolimus were collected. TLE and all relevant pre- and post-liver transplantation (LT) predictive factors of CKD were tested and included in a time-to-event model. CKD was defined by repeated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values below 60 mL/min/1.73m2 at least for the last 3 months before M12 post-LT. RESULTS Data from 180 patients were analyzed. CKD-free survival was 74.5% and was not associated with TLE. Pre-LT acute kidney injury (AKI) and eGFR at 1-month post-LT (eGFRM1) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 were significant predictors of CKD. By distinguishing 2 situations within AKI (ie, with or without hepatorenal syndrome [HRS]), only HRS-AKI remained associated to CKD. HRS-AKI and eGFRM1 <60 mL/min/1.73m2 increased the risk of CKD (hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.9; hazard ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-8.8, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In our study, TLE, unlike HRS-AKI and eGFRM1, was not predictive of CKD-free survival at 1-year post-LT. Our results once again question the reversibility of HRS-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Maurel
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Aurélie Prémaud
- INSERM U1248, University of Limoges, F-87000, Limoges, France
- FHU SUPORT: University Hospital Federation SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation, Limoges, F-87000, Tours, F-30000, Poitiers F-86000, Orléans F-45000, France
| | - Paul Carrier
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
- INSERM U1248, University of Limoges, F-87000, Limoges, France
- FHU SUPORT: University Hospital Federation SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation, Limoges, F-87000, Tours, F-30000, Poitiers F-86000, Orléans F-45000, France
| | - Marie Essig
- INSERM U1248, University of Limoges, F-87000, Limoges, France
- FHU SUPORT: University Hospital Federation SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation, Limoges, F-87000, Tours, F-30000, Poitiers F-86000, Orléans F-45000, France
| | - Louise Barbier
- FHU SUPORT: University Hospital Federation SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation, Limoges, F-87000, Tours, F-30000, Poitiers F-86000, Orléans F-45000, France
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Trousseau University Hospital, Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - Annick Rousseau
- INSERM U1248, University of Limoges, F-87000, Limoges, France
- FHU SUPORT: University Hospital Federation SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation, Limoges, F-87000, Tours, F-30000, Poitiers F-86000, Orléans F-45000, France
| | - Christine Silvain
- FHU SUPORT: University Hospital Federation SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation, Limoges, F-87000, Tours, F-30000, Poitiers F-86000, Orléans F-45000, France
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Xavier Causse
- FHU SUPORT: University Hospital Federation SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation, Limoges, F-87000, Tours, F-30000, Poitiers F-86000, Orléans F-45000, France
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Regional Hospital Center of Orléans, Orléans La Source, France
| | - Marilyne Debette-Gratien
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
- INSERM U1248, University of Limoges, F-87000, Limoges, France
- FHU SUPORT: University Hospital Federation SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation, Limoges, F-87000, Tours, F-30000, Poitiers F-86000, Orléans F-45000, France
| | - Jérémie Jacques
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Marquet
- INSERM U1248, University of Limoges, F-87000, Limoges, France
- FHU SUPORT: University Hospital Federation SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation, Limoges, F-87000, Tours, F-30000, Poitiers F-86000, Orléans F-45000, France
| | - Ephrem Salamé
- FHU SUPORT: University Hospital Federation SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation, Limoges, F-87000, Tours, F-30000, Poitiers F-86000, Orléans F-45000, France
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Trousseau University Hospital, Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - Véronique Loustaud-Ratti
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
- INSERM U1248, University of Limoges, F-87000, Limoges, France
- FHU SUPORT: University Hospital Federation SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation, Limoges, F-87000, Tours, F-30000, Poitiers F-86000, Orléans F-45000, France
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Lee SG, Jeng LB, Saliba F, Singh Soin A, Lee WC, De Simone P, Nevens F, Suh KS, Fischer L, Jin Joo D, Fung J, Joh JW, Kaido T, Grant D, Meier M, Rauer B, Sips C, Kaneko S, Levy G. Efficacy and Safety of Everolimus With Reduced Tacrolimus in Liver Transplant Recipients: 24-month Results From the Pooled Analysis of 2 Randomized Controlled Trials. Transplantation 2021; 105:1564-1575. [PMID: 33741847 PMCID: PMC8221719 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Data from 2 randomized liver transplant trials (N = 772; H2304 [deceased donor, n = 488], H2307 [living donor, n = 284]) were pooled to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of everolimus with reduced tacrolimus (EVR + rTAC) versus standard tacrolimus (sTAC) regimen at month 24. RESULTS EVR + rTAC was comparable to sTAC for composite efficacy failure of treated biopsy-proven acute rejection, graft loss, or death (9.8% versus 10.8%; difference, -1.0%; 95% confidence interval, -5.4 to 3.4; P = 0.641) at month 24. EVR + rTAC was superior to sTAC for the mean change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from randomization to month 24 (-8.37 versus -13.40 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.001). A subanalysis of renal function by chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage at randomization showed significantly lower decline in eGFR from randomization to month 24 for patients with CKD stage 1/2 (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in EVR + rTAC group versus sTAC (-12.82 versus -17.67 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.009). In patients transplanted for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond Milan criteria, HCC recurrence was numerically lower although not statistically significant with EVR + rTAC versus sTAC group (5.9% [1 of 17] versus 23.1% [6 of 26], P = 0.215), while comparable in patients within Milan criteria (2.9% [3 of 102] versus 2.1% [2 of 96], P = 1.000), irrespective of pretransplant alpha-fetoprotein levels. CONCLUSIONS EVR + rTAC versus sTAC showed comparable efficacy and safety with significantly better renal function, particularly in patients with normal/mildly decreased renal function (CKD stage 1/2) at randomization and a trend toward lower HCC recurrence in patients transplanted with HCC beyond Milan at month 24. Further long-term data would be required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gyu Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Faouzi Saliba
- AP-HPHôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif; Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM Unit 935, and 1193, France
| | | | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Lin-Ko, Taiwan
| | | | - Frederik Nevens
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kyung-Suk Suh
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lutz Fischer
- University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dong Jin Joo
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John Fung
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jae-Won Joh
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary Levy
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Hakim EM, Sivak KV, Kaukhova IE. Evaluation of the diuretic effect of crude ethanol and saponin-rich extracts of Herniaria glabra L. in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 273:113942. [PMID: 33610714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herniaria glabra L. popularly known in Morocco as "Herras lehjer" which means "Stonebreaker" in English is a plant that has been used in traditional medicine to treat edema, water retention, urinary diseases and renal problems including kidney stones. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to investigate the diuretic activity of the crude ethanol extract (CEE) and the saponin-rich extract (SRE) of the Herniaria glabra L. METHODS CEE and SRE were prepared using maceration. SRE was obtained after using the selective liquid-liquid extraction method with organic solvents. Control (normal saline, 10 ml/kg), reference drug (furosemide 10 mg/kg) and three different doses (10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) of the CEE and SRE were administered orally to male Wistar rats. The diuretic activity of the extracts was determined by measuring urine volume, urinary electrolyte and urine pH. The urine output measured at 5 h and 24 h, electrolyte concentration and pH were measured at 24 h duration. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's t-test. RESULTS The findings indicated that the CEE significantly increased diuresis at 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Moreover, the SRE showed significant diuretic effect at all doses. CEE at a dose of 200 mg/kg increases the volume of urine by 81%, while SRE at a dose of 200 mg/kg increases the volume of urine by 114%. SRE demonstrated at 200 mg/kg the highest diuretic properties comparable to the reference drug. Na+, K+ and Cl- urinary excretion was also significantly increased at 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of CEE and at all doses of SRE. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of the saponin aglycones, the main ones are medicagenic acid and oleanolic acid, their content in CEE 3.1 ± 0.4%, 2.4 ± 0.3% respectively and in SRE 7.9 ± 0.2%, 5.9 ± 0.3% respectively. Triterpenoid saponins could be responsible for the diuretic activity of Herniaria glabra. CONCLUSION This study could make it useful to develop a pharmaceutical product based on purified saponin-rich extract of Herniaria glabra L. as a diuretic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Mabrouki Hakim
- Department of Industrial Technology of Drugs, Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Russia.
| | - K V Sivak
- Department of Preclinical Trials, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - I E Kaukhova
- Department of Industrial Technology of Drugs, Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Russia
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Park HC, Cho AJ, Kim DH, Yun KS, Kim J, Lee EY, Jo SK, Lee SY, Han KH, Chang YK, Oh DJ, Lee YK. Effect of Renamezin upon attenuation of renal function decline in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: 24-week prospective observational cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252186. [PMID: 34097687 PMCID: PMC8183994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Renamezin® is a modified capsule-type oral spherical adsorptive carbon which lowers indoxyl sulfate levels in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). This 24-week prospective observational cohort study was performed to evaluate the effect of Renamezin® upon attenuation of renal function decline. A total of 1,149 adult patients with baseline serum creatinine 2.0–5.0 mg/dL were enrolled from 22 tertiary hospital in Korea from April 2016 to September 2018. Among them, a total of 686 patients completed the study and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 1,061 patients were included in the safety analysis. The mean age was 63.5 years and male patients were predominant (63.6%). Most of the patients (76.8%) demonstrated high compliance with study drug (6g per day). After 24 week of treatment, serum creatinine was increased from 2.86±0.72 mg/dL to 3.06±1.15 mg/dL (p<0.001), but estimated glomerular filtration rate was not changed significantly during observation period (22.3±6.8 mL/min/1.73m2 to 22.1±9.1 mL/min/1.73m2, p = 0.243). Patients with age over 65 years old and those under good systolic blood pressure control <130 mmHg were most likely to get benefit from Renamezin® treatment to preserve renal function. A total of 98 (9.2%) patients out of 1,061 safety population experienced 134 adverse events, of which gastrointestinal disorders were the most common. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events. Renamezin® can be used safely to attenuate renal function decline in moderately advanced CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayne Cho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - AJin Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-sang Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sang Kyung Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kum Hyun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young-Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Hallym University Kidney Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Hare GMT, Zhang Y, Chin K, Thai K, Jacobs E, Cazorla‐Bak MP, Nghiem L, Wilson DF, Vinogradov SA, Connelly KA, Mazer CD, Evans RG, Gilbert RE. Impact of sodium glucose linked cotransporter-2 inhibition on renal microvascular oxygen tension in a rodent model of diabetes mellitus. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14890. [PMID: 34184431 PMCID: PMC8239445 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms whereby inhibitors of sodium-glucose linked cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) exert their nephroprotective effects in patients with diabetes are incompletely understood but have been hypothesized to include improved tissue oxygen tension within the renal cortex. The impact of SGLT2 inhibition is likely complex and region specific within the kidney. We hypothesize that SGLT2 inhibitors have differential effects on renal tissue oxygen delivery and consumption in specific regions of the diabetic kidney, including the superficial cortex, containing SGLT2-rich components of proximal tubules, versus the deeper cortex and outer medulla, containing predominantly SGLT1 receptors. METHODS We measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR), microvascular kidney oxygen tension (Pk O2 ), erythropoietin (EPO) mRNA, and reticulocyte count in diabetic rats (streptozotocin) treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin. Utilizing phosphorescence quenching by oxygen and an intravascular oxygen sensitive probe (Oxyphor PdG4); we explored the effects of SGLT2 inhibition on Pk O2 in a region-specific manner, in vivo, in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Superficial renal cortical or deeper cortical and outer medullary Pk O2 were measured utilizing excitations with blue and red light wavelengths, respectively. RESULTS In diabetic rats treated with dapagliflozin, measurement within the superficial cortex (blue light) demonstrated no change in Pk O2 . By contrast, measurements in the deeper cortex and outer medulla (red light) demonstrated a significant reduction in Pk O2 in dapagliflozin treated diabetic rats (p = 0.014). Consistent with these findings, GFR was decreased, hypoxia-responsive EPO mRNA levels were elevated and reticulocyte counts were increased with SGLT2 inhibition in diabetic rats (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that microvascular kidney oxygen tension is maintained in the superficial cortex but reduced in deeper cortical and outer medullary tissue, possibly due to the regional impact of SGLT-2 inhibition on tissue metabolism. This reduction in deeper Pk O2 had biological impact as demonstrated by increased renal EPO mRNA levels and circulating reticulocyte count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. T. Hare
- Department of AnesthesiaSt. Michael's HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoONCanada
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoONCanada
| | - Kyle Chin
- Department of AnesthesiaSt. Michael's HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Kerri Thai
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoONCanada
| | - Evelyn Jacobs
- Department of AnesthesiaSt. Michael's HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Melina P. Cazorla‐Bak
- Department of AnesthesiaSt. Michael's HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Linda Nghiem
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoONCanada
| | - David F. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsSchool of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsSchool of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kim A. Connelly
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoONCanada
- Department of MedicineDivision of CardiologySt. Michael's HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - C. David Mazer
- Department of AnesthesiaSt. Michael's HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoONCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Roger G. Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of PhysiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Richard E. Gilbert
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoONCanada
- Department of MedicineDivision of EndocrinologySt. Michael's HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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Xie Y, Bowe B, Gibson AK, McGill JB, Maddukuri G, Al‐Aly Z. Clinical Implications of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Dip Following Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Initiation on Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020237. [PMID: 34013739 PMCID: PMC8483543 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The frequency of the initial short-term decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), eGFR dip, following initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and its clinical implications in real-world practice are not clear. Methods and Results We built a cohort of 36 638 new users of SGLT2i and 209 025 new users of other antihyperglycemics. Inverse probability weighting was used to estimate the excess rate of eGFR dip, risk of the composite cardiovascular outcome of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, or all-cause mortality, and risk of the composite kidney outcome of eGFR decline >50%, end-stage kidney disease, or all-cause mortality. In the first 6 months of therapy, compared with other antihyperglycemics, excess rates of eGFR dip >10% and eGFR dip >30% were 9.86 (95% CI: 8.83-11.00) and 1.15 (0.70-1.62) per 100 SGLT2i users, respectively. In mediation analyses that accounted for eGFR dipping, SGLT2i use was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes (hazard ratio, 0.92 [0.84-0.99] and 0.78 [0.71-0.87], respectively); the magnitude of the association reduced by eGFR dipping was small for both outcomes. SGLT2i was associated with reduced risk of both outcomes in those with higher than average probability of eGFR dip >10% or 30%. Compared with discontinuation, continued use of SGLT2i at 6 months was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in those with no eGFR dip or eGFR dip ≤10%, in those with eGFR dip >10%, and in those with eGFR dip >30%. Conclusions The salutary association of SGLT2i with cardiovascular and kidney outcomes was maintained regardless of eGFR dipping; concerns about eGFR dipping should not preclude use, and occurrence of eGFR dip after SGLT2i initiation may not warrant discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Clinical Epidemiology CenterResearch and Development ServiceVA Saint Louis Health Care SystemSaint LouisMO
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsCollege for Public Health and Social JusticeSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation of Saint LouisSaint LouisMO
| | - Benjamin Bowe
- Clinical Epidemiology CenterResearch and Development ServiceVA Saint Louis Health Care SystemSaint LouisMO
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsCollege for Public Health and Social JusticeSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation of Saint LouisSaint LouisMO
| | - Andrew K. Gibson
- Clinical Epidemiology CenterResearch and Development ServiceVA Saint Louis Health Care SystemSaint LouisMO
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation of Saint LouisSaint LouisMO
| | - Janet B. McGill
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO
| | - Geetha Maddukuri
- Nephrology SectionMedicine ServiceVA Saint Louis Health Care SystemSaint LouisMO
| | - Ziyad Al‐Aly
- Clinical Epidemiology CenterResearch and Development ServiceVA Saint Louis Health Care SystemSaint LouisMO
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation of Saint LouisSaint LouisMO
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO
- Nephrology SectionMedicine ServiceVA Saint Louis Health Care SystemSaint LouisMO
- Institute for Public HealthWashington University in Saint LouisSaint LouisMO
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Rovin BH, Teng YKO, Ginzler EM, Arriens C, Caster DJ, Romero-Diaz J, Gibson K, Kaplan J, Lisk L, Navarra S, Parikh SV, Randhawa S, Solomons N, Huizinga RB. Efficacy and safety of voclosporin versus placebo for lupus nephritis (AURORA 1): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2021; 397:2070-2080. [PMID: 33971155 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voclosporin, a novel calcineurin inhibitor approved for the treatment of adults with lupus nephritis, improved complete renal response rates in patients with lupus nephritis in a phase 2 trial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of voclosporin for the treatment of lupus nephritis. METHODS This multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial was done in 142 hospitals and clinics across 27 countries. Patients with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria, and a kidney biopsy within 2 years that showed class III, IV, or V (alone or in combination with class III or IV) were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to oral voclosporin (23·7 mg twice daily) or placebo, on a background of mycophenolate mofetil (1 g twice daily) and rapidly tapered low-dose oral steroids, by use of an interactive web response system. The primary endpoint was complete renal response at 52 weeks defined as a composite of urine protein creatinine ratio of 0·5 mg/mg or less, stable renal function (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥60 mL/min/1·73 m2 or no confirmed decrease from baseline in eGFR of >20%), no administration of rescue medication, and no more than 10 mg prednisone equivalent per day for 3 or more consecutive days or for 7 or more days during weeks 44 through 52, just before the primary endpoint assessment. Safety was also assessed. Efficacy analysis was by intention-to-treat and safety analysis by randomised patients receiving at least one dose of study treatment. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03021499. FINDINGS Between April 13, 2017, and Oct 10, 2019, 179 patients were assigned to the voclosporin group and 178 to the placebo group. The primary endpoint of complete renal response at week 52 was achieved in significantly more patients in the voclosporin group than in the placebo group (73 [41%] of 179 patients vs 40 [23%] of 178 patients; odds ratio 2·65; 95% CI 1·64-4·27; p<0·0001). The adverse event profile was balanced between the two groups; serious adverse events occurred in 37 (21%) of 178 in the voclosporin group and 38 (21%) of 178 patients in the placebo group. The most frequent serious adverse event involving infection was pneumonia, occurring in 7 (4%) patients in the voclosporin group and in 8 (4%) patients in the placebo group. A total of six patients died during the study or study follow-up period (one [<1%] patient in the voclosporin group and five [3%] patients in the placebo group). None of the events leading to death were considered by the investigators to be related to the study treatments. INTERPRETATION Voclosporin in combination with MMF and low-dose steroids led to a clinically and statistically superior complete renal response rate versus MMF and low-dose steroids alone, with a comparable safety profile. This finding is an important advancement in the treatment of patients with active lupus nephritis. FUNDING Aurinia Pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad H Rovin
- Department of Nephrology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Y K Onno Teng
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M Ginzler
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Arriens
- Department of Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dawn J Caster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Juanita Romero-Diaz
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Keisha Gibson
- Department of Medicine, UNC Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joshua Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Laura Lisk
- Clinical Development, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra Navarra
- University of Santo Tomas, Manila and St Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Samir V Parikh
- Department of Nephrology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Simrat Randhawa
- Clinical Development, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Neil Solomons
- Clinical Development, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Kakimoto A, Ishizaki M, Ueyama H, Maeda Y, Ueda M. Renal function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients on long-term treatment with edaravone. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26127. [PMID: 34032759 PMCID: PMC8154461 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Edaravone, a free radical-scavenger, was approved in Japan for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the effect of the drug on renal function in ALS patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate renal function in ALS patients on long-term treatment with edaravone by measuring the serum estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C (eGFR-CysC).In a retrospective study, the data of ALS patients who were treated with over 10 cycles of intravenous edaravone treatment and were evaluated by eGFR-CysC before and after 10 cycles of treatment between July 2015 and June 2018 were analyzed. Then, the results were compared with those of a control ALS group that had never been treated with edaravone.There were 11 patients with ALS who received over 10 cycles of intravenous edaravone treatment. The mean interval between the first and final eGFR-CysC measurements was 18.7 ± 7.9 months. Three patients (27.3%) had >20 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease in serum eGFR-CysC. However, no patients discontinued edaravone treatment because of renal dysfunction. The average variation rate of eGFR-CysC was not different between the long-term edaravone group (0.29 ± 1.07) and the control group (-0.34 ± 0.40).This retrospective, single-center analysis showed no clinical exacerbation of renal function in ALS patients who received long-term treatment with edaravone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Kakimoto
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Saishun Medical Center
- Department of Neurology, Konishi Daiichi Hospital, Fukuoka
| | - Masatoshi Ishizaki
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Saishun Medical Center
| | - Hidetsugu Ueyama
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Saishun Medical Center
| | - Yasushi Maeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Saishun Medical Center
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Sato H, Ichikawa D, Okada E, Suzuki T, Watanabe S, Shirai S, Shibagaki Y. Spontaneous remission in adult patients with IgA nephropathy treated with conservative therapy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251294. [PMID: 34043669 PMCID: PMC8159003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are few studies describing the clinical course and spontaneous remission of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in adult patients receiving conservative treatment. Method Data from 62 adult patients with biopsy-diagnosed IgAN, who received conservative treatment at least 5 years prior, were retrospectively investigated. No patients received corticosteroids, other immunosuppressants, or tonsillectomy. Remission of proteinuria and hematuria were defined as proteinuria <0.3 g/gCr and urine red blood cells (RBC) <5 / high power field (HPF) on three consecutive urinalyses obtained during an observation period of ≥6 months. Result Thirty-eight (61.3%) patients had remission of hematuria, 24 (38.7%) had remission of proteinuria, and 19 (30.6%) had remission of both. Remission rates increased in patients with proteinuria <0.5 g/g Cr at diagnosis. The median time to remission of hematuria was 2.8 years and that of proteinuria was 2.6 years. Patients who showed renal function decline (defined as 30% decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] from baseline) were older, had significantly lower eGFR, and higher proteinuria at diagnosis. Two patients with preserved renal function and normal proteinuria at diagnosis experienced renal function decline. Renal function did not decline within 3 years of diagnosis in patients with proteinuria <1 g/gCr at diagnosis. Conclusions Relatively high rates of spontaneous remission were observed. Remission of both hematuria and proteinuria were frequent within 3 years after diagnosis, and renal function was well preserved during this period. These data indicate that it is rational to use conservative treatment for 3 years after the diagnosis instead of aggressive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Sato
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Eri Okada
- Kidney Center, National Hospital Organization Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomo Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shiika Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sayuri Shirai
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yugo Shibagaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Rodionova K, Hindermann M, Hilgers K, Ott C, Schmieder RE, Schiffer M, Amann K, Veelken R, Ditting T. AT II Receptor Blockade and Renal Denervation: Different Interventions with Comparable Renal Effects? Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:331-341. [PMID: 34034251 DOI: 10.1159/000515616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (Ang II) and the renal sympathetic nervous system exert a strong influence on renal sodium and water excretion. We tested the hypothesis that already low doses of an Ang II inhibitor (candesartan) will result in similar effects on tubular sodium and water reabsorption in congestive heart failure (CHF) as seen after renal denervation (DNX). METHODS Measurement of arterial blood pressure, heart rate (HR), renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), urine volume, and urinary sodium. To assess neural control of volume homeostasis, 21 days after the induction of CHF via myocardial infarction rats underwent volume expansion (0.9% NaCL; 10% body weight) to decrease RSNA. CHF rat and controls with or without DNX or pretreated with the Ang II type-1 receptor antagonist candesartan (0.5 ug i.v.) were studied. RESULTS CHF rats excreted only 68 + 10.2% of the volume load (10% body weight) in 90 min. CHF rats pretreated with candesartan or after DNX excreted from 92 to 103% like controls. Decreases of RSNA induced by volume expansion were impaired in CHF rats but unaffected by candesartan pointing to an intrarenal drug effect. GFR and RPF were not significantly different in controls or CHF. CONCLUSION The prominent function of increased RSNA - retaining salt and water - could no longer be observed after renal Ang II receptor blockade in CHF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Rodionova
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hindermann
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Hilgers
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Roland E Schmieder
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Veelken
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Tilmann Ditting
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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Hu X, Wang J, Yang H, Ji S, Li Y, Xu B, Cui H. Bailing Capsule combined with α-ketoacid tablets for stage 3 chronic kidney disease: Protocol of a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25759. [PMID: 34011035 PMCID: PMC8136994 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function. After stage 3, there will be increased risks of hypertension, heart failure, bone disease, anemia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and progression to end-stage kidney failure without proper intervention and treatment. Compound α-ketoacid tablets (KA) administration plays an important role in clinical CKD adjunctive therapy for patients with restricted protein intake. Bailing Capsule (BC), a commonly used Chinese patent medicine for renal diseases, could regulate human immune function, repair renal tubular epithelial cells, prevent renal tubular atrophy, and reduce kidney damage to improve renal function. In this study, we try to conduct a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial to observe the efficacy and safety of BC combined with KA in treating patients with stage 3 CKD. METHODS This is a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Patients will be randomly divided into treatment group (BC and KT) and control group (BC-simulation and KT) in a 1:1 ratio according to random number table. The treatment course will be 8 weeks, and the changes of subjective symptoms, patient global assessment (PGA) scale, serum creatinine, cystatin C, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, all related adverse events, vital sign measurements, and physical examinations will be recorded. SPSS 21.0 will be used for data analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results will show whether BC combined with KA could alleviate the symptoms of fatigue, anorexia, halitosis, nausea, itching, and edema, improve kidney function in patients with CKD at stage 3. TRIAL REGISTRATION OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/24AJ7.
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Zhang J, Wang M, Sun K, Ding Y. Assessment of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker on the split renal function in the patients with primary hypertension. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25928. [PMID: 34011065 PMCID: PMC8136992 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilateral kidney damage in hypertensive patients is not parallel. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB), as a commonly used antihypertensive drug, could protect kidney function and delay its deterioration. Most studies focused on overall renal function, but the researches on split renal function (SRF) are rare. We investigated the effects of ACEI/ARB on the SRF in patients with primary hypertension.Patients with primary hypertension (n = 429; male: 213; female: 216) admitted to our department between January 2014 and December 2016 were included in this study. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of split and total renal function were determined using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid tagged with 99mTc renal dynamic imaging method. For the same patient, the side with high GFR was considered as higher GFR kidney, whereas that with a low GFR was considered as lower GFR kidney. The split function score (Q value) was utilized to evaluate the differences of bilateral renal function. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the Q values (Group 1, Q value <5%; Group 2, Q value of 5%-10%; Group 3, Q value ≥10%). All the patients received antihypertensive therapy based on ACEI/ARB. The renal dynamic imaging was performed in the 1-year follow-up to investigate the changes of the SRF.Compared with the baseline level, significant decline was noticed in the serum creatinine (Scr) in Group 2 and Group 3 (P < .05). The cystatin C in Group 3 showed significant decline (P < .05). Compared with the baseline, there was significant decline in the Q value in Group 2, whereas the GFR of lower GFR kidney showed significant increase (P < .05). No statistical differences were noticed in the Q value and split GFR in Group 1 and Group 3 (P > .05).In primary hypertension patients, ACEI/ARB therapy could improve the SRF of lower GFR kidney in the presence of certain differences between the SRF. As a result, the SRF difference was reduced. In case of Q value in a range of 5% to 10%, ACEI/ARB could improve the renal function effectively. It may be significant for the design of antihypertensive drugs.
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Zhong B, Ma S, Wang DH. Ablation of TRPV1 Abolishes Salicylate-Induced Sympathetic Activity Suppression and Exacerbates Salicylate-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Obesity. Cells 2021; 10:1234. [PMID: 34069822 PMCID: PMC8157242 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium salicylate (SA), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and to suppress inflammation in obese patients and animal models. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel expressed in afferent nerve fibers. Cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandins are involved in the activation and sensitization of TRPV1. This study tested whether the metabolic and renal effects of SA were mediated by the TRPV1 channel. Wild-type (WT) and TRPV1-/- mice were fed a Western diet (WD) for 4 months and received SA infusion (120mg/kg/day) or vehicle for the last 4 weeks of WD feeding. SA treatment significantly increased blood pressure in WD-fed TRPV1-/- mice (p < 0.05) but not in WD-fed WT mice. Similarly, SA impaired renal blood flow in TRPV1-/- mice (p < 0.05) but not in WT mice. SA improved insulin and glucose tolerance in both WT and TRPV1-/- mice on WD (all p < 0.05). In addition, SA reduced renal p65 and urinary prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F1α, and interleukin-6 in both WT and TRPV1-/- mice (all p < 0.05). SA decreased urine noradrenaline levels, increased afferent renal nerve activity, and improved baroreflex sensitivity in WT mice (all p < 0.05) but not in TRPV1-/- mice. Importantly, SA increased serum creatinine and urine kidney injury molecule-1 levels and decreased the glomerular filtration rate in obese WT mice (all p < 0.05), and these detrimental effects were significantly exacerbated in obese TRPV1-/- mice (all p < 0.05). Lastly, SA treatment increased urine albumin levels in TRPV1-/- mice (p < 0.05) but not in WT mice. Taken together, SA-elicited metabolic benefits and anti-inflammatory effects are independent of TRPV1, while SA-induced sympathetic suppression is dependent on TRPV1 channels. SA-induced renal dysfunction is dependent on intact TRPV1 channels. These findings suggest that SA needs to be cautiously used in patients with obesity or diabetes, as SA-induced renal dysfunction may be exacerbated due to impaired TRPV1 in obese and diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihua Zhong
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (B.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (B.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Donna H. Wang
- Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (B.Z.); (S.M.)
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Bai Y, Jin J, Zhou W, Zhang S, Xu J. The safety outcomes of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with different renal function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1365-1374. [PMID: 33812735 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to assess whether the safety outcomes exerted by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were associated with different renal function at baseline. DATA SYNTHESIS We searched randomized controlled trials comparing SGLT2 inhibitors with placebo in participants simultaneously involving the entire range of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels at baseline in one study. According to eGFR, we divided the population into two subgroups with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and eGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Data from the CANVAS program, CREDENCE, EMPA-REG OUTCOME, DECLARE-TIMI 58, DAPA-HF, and EMPA-REG RENAL were included. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of all serious adverse events (HR 0.91 [95% CI 0.87 to 0.95], p < 0.001) and acute kidney injury (HR 0.74 [95% CI 0.64 to 0.85], p < 0.001). Except for high risk of genital infection, SGLT2 inhibitors did not increase the risk of amputation, fracture, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, volume depletion, or urinary tract infection. Further analyses showed that these safety outcomes were similar between subgroups (p-interaction > 0.05). For osmotic diuresis, SGLT2 inhibitors significantly increased the risk by 75% (p = 0.036), and subgroup analyses showed that this effect was completely attributed to the increase in patients with eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p-interaction<0.001). CONCLUSION The indication of no risk of osmotic diuresis in patients with eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and the consistency of other safety outcomes across different baseline renal function may allow additional individuals to safely use SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Bai
- Departments of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jingjing Jin
- Departments of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Departments of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Shenglei Zhang
- Departments of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Xu
- Departments of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
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Thomson SC, Vallon V. Effects of SGLT2 inhibitor and dietary NaCl on glomerular hemodynamics assessed by micropuncture in diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F761-F771. [PMID: 33645318 PMCID: PMC8174804 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00552.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the main proximal tubular Na-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) mitigate diabetic glomerular hyperfiltration and have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for slowing the progression of diabetic kidney disease. It has been proposed that SGLT2 inhibitors improve hard renal outcomes by reducing glomerular capillary pressure (PGC) via a tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response to a decrease in proximal reabsorption (Jprox). However, the effect of SGLT2 inhibition on PGC has not been measured. Here, we studied the effects of acute SGLT2 blockade (ertugliflozin) on Jprox and glomerular hemodynamics in two-period micropuncture experiments using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed high- or low-NaCl diets. PGC was measured by direct capillary puncture or computed from tubular stop-flow pressure (PSF). TGF is intact while measuring PGC directly but rendered inoperative when measuring PSF. Acute SGLT2 inhibitor reduced Jprox by ∼30%, reduced PGC by 5-8 mmHg, and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by ∼25% (all P < 0.0001) but had no effect on PSF. The decrease in PGC was larger with the low-NaCl diet (8 vs. 5 mmHg, P = 0.04) where PGC was higher to begin with (54 vs. 50 mmHg, P = 0.003). Greater decreases in PGC corresponded, unexpectedly, to lesser decreases in GFR (P = 0.04). In conclusion, these results confirm expectations that PGC would decline in response to acute SGLT2 inhibition and that a functioning TGF system is required for this. We infer a contribution of postglomerular vasorelaxation to the TGF responses where decreases in PGC were large and decreases in GFR were small.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It has been theorized that Na-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) blockade slows progression of diabetic kidney disease by reducing physical strain on the glomerulus. This is the first direct measurement of intraglomerular pressure during SGLT2 blockade. Findings confirmed that SGLT2 blockade does reduce glomerular capillary pressure, that this is mediated through tubuloglomerular feedback, and that the tubuloglomerular feedback response to SGLT2 blockade involves preglomerular vasoconstriction and postglomerular vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Culver Thomson
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California; and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California; and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
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Kobroob A, Peerapanyasut W, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn N, Wongmekiat O. Effectiveness of N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Renal Deterioration Caused by Long-Term Exposure to Bisphenol A. Biomolecules 2021; 11:655. [PMID: 33946939 PMCID: PMC8145636 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health hazards caused by bisphenol A (BPA), a precursor for epoxy resins and polycarbonate-based plastics, are well documented and are closely associated with mitochondrial impairment and oxidative imbalance. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on renal deterioration caused by long-term BPA exposure and examine the signaling transduction pathway involved. Male Wistar rats were given vehicle or BPA orally for 12 weeks then the BPA-treated group was subdivided to receive vehicle or NAC concurrently with BPA for a further 4 weeks, while the vehicle-treated normal control group continued to receive vehicle through to the end of experiment. Proteinuria, azotemia, glomerular filtration reduction and histopathological abnormalities caused by chronic BPA exposure were significantly reduced following NAC therapy. NAC also diminished nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation but enhanced renal glutathione levels, and counteracted BPA-induced mitochondrial swelling, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The benefit of NAC was related to the modulation of signaling proteins in the AMPK-SIRT3-SOD2 axis. The present study shows the potential of NAC to restore mitochondrial integrity and oxidative balance after long-term BPA exposure, and suggests that NAC therapy is an effective approach to tackle renal deterioration in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anongporn Kobroob
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Wachirasek Peerapanyasut
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.C.)
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.C.)
| | - Orawan Wongmekiat
- Renal Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Mun JH, Kwon SK, Park JH, Chu W, Kim DH, Jung HJ, Lee SS. Renal function-adjusted contrast medium volume is a major risk factor in the occurrence of acute kidney injury after endovascular aneurysm repair. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25381. [PMID: 33832125 PMCID: PMC8036022 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication that can occur during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), increasing postoperative mortality and disease-related death. We therefore evaluated the incidence of AKI after elective EVAR, as well as related factors affecting AKI occurrence, investigating the volume of contrast medium (CV)/estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ratio as a predictive factor.We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who underwent EVAR for infrarenal abdominal aorta aneurysm at a single center between April 2011 and December 2018. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. We evaluated the occurrence of AKI within the first 7 days postoperatively, comparing serum creatinine levels, eGFR, CV, CV/eGFR ratio, fluid input and output, and morbidity between the AKI and no-AKI groups.The data of 147 patients were analyzed, of which 131 (89.1%) were males (mean age: 72.10±7.40 years); the incidence of AKI was 4.1% (6/147 patients). The mean dose of contrast agents used was greater in the AKI group than in the no-AKI group (249.17 ± 83.21 mL vs 179.43 ± 84.32 mL, respectively; P = .05). The baseline eGFR was 42.69 ± 22.08 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in the AKI group and 77.96 ± 18.92 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in the no-AKI group (P = .001). The CV/eGFR ratio was significantly higher in the AKI group (8.21 ± 6.13 vs 2.46 ± 1.44; P = 0.003). Baseline eGFR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.922, P = .001) and the CV/eGFR ratio (OR = 2.049, P = .008) were observed to be factors related to the occurrence of AKI in the logistic regression analysis for patients' characteristics, operation-related factors, and renal outcomes. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve of the CV/eGFR ratio was 0.856, indicating the greatest influence. A CV/eGFR ratio cutoff value of 3.84 was considered the most appropriate, with an 83.3% sensitivity and 83.0% specificity.The CV/eGFR ratio, rather than the absolute amount of contrast agents, was associated with the development of AKI after EVAR. The CV/eGFR ratio could be used as a possible indicator to limit the amount of contrast media required for the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Mun
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan
| | - Su-kyung Kwon
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan
| | - Je-hyung Park
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan
| | - Wongong Chu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan
| | - Hyuk Jae Jung
- Division of Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Su Lee
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan
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Rodríguez-Fierros FL, Guarner-Lans V, Soto ME, Manzano-Pech L, Díaz-Díaz E, Soria-Castro E, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Jiménez-Trejo F, Pérez-Torres I. Modulation of Renal Function in a Metabolic Syndrome Rat Model by Antioxidants in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072074. [PMID: 33916540 PMCID: PMC8038460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the association of three or more pathologies among which obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and diabetes are included. It causes oxidative stress (OS) and renal dysfunction. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HSL) is a source of natural antioxidants that may control the renal damage caused by the MS. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a 2% HSL infusion on renal function in a MS rat model induced by the administration of 30% sucrose in drinking water. 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: Control rats, MS rats and MS + HSL rats. MS rats had increased body weight, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA index, and leptin (p ≤ 0.04). Renal function was impaired by an increase in perfusion pressure in the isolated and perfused kidney, albuminuria (p ≤ 0.03), and by a decrease in clearance of creatinine (p ≤ 0.04). The activity of some antioxidant enzymes including the superoxide dismutase isoforms, peroxidases, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase was decreased (p ≤ 0.05). Lipoperoxidation and carbonylation were increased (p ≤ 0.001). The nitrates/nitrites ratio, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione levels and vitamin C were decreased (p ≤ 0.03). The treatment with 2% HSL reversed these alterations. The results suggest that the treatment with 2% HSL infusion protects renal function through its natural antioxidants which favor an improved renal vascular response. The infusion contributes to the increase in the glomerular filtration rate, by promoting an increase in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems leading to a decrease in OS and reestablishing the normal renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Leao Rodríguez-Fierros
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.R.-F.); (L.M.-P.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.R.-F.); (L.M.-P.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.R.-F.); (L.M.-P.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - Francisco Jiménez-Trejo
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.R.-F.); (L.M.-P.); (E.S.-C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-5573-2911 (ext. 25203); Fax: +52-5573-0926
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Ito H, Matsumoto S, Izutsu T, Kusano E, Kondo J, Inoue H, Antoku S, Yamasaki T, Mori T, Togane M. Different renoprotective effects of luseogliflozin depend on the renal function at the baseline in patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study during 12 months before and after initiation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248577. [PMID: 33720983 PMCID: PMC7959360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The safety and efficacy, particularly, the factors associated with the renal prognosis, were assessed over 12 months after the initiation of luseogliflozin therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment. Methods In total, 238 patients treated with luseogliflozin (2.5 mg, once daily) were studied as the safety analysis set. Two hundred and two subjects whose medication was continued over 12 months were investigated as the full analysis set. The subjects were divided into 3 groups based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): high eGFR (n = 49), normal eGFR (n = 116) and low eGFR (n = 37) groups. Results The body weight, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c and urinary protein excretion gradually decreased from baseline in all eGFR groups. While the eGFR was significantly reduced from baseline in the high and normal eGFR groups, the eGFR did not significantly differ over time in the low eGFR group. There was no marked difference in the frequency of adverse events that were specific for SGLT2 inhibitors among the 3 groups in the safety analysis set. Conclusions Luseogliflozin can preserve the renal function in the medium term in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment without an increase in specific adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Suzuko Matsumoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Izutsu
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kusano
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Kondo
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Inoue
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Antoku
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamasaki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiko Mori
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Togane
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Edogawa Hospital, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan
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Qiu M, Ding L, Zhou H. Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25121. [PMID: 33725910 PMCID: PMC7969215 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether there are false positive or negative results in the effects of sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on various cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to explore this issue by a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. METHODS We included randomized trials evaluating the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiorenal endpoints in type 2 diabetic patients. Eight endpoints evaluated in the study were fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), fatal or nonfatal stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (CVD or HHF), all-cause death (ACD), cardiovascular death (CVD), hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), and kidney function progression (KFP). Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis was conducted for each endpoint. RESULTS Seven randomized trials of SGLT2 inhibitors were included for pooled analysis. Compared with placebo, SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of MACE (HR 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-0.94), MI (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99), CVD (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.93), CVD or HHF (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.73-0.82), HHF (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.62-0.74), KFP (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.56-0.70), and ACD (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.94), whereas SGLT2 inhibitors did not have significant effects on stroke (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.88-1.09). Trial sequential analyses for MI and stroke showed that cumulative Z curve did not cross trial sequential monitoring boundary and required information size, whereas those for the other 6 endpoints showed that cumulative Z curve crossed trial sequential monitoring boundary and/or required information size. CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, SGLT2 inhibitors conclusively reduce the risk of MACE, CVD or HHF, ACD, CVD, HHF, and KFP in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on MI and stroke are not conclusive and need to be further assessed in future studies with the adequate sample size to reject or accept the effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qiu
- Department of General Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Liangliang Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hairong Zhou
- Department of General Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen
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48
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Beldhuis IE, Myhre PL, Bristow M, Claggett B, Damman K, Fang JC, Fleg JL, McKinlay S, Lewis EF, O'Meara E, Pitt B, Shah SJ, Vardeny O, Voors AA, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD, Desai AS. Spironolactone in Patients With Heart Failure, Preserved Ejection Fraction, and Worsening Renal Function. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:1211-1221. [PMID: 33663739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with spironolactone is associated with lower risk of heart failure hospitalization (HFH) but increased risk of worsening renal function (WRF). The prognostic implications of spironolactone-associated WRF in HFpEF patients are not well understood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between WRF, spironolactone treatment, and clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF. METHODS In 1,767 patients randomized to spironolactone or placebo in the TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial)-Americas study, we examined the incidence of WRF (doubling of serum creatinine) by treatment assignment. Associations between incident WRF and subsequent risk for the primary study endpoint of cardiovascular (CV) death, HFH, or aborted cardiac arrest and key secondary outcomes, including CV death, HFH, and all-cause mortality according to treatment assignment, were examined in time-updated Cox proportional hazards models with an interaction term. RESULTS WRF developed in 260 (14.7%) patients with higher rates in those assigned to spironolactone compared to placebo (17.8% vs. 11.6%; odds ratio: 1.66; 95% confidence interval: 1.27 to 2.17; p < 0.001). Regardless of treatment, incident WRF was associated with increased risk for the primary endpoint (hazard ratio: 2.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.52 to 2.72; p < 0.001) after multivariable adjustment. Although there was no statistical interaction between treatment assignment and WRF regarding the primary endpoint (interaction p = 0.11), spironolactone-associated WRF was associated with lower risk of CV death (interaction p = 0.003) and all-cause mortality (interaction p = 0.001) compared with placebo-associated WRF. CONCLUSIONS Among HFpEF patients enrolled in TOPCAT-Americas, spironolactone increased risk of WRF compared with placebo. Rates of CV death were lower with spironolactone in both patients with and without WRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E Beldhuis
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands. https://twitter.com/iebeldhuis
| | - Peder L Myhre
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway. https://twitter.com/pmyhre
| | - Michael Bristow
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Damman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - James C Fang
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jerome L Fleg
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonja McKinlay
- New England Research Institutes, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eldrin F Lewis
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Bertram Pitt
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Orly Vardeny
- Minneapolis VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc A Pfeffer
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akshay S Desai
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Oikonomaki D, Dounousi E, Duni A, Roumeliotis S, Liakopoulos V. Incretin based therapies and SGLT-2 inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108604. [PMID: 33338553 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the use of incretin-based therapies including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists as well as sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitorsin persons with posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) so as to assess both their efficacy and safety. METHODS We searched for publications on Kidney/Renal Transplantation and DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1-receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors and included every study using these antidiabetics. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistical significant. RESULTS Sixteen studies and 310 individuals with a mean age of 55.98 ± 8.81 years were included in the analysis. Participants received DPP-4 inhibitors in 8 studies, SGLT-2 inhibitors in 6 studies and GLP-1 receptor agonists in 2 studies, with a mean follow-up of 22.03 ± 14.95 weeks. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction was demonstrated in 10 studies (mean +/- standard deviation (MD) = - 0.38%, I2 = 45%). MD of HbA1c was -0.3741 and -0.4596 mg/dl for DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT-2 inhibitors respectively. Nine studies demonstrated differences in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (MD = - 25,76) and 5 studies in post-prandial glucose (PPG) (MD = - 6.61) before and following treatment. Most studies did not show adverse effects on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hepatic function. CONCLUSIONS DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors appear both efficacious and safe in renal transplant recipients. More high-quality studies are required to guide therapeutic choices for PTDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Oikonomaki
- Department of Nephrology, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Anila Duni
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Bromberg JS, Weir MR, Gaber AO, Yamin MA, Goldberg ID, Mayne TJ, Cal W, Cooper M. Renal Function Improvement Following ANG-3777 Treatment in Patients at High Risk for Delayed Graft Function After Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation 2021; 105:443-450. [PMID: 32265417 PMCID: PMC7837751 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients (20%-50%) undergoing renal transplantation experience acute kidney injury resulting in delayed graft function. ANG-3777 is an hepatocyte growth factor mimetic that binds to the c-MET receptor. In animal models, ANG-3777 decreases apoptosis, increases proliferation, and promotes organ repair and function. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial of patients undergoing renal transplantation with <50 cc/h urine output for 8 consecutive hours over the first 24 hours posttransplantation, or creatinine reduction ratio <30% from pretransplantation to 24 hours posttransplantation. Subjects were randomized as 2:1 to 3, once-daily IV infusions of ANG-3777, 2 mg/kg (n = 19), or placebo (n = 9). Primary endpoint: time in days to achieve ≥1200 cc urine for 24 hours. RESULTS Patients treated with ANG-3777 were more likely to achieve the primary endpoint of 1200 cc urine for 24 hours by 28 days posttransplantation (83.3% versus 50% placebo; log-rank test: χ2 = 2.799, P = 0.09). Compared with placebo, patients in the ANG-3777 arm had larger increases in urine output; lower serum creatinine; greater reduction in C-reactive protein and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; fewer dialysis sessions and shorter duration of dialysis; fewer hospital days; significantly less graft failure; and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate. Adverse events occurred in a similar percentage of subjects in both arms. Events per subject were twice as high in the placebo arm. CONCLUSIONS There was an efficacy signal for improved renal function in subjects treated with ANG-3777 relative to placebo, with a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Western Maryland Regional Medical Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Matthew R. Weir
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Western Maryland Regional Medical Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - A. Osama Gaber
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston, TX
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